2021高三统考北师大版英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一编Book6Unit18Beauty


Unit 18　Beauty


1.This summer I had a travel in a desert and I was_struck_by the beauty of it.
今年夏天我在沙漠里旅行，我被它的美丽所震撼。
2.Only_when everything is in harmony with its surroundings can it be called beauty.
只有当一切都与周围的事物和谐相处时，它才能被称为美。
3.Everything has its beauty, but not_everyone sees it.
一切事物都有它的美好，但不是所有人都能发现。
4.A beautiful person is not the one with a good look, but the one with a broad and kind heart.
一个美丽的人并不是拥有美好的外表，而是要拥有一颗宽广而善良的心。
自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)superior (adj.) 高级的，上等的→super (adj.) 超级的，顶好的
(2)adore (vt.) 敬爱；非常喜欢
(3)consistent (adj.) 一致的，始终如一的→consist (v.) 组成→consistency (n.) 连贯性，一致性→consistently (adv.) 一致地，始终如一地
(4)commitment (n.) 责任，义务；承诺→commit (v.) 犯(错误、罪行等)；做出承诺；答应→committee (n.) 委员会
(5)accompany (vt.) 伴随，陪同→companion (n.) 同伴，伙伴
(6)range (n.) (数、量、年龄等的)变化范围
(7)command (n.& v．) 命令，指挥→commander (n.) 指挥官
(8)accessible (adj.) 易懂的，容易理解的→access (n.) 进入，使用权
(9)deliver (vt.) 递送，发表→delivery (n.) 递送
(10)thrill (n.) 兴奋；恐惧；激动 (v.) 使兴奋→thrilling (adj.) 令人心情激动的；很惊险的→thrilled (adj.) 非常兴奋的，极为激动的
(11)refresh (vt.) 消除……的疲劳，使振作精神→refreshing (adj.) 提神的，令人耳目一新的→refreshed (adj.) (感到)清爽的
(12)shabby (adj.) 低劣的；肮脏破烂的
(13)tendency (n.) 倾向，趋势→tend (vi.) 趋向；易于 (vt.) 照料
(14)vain (adj.) 自负的；徒劳的
(15)abrupt (adj.) 突然的，出其不意的
(16)disturbing (adj.) 使人烦恼的→disturb (vt.) 打扰，妨碍
(17)endless (adj.) 没完没了的，永无休止的→end (n.) 结尾 (v.) 结束
(18)freezing (adj.) 严寒的，冰冻的→freeze (v.) (使)结冰→frozen (adj.) 冻结的
(19)bend (v.) 弯曲→bent (adj.) 弯曲的
(20)vague (adj.) 模糊的
(21)convey (vt.) 传达，表达
(22)affection (n.) 爱慕，钟爱→affect (vt.) 影响
(23)treat (vt.) 对待→treatment (n.) 治疗；对待；处理
(24)manner (n.) 方式，方法
(25)strike (vt.) 打；打动 (n.) 罢工，打击→striking (adj.) 引人注目的，突出的
(26)recommend (vt.) 推荐，介绍→recommendation (n.) 推荐，介绍
Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)breathless (adj.) 喘不过气来→breath (n.) 呼出的气→breathe (v.) 呼吸
(2)vertical (adj.) 垂直的，竖的
(3)woollen (adj.) 羊毛制的→wool (n.) 羊毛
(4)slim (vi.) (通过节食、加强运动等)减肥 (adj.) 苗条的
(5)overweight (adj.) 过重的，超重的→weight (n.) 重量
(6)conscience (n.) 良心
(7)subjective (adj.) 主观的
(8)tasteless (adj.) 没有味道的→taste (n.) 味道 (v.) 品尝
(9)skateboard (vi.) 用滑板滑行
(10)delicate (adj.) 精美的，微妙的
(11)polished (adj.) 优雅的，精致的→polish (vt.) 擦亮；磨光；润色
(12)harsh (adj.) 刺耳的，刺眼的；严厉的
(13)steady (adj.) 平稳的；稳定的
(14)romantic (adj.) 浪漫的→romance (n.) 传奇，浪漫故事
(15)trap (vt.) 诱捕，使……陷入困境
(16)theme (n.) 主题
(17)evident (adj.) 明显的，明白的→evidence (n.) 明显；证据
(18)childish (adj.) 孩子气的，幼稚的
　[单句语法填空]
1.—Is David a man with good ________ (manner)？
—I don't think so. As a matter of fact, he is anything but polite.
答案：manners
2.There is a ________ (disturb) anxiety among people that inflation will continuously increase.
答案：disturbing
3.If what you say is not ________ (consist) with what you do, it will have a bad effect on your children.
答案：consistent
4.On a ________ cold night, the little girl was ________ to death in a street corner.(freeze)
答案：freezing; frozen
5.Not only does vitamin C provide us with the ability to fight against disease, but it also helps us build up our body. So, it is on my list of ________ (recommend).
答案：recommendation
6.Many people, who are tired of the fast and competitive urban life, have a ________ (tend) to long for the old way of rural life.
答案：tendency
7.In the back of our classroom stand some bookshelves on which are various magazines and reference books, making reading materials more ________ (access) to the students.
答案：accessible
8.She was held in deep ________ (affect) by all her students.
答案：affection
9.He adores ________ (listen) to music after class.
答案：listening
10.As is often the case, the little boy has gone to school with his dog ________ (accompany) him.
答案：accompanying
联想积累
前缀为re­的动词
①reflect反射，反映
②reappear 再现
③rearrange重新整理
④rebound弹回
⑤rebuild重建
⑥recall回想
⑦recount讲述，叙述
⑧recover重新获得
⑨redo再做
⑩reelect再次当选
⑪relive再次体验
⑫remake评论
⑬remind提醒
⑭replace取代，代替
⑮rediscover重新发现
⑯review审查，评论
⑰refresh 消除……的疲劳，使振作精神
⑱remove 拿走，脱掉

