2021版英语全能大一轮复习人教版讲义：语法精讲强化系列八名词性从句

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语法精讲强化系列

八、名词性从句

考纲解读

名词性从句是高考常考的语法项目, 主要考查对连接词的正确把握。分析历年高考试题不难发现, 连接代词what的用法是考查的热点。另外, 在同位语从句中, 经常考查that的用法。除此之外, 其他连接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查。同时还要弄清名词性从句与定语从句及状语从句的区别。

考题链接

单句语法填空

1. (2019·北京高考)I suggest that you begin from Beijing, and I’ll show you around.

2. (2019·江苏高考)Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine?

3. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m not sure who is more frightened,  me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.

解题思路

做题时, 具体思路如下:

1. 通读全句, 首先弄清句子结构。若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间, 没有句号或分号, 也没有连词, 那么空格处必定是填连词, 否则, 句子结构不完整。

2. 根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系, 或者根据句式结构, 确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句。

3. 一旦判定是名词性从句, 就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连词, 若从句缺少主语和宾语, 用连接代词。 若缺状语就用连接副词; 如果不缺成分则要考虑意思是否完整, 是否需要用whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整则用that。

考点清单

考点1 主语从句

1. that连接主语从句时,  没有具体意思,  不充当句子成分,  只是起连接作用,  但that不能省略。what引导时,  既要在从句中充当成分,  又要有意义。

*It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.

我从来没想到你会成功地说服他改变主意。

2. whether连接从句时,  表示怀疑,  不能省略,  意为“是否”,  在句首时不能用if替换。

*It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.

旧公交车站是否应该被重建为现代化的宾馆的问题仍然在商讨中。

3. 连接代词、连接副词引导主语从句时不能省略,  并在从句中充当句子成分。

*It was never clear why the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.

这个人为什么没有尽快报道这个事故,  还不清楚。

4. 主语从句要用陈述语序,  即主谓语序。

【点津】(1)用it作形式主语的常用句型有: 

①It+系动词+形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/ wrong/important/certain等)+that从句

②It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)+that从句

③It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)+that从句

④It+特殊动词(seems,  appears,  happens,  matters)+that从句

*It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.

很遗憾我错过了昨晚举行的聚会。

*It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness.

据报道,  该事故源于(司机的)粗心(驾驶)。

(2)在It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/ ordered+that从句结构中,  从句用“(should+)动词原形”。

用适当的连词填空

(2019·北京高考)______ students do at college seems to matter much more than where they go.  

解题关键: 根据语境可知, 此处为主语从句, 从句中动词do没有宾语, 应用what。

答案判定: What

考点2 宾语从句

1. that连接宾语从句时通常可以省略(但多个并列的宾语从句中只能省略第一个that),  没有具体的意思,  不充当句子成分,  只是起连接作用。what引导时,  既要在从句中充当成分,  又有意义。

*I’m writing to tell you that my uncle is going to your city for a conference.

我写信是想告诉你, 我叔叔要去你的城市开会。

2. 在whether/if连接的宾语从句中,  whether/if意为“是否”, 但在whether. . . or not结构中,  或者whether引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时,  以及whether+to do结构中和whether引导的从句作少数动词(如leave,  put,  discuss,  doubt等)的宾语时,  只能用whether,  不能用if来替换。

*We’ve offered her the job,  but I don’t know whether she’ll accept it. 我们已经为她提供了这份工作,  但我不知道她是否会接受。

*I don’t know whether to leave or not.

我不知道是否要离开。

3. 连接代词、连接副词引导宾语从句时不能省略,  并在从句中充当句子成分。

*Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 老师总是告诉我们,  如果想要成功,  就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们是谁。

4. 有些动词或动词短语,  如like,  appreciate,  depend on,  see to等,  一般不直接跟从句,  需要借助it。

*You may depend on it that she will go with you.

你可以相信她会与你一起去。

5. 当主句的主语是第一人称时,  在think,  believe,  suppose,  expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的,  就运用否定转移,  将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上。

*I don’t believe she will attend the meeting.

我认为她不会来参加该会议。

6. it作形式宾语,  真正的宾语后置, it后面必须有名词或形容词作宾语补足语, 常用此种结构的及物动词有find,  make,  think,  feel,  consider等。

*I find it important that we should keep calm in face of danger. 我发现我们在危险面前保持镇静是很重要的。

7. 不论主句为何种句型,  宾语从句都用陈述语序。

(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) So,  slow down and think ______you really want to do at that moment.  

解题关键: 根据语境可知, 此处为宾语从句, 其中do缺少宾语, 应用代词what。

答案判定: what

考点3 表语从句

1.  that连接表语从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句,  that不能省略,  没有具体的意思,  不充当句子成分,  只是起连接作用。what引导时,  既要在从句中充当成分,  又有意义。

*The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things.

