2021版新高考英语（北师大版）一轮复习教师用书：选修7Unit21HumanBiology

三言两语1.In our home office，anyone caught doing something harmful to the environment might be punished.2．It's impossible for him to pass the driving test this time.3．It seems such a pity that you should have to spend the day at the hotel.1.作为学生，我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩。As students，we should try to get good results by studying hard rather_than_cheating_in_exams.2．据说他们已研发了一种新的教学方法，这种方法注定会大大提高课堂效果。They are_said_to_have_developed a new approach to teaching which is bound to improve classroom teaching greatly. [单词　拼写应用]核心单词1．abuse vt.滥用2．tolerate vt.容忍3．postpone vt.推迟，延期4．prohibit vt.禁止5．foresee vt.预见6．underline vt.表明重要性；强调7．temporary adj.临时的；短暂的8．circumstance n．情形，情况 9．seek vt.寻找10．decline  vi.下降11．digest  vi.消化；理解12．doubtful adj.可疑的；不肯定的13．oppose vt.反对；对抗14．urban  adj.城市的；市区的15．unite  vi.团结；联合；统一16．pause n．暂停；停顿17．routine  n. 日常工作；常规18．thorough  adj.彻底的；细致的19．faith  n. 信心  20．fortune n. 大笔财产，巨款21．submit  vt.提交，递交22．concern n. 担心；担忧[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空。1．Certain occupations have_declined(decline) overall in recent years.2．The game has been postponed(postpone) three times.3．They were accused of abusing (abuse) their power to keep prices artificially high.4．He seems to be in easy circumstances(circumstance) since he had his pay increase.5．Had we foreseen(foresee) that，we would not have let him go.6．They sought(seek)in vain for somewhere to shelter.拓展单词1．rob vt.使丧失；抢劫→robber n．强盗→robbery n．盗窃2．oppose vt.反对→opposition n．反方；对立面→opposite adj.相反的；对面的→opposed adj.反对的3．violate vt.违反；违背→violent adj.猛烈的→violence n．暴力4．faith n．信心→faithful adj.忠诚的；忠实的→faithfully  adv.忠诚地5．equip vt.使有准备→equipment n．设备；装备6．fortune n．大笔钱财，巨款；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately  adv.幸运地7．extend v．延长→extension n．延期8．concern n．担心；担忧→concerned adj.关心的；担忧的→concerning prep.关于；有关[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式或所给提示填空。1．We are very concerned about our company's plans concerning the new position.(concern)2．I was very fortunate to see this，but in a way I created this fortune as I was always out there.(fortune) 3．In order to equip the medical equipment  reasonably，the rent center was founded in our hospital in 2002.(equip) 4．This faith made them faithful to carry out the instructions.(faith)5．A child growing up in a violent environment learns violence and may act violently towards his own children.(violent)6．Import license is only allowed to extend once and the extension is no more than 3 months.(extend) 7．The students living far away from the school were strongly opposed to the plan.Their opposition prevented the plan from being carried out.(oppose)8．Several robbers  robbed  the bank of an enormous sum of money，making the largest robbery of this city in the last decade.But they were soon caught by the police.(rob)阅读单词1．circulate vt.循环2．mineral n．矿物3．supreme adj.最高的，极度的4．compulsory adj.强制性的；义务的5．violate vt.违反，违背6．privileged adj.荣幸的7．cater vi.满足，迎合8．ample adj.充足的，充裕的9．storage n．储存10．statistics n．统计资料；统计数字11．symptom n. 症状 12．terminal adj. 致命的；晚期的_13．minimum n. 最低，最小 14．deadline n．截止日期，最后日期1．(江苏卷)．..，the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.以牺牲……为代价2．①He paused，waiting for her to digest the information.领悟②The organization publishes a regular digest of environmental statisics.文摘，摘要3．We had to decline the invitation to visit our friends in another day.谢绝[短语　多维应用]高频短语1.wipe_out彻底毁灭2．at_random随便地，随意地3．at_all_costs不管多大代价，无论如何4．cater_to满足；迎合5．straight_away立刻，马上6．miss_out遗漏，遗忘；错过机会7．focus_on聚焦；集中；对准[语境运用]　选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。As a singer，he won't ①cater_to the listeners.He only ②focuses_on his true feelings，so he won't write and sing songs③ at_random.Because of this，he may ④miss_out many good chances of making money.But he will stick to it ⑤at_all_costs.8.clear_up整理；解释；澄清9．in_despair绝望10．be_responsible_for对……负责任11．get_down_to开始做12．at_any_rate无论如何；至少13．bring_up教育；抚养；呕吐14．stop_sth.in_its_track终止；消灭[语境运用]　选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。My good friend Mary didn't get through the College Entrance Examination，which made her and her disabled parents ⑥in_despair.She knew it was not easy for her parents to ⑦bring her up.So she would ⑧get_down_to going over her lessons.She told me she should ⑨be_responsible_for not only herself but also her parents.