2020版高考英语新创新一轮复习人教全国版讲义：必修2Unit3Computers

nit 3 Computers


一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效

Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1.calculator n．　　　　　　　　计算器
2.laptop n. 手提电脑
3.universal adj. 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的
4.revolution n. 革命
5.artificial adj. 人造的；假的
6.mathematical adj. 数学的
7.designer n. 设计师
8.network n. 网络；网状物
9.download vt. 下载
10.virus n. 病毒
11.naughty adj. 顽皮的；淘气的
12.spoil vt. 损坏；宠坏
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1.calculate vt. 计算
2.sum n. 总数；算术题；金额
3.technology n．　　工艺；科技；技术
4.solve vt. 解决；解答
5.reality n. 真实；事实；现实
6.mobile adj. 可移动的；机动的
7.anyhow adv. (也作anyway)无论如何；
即使如此
8.goal n. 目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分
9.happiness n. 幸福；快乐
10.signal vi.& vt. 发信号
n. 信号
11.type n. 类型
vt.& vi. 打字
12.arise vi. 出现；发生
13.character n. 性格；特点
14.coach n. 教练
15.electronic adj. 电子的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1.operator n．(电脑)操作员；接线员→operate v．操作；经营→operation n．操作；经营
2.simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的
3.logical adj.合逻辑的；合情理的→logically adv.合逻辑地；有条理地；逻辑上
4.intelligent adj.智能的；聪明的→intelligence n．智力；聪明；智能
5.total adj.总的；整个的n.总数；合计→totally adv.完全地；整个地
6.personal adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的→personally adv.就个人而言；亲自→personality n．个性；人格；风云人物；名人
7.application n．应用；用途；申请；申请表→apply v．应用；涉及；申请→applicant n．申请人；求职者
8.finance n．金融；财经→financial adj.财政的；金融的；资金的
9.explore vt.& vi.探索；探测；探究→explorer n．探险家；勘探者→exploration n．勘探；探测；探险
10.appearance n．外观；外貌；出现→appear vi.出现
[语境活用]
1.A team of explorers will explore the valley and the exploration will last 10 days.(explore)
2.After the president made an official announcement, she expressed her personal opinion.Personally speaking, I agreed with what she said.(person)
3.Any applicant who would like to apply to become an assistant in our company should send us an application before December 10.(apply)
4.—Can you say that dolphins are much more intelligent than other animals？
—Well, they are animals of high intelligence and they can communicate.(intelligent)
5.There were about 40 people at the party in total;_they sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives.(total)

(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.from_...on　 　　　　从……时起
2.in_a_way 在某种程度上
3.with_the_help_of 在……的帮助下
4.deal_with 处理；安排；对付
5.watch_over 看守；监视；照管
6.provide_...for_... 给……提供……
7.have_...in_common 有……共同之处
8.share_...with_... 与……分享……
9.as_a_result 结果
10.make_up 弥补；编造；打扮；构成
11.after_all 毕竟；终究
12.make_full_use_of 充分利用
1.You should make_full_use_of every precious minute to study.
2.With_the_help_of local media, he has already found 32 time twins from 13 countries, of whom there are 17 males and 15 females.
3.I'm going to deliver a speech about how to deal_with troubles.
4.They use specially trained dogs to watch_over their sheep at night.
5.What he said at the meeting was reasonable in_a_way.
6.There have been so many conflicts in the world recently.As_a_result,_people are concerned about the world peace.
7.Don't blame him for breaking that vase; after_all he is still a child.
8.Can I leave early this afternoon and make_up the time tomorrow？
9.They are friends and have much in_common,_so they are willing to talk.

(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.
我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
before引导时间状语从句，意为“……之后才……”。
虽然飓风已经过去了，但是还要花几个月的时间才能把它造成的破坏清理干净。
Although the hurricane has gone, it will be months before_the_damage_is_cleared_up.
2.As time went by, I was made smaller.
随着时间的流逝，我被做得更小了。
as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。
随着技术的发展和生活水平的提高，互联网已进入寻常百姓家。
As_technology_develops_and_life_improves,_the Internet has entered the ordinary people's homes.
3.And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it！
我的存储量变得如此之大，以至于我自己都不能相信！
so ...that ...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于”。
(2016·天津高考书面表达)你们如此善良、体贴，以至于我们希望成为你们的朋友，无论你们在哪儿。
You are so_kind_and_considerate_that we hope to be friends with you no matter where you are.
4.By the time I was sixteen, my dream had come true.
在我满十六岁时，我梦想成真了。
“by＋过去的时间/从句(过去时)”作状语时，句子/主句谓语一般用过去完成时。
到20世纪90年代为止，计算机已经在全世界流行起来了。
By the 1990s, the computer had_been_popular all over the world.