最后的结果是, 我们感觉我们没能集中注意力或我们关注的是错误的事情。

2. whether连接表语从句时从句来源于一般疑问句,  为一个句意完整、语气不确定的陈述句。whether不能省略,  意为“是否”,  不能用if替换。

*His question is whether they can be friends.

他的问题是, 他们能否成为朋友。

3. 连接代词、连接副词引导表语从句时连接词不能省略,  并在从句中充当句子成分。

*I’d like to start my own business—that’s what I’d do if I had the money. 如果我有这么多钱,  我会自己做买卖,  那就是我想做的事情。

4. 表语从句要用陈述语序,  即主谓语序。

【点津】常见的表语从句句型

(1)It looks/seems as if. . . 好像……;  仿佛……

(2)This is because. . . 这是因为……(强调原因)

(3)The reason why. . . is that. . . ……的原因是……

(4)That is why. . . 那就是……的原因(强调结果)

(5)The question/problem is whether/when/where. . . 问题是……

(6)His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that. . .

他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是……

(7)what从句+be+that从句

例如:  What surprised us most was that he came late again.

单句语法填空

(2019•全国卷Ⅱ)This is ______motivation or the lack of it can do.  

解题关键: 根据语境可知, 此处为表语从句, 其中表语从句缺少宾语, 应用what。

答案判定: what

考点4 同位语从句

　　在名词性从句中,  同位语从句是比较难理解的一种从句,  需要注意掌握其以下可能考查的方向。

1. that连接同位语从句时, 从句为一个句意完整的陈述句,  that不能省略,  没有具体的意思,  不充当句子成分,  只起连接作用。what引导时,  既要在从句中充当成分,  又有意义。另外,  注意定语从句中的引导词that也要在从句中作成分(主语、宾语)。

*When the news came that the war broke out,  he decided to serve in the army.

当战争爆发的消息传来时,  他决定到军队中服役。

2. 连接代词、连接副词引导同位语从句时连接词不能省略,  并在从句中充当句子成分。

*The question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。

3. 同位语从句要用陈述语序,  即主谓语序。

单句语法填空

(2019•天津3月高考)The opinion ______learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years.   

解题关键: 根据语境可知, 句中 learning is a lifelong process为the opinion的同位语从句, 表明其内容, 且该同位语从句成分和意思完整, 应用that引导。

答案判定: that

Ⅰ. 用适当的词填空

1. (2018·天津高考)The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.

2. (2019·江苏高考)Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.

Ⅱ. 完成句子

3. (2019·天津3月高考)You should respect the views of others, and at the same time insist on what you think is right. 你应该尊重别人的观点, 同时坚持你认为正确的。 

4. (2018·江苏高考)By boat is the only way to get here,  which is how we arrived.  

乘船是到达这里唯一的途径, 我们就是这样来的。

5. (2019·天津6月高考)Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t make out what he was saying.   

凯特在背景中听到一个男人的声音, 但她听不清楚他在说什么。

基础题组

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate what is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.

2. We must find out when Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.

3. A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not what ships are built for.

4. You have to know where you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.

5. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.

Ⅱ.  单句改错

1. Seeing that was happening on the scene,  I made a rush for the woman to help.               (that改为what)

2. My math teacher copied a challenging problem on the blackboard and asked the whole class whether there would be one student who knew what to work it out.               (what改为how)

3. After five hours’ drive,  they reached where they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.               (where改为what)

4. Many parents are wondering what it is what draws their sons’ attention on the QQ chat on the Internet.               (第二个what改为that)

5. Everyone agreed to his suggestion which we should hold a meeting to talk about the problem.               (which改为that)

语篇题组

Ⅰ. 语法填空

　　阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Two brothers,  Herbert and James,  lived together with a cat named Edgar.

James was 1. __________(particular)devoted to the cat,  and when he had to leave town for several days,  he left Herbert careful 2. __________(instruct)about the cat’s care.  3. __________ the end of his first day away,  James telephoned his brother,  “How is Edgar ” he asked.  

“Edgar is 4. __________(die), ” Herbert answered.  Then James said,  “Herbert,  you’re insensitive(漠不关心的).  You know 5. __________ close I was to Edgar.  You should have broken the news to me 6. __________(slow).  When I asked about Edgar tonight,  you should have said,  ‘Edgar’s on the roof,  but I have called the fire department 7. __________(get)him down. ’ And tomorrow when I called,  you could have said the firemen were having trouble 8. ________(take)the pet down,  but you were hopeful they would succeed.  Then when I called the third time,  you could have told me that the firemen have done their best,  but 9. ______ (fortunate)Edgar had fallen off the roof and was at the veterinarian’s(兽医站).  Then when I called the last time,  you could have said that 10. __________ everything possible had been done for Edgar,  he had died.  That’s the way you should have told me about Edgar. ” 