1.die_out 完全消失，灭绝
2.to_be_honest 说实话
3.deal_with 处理，应付
4.be_trapped_in 被困在……当中
5.be_tired_of 对……厌倦
6.in preparation for 为……作准备
7.rely on 依靠，依赖
8.in an instant 立即，马上；突然
9.hang on a second 稍等一下
10.bits and pieces (各种各样的)零碎东西；边角料
　[选词填空]
die out， in preparation for， rely on， deal with， to be honest， be trapped in， hang on a second， in an instant， bits and pieces， be tired of
1.He is packing his bags ________ the journey.
答案：in preparation for
2.At present, some rare animals are in danger of ________.
答案：dying out
3.As a child, he never left his parents, so he didn't get used to ________ everything in school independently.
答案：dealing with
4.________， I don't think I was helping very much.
答案：To be honest
5.You may ________ it that Jennifer will come and help us if we are in trouble.
答案：rely on
6.He ________ the crashed car and couldn't move his legs.
答案：was trapped in
7.When the rain started, the crowd vanished ________.
答案：in an instant
8.I ________ watching television; let's go for a walk.
答案：am tired of
9.________—the phone is just ringing.
答案：Hang on a second
10.We have used up most of the cloth, and all we have left is a few ________.
答案：bits and pieces
联想积累
“立刻，马上”短语
①in an instant
②in no time
③as quickly as possible
④right now
⑤at once
⑥in a hurry/minute

课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.... so it is reasonable that our ideas of beauty change as well.
……因此我们对美的认识会变化也是理所当然的。(P34)
It is＋adj.＋that ... 句型， it作形式主语，that从句作真正的主语
______________________ he should do a thing like that.
他竟然那样做事，真令人吃惊。
2.It takes more than a casual glance to appreciate and it is much more important than physical beauty.
它(内在美)不是随意一瞥就能欣赏得到的，也远比外在美重要得多。(P34)
“more than＋名词”表示“不仅仅，不只是”
The 21st Century is ________________________； it is also a helpful textbook to the students.
《二十一世纪英语报》不仅仅是一份报纸；对学生来说，它还是一本有用的教科书。

答案：1.It was surprising that　2.more than a newspaper
直击重点 突破考点

①　superior n. 上级，上司　adj. 更好的，更高的(P33)

