2021高三统考北师大版英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一编Book7Unit21HumanBiology


Unit 21　Human Biology


1.Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain.
金钱用于脑，永远不徒劳。
2.Apart from our brain having memory, cells in our body, in billions, have their own memory.
除了我们的大脑有记忆外，我们身体中数十亿个细胞也有记忆。
3.I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望这样，因为我想让你过上和我一样长寿而健康的生活。
4.Considering the decreasing health conditions, it is suggested that everyone should set aside some time to do physical exercise.
考虑到健康状况的不断下降，建议人们应该留出一些时间去做运动。
自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)abuse (vt.) 滥用
(2)tolerate (vt.) 容忍→tolerance (n.) 忍受，容忍→tolerant (adj.) 容忍的，宽容的
(3)doubtful (adj.) 怀疑的，不肯定的→doubt (n.) 怀疑 (v.) 怀疑，不确信
(4)seek (vt.) 寻找→sought (过去式)→sought (过去分词)→seeker (n.) 寻找者；探求者
(5)oppose (vt.) 反对→opposed (adj.) 反对的，相反的→opposition (n.) 反方，对立面→opposite (adj.) 相反的；对面的
(6)violate (vt.) 违反，违背→violation (n.) 违反→violent (adj.) 猛烈的→violence (n.) 暴力
(7)cater (vt.) 满足；迎合
(8)postpone (vt.) 推迟；延期
(9)prohibit (vt.) 禁止→prohibition (n.) 禁止
(10)foresee (vt.) 预见
(11)underline (vt.) 加下画线；强调
(12)thorough (adj.) 彻底的；细致的
(13)rob (vt.) 使丧失； 抢劫→robber (n.) 强盗，抢劫者→robbery (n.) 抢劫
(14)terminal (adj.) 致命的；晚期的
(15)decline (vi.) 下降
(16)unconditionally (adv.) 无条件地→conditionally (adv.) (反义词)有条件地
(17)equip (vt.) 使有准备；装备→equipment (n.) 设备；装备
(18)fortune (n.) 大笔钱财；巨款→fortunate (adj.) 幸运的→fortunately (adv.) 幸运地
(19)deadline (n.) 截止日期；最后日期
(20)submit (vt.) 提交→submission (n.) 提交
(21)concern (n.) 担心；忧虑→concerned (adj.) 关心的→concerning (prep.) 关于；有关
(22)extension (n.) 延期，延长，延伸
Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)circulate (vi.& vt.) 循环；传播；散布→circle (n.) 圆，环→circular (adj.) 圆形的，循环的→circulation (n.) 流通；血液循环
(2)digest (vt.& vi.) 消化；理解，领悟 (n.) 摘要，文摘
(3)swap (v.) 交换
(4)supreme (adj.) 最高的，极度的
(5)fundamental (adj.) 根本的，基本的→fundament (n.) 基础
(6)lame (adj.) 站不住脚的，不易令人相信的
(7)compulsory (adj.) 强制性的，义务的
(8)threat (n.) 威胁→threaten (vt.) 威胁
(9)privileged (adj.) 荣幸的
(10)ample (adj.) 充足的；充裕的
(11)treat (vt.) 款待
(12)acute (adj.) 严重的；剧烈的
(13)mourn (v.) 感到悲痛；表示哀悼
(14)contradict (vt.) 与(其他事物)_相矛盾→contradictory (adj.) 矛盾的，对立的
(15)tentatively (adv.) 不完全地
(16)temporary (adj.) 临时的；短暂的
(17)vote (vt.) 表决；投票
(18)sceptical (adj.) 怀疑的
(19)circumstance (n.) 情形；情况
(20)absurd (adj.) 不合理的；荒谬的
　[单句语法填空]
1.Bob checked the equipment ________ (thorough), only to find the power was not set.
答案：thoroughly
2.In order to reduce air pollution, many people want a total ________ (prohibit) on lighting firecrackers (鞭炮) in many cities during the Spring Festival.
答案：prohibition
3.Students are not required to take the TOEFL or the IELTS test but we welcome the ________ (submit) of your score if you have taken either.
答案：submission
4.The speech he made ________ (concern) the football match bored a lot of fans to death.
答案：concerning
5.The research lacks evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are ________ (doubt).
答案：doubtful
6.I am ________ (privilege) to know you.
答案：privileged
7.He is a ________ (controversy) figure in the art world.
答案：controversial
8.They are ________ (oppose) to building the highway.
答案：opposed
9.His mind still seemed clear and his ________ (hear) was excellent.
答案：hearing
10.The volunteers kept their hands in hot water until they could no longer ________ (tolerant) the pain.
答案：tolerate
联想积累
后缀­sion构成的名词一览
①extension 延期
②confusion 混乱
③decision 决定
④impression 印象
⑤admission 允许进入，录取
⑥aggression 进攻
⑦expansion 扩张
⑧obsession入迷
⑨profession 职业
⑩mission 使命，任务
⑪discussion 讨论
⑫possession 拥有

