2021版新高考英语（北师大版）一轮复习教师用书：选修8Unit22EnvironmentalProtection

三言两语1.We can find us in an exciting world every day，with the sun shining brightly，green trees growing and flowers coming out with all kinds of colors.2．He has agreed to come on condition that there won't be any publicity.3．We are very proud of ourselves，believing we can make more contributions to a better world.1.没有你的帮助，我是不可能通过考试的。Without your help，I wouldn't_have_ passed_the_test.2．过去30年见证了中国的快速发展。The_last_30_years_have_witnessed/seen the rapid development of China. [单词　拼写应用]核心单词1．trap vt.使困住2．claim vt.声称3．condemn vt.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地；谴责，指责4．seize vt.依法没收；(用武力)夺取5．rough adj.艰难的6．substitute n．代替品，代用品7．advocate vt.主张，提倡8．boycott n．(联合)抵制9．reserve n．储备；保护区  10．principle n．原理；道德准则11．relevant  adj.有关的；相关的12．agriculture n. 农业；农艺，农学13．sacrifice  vt.牺牲；献出14．recycle  vt.回收利用15．changeable  adj.多变的16．means n. 手段；方法    17．construct vt.建造18．potential n. 可能性，潜在性19．adopt vt.采用20．considerate adj.体贴的；考虑周到的21．allocate vt.分配，配置22．calculate vt.计算；算出[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空。1．In the conference last week many experts advocated(advocate) rewarding your child for good behaviour.2．Boycotting(boycott) is not the aim，but a means.3．She seized(seize) on my suggestion and began work immediately.4．Ray changed his mind，claiming(claim) that he had been forced into confessing.5．The stream has frozen up; you can see the fish trapped(trap) in the ice.6．She was the only politician to_condemn(condemn) the proposed law on moral grounds.拓展单词1．coincidence n．巧合→coincident adj.同时发生的2．finance n．资金→financial adj.财政的，金融的3．reserve n．保护区vt.保留；预订→reserved adj.预定的；保留的→reservation n．预订；保留4．threat n．威胁→threaten vt.威胁5．separate vt.分离；分开adj.不同的；各自的→separation n．分离，分开6．adopt vt.采用；收养→adoption n．采用；收养7．allocate vt.分配；配给→allocation n．分配；配给8．politics n．政治(活动)→political adj.政治的→politician n．政治家9．consider v．考虑→considerate adj.想得周到的；体贴的→consideration n．考虑；体贴[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式或所给提示填空。1．At last，I consider we should take on responsibility for ourselves and the people who involved in，we need to be considerate and thoughtful.(consider)2．The chemical company threaten the living condition，and the threat can be serious.(threat) 3．With the acceleration of globalization process on economy and finance，financial competition became severely.(finance) 4．And just in pure political terms，no politician wants to do that.(politics) 5．When we were told the table we reserved had been occupied，we were angry and didn't want to cancel our reservation.(reserve)6．We left in separate direction，and the separation made the two of us upset.(separate)7．Mr White is the adopted son of Mrs Green，who adopted him when his parents died 20 years ago.Thanks to her adoption，Mr.White could receive a good education and became an engineer.(adopt)8．A large sum has been allocated for buying new books for the library.The allocation is of great importance to our school library's construction.(allocate)阅读单词1．ecology n．生态2．botanical adj.植物的3．consensus  n．一致的意见4．consultant n．顾问5．drought n．旱灾6．federal adj.联邦的7．conservation n．保护8．bounce  vi.反弹9．hurricane n．飓风10．hook n．钩子，钩11．grand adj.巨大的12．arm vt.武装13．rainfall n．降雨量14．fragile adj.易毁的；脆弱的15．cubic adj.立方的1．(广东卷)Conservation and research work with teams of volunteers on nature reserves in South America and Africa.(野生生物)保护区2．①They seized the airport in a surprise attack.夺取，占领②The court ordered the company's fund to be seized.没收3．A calf was offered up as a sacrifice to the goddess.供品，祭品4．The woman trapped him into giving away the business secret.诱骗[短语　多维应用]高频短语1._earn_one's_living 谋生2．as_a_matter_of_fact 实际上3．