二、课堂重点深化

1．solve vt.解决；解答
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①With most of the problems solved (solve), I felt a great weight taken off my mind.
②It may take a long time to find a solution (solve) to the problem.
　[系统归纳]
(1)solve problems　　　　 解决问题
(2)solution n. 解决办法；处理手段
a/the solution to sth. ……的解决方法
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
③With this problem solving, this kind of medicine is now in regular production.solving→solved
佳句时时写
④为了解决这个问题，我和我的朋友一心想要给学校提点建议。
In_order_to_solve_the_problem,_I, together with my friends, am bent on making some suggestions to our school.
2．signal vi.& vt.发信号n.信号
　[自主体验]
句式升级
The bell rang, and signalled that school was over.
①The bell rang, which_signalled_that_school_was_over.(非限制性定语从句)
②The bell rang, signalling_that_school_was_over.(分词作状语)
[系统归纳]
(1)signal to sb.to do sth.　　 示意某人做某事
signal (to sb.) that ... 示意(某人)……
(2)a traffic signal 交通信号
send out a signal 发出信号
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
③She signalled the other girls that everything was all right.signalled后加to
佳句时时写
④肢体语言能泄露很多你的情绪，因此，双臂交叠站着传出的信号是你处于防御状态。
Body language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can_send_out_a_signal that you are being defensive.
3．arise vi.(arose, arisen)出现；发生；引起；起身；起床
　[自主体验]
写出下列句中arise的含义
①Seeing his mother return home, the boy arose from his chair immediately.起身
②New problems will arise one after another in the future.出现
③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.起床
④At break, Mr.Connery got down to dealing with the matters arising from his class.引起
　[系统归纳]
(1)arise为不及物动词，表示“出现；发生”时，主语一般为argument, difficulty, misunderstanding, problem, quarrel, trouble等抽象名词，无被动语态。
(2)arise from＝arise out of　　由……引起/产生
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤The number of road accidents and the deaths arisen from those accidents has increased over the past year.arisen→arising
佳句时时写
⑥众所周知，身体上的原因可以引起情绪或精神上的问题。
As is known to all, emotional or mental problems can_arise_from_a_physical_cause.
　[联想发散]
原形
词性词义
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
arouse
vt.唤醒；激起
aroused
aroused
arousing
rise
vi.升起；起身；增长；上升
rose
risen
rising
raise
vt.举起；抚养；提高；饲养
raised
raised
raising


