2020中考英语二轮复习语法第十四讲被动语态资料（通用版）

被动语态一、语态 在英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 （1）主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。 Eg:Many people speak English.很多人说英语 （2）被动语态：主语是动作的承受着。 Eg:English is spoken by many people.英语被很多人说 二、被动语态结构 只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态，所以被动语态的结构为： be+及物动词的过去分词   实义动词的被动语态 由于不同时态中be动词形式不一样，会有不同的结构 （1）一般现在时的被动语态be（am/is/are）+动词的过去分词 Eg:The car is washed by him.车被他洗。 （2）一般过去时的被动语态be（was/were）+动词的过去分词 Eg:The car was washed by him yesterday.车昨天被他洗。 （3）一般将来时的被动语态Shall/will/be going to be+动词的过去分词 Eg:The car will be washed by him tomorrow.车明天将会被他洗。 （4）现在进行时的被动语态am/is /are +being+动词的过去分词 Eg:The car is being washed by him now. 车正在被他洗。 （5）过去进行时的被动语态was/were+being+动词的过去分词 Eg:The car was being washed by him at 10 yesterday.昨天10点钟的时候车正在被他洗。 （6）现在完成时的被动语态has/have been+动词的过去分词 Eg:The car has already been washed by him. 车已经被他洗过了。  情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+be+动词的过去分词 Eg:The car can be finished washing in 20 minutes.车可以在20分钟之内洗完。  The classroom must be cleaned after class. 放学之后教室必须被打扫。 三、被动语态注意点  省略to的不定式的被动语态在主动语态中，动词make,let,see,hear,watch,notice等后跟省略to的不定式，但变为被动语态时，to必须保留Eg:His mother makes him do homework.He is made to do homework by his mother.他的妈妈使他做作业。 He saw the girl dance.The girl was seen to dance by him.他看到那个女孩跳舞了。  跟双宾语的动词的被动语态“主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”称作双宾语结构，即：主+谓+sb+sth.被动结构：sb+be+动词的过去分词+sthSth+be+动词的过去分词+to/for +sb Eg:He gave Lucy a book.（主动）Lucy was given a book by him.（被动）A book was given to Lucy.（被动）  Her mother bought her a gift.（主动）She was bought a gift by her mother.（被动）A gift was bought for her by her mother.（被动） 常与to搭配的动词give（给）,send（寄）,pass（传递）,leave（留给）,tell（告诉）,refuse（拒绝）,show（给...看）,bring（带来）,lend（借给）,hand（交给）,promise（答应，承若）,throw（扔）,offer（提供） 常与for搭配的动词buy（买）,make（制作）,get（得到）,sing（唱歌）,do（做）,draw（画）,cook（做饭）  主动表被动 （1）系动词look,sound,feel,smell,tasteEg:The flower smells sweet.（√）  The flower is smelled sweet.（x） （2）后接doing表被动的need doing需要做某事want（=need）doing sth需要做某事require doing sth需要做某事be worth doing sth值得做某事 Eg:The flowers needs watering.  花需要浇水。 The book is worth reading. 那本书值得读。  不能用于被动语态的动词 （1）不及物动词以及不及物动词词组happen,take place,break out,come out,come true等  （2）表示主语特征的动词，其后常跟well,easily等副词用主动表被动常见动词有wear,sell,read,wash,write,cut,open,等 Eg:The books sell well.那些书卖的好。 The clothes wash easily.那些衣服洗起来很容易。 （3）表示状态的谓语动词。have（有）last（持续）,join（加入）,contain（包含）,look like（看起来像）等 Eg:The meeting lasted three hours.  会议持续了3个小时   The girl looks like her mother.  那个女孩看起来像她的妈妈 （4）表示希望、意图的动词。wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等