(1)单句语法填空
①Helen was chosen for the job because she was far ________ (superior) to any other candidate.
②I prefer this book, which is superior ________ that.
③Yang was described by his ________ (superior) as hard－working and always in control of himself.
答案：①superior　②to　③superior(s)
(2)句型转换
He is clearly better than all the other candidates.
＝He is clearly ______________ all the other candidates.
答案：superior to

(1)be superior to ... 优于/高于……
(2)be inferior to 劣于，次于
be senior to 比……大/年长
be junior to 比……小/年幼
be prior to 在……之前

英语中像superior, inferior, senior 等本身就具有比较级的含义，故不可再用more来修饰。
②　adore vt. 热爱，喜爱，爱慕(P33)

(1)单句语法填空
①I adore Zhou Qi ________ his playing well in the basketball game.
②The new mayor, who adored________ (go) to the volleyball match, didn't approve of discussing the new building plans at the meeting.
答案：①for　②going
(2)单句写作
____________________ (我多么喜爱) those pretty houses on the slope!
答案：How I adore

adore sb. for sth.因某事而喜爱/爱慕某人
adore doing sth. 喜欢做某事

(1)adore属于表示心理活动的结果或状态的一类动词，如love, like, prefer等，一般不用于进行时态。
(2)几个表示“喜欢”的动词的语气强弱顺序为：admire＞adore＞enjoy＞like。
③　consistent adj. 始终如一的；一致的(P34)

单句语法填空
①Success consists ________ the ability to continue struggling with failures.
②—Mike, the results are ________ (consist) with our earlier research.
—Fantastic! That's what we've been expecting.
③The medical team ________ (consist) of five experienced doctors and ten skilled nurses will be sent to the earthquake－hit area.
④She has played with great ________ (consistent) all season.
答案：①in　②consistent　③consisting　④consistency

(1)be consistent with 和……一致/相符
be consistent in 在……方面一致
(2)consist v. 组成，构成
consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于
consist of＝be composed of＝be made up of 由……组成/构成
(3)consistency n. 连贯性，一致性
consistently adv. 一致地，始终如一地

consist of一般不用于进行时和被动语态。
④　commitment n. 责任，义务；承诺；许诺；献身；投入；已承诺的事(与介词to连用)(P34)

(1)单句语法填空
①Our country made a ________ (commit)to pay$50,000 to the Red Cross.
②Borrowers should think carefully before committing themselves to ________ (take) out a loan.
③The development area is ________ (commit) to creating a perfect investment environment.
答案：①commitment　②taking　③committed
(2)单句写作
The schools that I visited in Nottingham are full of experienced staff ________________ the children a caring and inspiring learning environment.
我在诺丁汉市参观的学校有富有经验的员工，他们致力于给孩子们营造一个充满关爱和激励的学习环境。
答案：committing to giving

(1)make a commitment to sb. 对某人作出承诺
make a commitment to do sth. 承诺做某事
(2)commit vt. 做出；犯；承诺，保证　vi. 忠于，全心全意投入
commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人/自己承诺(做)某事；献身于(做)某事
commit a crime/an error 犯罪/错误
commit to sb./sth. 全身心地投入到……中；忠于……
(3)committed adj. 坚定的，尽心尽力的
be committed to (doing) sth. 致力/献身于(做)某事
(4)committee n. 委员会
⑤　accompany vt. 陪伴，陪同； 为……伴奏；伴随(P34)

(1)单句语法填空
①Children, when accompanied ________ their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
②The singer was accompanied ________ the piano by her sister.
③As he was not allowed to accompany her ________ the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.
答案：①by　②at/on　③to
(2)句型转换
Daddy, I'll stay in to accompany Uncle Sam this evening.
＝Daddy, I'll stay in to ________ Uncle Sam ________ this evening.
答案：keep; company