1.in vain　　　徒劳，白费力气
2.at random 随便地，随意地
3.at all costs 不惜一切代价，无论如何
4.straight away 立刻；马上
5.wipe out 彻底毁灭
6.stop_sth._in_its_tracks 终止；消灭
7.at_any_rate 无论如何；至少
8.put_off 推迟，延迟
9.get_through 通过(考试等)；完成
10.miss_out 遗漏，遗忘；错过(机会)
　[单句写作]
1.Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury, but these were all ____________ (徒劳地).
答案：in vain
2.I am appointed to interview people ____________ (随意地) to learn about the customers' feedback on our products.
答案：at random
3.It's obviously not urgent, or else they would have called us ____________ (立刻).
答案：straight away
4.There are still many people suffering a lot, and we are to do something to ____________ (消灭) poverty.
答案：wipe out
5.Unluckily, the man ____________ (被抢走) his car and cell phone.
答案：was robbed of
6.He will keep his promise ______________ (无论如何).
答案：at any rate
7.At the same time, I will not forget to ________________ (复习) my lessons.
答案：go over
8.If you don't call the man right away, you're going to ____________ (错过) the opportunity.
答案：miss out on
9.The undersea cable was broken. I couldn't ______________ (接通) to Paris.
答案：get through
10.The noise made it hard for me to ____________ (集中) my work.
答案：focus on
联想积累
1.表达“决不”的短语
①in/under no circumstances
②by no means
③on no account
④in no way
⑤in no case
⑥in no sense
⑦in no shape
⑧on no condition
⑨on no consideration
⑩at no time
2.“in”短语请进
①in vain 徒然；枉费心机；徒劳；白费力气
②in place 在合适的地方
③in sight 在视野内；被看到
④in effect 有效地
⑤in advance 提前
⑥in ruins 成为废墟
⑦in brief 简言之
⑧in despair 失望
⑨in rags 衣衫褴褛
⑩in charge 负责，主管
3.“动词＋out”的短语一览
①wipe out 彻底摧毁；消灭
②break out 爆发
③bring out 使显现；生产
④carry out 贯彻；执行
⑤come out 出版
⑥die out 灭绝
⑦figure out 计算出；解决；理解；明白
⑧leave out 遗漏；省略
⑨make out 听出，看出
⑩take out取出
⑪pick out挑出
⑫point out指出
⑬pour out倾诉
⑭pull out驶出
⑮put out 扑灭
⑯puzzle out 仔细考虑解决(难题等)
联想积累
⑰reach out 伸出
⑱turn out结果是，原来是
⑲watch out小心，提防
⑳run out 用完，耗尽
rush out赶制(新产品)
work out算出，制定出
seek out搜寻到；找出
send out发出，派出
wear out穿破；使精疲力竭
shout out突然大声地说
sit out不参加，不参与
smell out 嗅出，闻到，察觉到
speak out (尤指不顾危险)公开反对
spread out伸展，延长；铺设
stand out突出，显眼
start out出发，动身
stick out伸出来，坚持到底
talk out把……说透
think out仔细考虑；盘算
throw out扔掉；开除
tire out使精疲力竭
try out试验，测试