look_ahead展望未来，向前看4．result_in导致5．break_away_from摆脱，脱离6．a_number_of一些7．beyond_one's_control超出某人的控制8．take_action 采取行动[语境运用]　选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。In order to ①earn_their_living，②a_number_of the parents of our students went to work in big cities.They earned more money but their absence ③resulted_in their children's bad performance at school.④As_a_matter_of_fact，some children got beyond their grandparents' control.9.sum_up总结，概括10．on_one's_behalf_代表……11．lead_to引起，导致12．apart_from除……以外13．answer_for(对已产生的不良后果)负责任14．carry_off掠去，夺走15．call_for_an_end_to_sth. 要求结束某事16．refer_to指，意即[语境运用]　选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。With more and more factories built in my hometown，a lot of agricultural land has been ⑤carried_off，which has ⑥led_to the rise of the produce's price.⑦Apart_from this，the air and rivers have been polluted.Obviously，the factories should ⑧answer_for the consequences.So on behalf of the villagers' benefit，the local government has decided to ⑨call_for_an_end_to the factories' illegal behaviours.[句式　结构仿写]教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1.given作介词或连词Given this data，it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.考虑到他们没有经验，他们的工作算做得很好了。Given_that_they_are_inexperienced，they've done a good job.2.拟人修辞手法The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale，and experts are predicting far worse to come.天安门前这两只石狮见证了许多重大历史事件。The_two_stone_lions_standing_in_front_of_Tian'anmen_have_seen many great historic events.1．reserve vt.储备；保留；预定 n．储备；贮藏；保护区 (1)reserve sth. for...为……保留某物in reserve备用(2)reservation n．预订；保留意见without reservation毫无保留地make a reservation预订，预约nature reserve        自然保护区reserve your strength  留点力气[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Beijing was once a city of bikes，known as the Bicycle Kingdom，where cars were_reserved (reserve) for official business and the politically powerful.②Frankly speaking，I have little money in reserve.③I recommend him without reservation as I believe you will appreciate his ability in his studies.④“It's such a nice place，” Mother said as she sat at the table reserving for customers.reserving→reserved[链接写作]——完成句子在美国，多乘员汽车有专行道。In the United States lanes are_reserved_for_cars_with more than one occupant.(be reserved for)2．seize vt.抓住；捉住；(用武力)夺取；依法没收 seize sb.by the＋身体部位　抓住某人某个部位seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会seize sth.from sb.从某人那里夺走/抢走某物be seized with 患病；突然感到seize sb.by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊seize a thief     抓小偷seize power     夺权[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Maggie seized the letter from her and began to read out loudly.②He seized her by the arm.③He was seized with a cold.④Before he could run away，she seized him by his collar.his→the[链接写作]——完成句子我会抓住这次绝好的机会出国深造。I will_seize_the_golden_chance to go abroad for further study.3．substitute vt. & vi. (用……)替代；取代 n．代替品，代用品 (1)substitute A for B＝substitute B with/by A 用A代替/取代Bsubstitute for 代替，取代(2)a substitute for...……的替代者a milk substitute  代乳制品a substitute teacher 代课老师[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①As the saying goes，in war，there is no substitute for victory.②Can you substitute for the singer who is ill?③She is seeking a substitute with the very man whose departure made her cry.with→for[链接写作]——一句多译在我看来，我们必须用一把新椅子换掉这把坏椅子。①As far as I'm concerned，we must substitute_a_new_chair_for_ the_broken_one. (substitute...for)②As far as I'm concerned，we must substitute_the_broken_chair_ with_a_new _one.(substitute...with)4．trap vt.使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困障 n．陷阱；圈套；捕捉机  (1)trap sb.into (doing) sth.