(1)accompany sb. tosp. 陪某人到某地(to为介词)
be accompanied by由……陪同/伴随；带有；相伴
accompany sb. on/at sth. 用某物给某人伴奏
(2)companyn.陪伴；公司
keep sb. company陪伴某人
in company with 与……一起
(3)companionn.同伴，伙伴

accompany一词不存在accompany sb. to do sth.的搭配。
⑥　range n. (变动)范围，幅度；类别；射程；山脉　v. (在一定范围内)变化；变动；排列(P34)

(1)写出下列句中range的词性和汉语意思
①It's difficult to find a house in our price range.________
②We want to climb the great mountain range of the Alps. ________
③Their jobs widely range from government officials and athletes to drivers, teachers, artists and so on. ________
④These missiles have a range of 2,000 miles.________
⑤There is a full range of activities for children.________
答案：①n. 变化范围　②n. 山脉　③v. 变动　④n. 射程　⑤n. 种类
(2)单句语法填空
①Classical music ranges ________ jazz ________ pieces for large orchestras.
②He can express ________ huge range of emotions without saying a word.
③The customer you are trying to reach is currently________ of range.
④The temperature ranges ________ 30 and 40 degrees centigrade in July in this city.
⑤The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ (range) from butterflies to elephants.
答案：①from; to　②a　③out　④between　⑤ranging

(1)in/within range of ... 在……范围内；在……可及的范围内
beyond/out of range of ... 超出……的范围
a wide/full range of 一系列，各种
(2)range from ... to ... 从……到……变化
range between ... and ... 在……范围内变动
⑦　command n. [U]管辖，指挥，控制　[C]命令，指令；指挥部　v. 指挥；控制；命令，指示(P35)

(1)单句语法填空
①Besides, I have such ________ good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.
②The boss commanded Henry ________ (finish) the important work on time.
③The general commanded that we ________ (attack) at once.
答案：①a　②to finish　③(should) attack
(2)单句写作
①______________________ (精通) the language of the country where you are going to study is necessary.
②For the first time in years, she felt ________________ (控制) her life.
答案：①Having a good command of　②in command of

(1)in command of控制；指挥
take command of 担任……的指挥，控制
have a good command of 精通；掌握
at sb.'s command 听从某人支配
under sb.'s command 在……的指挥下
(2)command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command that ... (should) do 命令……做

command所接宾语从句的谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”，能这样使用的动词可用以下口诀来记忆：
一坚持：insist
二命令：order, command
三建议：advise, suggest, recommend
四要求：require, request, demand, desire
⑧　accessible adj. 可接近的，可进入的；容易理解的；可到达的(P36)

(1)单句语法填空
①He wants his music to be accessible ________ everyone.
②Postings on the Internet can be ________ (access) from anywhere in the world.
③All students have access ________ the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall.
答案：①to　②accessed　③to
(2)单句写作
①He put the medicine in a top drawer to make sure it would not __________________ the kids.
他把药放到最上面的抽屉里确保孩子们够不到。
②We can ________________ various information we need through the Internet.
我们可以通过互联网获取各种所需信息。
答案：①be accessible to　②get/gain access to

(1)be accessible to 容易接近的；可使用的
(2)have/get/gain/obtain access to 得以接近，有权进入/使用
(3)access vt. 存取，获取(尤指计算机数据)

access前通常不加冠词，且与access和accessible连用构成的短语中的to是介词。
⑨　deliver vt. 递送，交付；发表(演讲等)，宣布；助产；给……接生；产下，诞下　vi. 投递；递送；履行诺言(P36)

(1)写出下列句中deliver的汉语意思
①In his victory speech delivered before a huge crowd of his supporters, Obama declared that “change has come to America”．________
②All these donations must be delivered immediately in order to be received in time for Christmas. ________
③The doctor delivered the woman of twin boys. ________
答案：①发表　②递送　③给……接生
(2)单句语法填空
①Every day the milkman delivers milk ________ our house.
②Her baby ________ (deliver) by her own doctor.
③“Deliver us ________ evil，” she prayed.
答案：①to　②was delivered　③from

deliver sth. (to sb.) 投递/传送某物(给某人)
deliver a speech 发表演说
deliver ... over to sb. 把……移交给某人
be delivered of a baby＝give birth to a baby生孩子
deliver sb. from sth. 使……摆脱……
⑩　tendency n. 倾向，趋势(P36)