课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.Unfortunately, it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs.
不幸的是，查出运动员服用违禁药物并不容易。(P34)
catch sb. doing sth. “撞见某人正在做某事/抓住某人在做某事”
The teacher__________in the exam.
老师发现那个男孩在考试中作弊。
2.However, this is the first time I've broken my leg.
然而，这是我第一次断腿。(P40)
This is the first time (that) ... “这是第一次……”为固定句式
________________________ I have been away from home.
这是我第一次离家。

答案：1.caught the boy cheating　2.This is the first time (that)
直击重点 突破考点

①　tolerate vt. 忍受；容忍(不同意或者不喜欢的事物)；(对药物)有耐受性；能经受(困难条件)(P34)

(1)单句语法填空
①Physical expressions of anger are generally considered too harmful to ________ (tolerate).
②I can't tolerate your ________ (speak) to your mother in such a rude manner.
③The apartment is really too small, but it's ________ (tolerate) for the time being.
答案：①be tolerated　②speaking　③tolerable
(2)句型转换
I can't tolerate any more excuse.
＝I can't be ______________ any more excuse.
答案：tolerant of/towards

(1)tolerate doing sth. 容忍/容许做某事
tolerate sb./sb.'s doing sth. 容许/忍受某人做某事
(2)tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的
be tolerant of/towards 对……宽容
(3)tolerable adj. 可容忍的，可忍受的
tolerance n. 宽容；忍耐力

表示“容忍”的词汇还有bear/stand/put up with，常与won't/wouldn't/can't/couldn't 连用。
②　seek(sought, sought) vt.& vi. 试图，设法；寻找，寻求；探索；请求(P34)

(1)单句语法填空
①He seeks ________ (be) elected to the position of the government.
②The tourists sought ________ a shady spot where they sat down and rested.
③You should seek advice ________ your lawyer on this matter.
④Thousands of people crossed the border, ________ (seek) refuge from the war.
答案：①to be　②out　③from　④seeking
(2)单句改错
The young writer seeks to writing a book which will be welcomed by the readers.
______________________________________________________________
答案：writing→write

(1)seek (for) sth./sb. 寻找/追求某物/某人
seek sth.from sb. 向某人请求/寻求某事
seek to do sth. 尝试/试图做某事
seek out 挑选出；物色；找出
seek one's fortune 外出闯世界；寻找成功致富的机会
(2)seeker n. 探索者，寻求者

(1)seek的过去式和过去分词均为sought。
(2)seek后可接不定式作宾语，但不可接动名词。
③　oppose vt. 反对，抵制(P34)

单句语法填空
①I have been consistently opposed to ________ (feed) a baby regularly.
②Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones bring the ________ (oppose).
③Mother strongly opposed my ________ (travel) on my own this summer vacation.
④—Sam, can you tell me what IRL means？
—It means “in real life”， as ________ (oppose) to talking with someone on the Internet or over the phone.
答案：①feeding　②opposite　③traveling　④opposed

反对(做)某事
as opposed to (表示对比)而，相对于
(2)opposite prep. 在……的对面　adj. 对立的，相反的
(3)opposition n. 反对，抵抗
④　contradict vi.& vt. 反驳，驳斥；与……相矛盾，相反(P34)

(1)单句语法填空
①It's unwise ________ (contradict) your boss.
②We are faced with two ________ (contradict) statements.
③You clearly contradicted ________ (you) with your second statement.
答案：①to contradict　②contradictory　③yourself
(2)句型转换
What she said contradicted her real actions.
＝What she said ______________ her real actions.
答案：was in contradiction to

