2021高考英语一轮统考复习第一部分教材重点全程攻略Book1Unit2Englisharoundtheworld学案含解析新人教版

Unit 2  English around the world基础自主检测阅读识记Ⅰ.英译汉1.subway n. 地铁；地下人行道2.elevator n. 电梯；升降机3.petrol n. 汽油4.conquer vt. 征服；占领5.apartment n. 〈美〉公寓住宅；单元住宅6.accent n. 口音；腔调；重音7.block n. 街区；块；木块；石块Ⅱ.汉译英1.voyage n. 航行；航海2.base vt. 以……为根据n. 基部；基地；基础3.spelling n. 拼写；拼法4.cab n. 出租车5.dialect n. 方言6.identity n. 本身；本体；身份高频应用1.official adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的　n. 官员；公务员2.native adj. 本国的；本地的　n. 本地人；本国人3.vocabulary n. 词汇；词汇量；词表4.command n．& vt. 命令；指令；掌握5.request n．& vt. 请求；要求6.straight adv. 直地；直接地；立即　adj. 直的；笔直的；正直的拓展变形1.actually (adv.) 实际上；事实上→actual (adj.) 真实的；实际的2.gradual (adj.) 逐渐的；逐步的→gradually (adv.) 逐渐地；逐步地3.enrich (vt.) 使富裕；充实；改善→rich (adj.) 富有的4.latter (adj.) 较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的→latest (adj.) 最新的；最近的→later (adj.) 后来的；以后的 (adv.) 较晚地；以后→lately (adv.) 近来；最近5.fluent (adj.) 流利的；流畅的→fluently (adv.) 流利地；流畅地→fluency (n.) 流利；流畅6.frequent (adj.) 频繁的；常见的→frequently (adv.) 常常；频繁地→frequency (n.) 频率7.usage (n.) 使用；用法；词语惯用法→use (vt.) 使用 (n.)用途→useful (adj.) 有用的→useless (反义词)(adj.) 无用的8.expression (n.) 词语；表示；表达→express (vt.) 表达9.recognize (vt.) 辨认出；承认；公认→recognition (n.) 认出；认识 1.en­前缀和­en后缀变形容词/名词为动词①rich→enrich 使富裕②able→enable 使能够③large→enlarge 使扩大④sure→ensure 确保；担保⑤strength→strengthen 加强；巩固⑥short→shorten 缩短；使变短2.以“­ial”结尾的形容词①official 官方的②beneficial 有益的③commercial 商业的④facial 表面的⑤initial 最初的⑥social 社会的3.常见的形容词和副词同形的单词①straight adj.& adv. 直的(地)②fast adj.& adv. 快的(地)③far adj.& adv. 远的(地)④pretty adj. 漂亮的　adv. 相当地；很；非常⑤well adj. 健康的　adv. 好4.“旅行”家族①voyage 航行；航海②tour (观光)旅行③travel 旅行④trip (短途)旅行；外出⑤journey (长途)旅行⑥outing 远足 一 动词＋介/副词1．come up 走近；上来；被提出2．be based on 以……为基础3．leave for 动身去……二 动词＋名词＋介词4．play a part in 扮演一个角色；参与5．make use of 利用；使用三 其他6．more than 超过；非常；不只是；不仅是7．believe it or not 信不信由你8．because of 因为；由于9．the number of ……的数量10．at present 现在；目前11．such as 例如……；像……的1．“make＋名词＋介词”短语荟萃①make use of 使用；利用②make the most/best of 充分利用③make way for 为……让路；让路于④make contact with 接通；与……接触；与……联系⑤make an appointment with sb. 与……约定⑥make a fool of 愚弄；欺骗2．at时间短语小结①at present 目前②at times 有时③at a time 一次④at one time 曾经⑤at the beginning of 在……开始时⑥at the moment 现在 1．even if引导让步状语从句，相当于even though，意为“即使；尽管”Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English (即使他们所讲的英语不尽相同)．(教材P10)2．it is/was＋adj.(＋for sb.)＋to do sth.“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”It is not easy (是不容易的) for a Chinese person to speak (说) English as well as a native English speaker.(教材P11)3．“no such＋可数名词单数”意为“没有这样的……”Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English (没有像标准英语这样的东西)．(教材P13)4．This/That is because ... “这/那是因为……”This is because (这是因为) in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.(教材P13)5．the way 作先行词后接定语从句，且引导词在从句中作方式状语时，关系词可以为：that, in which或关系词可省略However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak (人们说话的方式). (教材P13) 单句语法填空1．Later in the next century, people from England made voyages       (conquer) other parts of the world and because          that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.答案：to conquer; of2．         (actual) all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate        each other.答案：Actually; with3．Today the number of people         (learn) English in China          (be) increasing rapidly.答案：learning; is4．        fact, China may have          largest number of English learners.答案：In; the5．Many people believe the English         (speak) on TV and the radio is standard English.答案：spoken6．Some people          live in the mountains  of the eastern USA speak          an older kind of English dialect.答案：who/that; with7．The USA is a large country          many different dialects are spoken.答案：in which/where8．She told us to go around the corner          the left and keep going straight for two          (block)．答案：on; blocks 考点步步冲关1base　vt.以……为根据　n．基部；基地；基础It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.(P10)当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而现代英语不是。(1)base ... on/upon ... 根据……；以……为基础(sth.) be based on/upon (某物)以……为基础at the base of ... 以……为基础；在……底部(2)basis n. 基础；基本原则on the basis of/that ... 