单句语法填空
①It is reported that housing prices have a ________ (tend) to decrease in some cities.
②Ambulance crews were tending ________ the injured.
③Students in middle schools tend ________ passive resistance.
答案：①tendency　②to　③to/towards

(1)a tendency to/towards ... ……的倾向
have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事
(2)tend vi.& vt. 倾向，趋于；照料
tend to do sth. 倾向于做某事，往往会做某事
tend to/towards sth. 倾向于某事
tend (to) sb./sth. 照管某人/物
⑪　convey vt. 运送，输送；表达，传达(P39)

(1)写出下列句中convey 的汉语意思
①Understanding your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. ________
②The message conveyed here is clear：“Actions speak louder than words.”________
③People are conveyed like robots along walkways.________
答案：①表达　②传达　③输送
(2)单句语法填空
①Please convey my best wishes ________ her.
②Your baggage will be conveyed by helicopter ________ the airport ________ your hotel.
答案：①to　②from; to

convey one's feelings/emotions/meanings/best wishes ... 表达某人的感受/情感/意思/最美好的祝愿……
convey sth.to sb. 向某人表达/传递某事
convey sb./sth. from A to B 把某人或某物从A地运送到B地
⑫　treat n. [C] 款待，请客；乐事，乐趣　vt. 对待；处理；款待；探讨，论述；看待，把……看作；治疗(P40)

(1)单句语法填空
They have to pay more for education and medical ________ (treat).
答案：treatment
(2)单句写作
①Young people should always ________________ (对待老人) with respect.
②There are some health problems that, when not ________________ (及时治疗), can become bigger ones later on.
答案：①treat the old　②treated in time

(1)treat sb. well/badly 善待/虐待某人
treat sb./sth. as/like ... 将……视为/看作……
treat ... with 用……治疗/处理
treat sb. for ... with ... 用……为……治疗……
treat sb./oneself to款待/请某人/自己
(2)treat n. 乐事；乐趣；款待
be one's treat 由(该)某人请客
(3)treatment n. 治疗；对待；处理

⑬　strike (struck, struck) vt.& vi. 打，击中；时钟报时；使碰撞；突然想到；划火柴；突然袭击　n. 袭击；罢工(P40)

(1)单句语法填空
①Just before September, Miller ________ (strike) by a car and lost his right arm.
②While the others were trying hard to come up with a possible solution to the tough problem, I struck ________ a brilliant idea.
③A severe typhoon ________ (strike) this area, making the suspension (暂停) of the train services, which are now back to normal.
答案：①was struck　②on/upon　③struck
(2)单句写作
Just as the others don't know what to do next, ____________________ the way we can improve the situation.
当其他人不知道下一步该做什么的时候，我突然想到我们改善这种状况的办法。
答案：it suddenly struck me

(1) strike on/upon (突然/意外地)发现，想出
be struck by sb./sth. 被某人/某物打动/击中
It strikes/hits/occurs to sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
(2)be/go on strike 在/举行罢工
⑭　recommend vt. 推荐；建议，劝告；介绍(P40)

单句语法填空
①I would recommend an exchange program ________ anyone who wants to experience foreign cultures and gain meaningful friendships.
②Experts recommend that people ________ (practice) the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20－second break and look at something 20 feet away.
③I'll be glad if you can consider my ________ (recommend).
答案：①to　②practice　③recommendation

(1)recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物
recommend sth. for 推荐某物作某种用途
recommend sb. as ... 推荐某人做某职务
recommend that sb. (should) do sth. ＝recommend
(one's) doing sth. ＝recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
It's recommended that ... (should) do 建议做……
(2)recommendation n. 推荐；建议

recommend后跟宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。

①　die out完全消失，灭绝，熄灭(P34)

单句写作
①The practice of children working in factories has nearly __________________.
工厂中雇用童工的做法已几乎绝迹。
②She waited until the footsteps had ________________.
她一直等到脚步声渐渐消失。
③When his excitement had __________________ he began to think deeply.
兴奋过后他开始深思。
④The bamboo forest burst into bloom and then ________________.
竹林突然开花，然后相继死去。
答案：①died out　②died away　③died down　④died off

die away逐渐停止，(声、风、光)逐渐消失
die down 减弱，平息
die off 相继死去
②　to be honest 说实在的，说实话(P37)