(1)contradict oneself 自相矛盾
(2)contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的，不一致的
(3)be in (direct) contradiction to 与……相矛盾/对立
⑤　postpone vt. 推迟，延期(P37)

(1)单句语法填空
①Our manager decided to postpone his vacation ________ next month.
②By postponing ________ (make) a decision, we get more information about the project.
③The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would ________ (postpone).
答案：①until/to　②making　③be postponed
(2)单句改错
He decided to postpone deliver the lecture, owing to his bad health.
______________________________________________________________
答案：deliver→delivering

postpone sth.to/until ... 把某事推迟到……
postpone doing sth. 耽搁/推迟做某事

表示“推迟，延期”的词或短语还有delay, put off, hold up等。
⑥　prohibit vt. (尤指以法令)禁止，阻止(P38)

单句语法填空
①They are prohibited from ________ (reveal) details about the candidates.
②We prohibit ________ (smoke) in the office during working hours.
③Smoking ________ (prohibit) in public places.
答案：①revealing　②smoking　③is prohibited

(1)prohibit (doing) sth. 禁止(做)某事
prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
(2)prohibition n. 禁止，阻止，禁令
a prohibition on/against ……的禁令

prohibit表示制定正式规章进行“禁止”，并有强制执行的意思。表示“禁止/阻止某人做某事”的表达方式：discourage sb. from doing sth., ban sb. from doing sth., prevent sb. from doing sth., keep sb. from doing sth., forbid sb. from doing sth., stop sb. from doing sth.。
⑦　decline n. 衰落，衰败；减少；下降　vi.& vt. 衰落，衰退；下降；婉言谢绝(P40)

(1)写出句中decline的含义
①Chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children. ________
②Oil production has already peaked and is on the decline in about 50 nations.________
③It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days. ________
④According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to decline from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.________
答案：①拒绝　②下降　③下降　④衰退
(2)单句语法填空
①The price of the TV set declined ________ $1,400 ________ $900 each.
②It's said that misbehavior by top officials is ________ the decline.
答案：①from; to　②on

(1)fall into (a) decline 开始衰退
in decline/on the decline 走下坡路；衰退中；在减少
decline in/of sth. 在某个方面减少/下降
(2)decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
decline to 减少到
decline by 减少了

⑧　equip vt. 装备，配备；(常用被动语态)使具备；使胜任(P41)

(1)单句语法填空
①We aim to equip young graduates ________ a competitive business environment.
②________ (equip) with a new type of machine, the explorers went into a cave, hoping to find some buried treasure.
③Please equip yourself________ a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.
④Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary ________ (equip) with you, since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.
答案：①for　②Equipped　③with　④equipment
(2)单句改错
Our school has been given some new equipments.
______________________________________________________________
答案：equipments→equipment

(1)equip ... for sth. 为某事而准备/装备……
equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
equip ... with ... 用……装备/配备……；使……具有(学问、能力等)
(be) equipped with ... 装备/配备有……；拥有……
(2)equipment n. 设备，装备
a piece of equipment 一件装备

⑨　fortune n. [C] 大笔的钱，财富；命运，前途[U]运气(P41)

(1)写出句中fortune的含义
①Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth.________
②Really central hotels in cities such as London, Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune, especially at weekends and during big events.________
③What can help you make a fortune in the future？________
答案：①运气　②大笔的钱　③财富
(2)单句语法填空
①He's ________(fortune) in having such good friends.
②________ (fortune), the fire was discovered soon after it had started.
③He is fortunate ________ (be) able to work in London.
答案：①fortunate　②Fortunately　③to be

(1)make a/one's fortune 发财
seek a fortune 寻出路
try one's fortune 碰运气
tell one's fortune 算命
(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的
be fortunate in doing sth. 有幸做某事
be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事
(3)fortunately＝luckily adv. 幸运地
unfortunately＝unluckily adv. 不幸地