1．as a result结果
　[自主体验]
句型转换
He was too careless; as a result, he failed the English test.
①He failed the English test as_a_result_of carelessness.
②His carelessness resulted_in his failure in the English test.
③His failure in the English test resulted_from his carelessness.
　[系统归纳]
(1)as a result of　　　　　　 因为；由于
(2)result in 导致；造成
result from 由……产生；因……引起
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
④We helped each other in studies and in a result we became good friends.第二个in→as
佳句时时写
⑤(2016·北京高考书面表达)郑和在海上航行了28年，到过30多个国家。因此，中国经济发展得更快，被世界上更多的人所认识。
Zheng He spent 28 years on the ocean journeys and went to more than thirty countries.As_a_result,_China's economy developed faster and was known by more people in the world.
2．in a way在某种程度上；从某一角度看
[系统归纳]
all the way　　　 一路上；自始至终；完全地
by the way 顺便说一下
in no way 一点也不；决不(位于句首时，句子应使用部
分倒装)
in this way 用这种方法
in the way 挡道；碍事
on the way 在途中
　[重点强化]
用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)
①In_a_way,_the computer plays a more and more important role in our life and work.
②Mrs Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always in_the_way whenever she tries to.
③He decided that he would drive all_the_way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.
佳句时时写
④面对困难时，你决不应该失去信心。
In no way should_you_lose_heart when you are faced with difficulties.
⑤只有用这种方式他们才能独立成长、真正成功。
Only_in_this_way_can_they_grow_up to be independent and become truly successful.
3．deal with处理；安排；对付；论及；涉及；与……打交道；与……做买卖
　[自主体验]
写出下列句中deal with的含义
①As a child, he never left his parents, so he didn't get used to dealing with everything in school independently.处理
②His article deals with many issues we are greatly concerned about.论及；涉及
③His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people.与……打交道
[系统归纳]
(1)do with sth.　　　　　　 处理某事
(2)deal in 经营
make a deal 成交；达成交易
　[重点强化]
用法条条清(deal with/deal in/do with)
I don't know how to ④deal_with the man ⑤dealing_in second­hand cars.Can you tell me what to ⑥do_with my old car?
佳句时时写
⑦(2015·浙江高考书面表达)对于组织班级活动我们或许有不同的观点，我们也许有不同的方法来处理这一情况。
We may have different opinions in organizing class activities and we may have various ways to_deal_with_such_a_situation.
[名师指津]　deal with表示“处理”时，常与疑问词how连用；do with表示“处理”时，常与疑问词what连用。
4．as引导状语从句
　[教材原句]　As time went by, I was made smaller.
　[自主体验]
①As time went on/by, he contented himself with a simple life.
＝With_time_going_on/by,_he contented himself with a simple life.
随着时间的流逝，他满足于过简朴的生活。
②I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao”， just as_I_might_do_in_China.
我离他们足够近能听见他们正在说汉语，并且我像在中国可能做的那样说了声“你好”。
③As_it_was_getting_dark,_I turned around to start for home.
因为要天黑了，于是我掉头回家。
④Child as_he_is,_he knows to help others.
他虽是个孩子，却知道帮助别人。
　[归纳点拨]
用法规则
as 作为连词的用法主要有：
(1)“当……时候；一面……一面……；随着”，引导时间状语从句。
(2)“按照；如同”，引导方式状语从句。
(3)“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句。
(4)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，可与though互换。
注意事项
with是介词，意为“随着”，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。
　[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)As the summer break is approaching, I will be free for almost three months.
②(增分要点句)I think you look great as you are, and you're a wonderful person.
5．so/such ...that ...引导结果状语从句
　[教材原句]　And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it!
　[自主体验]
①I was a little nervous at first, but everyone was so_nice_and_friendly_that I soon stopped worrying.
起初我有些紧张，但所有成员都那么亲切、友好，我很快就不担心了。
②As can be seen from the picture, a boy is burdened with such_heavy_homework_that it seems as if he can hardly bear it any more.
正如图画上所看到的一样，一个男孩肩负着那么沉重的作业以至于他看上去好像再也承受不住了。
　[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)so ...that ...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。其句型基本结构：

(2)such ...that ...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。其句型基本结构：
注意事项
当so＋形容词/副词及such ...放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。例如：
So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.

　[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2018·江苏高考书面表达)Everyone is faced with such wonderful goods every day that they find they are difficult to choose from.
②(增分要点句)(2018·北京高考书面表达)So fast is Beijing developing that you can never imagine what it will be like next year.

本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“科学技术”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——科学技术

(一)浅易词汇温一温
①organize　　 ②activity　　　 ③waste　　　 ④valuable
⑤electricity ⑥material ⑦exist ⑧experiment
⑨foresee ⑩function ⑪network ⑫online
⑬hopeful ⑭expert ⑮Internet ⑯machine

(二)生疏词汇记一记
①analyse v．　　　　　　　　 分析
②annual adj. 每年的；年度的
③breakthrough n. 重大进展；突破
④broad adj. 宽的；宽大的
⑤compass n. 指南针
⑥download vt. 下载
⑦drawback n. 缺点；不利条件
⑧fundamental adj. 十分重大的；根本的
⑨guarantee vt.& n. 保证；担保
⑩impact n. 影响；冲击
⑪patent n. 专利权；专利证书
⑫convenience n. 方便；便利
⑬creative adj. 创造性的
⑭disadvantage n. 不利条件；弱点；劣势；短处

(三)常用词块忆一忆
①no more than 仅仅　　　　 ②take pleasure in 以……为乐
③face to face 面对面 ④participate in 参加
⑤computer games 电脑游戏 ⑥full of violence 充满暴力
(四)写作佳句背一背
①With the development of science and technology, more and more scientific inventions are being made, which bring great convenience to our daily life.
②A cellphone can make me keep in touch with my friends and family while the Internet can provide me with almost all the information.
③If we know little about the universe, how can we know our earth and its changes better?
④WeChat can provide a platform to show our talent and release our pressure, thus making it more and more popular with high school students.
二、话题书面表达亮一点

假定你是李萍，你的美国笔友杰克最近沉迷于电脑游戏，造成很多危害。请你给他写一封书信，劝说他戒掉这个不良习惯，并提出建议。内容包括：
1．浪费了本该学习的时间；
2．对身心造成危害；
3．你的建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jack，
Hearing that you are addicted to playing computer games, I felt very worried.　