(1)单句语法填空
①________be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions.
②Generally ________ (speak), I don't like spicy food.
答案：①To　②speaking
(2)句型转换
To be honest, I don't want to get a job where I'm chained to a desk all day.
＝__________________， I don't want to get a job where I'm chained to a desk all day.
答案：To tell you the truth

(1)to tell (you) the truth 说实话
honestly speaking＝to be honest 说实在的，说实话
(2)to be frank 坦率地说
to be sure 确定地说；固然
to be exact 确切地说
(3)generally speaking 总的来说
strictly speaking 严格地说
frankly speaking 坦率地说
exactly speaking 确切地说
③　deal with 处理，对付；涉及；与……做生意；与……打交道(P40)

单句写作
①There is no doubt that international cooperation is the key to ______________ (处理) cyber crime.
②In many people's opinion, that company, though small, is pleasant to ______________ (做生意).
答案：①dealing with　②deal with

(1)deal in 经营，买卖
deal with sb./sth.处理；对待；关于；涉及；(与个人或公司)做生意
deal with与do with都可以作“处理”讲，但不同之处在于do with与what连用，而deal with与how连用。
(2)a great/good deal 许多
make a deal with 与……做成一笔交易；与……达成协议
make a deal 达成协议，做成交易
That's/It's a deal. 这么办，一言为定。

①　[教材原句]In 19th－century Europe, women used to wear corsets to achieve a body shape that is no longer considered healthy. Men would wear woollen shawls across their shoulders.
19世纪的欧洲，妇女们穿着紧身胸衣以达到一种今天已经不再被认为是健康的体形，男人们喜欢在肩膀上围上羊毛披肩。(P34)

(1)句型转换
①We used to go swimming in summer. (变为否定句)
＝We __________________ swimming in summer.
②My sister used to be shy when she was at school. (变为一般疑问句)
＝____________________________ shy when she was at school？
答案：①didn't use to go　②Did your sister use to be
(2)单句写作
①My daughter ________________， but now she likes fruit.
我女儿过去喜欢巧克力，但现在喜欢水果。
②When she was sad, ________________， doing nothing.
当她伤心的时候，她总是坐在那面镜子前，什么也不做。
③When he was young, ________________， just as he does now.
他年轻的时候，总在星期天睡懒觉，就像现在一样。
④When we worked in the same office, ________________.
我们过去在同一间办公室工作的时候，经常一起喝咖啡。
答案：①used to like chocolates　②she would sit in front of that mirror　③he would sleep late on Sundays　④we would often have coffee together


②　[教材原句]Nowadays, in the Western world, one in every ten people has a tattoo or a form of body art.
现在，西方国家每十个人中就有一个人有文身或一种人体艺术形式。(P34)

(1)单句语法填空
①Jane's grandmother had wanted to write a children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.
②________ more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes.
③Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven.
④________ one－year－old child was reported to have been left alone for over two days.
⑤—How do you like________movie？
—It is not a little interesting.
答案：①the　②The; the　③a　④A　⑤the
(2)单句改错
①There is other way of looking at the question.
______________________________________________________________
②The old couple had two sons. One son went to live in Australia and other one was killed in a car crash.
______________________________________________________________
③She ate small quantity of rice so that she could slim.
______________________________________________________________
答案：①other→another　②other前加the　③small前加a或quantity→quantities


③　[教材原句]In other cultures, looking thin for a husband－to－be is not what a woman desires at all—rather, looking a little overweight is considered more attractive.
而在其他文化中，女人根本不想在未来丈夫眼中显得苗条，而身材略微丰满才被认为更加迷人。(P34)