使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套be/get trapped in被困在……中(2)fall into the trap of doing sth.落入……的圈套set/lay a trap for  为……设圈套get out of a trap   摆脱圈套[一词多义]——写出下列句中trap的词性及含义①The only thing the wolf could do was climbing up to the ground from the trap.n.陷阱 ②It's no longer possible to trap a sensible man into marriage.vt.诱骗，使陷入圈套 ③The police set a trap to catch the thief.n.圈套  ④Some miners were trapped underground after the collapse.vt.使陷入困境[基础练习]——单句改错Having been trapping in traffic ，he was late for work. trapping→trapped[链接写作]——完成句子很容易掉进这样一个陷阱：你很想多谈论你的问题。It's easy to fall_into_the_trap of wanting to talk on and on about your problem.5．advocate vt.主张，提倡 n．提倡者，拥护者  advocate (doing) sth.提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocate that...主张……[从句谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形]be an advocate for/of……拥护者advocate rewarding your child for good behavior 提倡对孩子的良好表现加以奖励[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①We advocate solving(solve) the Syria issue by negotiations.②As president，Bush was also a strong advocate for immigration reform.③The report advocated that all buildings were fitted with smoke detectors.were→be[链接写作]——句式升级(普通表达)They advocate that they (should) reduce air pollution.(高级表达)They advocate_reducing air pollution.(简单句)(高级表达)It_is_advocated_that they should reduce air pollution.(it作形式主语)6．adopt vt.采用，采纳；收养 (1)adopt a policy/habit 采用某项政策/习惯(2)adopted adj.被收养的；被采用的adoptable adj.可收养的，可采用的adoption n．采用，采纳；收养adopt a child  领养孩子adopt one's suggestion 采纳某人的建议the adopted son   养子[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①The new policy is expected to_be_adopted_(adopt)at the next meeting.②Danny is their adopted(adopt) son.③She refused to give the child up for adoption(adopt)．④The new technology has been more widely adapted.adapted→adopted[链接写作]——完成句子结果，他们采纳了我的建议，一切像计划好的一样顺利。As a result，they adopted_my_advice，and everything went well as planned.7．means  n. 方式，方法；手段 by means of借助……的手段by all means可以，当然行；尽一切办法，务必by no means决不，一点也不(置于句首，其后要倒装)by this means用这种方法[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.②Only by this means is it possible to persuade him.③As is known to us all，Marry succeeded by means of hard working.④They have tried all means，which is possibly helpful.is→are[链接写作]——句式升级I'll forgive you this time，but you shall by no means make the mistake again.I'll forgive you this time，but by_no_means_shall_you_make_the _mistake_again.(倒装句)8．coincidence n．巧合；同时发生；一致  (1)by coincidence碰巧，巧合的是……It is/was a coincidence that...……是巧合的What a coincidence！真巧！(2)coincide v．巧合coincide with...与……同时发生，一致(3)coincident adj.巧合的；一致的[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①By coincidence，we arrived here at the same time.②The two murder cases were so similar to each other; it was not a coincidence at all.③The results of theory is coincident (coincidence) with that of experiment.④With coincidence a bus arrived as we reached the empty bus stop，but we ignored it.With→By[链接写作]——完成句子我今天下午的两个面试时间上错不开。My two interviews this afternoon coincide_with_each_other. (coincide with)9．considerate adj.体贴的；想得周到的  (1)be considerate to/toward/of sb.体贴某人It's considerate of sb.to do sth.某人做某事真是周到be considerate to do sth.(做某事)周到的，体贴的(2)consider vt.考虑；认为consider doing sth.考虑做某事consider sb.(to be/as)．..认为某人是……all things considered综观一切，将一切考虑在内(3)considerable adj.相当大的；相当多的(4)considering prep.& conj. 考虑到，鉴于be considerate to the old  对老人很体贴take sth.into consideration  考虑到某事[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Since I am now preparing for the College Entrance Examination，my mother is very considerate of me.②I seriously considered resigning(resign)．