①　in vain 徒然；白费力气；徒劳(P34)

单句写作
①As an inexperienced teacher, I tried every means to get them to be quiet, but ____________ (白费力气).
②Money and education, however, change him, and before long he ________________ (变得虚荣) and ashamed of his background.
③He ________________ (徒劳的尝试) to reach the summit of the mountain.
④We ________________ (枉费心机地试图) make him change his mind.
答案：①in vain　②becomes vain　③made a vain attempt
④tried in vain to

vain adj. 徒劳的；枉然的；无结果的；虚荣的
try in vain to do sth. 枉费心机地试图做某事
make a vain attempt/effort 徒劳的尝试/努力
②　at all costs＝at any cost 不管多大代价，无论如何(P34)

单句写作
①I decided to try ______________ (不惜一切代价) to rid them of their fear.
②He saved his son from drowning but only ____________ (以……为代价) his own life.
③To tell you the truth, I sold you this coat ______________ (按成本价).
答案：①at all costs/at any cost　②at the cost/expense of
③at cost

at the cost/expense of 以……为代价
at a cost of 以……的价格
at cost 按成本价
at a low/high cost 低/高成本地
③　wipe out 彻底毁灭，全部摧毁(P38)

单句语法填空
①A 0.9­meter rise would wipe ________ their habitat completely.
②He wiped the dirt ________ the table with a sponge.
③She was sniffing and wiping her eyes ________ a tissue.
答案：①out　②off　③with

wipe ... from/off ... 把……从……擦掉
wipe ... away/off 擦掉……；抹掉……
wipe ... with ... 用……擦……

①　[教材原句]Many contemporary amateur athletes would have broken world records if they had taken part in the first Olympic Games.
假如许多当代业余选手参加了第一届奥运会的话，他们就会打破世界纪录。(P34)

单句语法填空
①(2018·北京高考)They might have found a better hotel if they ________ (drive) a few more kilometers.
②(2018·天津高考)If we ________ (catch) the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.
③I really appreciate your help, otherwise, I ________ (not be) able to sell this house in such a short period.
④________ it be fine tomorrow, we would go out for a hiking.
答案：①had driven　②had caught　③wouldn't have been
④Should


②　[教材原句]Unless we are careful, “gene­therapy” will be the next big threat.
如果我们不注意，“基因疗法”将会成为下一个重大威胁。(P34)

(1)单句语法填空
①Relationship can be healthy ________ we never cross the walls of respect.
②________ some extra money is found, the cinema will close.
答案：①if　②Unless
(2)单句改错
I will not go abroad unless someone paid my expenses.
______________________________________________________________
答案：paid→pays

unless意为“如果不，除非”，引导条件状语从句。
(1)unless与if ... not都可以译作“如果不……”，常常可以通用，但unless语气更强；另外，它不能用于虚拟语气，而后者可以。
(2)当unless引出分词短语时，不能用if ... not来替换。
③　[教材原句]In the future, athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.
将来，改变了基因的运动员有可能创下8秒百米纪录或不到两个小时的马拉松纪录。(P34)

(1)单句语法填空
①The teacher has his students ________ (read) English every morning.
②She had the light ________ (burn) all night.
③He had his leg ________ (injure) in the accident.
④We have every reason ________ (think) there are living creatures like us in the universe.
答案：①read　②burning　③injured　④to think
(2)单句写作
①You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've ______________ often enough.
到现在你应该理解这条交通规则了，已经给你解释得够多了。
②The boss often ______________ for 10 hours a day.
老板经常让他们一天工作10小时。
答案：①had it explained　②has them work

“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
(1)have＋宾语＋do sth. 让某人做某事
(2)have＋宾语＋doing sth. 让某人或某物持续做某事
(3)have/get＋宾语＋done 让某事被做/请别人做某事/遭遇某事