单句写作
①The question is ______________________.
问题是他接下来想干什么。
②My topic today is ____________________.
我今天的话题就是大多数科学家正在研究的课题。
③________________ is of great importance.
他告诉我们的至关重要。
④The question ________________ has been puzzling me.
是什么使情况更糟的问题一直在困扰着我。
⑤The manager told us that he wanted to take back __________________.
经理告诉我们他想收回他说过的话。
答案：①what he wants to do next　②what most scientists are researching　③What he told us　④what makes the matter worse　⑤what he had said

(1)what a woman desires at all 为what 引导的表语从句， what在表语从句中作动词desire 的宾语。
(2)what 引导名词性从句的时候，在从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语，并且本身有语意。
(3) that 引导名词性从句的时候，本身没有语意，也不作成分，引导宾语从句的时候可以省略，但是引导主语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句的时候一般不能省略。
④　[教材原句]So do I ...
我也一样……(P37)

单句语法填空
①When we begin conversations with new people, we want to feel comfortable, and so ________ they.
②As the number of people driving past dropped, so ________ their incomes.
③In short, I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. ________ did my family.
答案：①do　②did　③Neither/Nor

(1)“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”结构表示“某人或某物情况也是如此”。
(2)So it is with ... /It is the same with ... 表示前面描述的两种不同情况也适用于后者。
(3)表示“某人或某物情况也不这样”时用“neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”结构。

“so＋主语＋系动词be/助动词/情态动词”结构表示对之前或对方所说情况的赞同或证实，意为“某人/某物确实如此”。
⑤　[教材原句]Eyes raised, I see the moon so bright; Head bent, in homesickness I am drowned.
举头望明月，低头思故乡。(P38)

单句语法填空
①The test ________ (finish), we began our holiday.
②He was listening attentively in class, his eyes ________ (fix) on the blackboard.
③Weather ________ (permit), we are going to visit you tomorrow.
④So many windows ________ (clean), I have to devote the whole afternoon.
答案：①finished　②fixed　③permitting　④to clean

此句中，eyes raised与head bent为独立主格结构，其构成为“名词/代词＋过去分词”，在句中作状语。
独立主格结构的应用：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子主语不同，独立存在；在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件或伴随情况。其构成是：
＋