[句式　结构仿写]教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1.不定式作主语It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.他不可能解除契约对自己的束缚。It_is_impossible_for_him to get off the contract.2.rather than 而不是，与其……不如……The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.大多数人愿意买房子而不愿意租房子。Most people prefer_to_buy their own homes rather_than rent them.3.sb./sth.be believed to...Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.据说这本书已译成了几种语言。The book is said to_have_been_translated into several languages.1．postpone vt.推迟；延期  postpone sth.推迟某事物；使某事物推迟postpone doing sth.推迟做某事be postponed for...(时间)被推迟了……postpone sth.to/until...推迟到……postpone the meeting to next week会议延期至下星期postpone making a decision  推迟做决定[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Our school has decided to postpone holding (hold) the sports meeting because of the heavy rain.②The match was postponed to the following Saturday because of bad weather.③Let's postpone to make a decision until we have more information.to_make→making[链接写作]——词汇升级(普通表达)I shall put off making a decision till I learn full particulars.(高级表达)I shall postpone_making_a_decision till I learn full particulars.2．oppose vt. & vi.反对；反抗  (1)oppose doing  sth.反对做某事oppose sb's doing sth.反对某人做某事(2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立oppose the plan  反对这个计划oppose playing computer games 反对打电脑游戏[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Most Americans were opposed to Syria war.②I have been consistently opposed to feeding(feed) a baby regularly.③She is very much opposed to your going(go) abroad.④All the members present opposed to change the law.to_change→changing[链接写作]——一句多译我反对星期天购物，因为太拥挤了。①I oppose_going_shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded. (oppose)②I am_opposed_to_going_shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.(opposed)③I object_to_going_shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded. (object)④I am_against_going_shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded. (against)3．prohibit vt.禁止，阻止  (1)prohibit (doing) sth.禁止(做)某事(2)禁止某人做某事prohibit smoking  禁止吸烟prohibit visitors from feeding the animals 禁止游客投喂动物[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①We are prohibited from drinking(drink) during working hours.②Smoking is_prohibited(prohibit) in the office building.③His small size prohibits him becoming(become) a policeman.④It is wise to prohibit students playing with smartphones.playing前加from[链接写作]——词汇升级(普通表达)Some people think that it's necessary to prevent/stop/ keep people from using mobile phones in some places.(高级表达)Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit_ people's_using mobile phones in some places.(高级表达)Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit_ people_from_using mobile phones in some places.4．tolerate vt.容忍，忍受  (1)tolerate (doing) sth.容忍(做)某事(2)tolerance n．容忍；宽容have no tolerance of/for sb./sth.不能容忍某人/某事物(3)tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的be tolerant of/towards sb./sth.忍受、宽容某人/某事tolerate others 容忍别人can't tolerate being scolded  不能容忍被责怪[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①The school cannot tolerate cheating(cheat) in exams.②She had no tolerance for jokes of any kind.③Perhaps you need to be more tolerant with your neighbors. with→to/towards[链接写作]——一句多译我不能容忍被嘲笑。①I can't tolerate_being_made_fun_of.(tolerate)②I can't bear/stand_being_made_fun_of.(bear/stand)③I can't put_up_with_being_made_fun_of.(put up with)5.submit vt. 提交；递交 vi. & vt.服从，屈服  submit...to...把……提交给……；向……提出submit sb./oneself to使某人/自己甘受，服从submit to服从于，屈服于submit an application 呈递申请书submit to questioning 接受询问[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①He submitted the report on the matter to the committee.②We'll submit ourselves(us) to the court's judgement.③I submit that the terms are entirely unreasonable.④We rejected his submission(submit) that this be done at once.⑤He submitted him to a search by the guards.him→himself[链接写作]——完成句子学生必须服从学校的纪律。The students must submit_themselves_to the disciplines at school.6．seek (sought，sought) vt. 寻找，寻求；追求；探求；探索；试图  seek sth.from sb.向某人请求/寻求某物seek after/for sb.(sth.)寻求某人(某物)seek one's fortune寻找成功(致富)的机会seek out 找出；寻出seek to do sth.试图做某事seek advice 征求意见seek for a missing pen 寻找丢失的钢笔seek after the ideal 追求理想[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①We are seeking to_attain(attain) the most advanced technology level in the world.