根据……；在……基础上(3)basic adj. 基本的；基础的be basic to ... 是……的基础[名师点津]　在“base ... on/upon ...”结构中，base是及物动词，base后要跟宾语，否则要用被动形式“be based on/upon”形式。即时练1单句语法填空①They have to have a          (base) understanding of computers in order to use the advanced technology.②On the          (base) of these theories he worked out his picture of the state of the future.③The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds on which          (base) his arguments in favour of the new theory.④The research group produced two reports          (base) on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.答案：①basic　②basis　③to base　④based一句多译这家餐馆建立在诚信之上，现在运转正常。⑤The restaurant                  trust, and it is working all right.(并列句)⑥             trust, the restaurant is working all right. (分词作状语)⑦The restaurant,                      trust, is working all right. (定语从句)答案：⑤is based on　⑥Based on　⑦which is based on 2command　n．[C]命令；指令　[U]掌握　 　 　　  vt.命令；指挥；支配Can you find the following command and request from Reading？(P12)你能从阅读中找出下面表示命令和请求的句子吗？(1)at one's command听从某人的支配under one's command由某人指挥；由某人统帅take command of控制；担任……的指挥(be) in command of指挥；控制have a good command of 很好地掌握；精通(2)command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事command that ...  命令……(3)commander n. 负责人；(尤指)司令官；指挥官[名师点津]　command所接宾语从句的谓语动词用“(should＋) do”形式，能这样使用的动词可用以下口诀来记忆：一坚持：insist二命令：order, command三建议：advise, suggest, recommend四要求：require, request, demand, desire即时练2单句语法填空①I'm          your command—what would you like me to do?②If you do not serve others, you cannot take command          them.答案：①at　②of句型转换③The police commanded the witness to describe what had happened the day before.→The police commanded that the witness                        the day before.答案：(should) describe what had happened单句写作④除此之外，我如此精通英语以至于被选为英语课代表。Besides, I                                that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.答案：have such a good command of English 3request　n．& vt.请求；要求In English you use a command or a request when you want someone to do something.(P12)在英语中，当你想让别人做事时，你可以使用命令或请求的方式。(1)request sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事request that sb. (should) do sth. 请求某人做某事It is requested that  ... 根据要求……(2)make a request/requests for ... 请求/要求……at one's request＝at the request of sb. 应某人的要求[名师点津]　动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。即时练3单句语法填空①All the students are requested          (attend) the annual school celebration.②What's your opinion of Mr Li's request that we          (spend) half an hour reading English aloud every morning?③It          (request) that all the visitors should not take pictures of the exhibitions.答案：①to attend　②(should) spend　③is requested单句写作④我真诚地希望你对我们的请求给予特别考虑。I sincerely hope that                           .答案：you will give our request your special consideration 1because of 因为；由于教材原句Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and  because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.(P9)随后在接下来的一个世纪，英国人开始航海征服了世界其他地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语了。owing to 由于thanks to 由于；幸亏as a result of 由于as a consequence (of sth.) 因此；因为(某事)on account of 由于in view of 由于；考虑到；鉴于due to 由于；因为[名师点津]　(1)because of 介词短语，后面接名词、代词或动名词。(2)because 从属连词，引导原因状语从句。即时练1选词填空(because of/because)①Mr Black was severely ill          being exposed to a deadly virus.②I do hope that you could join us          Green Hill is such a fun place to relax and surely we will have a great time.答案：①because of　②because一句多译由于下大雨，运动会不得不延期举行。③The sports meeting had to be put off because               .④The sports meeting had to be put off because of                 .答案：③it rained heavily　④the heavy rain 2come up 走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；(太阳、月亮等)升起教材原句I'd like to  come up to your apartment.(P10)我很愿意到你家里来。come up with 想出；提出；找到；产生come about 发生come along 出现；来到；进展come across 被理解；偶遇；偶然发现come on 加油；快点；(风、雨等)到来；(演员)出场come out 出版；出来；出现；结果是come to 苏醒；总计；达到；谈到when it comes to ... 当提到……come to oneself 恢复常态；苏醒[名师点津]　(1)主语(物)＋come up，指“(计划、建议、议题等)被提出；出现；产生”。(2)主语(人或团体组织)＋come up with sth.，指“(某人/团体组织)提出某事(想法、计划等)”。