③Considered the strength of the opposition，we did very well to score two goals.Considered→Considering[链接写作]——句式升级(普通表达)He took all the aspects into consideration and designed a good pattern.(高级表达)Taking_all_the_aspects_into_consideration，he designed a good pattern.(现在分词作状语)(高级表达)All_the_aspects_taken_into_consideration，he designed a good pattern.(独立主格)10．refer to 涉及，提及；谈到；参考；查阅；指的是  (1)refer to sb./sth.提及某人/事refer to the dictionary/notes查词典/笔记(2)reference n．提及；征求；查阅make a reference to提到，谈到reference book参考书refer to the notes   参阅笔记refer to global warming提到全球气候变暖[一词多义]——写出下列句中refer to的含义①Don't refer to this matter again，please.提及②For further particulars，please refer to Chapter Ten.查阅③Excuse me，what do these words in brackets refer to？指的是[基础练习]——单句改错The book referred to crime was bought last week.referred→referring[链接写作]——完成句子提到的那本书不在图书馆。The book referred_to is not in the library.11．lead to 引起，导致，造成(后果)；通向  lead sb.to sth.引领某人lead sb.to do sth.引导某人做某事lead the way领路；处于领先地位lead sb.by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走lead a...life过着……的生活[基础练习]——单句语法填空①You may wonder how paving a road can lead to less useable fresh water.②I want to know what led you to_take(take) up acting as a career.③The old couple lead a happy life now.[链接写作]——完成句子什么使得你得出了这个结论？What led_you_to_this_conclusion？(lead sb.to)12．answer for 对……负责；为……受谴责  in answer (to sth.)＝as a reply 作为回应answer (sb.) back 反驳；回嘴；顶嘴answer to sb.(for sth.) 向某人(为某事)负责；对某人承担(某事的)责任[基础练习]——单句语法填空①The doctor came at once in answer to my phone call.②Stop answering your mother back![链接写作]——完成句子必须让他为严重罪行付出代价。He must be made to answer_for_his_terrible_crimes.(answer for)13．in turn 依次；轮流；反过来  by turns 轮流，交替地take turns doing/to do sth.轮流做某事it's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事in return 作为回报in return for...作为……的回报[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①He gets cheerful and depressed by turns.②The pupils took turns(turn) reading out their compositions.③I am on duty today，it's my turn to_clean(clean) the classroom.④When it was my turns to speak，my confidence suddenly deserted me.turns→turn[链接写作]——一句多译他们轮流开车。①They_took_turns_to_drive_the_car.②They_took_turns_in_driving_the_car.③They_drove_the_car_by_turns.14．(教材P6)Given_this_data，it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.鉴于这些数据，看起来人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅是巧合。  [句法句式]本句中given为介词，意思为“鉴于……”(表示原因)。另外，它还可以与that连用，构成连词，引导原因状语从句。引导原因状语从句的这类连词还有：considering (that) 鉴于，考虑到seeing that 既然，鉴于[名师点津]　下列连词引导的是条件状语从句：assuming(that)；provided/providing(that)；suppose/supposing(that)[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Given(give) that he supports us，we'll win the election.②Considering(consider) he was still a boy，I forgave him.③I will agree to go provided/providing_(provide) that my expenses are paid.④Supposed that you come into a lot of money，what would you do then？Supposed→Supposing[链接写作]——完成句子考虑到你生病了，我们最好推迟会议。Given_that_you_are_sick，we'd better put off the meeting.15．(教材P10)The_last_few_years_have_seen environmental disasters on a grand scale，and experts are predicting far worse to come.近几年一些环境灾难大规模出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。 [句法句式]句中the last few years作主语，see作谓语，意为“经历；目睹”，这种拟人修辞手法表达既简练又生动。拟人修辞手法把事物人格化，使本来不具备人的动作和感情的一些动、植物变得像人一样能说能笑。英语中使用拟人修辞手法的句子，主语通常是表示时间、地点或心爱之物，如车、船等的名词；谓语动词常为see，witness，find等。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①The last 30 years have_witnessed(witness) the rapid development of China.②The National Day of this year saw(see) so many traffic jams on the expressway.[链接写作]——完成句子我们的城市四季分明，阳光和雨量充沛，但在冬天，你可能会觉得有点儿冷。Our city witenessed four_different_seasons，plenty of sunshine and good rainfall，but in winter you may feel a little cold.