【文章大意】本篇看似是记叙文, 实际却是一篇说明文: 如何将坏消息告诉他人, 尤其告诉那些与这个坏消息相关的人。本文讲的说得简单点就是“如何报丧”。

1. 【解析】particularly。考查词性转换(副词)。修饰devoted要用副词, 故填particularly。句意: 詹姆斯特别喜欢这只猫。

2. 【解析】instructions。考查词性转换(名词)。形容词careful要修饰名词, 故填instructions(可数名词, 说明肯定不止一条, 故用复数形式)。句意: 有一次他要外出几天, 他就给郝伯特留下了把猫照顾好的说明。

3. 【解析】At。考查介词短语。at the end of在……结尾/末尾, 在……末端。句意: 出门后的头一天晚上, 詹姆斯给他兄弟打来电话询问: “埃德格好吗 ”。

4. 【解析】dead。考查词性转换(形容词)。根据倒数第二句he had died. 可知Edgar死了, be dead死了, 形容词作表语。句意: 埃德格死了。

5. 【解析】how。考查名词性从句。从句中不缺主要成分, 要用连接副词引导宾语从句, how修饰形容词close。句意: 郝伯特, 你真没心没肺。你知道的, 我跟埃德格是多么的亲近。

6. 【解析】slowly。考查词性转换(副词)。修饰前面的动词broken, 要用副词, 故填slowly。句意: 你本应该把这个消息慢慢地告诉我的。

7. 【解析】to get。考查非谓语动词。动词不定式作目的状语。句意: 当我问起埃德格今晚怎样时, 你应该说: 埃德格爬上了屋顶, 我已给消防队打了电话, 让他们把它救下来。

8. 【解析】taking。考查非谓语动词。have trouble (in) doing sth. 固定短语, 在做某事上有困难。故答案为taking。句意: 我明天又给你打电话时, 你就应该说消防队营救埃德格遇到了困难, 但你相信他们会成功。

9. 【解析】unfortunately。考查词性转换(副词)。修饰整个句子要用副词, 还要注意从语境来看, 要填意义相反的词, 故填unfortunately。句意: 在我第三天给你打电话时, 你就可以说消防队员已尽了最大努力。但很不幸, 埃德格从屋顶上掉了下来, 被送到兽医那里。

10. 【解析】although/though/while。考查状语从句。上下文存在逻辑上的让步关系, 故填although/though/while。句意: 在我最后一次给你打电话询问时, 你就可以说尽管对埃德格做了一切所能做的努力, 但它还是死了。

Ⅱ.  短文改错

Dear Mr Wang,

I’m Li Hua,  a Senior 3 student in our school.  I’m sorry to disturb you,  and I have to ask a favor of you in the hope you will be so kind to help me.

Ever since last month,  my mother hadn’t allowed me to surf the Internet.  In her opinion,  it is the waste of time surfing the Internet and also affects my study.  However,  I don’t agree with him.  With the Internet I can easily find the informations I need;  I can compare notes to my classmates if I meet with problems in my study.  Also I can share something that worry me with my friends,  which reduces my stress.  Facing with my mother’s rigid attitude,  how should I do ?

I really need your help!

Yours,

Li Hua

答案:

1. 【解析】第二句and改为but。考查连词。句意: 很抱歉打扰你, 但我得请你帮个忙, 希望你能好心帮助我。but常用在表示道歉的句子中。

2. 【解析】第二句hope后添加that 。考查名词性从句。“you will be so kind to help me. ”是名词的同位语从句, 句子成分和意思完整, 由that引起。故hope后添加that。

3. 【解析】第三句hadn’t改为hasn’t。根据时间状语“Ever since last month”可知, 句子用现在完成时; 主语“my mother”为单数。故hadn’t改为hasn’t。

4. 【解析】第四句the改为a。考查冠词。it is a waste of. . . 是固定搭配, 指“做某事是……的浪费”。故the改为a。

5. 【解析】第五句him改为her。考查代词。此处指“不同意妈妈的观点”。故him改为her。

6. 【解析】第六句informations改为information。考查名词。information是不可数名词, 不能使用复数形式。故informations改为information。

7. 【解析】第六句to改为with。考查介词。此处指“和同学们交换意见”, compare notes with sb. (与……)交换意见。故to改为with。

8. 【解析】第七句worry改为worries。考查主谓一致。此句运用了定语从句, 先行词是something, that引导定语从句, 在从句中作主语, 所以谓语用单数。故worry改为worries。

9. 【解析】第八句去掉with或Facing改为Faced。考查固定搭配。face是及物动词, 主语I与face之间是主动关系, 所以用现在分词作状语。faced with是固定搭配, 指“面对着”。故去掉with或Facing改为Faced。

10. 【解析】第八句how改为what。考查疑问词。句意: 我该怎么办呢? 但是句子中do缺少宾语。故how改为what。

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