Yours，
Li Ping
[写作4步走]

第一步：句写对——给词写句

take exercise, participate in, activity, waste, valuable, play games, do harm to, health, full of violence, break away from　
1．它会使你浪费太多宝贵的时间。
It_will_make_you_waste_too_much_valuable_time.
2．长时间玩游戏会损害你的健康。
Playing_games_for_a_long_time_will_do_harm_to_your_health.
3．一些游戏充满暴力。
Some_games_are_full_of_violence.
4．我强烈希望你能摆脱电脑游戏。越早越好。
I_strongly_hope_that_you_can_break_away_from_computer_games.The_earlier,_the_better.
5．你可以多读好书，多做运动或参加一些社会活动。
You_can_read_more_good_books,_take_more_exercise_or_participate_in_some_social_activities.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
6．句1增加定语从句“这些时间应该花在学习或其他有意义的事情上”。
It_will_make_you_waste_too_much_valuable_time_which_should_be_spent_on_your_study_or_other_meaningful_things.
7．句2增加介词短语“尤其是对你的眼睛”。
Playing_games_for_a_long_time_will_do_harm_to_your_health,_especially_to_your_eyes.
8．句3增加并列句“这将对你的心理健康有害”。
Some_games_are_full_of_violence,_and_this_will_be_harmful_to_your_mental_health.
9．句5增加目的状语“为了过上有意义的生活”和“开阔你的视野”。
In_order_to_live_a_meaningful_life,_you_can_read_more_good_books,_take_more_exercise_or_participate_in_some_social_activities_to_expand_your_horizons.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
用定语从句改写句8。
Some_games_are_full_of_violence,_which_will_be_harmful_to_your_mental_health.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
写作主体开头可用“Although it's believed that computer games are interesting， yet if you abuse them， they will be harmful in many ways.”进行概述。写具体危害可用to begin with， in addition， worse still， therefore作好衔接过渡。最后用Looking forward to your good news.表达殷切希望。
Dear Jack，
Hearing that you are addicted to playing computer games, I felt very worried.
Although_it's_believed_that_computer_games_are_interesting,_yet_if_you_abuse_them,_they_will_be_harmful_in_many_ways.To_begin_with,_it_will_make_you_waste_too_much_valuable_time_which_should_be_spent_on_your_study_or_other_meaningful_things.In_addition,_playing_games_for_a_long_time_will_do_harm_to_your_health,_especially_to_your_eyes.Worse_still,_some_games_are_full_of_violence,_which_will_be_harmful_to_your_mental_health.Therefore,_I_strongly_hope_that_you_can_break_away_from_it.The_earlier,_the_better.In_order_to_live_a_meaningful_life,_you_can_read_more_good_books,_take_more_exercise_or_participate_in_some_social_activities_to_expand_your_horizons.
Looking_forward_to_your_good_news.
Yours，
Li Ping