②Why do modern people seek after material possessions? ③The couple have sought help for marriage guidance counsellors. for→from[链接写作]——完成句子他早年到外国去闯天下。In early youth he went to seek_his_fortune_in_a_foreign_country.7．equip vt. 装备，配备 (1)equip sb./sth.to do sth.使某人/某物具备条件做某事equip sb./sth.with sth.用某物装备某人/某物equip for...为……做准备be equipped with 配备有……(表示状态)(2)equipment n．装备；器材；装置well equipped  装备优良equip sb.for a job 使某人具备做某项工作的条件equip the workshop with modern machines 用现代化机器来装备车间[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①They are equipping themselves for a journey.②Please equip yourself with a pencil and a rubber for the exam.③A first­aid kit is a necessary piece of equipment(equip) for people when traveling.④We provide 2­person tents and basic cooking and camping equipments.equipments→equipment[链接写作]——完成句子为了保持双脚干爽舒适，这种新的鞋子配有微型风扇。To keep the feet dry and comfortable，this new kind of shoes is_equipped_with a micro­fan.8．decline vi. &vt.下降；衰退；谢绝 n. 下降；衰退 (1)decline to do sth.婉拒做某事decline in/of sth.在某方面减少/下降(2)on the decline走下坡路；在衰退中fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落，陷入衰退decline by 10%  减少了10% decline with thanks  婉言谢绝a sharp decline in population  人口急剧下降[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①I didn't know why the boy declined to_answer (answer) a question.②There has been a sharp decline in/of profits this year.③The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10 percent last month.④The number of people who run the red light has been in the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.in→on[链接写作]——完成句子不过互联网并非是旅游指南走下坡路的唯一原因。But the Internet is not the only reason that guidebooks are_in_decline.(decline n．)9．fortune n．财产；大笔钱；机会；运气  (1)make a fortune 发财by good/bad fortune 幸运/不幸地have good/bad fortune to do...有幸/不幸做……(2)be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.在……方面运气好try one's fortune   碰运气seek one's fortune  外出寻找发财的机会[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Fortunately(fortune) the rain stopped before we started.②You are fortunate_(fortune)to have such a reasonable father.③Central London is fortunate in have so many large parks and open spaces.have→having[链接写作]——完成句子你不努力，机遇是不会来的。If you don't work hard，no_fortune_will_come.10．at any rate 无论如何；不管怎样；反正，至少  at this/that rate照此情形；如此下去at the/a rate of以……的速度或比率；以……的价格at a high rate 以高价a high rate of unemployment 高失业率[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①We may miss the next bus，but at any rate we'll get home on time.②At this/that rate，we will soon be bankrupt.③Our money was running out in an alarming rate.in→at[链接写作]——完成句子世界能源的需求量正以每年百分之三的速度递增。World energy demand is increasing at_a_rate_of_about_3%_ per_year.(at a rate of)11．wipe out 彻底毁灭；全部摧毁  wipe away 擦去；揩去；消除wipe off 擦掉；除掉wipe up 擦干，擦掉(落下的某物或溅出的液体等)wipe sth.down/wipe down sth.(用湿布)彻底擦干净[基础练习]——单句语法填空①The dirt on the floor is not easy to wipe away.②Would you please wipe the dust off the table?[链接写作]——完成句子你最好把地板上的牛奶擦干净，免得滑倒人。You'd better wipe_up_the_milk on the floor before someone slips in it.(wipe up)12．at all costs 不惜代价地，无论如何  (1)at the cost/expense of...丧失，牺牲；以……为代价at a cost of...以……的费用/价格at any cost以任何代价(2)cost sb.sth.花某人……，使某人付出/丧失[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Don't give in to their demands at the cost of your own.②He bought a computer at a cost of 5,000 yuan.③This is the lowest price.We are selling at cost already.④I tell you in good faith that I want to get this set of stamps at any costs.costs→cost[链接写作]——完成句子这项工作是如此重要，以至于我们必须不惜一切代价按时完成。The work is so important that we_must_finish_it_on_time_at_ all_costs.13．(教材P34)_It_is_compulsory_for_winners_to_be_tested but other participants are only tested at random.获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。  [句法句式]for winners to be tested为动词不定式作主语。winners是不定式to be tested的逻辑主语，winners与test之间为被动关系，因此，使用不定式的被动形式。不定式的被动形式为“to be＋过去分词”，表示其逻辑主语是动作的承受者，具有被动含义。在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语或补语等。在下列结构中，虽为被动意义，却应使用主动结构：(1)在“主语＋be＋ easy/difficult/interesting/heavy/nice/fit＋to do sth.”结构中。(2)在find/make/feel/think/suppose/expect＋宾语＋宾补＋to do sth.结构中。(3)在“疑问代词＋不定式”的结构中。[金句推送]　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) ...it's impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion.……当谈论流行时装时，不可能不谈及作为主要角色的中国。