即时练2写出下列句中come up的含义①An old lady came up to me and asked for directions.        ②As soon as the project came up at the meeting, it attracted many people's attention.        ③When the moon came up, the young people began their celebration.        ④—Alvin, are you coming with us?—I'd love to, but something unexpected has come up.        答案：①走近　②被提出　③升起　④发生用come的相关短语完成句子⑤Yesterday when walking in the street, I                  Li Hua; he told me his experiment for the drug                very successfully and his research paper would               . It was predicted that the number of people who could benefit from his research would              1,000,000 a year.答案：came across; came along; come out; come to 3make use of 利用；使用教材原句So by the 1600's Shakespeare was able to  make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.(P10)因此到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。(1)make full/good use of 充分利用make the best/most of充分利用take (full) advantage of (充分)利用(2)come into use 开始被使用be of great use＝be very useful 很有用的It is no use doing sth. 做某事是没用的put sth. to (good) use (有效)使用/利用某物即时练3单句语法填空①The scientists are considering what use can be made          such a material in the future.②Now most of the students are trying to make the best use of every minute          (prepare) for the coming exam.③The doctor suggested that his patient          (make) full/good use of the sunshine so that he could recover soon.④It is no use          (try) to persuade him to have a holiday because he is a workaholic.答案：①of　②to prepare　③(should) make　④trying 1Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. (P10)翻译以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。(1)even if/even though通常引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；尽管”，所引导的从句常用一般现在时表示将来。在主、从句主语相同且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，也可采用省略结构。(2)even so “即使如此；尽管这样”。即时练1单句语法填空①I'll go there even if the weather          (be) bad tomorrow.②He will not attend the party even if          (invite)．答案：①is　②invited 2It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.(P10)翻译当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而现代英语不是。(1)more than＋数词或从句　超过……more than＋形容词　非常……more than＋名词　不只是；不仅是……more ... than ... 与其说……，倒不如说……(2)no more than 只不过；仅仅not more than 不超过；至多rather than 而不是other than 除了即时练2写出下列句中more than的含义①For many people, fishing is more than a sport—it is an art.        ②She is a kind girl and more than willing to help others.        ③It also benefits those users who have more than one task to perform.        答案：①不仅是　②非常　③超过；多于单句写作④这个作家名不副实。The writer is          in name          in reality.⑤他所受的全部学校教育加起来只有一年。His whole school education added up to                    one year.⑥是你而不是他因这次可怕的事故应受责备。It is you                    he that          to blame for the terrible accident.⑦诚实地说，除了你，我不认识别的法国人。To be honest, I don't know any French people                you.答案：④more; than　⑤no more than　⑥rather than; are　⑦other than 3Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.(P13)翻译信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语可言。句中“no such＋单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a(n)＋单数名词”。“no such＋单数名词＋as ...”意为“没有像……这样的……”。(1)such与a/an连用时要放在a/an的前面；与all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。(2)such＋that ... 如此……以至于……(3)such ... as ... “像……这样的……”，as在句中引导定语从句。[名师点津]　比较下列句子，注意连接词的作用。①This is such a difficult problem as all of us can't work out.(as引导定语从句)②This is such a difficult problem that all of us can't work it out.(that引导结果状语从句)即时练3单句写作①任何事情都是要付出代价的，在这个世界上并没有什么免费的午餐。Everything comes with a price; there is                        a free lunch in the world.②露西被北京大学录取了，而我却没有这样的运气。Lucy was admitted to Peking University, while I had                     .③他是一位如此负责任的老师，以至于我们都被深深地感动了。He was          a responsible teacher          we were all deeply moved.答案：①no such thing as　②no such luck　③such; that 直接引语和间接引语(Ⅱ)当我们转述祈使句时，通常将原句中的动词变为带to的动词不定式，并根据句子意思在不定式的前面加上ask, order, tell等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。表示邀请、请求某人做某事时用ask/beg/request sb. to do sth.①She said to us, “Please have a rest.”→She asked us to have a rest.她要求我们休息一下。