(1)have sth. to do表示“有某事要做”，不定式作定语
(2)have sb. do sth.＝let/make sb. do sth.＝get/cause sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
④　[教材原句]In the future, athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.
将来，改变了基因的运动员有可能创下8秒百米纪录或不到两个小时的马拉松纪录。(P34)

单句语法填空
①(2018·北京高考)In today's information age, the loss of data ________ cause serious problems for a company.
②(2017·天津高考)My room is a mess, but I ________ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
③(2017·北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
④Someone ________ (leave) the tap on, for the water was running over and flooding the bathroom.
答案：①can　②needn't　③can　④must have left


课文回练 升华运用
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Olympic spirit has been violated by the desire __1__ (succeed) at all costs. Now records have fallen in track and field due to better __2__ (equip), training and diet since the first Olympic Games. But we come __3__ the issue of performance­enhancing drugs, which is known __4__ doping. Some athletes who abuse the drugs risk facing serious health problems in __5__ (late) life. They seek to achieve beyond their __6__ (nature) limits. __7__ is compulsory for winners to be tested but other __8__ (participate) are only tested at random. What's worse, “gene­therapy” will be the next big threat. In the future, athletes who have their genes __9__ (change) might be able to do better than they should be. So if __10__ (dope) and gene­therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the word “hero” will have lost all meaning.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.to succeed　2.equipment　3.across　4.as
5.later　6.natural　7.It　8.participants　9.changed　10.doping
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Smoking leaves Sam in poor health. His wife has tried ________ vain to persuade him to quit smoking, though.
答案：in　句意：吸烟使萨姆的健康状况很差。尽管他妻子试图劝说他戒烟却是徒劳的。in vain “徒劳地”。
2.The law must seek ________ (protect) the rights of citizens.
答案：to protect　seek to do sth.“设法/试图做某事”。
3.She is very much ________ (oppose) to his going abroad.
答案：opposed　句意：她非常反对他出国。be opposed to doing sth. “反对做某事”。
4.Chinese government prevented the disease from spreading at all ________ (cost).
答案：costs　句意：中国政府不惜一切代价来阻止这种疾病蔓延。at all costs “不惜一切代价”。
5.My baby sister never cries ________ she is hungry.
答案：unless　句意：我那刚出生的妹妹除非饿了，否则她是从来不哭的。根据句意，这里用unless引导条件状语从句。
6.Would you like to have your writing ________ (publish)in this magazine？
答案：published　句意：你想要你的文章发表在这本杂志上吗？have sth. done “使某事被做”。
7.If he shouldn't come tomorrow, we ________ (put) off the meeting till next Monday.
答案：should/would/could put　句意：要是他明天来不了，我们将把会议推迟到下周一。此处是对将来情况的虚拟，故主句用would/could/should＋动词原形。
8.If I were you, I ________ (take) his advice.
答案：would have taken　句意：如果我是你的话，我就接纳他的建议。此处是虚拟语气，主句与过去事实相反，故用would have taken。
9.The police prohibit ________ (park) in the city centre.
答案：parking　句意：警方禁止在市中心停车。prohibit doing sth. “禁止做某事”。
10.________ (live) with her for 5 years, he knows her very well.
答案：Having lived　句意：与她一起生活了五年，他非常了解她。现在分词的完成式强调动作先于句子谓语动词所表示的动作发生。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.Police searched ________ (徒劳) for the missing gunman.
答案：in vain
2.To keep the feet dry and comfortable, this new kind of shoes ____________ (配有) a micro­fan.
答案：is equipped with
3.Ten minutes earlier, and we ______________ missing the early bus.
再早十分钟的话，我们就可以避免错过早班的公共汽车。
答案：could have avoided
4.______________________________________________________________
当国王让人们修建这些金字塔时，他们也许决不会想到会发生这事。(have的宾语补足语)
答案：When the kings had the Pyramids built for them, they perhaps never imagined this would happen.
5.______________________________________________________________
你上周怎么没有告诉我你遇到的困难？如果你告诉了我，我会给你帮助的。
答案：Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week? If you had told me, I could have helped you.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·安徽省合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测)Some people are great at remembering faces. Once they meet you, they never forget how you look, while for other people, remembering a face is __1__ (simple) impossible. Such people have a condition of the brain called “face blindness”， __2__ actual name is developmental prosopagnosia (人面失认症), or DP for short.