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①It was impossible for lost time to_be_made(make) up.②The man is easy to_deal(deal) with.③I don't know what to_do(do)．④Nowadays it's important of us students to master a foreign language.of→for[链接写作]——完成句子这个句子很容易翻译。It is an easy sentence to_translate.14．(教材P34)The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。   [句法句式]rather than为并列连词，意为“而不是，与其……不如……”，这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即rather than前后两部分在成分和形式上应当一致。常用句型[名师点津]　rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。[金句推送]　(2018·江苏卷)When a dark­colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one，customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.当一个黑色的蛋糕而不是白色的放在黑色的盘子上，顾客认为更甜更美味可口。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①She preferred to_stay(stay) at home rather than go shopping with him.②Mary，rather than you，is(be) to blame for not finishing the work on time.③If you are one of them，I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than complain.complain→complaining[链接写作]——一句多译我宁愿去打篮球也不愿去钓鱼。①I prefer_to_play_basketball_rather_than_go_fishing.(prefer to do...rather than do)②I would_play_basketball_rather_than_go_fishing.(would do...rather than do)③I would_rather_play_basketball_than_go_fishing.(would rather do...than do)多维训练——夯实基础维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空1．Fortunately(fortunate)，the weather of that winter was reasonably mild.2．He declined to_give(give) any information on the Presidential election.3．Completed projects must be_submitted(submit) by 10 March.4．Nobody can tolerate being_cheated(cheat)，and that's why he has no friend.5．Equipped(equip) with new scientific farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词1．He bought fame at the cost of health and happiness.2．Only in this way can we wipe out the enemy troops.3．It is necessary for us to examine the papers before handing them in.4．We can't submit to the fate.Instead，we should take a positive attitude to the present situation.5．He bought the sweater at a cost of 80 yuan，and it was a real bargain.维度3——查缺补漏1．In my opinion，we should have our eyes examined (examine) once a year.2．She insisted that she had remained faithful (faith) to her husband.3．He rebuilt(rebuild) the engine using parts from cars that had been scrapped.4．She saved him from being_drowned (drown)，but only at the cost of her own life.5．Look！The store is_being_rebuilt (rebuild)． 语篇练习——提升能力提能一　单元话题语篇练根据教材课文P34内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Athletic performances have 1.continually (continue) improved since the first Olympic Games.However，improvements 2.have_begun (begin) to slow down recently.While 3.talking (talk) about breaking records，we come across the issue of performance­enhancing drugs，4.which are originally developed to help people with illness，but they are often used by some athletes to perform 5.better (well) than usual.In other words，doping is a fundamental from of cheating.6.Unfortunately (unfortunate)，it is difficult to catch athletes 7.using (use) illegal drugs.The winners have to be tested 8.while other participants are only tested 9.at random.New drugs are developed all the time and drug tests for sporting events are often one step behind.In the future another issue is gene­therapy.Athletes who have their genes 10.changed (change) might perform much better in the match.In today's world，if doping and gene­therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events，the Olympic spirit will have lost its meaning.提能二　单元话题写作练1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)①据说昨天三名强盗抢劫了一家银行的一笔巨款。It was said that three robbers had_robbed_a_bank_of_a_large _fortune yesterday.②警方迅速封锁( block)主要道路，并禁止可疑车辆通行。The police immediately blocked the main roads and prohibited_the_ suspect_cars_from_passing.③对这样的犯罪行为，警方必须不惜任何代价清除。The police must wipe_them_out_at_all_costs as for such crimes.④目前，警方正在搜寻有关信息。At present，the police are_seeking_the_information.2．升级平淡句用简单句短语升级1中的①Three robbers were_said_to_have_robbed a bank of a large fortune yesterday.3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：therefore，at present)Three robbers were said to have robbed a bank of a large fortune yesterday.Therefore，the police immediately blocked the main roads and prohibited the suspect cars from passing.The police must wipe out them at all costs as for such crimes.At present，the police are seeking the information.