在独立主格结构中，当名词或代词后接现在分词时，二者构成主动关系；后接过去分词时，二者构成被动关系；后接不定式表示动作没有发生或将要发生。
课文回练 升华运用
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What is Beauty？
As Margaret once said in the 19th century, there was no __1__ (consist) view on beauty. Standards and ideas of beauty change across time.
Nowadays, some costumes and actions once regarded as beauty in 19th century Europe are not considered healthy or __2__ (attract), while something now regarded as fashion had different functions in the past.
In contemporary society, culture still __3__ (determination) our ideas of beauty. In some countries, people like being thinner, while in other cultures, people like being a little overweight.
There are no precise __4__ (criterion) to judge __5__ is beauty. If beauty were limited by some criteria, the human race would soon die __6__.
There is __7__ (physics) beauty as well as inner beauty. The latter is found in a wide range of personal __8__ (quality). It is inner beauty __9__ requires us to truly see. Beauty is __10__ (certain) in the eye of the beholder.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.consistent　2.attractive　3.determines　4.criteria　5.what　6.out　7.physical　8.qualities　9.that　10.certainly
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.________ is evident that there will be some job losses.
答案：It　此处it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。
2.—Did you stay at the party until the very end last night？
—No, I left as early as it was consistent ________ politeness.
答案：with　 be consistent with sth.“与某物相一致”。句意：——昨晚你一直待到派对结束吗？——不，我在不失礼的情况下提前离开了。即待在派对中的时间与礼节中的停留时间保持一致。
3.It's simply ________ (child) to refuse to talk to her.
答案：childish　由句意并结合设空前的be动词可知，此处用形容词childish “幼稚的”。句意：拒绝和她谈话简直太幼稚。
4.It is my belief that good ________ (manner) are very important to everybody.
答案：manners　由设空前的good及设空后的are可知，此处需用复数名词，good manners “礼貌”，为固定短语。
5.The news of the earthquake had hardly spread when a large quantity of relief supplies ________ (deliver) to the disaster－stricken area.
答案：were delivered　从句主语relief supplies与deliver之间为被动关系，谓语与quantity修饰的supplies的数保持一致，用复数形式，所以填were delivered。
6.________ (trap) in the forest for two days, they were desperate for help.
答案：Trapped　be trapped in “被困在……当中”，trap与其逻辑主语they之间为被动关系，故用trapped作状语。
7.He founded the organization with the goal of making art more accessible ________ underprivileged kids.
答案：to　be accessible to “容易获得的”，为固定搭配。
8.Listen carefully to make sure you understand and learn the information that ________ (convey).
答案：is being conveyed　由句意可知，此处指“正在被传达的”，that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词information, convey与information之间为被动关系，故用is being conveyed。
9.As the clock ________ (strike) nine, players took up their positions and the match began.
答案：struck　由主句中的took up可知，该句用一般过去时，故填struck。
10.Nobody believed his reason for being absent from class ________ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
答案：that　reason后面有for引导的短语，接着后面是that引导的同位语从句来说明reason的具体内容。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.It was not until fish ________ (灭绝) that the villagers realized the importance of protecting the river.
答案：died out
2.This watch ____________ (比……好) all the other watches on the market.
答案：is superior to
3.I enjoy watching films and ____________________.
我喜欢看电影，我的朋友汤姆也一样。
答案：so does my friend Tom
4.__________________ I should treat myself to a dinner after such an exhausting examination.
我突然想到在经过了一场令人精疲力竭的考试之后，我应该犒劳自己一顿晚餐。(strike)
答案：It struck me that
5.______________________________________________________________
道路被雪封住了，我们决定在家里度假。(独立主格结构)
答案：The road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·河南省高三阶段性考试(三))It has been __1__ (exact) one year since I returned from Senegal. Volunteering has helped me understand __2__ is important to me and how to live a happy life.
In the past, I __3__ (follow) the common path：from school to university. It's not that I didn't enjoy these experiences, but that I had been led down that path by the expectations from my parents and teachers rather than my own ambitions. Therefore, after __4__ (graduate) from university, I decided to achieve something more __5__ (benefit), something that would help the wider community.
__6__ (apply) for International Citizen Service, then I went to Kaolack, Senegal with Y Care International, where I worked __7__ a member of a team of UK and Senegalese volunteers helping improve the lives of the local young people. I spent time working on the Act 2 Live Project and assisting all kinds of similar __8__ (organize) in their work to improve the lives of the poor. By far, the most rewarding aspect of my volunteering was supporting the amazing people of Kaolack.
Working on __9__ wide variety of tasks and living in a different culture have a positive effect on my development. Thanks to volunteering, I was able __10__ (find) confidence as a young adult, learn new skills and enrich my life.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9.________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者做志愿者的原因以及做志愿者对作者的益处。
1.exactly　考查词性转换。此处用副词exactly修饰动词“has been”。
2.what　考查名词性从句。what在此处引导宾语从句，并且在从句中作主语。
3.followed　考查动词的时态。根据上文中的短语“In the past”可知，本句描述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
4.graduating　考查非谓语动词。此处“after”是介词，故后面接动名词形式。
5.beneficial　考查词性转换。本空与“more”构成形容词比较级，并且作不定代词something的后置定语，故用benefit的形容词形式beneficial。
6.Having applied　考查非谓语动词。根据本句中的逻辑主语“I”与“apply”是主谓关系，而且表示的动作早于谓语动词发生可知，此处应该用apply现在分词的完成式作状语，故此处填入Having applied。
7.as　考查介词。work as表示“从事……工作”。
8.organizations　考查词性转换和名词复数。由关键词“all kinds of”和“their”可知，本空应填入organize的名词复数形式organizations。
9.a　考查冠词。a wide variety of意为“多种多样的”。
10.to find　考查非谓语动词。be able to do sth.意为“能够做某事”。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
答案：
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and animals. Last winter when I went again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of . They also had a small pond \ they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by the fish. I felt that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, he agreed.
难项分析：
第一处：countryside前加the　考查冠词。去年寒假，“我”和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。
第三处：another→other　考查不定代词。他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知，将another改成other。
第六处：which前加in或which→where　考查定语从句的引导词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，且关系词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。