多维训练——夯实基础维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空1．There is a narrow road leading(lead)to the old house.2．As teachers，we should be considerate(consider) of our students' feelings.And then they will trust us.3．Given(give)that there is no traffic delay，I will be here on time.4．Soon the adopted(adopt) child became very fond of her adoptive parents.5．To release advocates reading(read) aloud to children as soon as possible.维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词1．It isn't wise to spend all your salaries every month.Keep some money in reserve，just in case.2．Language is the carrier of culture and in turn it's influenced by culture.3．If you go on doing this，we won't answer for the consequence.4．That kind of luck is not real and only happens by coincidence.5．The room connects with the dining hall by means of a hallway.维度3——查缺补漏1．I never felt I achieved a great deal in my life，apart from bringing(bring) my children into the world.2．If there had been any talking，it would have_caused (cause) us to learn less.3．As we joined the big crowd I got separated (separate) from my friends.4．All in all，it has been a pretty bad year for him.5．These comments are not directly relevant to this enquiry.语篇练习——提升能力提能一　单元话题语篇练根据教材课文P6内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earth's temperature，1.which  in turn leads to climate change.Scientists hold the view that it could be one of the biggest problems 2.facing (face) the 21st century.Some of the scientists have reported that it is human beings that 3.are_causing (cause) changes in the Earth's climate；for in the last 50 years，gases 4.pumped (pump) into the Earth's atmosphere by the factories and  vehicles have been speeding up the process of global warming.It seems that the link between human activities and 5.rising (rise) global temperatures is not 6.merely (mere) a coincidence according to some date.If we continue to produce carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge 7.quantities (quantity)，we are condemning life on Earth 8.and should expect severe consequences.After all，there's no substitute 9.for our Earth，so each person should take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide together with the governments 10.to_save (save) the Earth.提能二　单元话题写作练1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)①上周一自然保护区的一头狮子挣脱牢笼逃离动物园，此事引起了人们的恐慌。Last_Monday_saw_that_a_lion_from_the_natural_reserve_broke_away_from_its_cage and fled the zoo and it led to a panic.②据说失去控制的狮子非常危险。The_lion_which_could_not_be_controlled_was_believed to be very dangerous.③鉴于人们的生命受到威胁，警方主张孩子们除了乘车上学外均须待在家里。Given_that_people's_lives_were_threatened，the police advocated that children should stay at home apart from going to school by bus.④最终，因为警方采用一位猎人的方法，把这头狮子困在了陷阱里。At last，adopting_a_hunter's_means，the police trapped the lion in a trap.⑤要是没有这位猎人的帮助，这头狮子不会这么快被捉住。Without the hunter's help，the lion couldn't_have_been_caught_ so_soon.2．升级平淡句(1)用定语从句升级1中的①Last Monday saw that a lion from the natural reserve broke away from its cage and fled the zoo，which_led_to_a_panic.(2)用介词短语升级1中的②The lion beyond_control was believed to be very dangerous.3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：at last)Last Monday saw that a lion from the natural reserve broke away from its cage and fled the zoo，which led to a panic.The lion beyond control was believed to be very dangerous.Given that people's lives were threatened，the police advocated that children should stay at home apart from going to school by bus.At last，adopting a hunter's means，the police trapped the lion in a trap.Without the hunter's help，the lion couldn't have been caught so soon.