一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2015·北京高考)The fact that college students are financially (finance) dependent on their parents is nothing new.
2．(2015·江苏高考)When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality (real) toward the dream world.
3．(2014·广东高考)Eventually, however, I won the support of my family, and I sent in all the paperwork needed for application (apply)．
4．(2013·北京高考)If you are not totally (total) satisfied, return it at our expense and your money will be given back to you.
5．(2013·广东高考)Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence (intelligent)．
6．(2013·天津高考)When asked about happiness (happy), we usually think of something extraordinary.
7．(2012·陕西高考)Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances (appear), so do companies.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用total, goal, deal with填空)
1．(2014·福建高考完形填空)Each year I would ask my father if I could skip the recital “just this once”．And each year he'd shake his head, muttering (嘀咕) something about building self­confidence and working towards a __39__.goal
2．(2014·湖南高考完形填空)Besides, through ironing I've learned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems.“__47__ wrinkles one at a time，” as Mom might have said, “and before long everything will get ironed out.”Deal_with
3．(2010·陕西高考完形填空)On my way home at the end of the day, I saw the busker again and he was packing up.I watched him pick up the hat and walk to a cafe counter.There he poured the __43__ contents into a tin collecting for an earthquake fund­raising (募捐) event.He was busking for charity (慈善)！total
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：科学技术的发展正在影响着你我的生活，我们拿出智能手机，连上免费WiFi，打开淘宝、京东一键购物，打开微信、QQ与好友聊天……这些都是科学技术对人们生活的贡献。该话题也是高考常考话题。平时多关注前沿科技的最新发展与创新，做科技的小主人。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1] Today just as technology changed the face of industry, farms have undergone an “agricultural revolution”．On the farm of today, machines provide almost all the power.
[2] One of the most important benefits will be the farm computer.A few forward­looking farmers are already using computers to help them run their farms more efficiently.The computers help them keep more accurate records so they can make better decisions on what crops to plant, how much livestock to buy, when to sell their products, and how much profit they can expect.Many computer companies have been developing special computer programs just for farmers.Programs are being written for hog producers, grain farmers, potato farmers, and dairy farmers.In the future, farmers will be able to buy computer programs made to their needs.Because of the growing importance of computers on the farm, students at agricultural colleges are required to take computer classes in addition to their normal agricultural courses.There can be no doubt that farmers will rely on computers even more in the future.While the old­time farm depended on horse power, and modern farms depend on machine power, farms of the future will depend on computer power.
[3] Another technological advance which is still in the experimental stage is the robot, a real “mechanized hired hand” that will be able to move and, in some ways, think like a human being.Agricultural engineers believe that computer­aided robots will make surprising changes in farming before the end of the century.Unlike farmers of the present, farmers of the future will find that many day­to­day tasks will be done for them.Scientists are now developing robots that will be able to shear (剪) sheep, drive tractors, and harvest fruit, even complex jobs will be done by robots.For example, in order to milk their cows, farmers must first drive them into the barn, then connect them to the milking machines, watch the machines, and disconnect them when they are finished.In the future, this will all be done by robots.In addition, when the milking is completed, the robots will automatically check to make sure that the milk is pure.The complete mobilization of the farm is far in the future, but engineers expect that some robots will be used before long.
语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文，介绍了科学技术，尤其是电脑在农业方面起到的重大作用。不久的未来，机器人将在农业中发挥重要作用。
1．Which sentence carried the main idea of the whole passage?
A．The first sentence of the first paragraph.
B．The first sentence of the second paragraph.
C．The first sentence of the third paragraph.
D．The last sentence of the second paragraph.
解析：选A　主旨大意题。通过阅读全文，讲述农业方面使用电脑以及未来的机器人可知整篇文章都是围绕第一段第一句展开的，即“农业的技术革命”，故答案为A。
2．According to the passage, computers can NOT help farmers decide ________.
A．how much money they can earn from their products
B．whether to plant a certain kind of crop
C．what livestock to raise
D．when to sell their products
解析：选C　细节理解题。由第二段中的“The computers help them ...they can expect.”可知A、B、D三项正确，C项中应把what改为how much。
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Farmers in the future will depend totally on computers.
B．Both computers and robots have been in use on today's farms.
C．Farmers mainly use machines on their farms at present.
D．Students at agricultural colleges must take computer classes because they can do nothing without the help of computers on today's farms.
解析：选C　推理判断题。由第一段中的“On the farm of today, machines provide almost all the power.”可推知C项正确。A项中使用totally有误；B项中robots have been in use说法有误；D项they can do nothing ...farms有误。
4．According to the engineers, ________ will be done by robots in the near future.
A．all farm work　　　　　　 B．milking cows
C．most of the farm work D．some farm work
解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段中的“Agricultural engineers believe that computer­aided robots will make surprising ...many day­to­day tasks will be done for them.”可知答案为C。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
主旨大意技法(1)——读首段(句)确定文章大意
有些文章或段落开门见山，往往在开头即段首就提出主题，也就是文章的主题句，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展文章主题句所表达的主题思想，在说明文、议论文、科技文献以及新闻报道中多采用这种形式。因此，要寻找此类文章的主旨大意就需要细心研究文章的首句和首段。同样，寻找段落的主旨大意则要研究段落的首句。本文中的第一段第一句即为全文中心，整篇文章都是在围绕第一段第一句展开，由此可以得出第1题的答案。