表示告诉、吩咐、命令某人做某事时用tell/order/command sb. to do sth.②The old man said to me, “Don't smoke in the hall.”→The old man told me not to smoke in the hall.这个老人告诉我不要在厅内吸烟。表示忠告某人(不)做某事，用advise sb.(not) to do sth.③The officer said to us, “Go away.”→The officer advised us to go away.这个官员建议我们离开。即时练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．She asked us          (have) a rest.答案：to have2．The teacher advised us not          (be) late for the meeting.答案：to be3．The commander ordered his men          (cross) the river before dawn.答案：to cross4．Mother told me          (go) back before 10：00.答案：to go5．Tom advised Alice          (start) her plan the next day.答案：to startⅡ.句型转换1．“Go over your test papers carefully before handing them in.” the teacher said.→The teacher              over our test papers carefully before handing them in.答案：asked us to go2．Tom said to Mary, “Don't leave your keys on the table.”→Tom asked Mary              keys on the table.答案：not to leave her3．“Stay where you are and do what I say，” he commanded.→He commanded              where we were and did what he said.答案：us to stay4．“Don't open the door before the bus stops，” Mr Zhang warned.→Mr Zhang                    the door before the bus stopped.答案：warned us not to open5．“Stop talking，” the monitor said to the class. →The monitor                        talking.答案：told the class to stop基础达标演练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Our English teacher made a request that our project          (hand) in before Friday.答案：(should) be handed2．The manager gave his command that measures          (take) immediately to correct all the mistakes made in marketing.答案：(should) be taken3．She was          (worry) than angry when her daughter didn't come home.答案：more worried4．The new pupil  has  some difficulties in          (communicate) with the teachers, so he doesn't want to go to school every day.答案：communicating5．For weeks on end people walked round the streets wearing masks, doing what they wanted without          (recognize)．答案：being recognized6．Compared with the former candidate,          latter is more fluent in oral English.答案：the7．As is known to all language learners, newly­learnt words will soon be forgotten unless          (frequent) used in everyday communication.答案：frequently8．After landing, he was unable to leave the airport, because roads into the city          (block)．答案：were blocked/had been blocked9．The number of unemployed people in Poland          (grow) by more than a quarter in the last month.答案：has grown10．         (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.答案：BasingⅡ.单句改错1．You should have made good use the time you spent together to discuss the matter. 答案：use后加of2．It was all because the job that she gave up the plan to take her holiday abroad. 答案：because后加of3．It is sometimes said that there is no so thing as the socalled “scientific method”； there are only the methods used in science. 答案：so→such4．He thought I had known the fact.  But actual, I knew nothing about it. 答案：actual→actually5．There was a expression of horror on her face when I saw her. 答案：a→anⅢ.教材微写作A．根据提示完成句子1．现在，英语在我们生活中的作用越来越重要。(at present; play an important part in)  答案：At present, English is playing a more and more important part in our life.2．因为这一点，很多人正在努力学习英语。(because of)  答案：Because of this, many people are trying hard to learn English.3．他们在学习英语的过程中遇到很多问题，如词汇、语法等。(such as)  答案：They have come across several problems in learning English, such as vocabulary and grammar, etc.4．很多人提出了解决它们的方法。(come up with)  答案：Many people come up with different methods to deal with them.5．在中国有很多人掌握了英语。(a large number of; have a good command of)  答案：In China, a large number of people have a good command of English. B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：At present, English is playing a more and more important part in our life, and because of this, many people are trying hard to learn English. But they have come across several problems in learning English, such as vocabulary and grammar, etc. Many people come up with different methods to deal with them. So, in China, a large number of people have a good command of English.