There was a time when face blindness __3__ (think) to be rare. But recent __4__ (study) have shown that it might be more common than experts had thought. The latest study on face blindness came from Duchaine, __5__ professor of psychological and brain sciences at Dartmouth College. He wanted to find out __6__ the testees could recognize pictures of famous people or not. So he used fMRI to measure activities in their brains. An fMRI can identify chemical and other changes __7__ (result) from blood flow.
Results showed that when __8__ (show) famous faces, the testees drew a blank with them. But they could identify the actor who has one specific feature, such as his special chin or moustache. Duchaine said this study __9__ (it) would not directly lead to any treatments. However, he said it could lead to a much __10__ (deep) understanding of how we remember the world around us.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9.________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有关脸盲症的信息和最新研究，该研究有助于我们就如何记住周围的世界有一个更深的了解。
1.simply　 考查词性转换。修饰形容词impossible应用副词，所以答案是simply。
2.whose　 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，作actual name的定语，所以答案是whose。
3.was thought　 考查动词的时态和语态。根据该句中的“There was a time”可知，应用一般过去时；分析句子结构可知，此处是sth. be thought to be，为被动结构，意为“某物被认为……”。所以答案是was thought。
4.studies　 考查名词。根据空前的recent以及空后的have shown可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，所以答案是studies。
5.a　 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，“__5__ professor of psychological and brain sciences”是Duchaine的同位语，此处泛指一位教授，故用不定冠词；且professor的发音以辅音音素开头，所以答案是a。
6.whether/if　 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，同时结合句意及句末的or not可知，连接词应是whether或if。所以答案是whether/if。
7.resulting　 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已经有谓语can identify，故此处应用现在分词短语作后置定语，所以答案是resulting。
8.shown　 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，when引导状语从句，空处为the testees were shown的省略形式，所以答案是shown。
9.itself　 考查代词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处作this study的同位语，应用反身代词，指“这项研究本身”，所以答案是itself。
10.deeper　 考查形容词的比较级。根据空前的a much以及空后的understanding可知，空处应用形容词的比较级，表示“对于如何记住我们周围的世界有一个更深的了解”，所以答案是deeper。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Chinese is one of the world's most widely spoken languages.There are much different types of Chinese. For example, one type known as Mandarin, had almost a billion speakers. Outside of China, Chinese in some form is spoken Chinese communities worldwide. The different kinds of Chinese language use a same script. While someone from the north of China may need the speech of someone from the south interpreted, but it is not usually necessary to have written documents translating. In the early twenty century, a government language policy created Modern Standard Chinese, that is now the official language of China. It is one of the official language of the United Nations to develop more effectively communication.
答案：
Chinese is one of the world's most widely spoken languages.There are different types of Chinese. For example, one type known as Mandarin, almost a billion speakers. Outside of China, Chinese in some form is spoken Chinese communities worldwide. The different kinds of Chinese language use same script. While someone from the north of China may need the speech of someone from the south interpreted, it is not usually necessary to have written documents . In the early century, a government language policy created Modern Standard Chinese, is now the official language of China. It is one of the official of the United Nations to develop more communication.
难项分析：
第一处：much→many　考查限定词。根据下文的可数名词复数“types”可知，此处应用many修饰。
第六处：translating→translated　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为have sth. done结构，表示“使某事被做”，故应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
第八处：that→which　考查定语从句的引导词。that不能引导非限制性定语从句，且此处关系代词在从句中作主语，先行词是Modern Standard Chinese，故将that改为which。