2021高考英语一轮统考复习第一部分教材重点全程攻略Book8Unit3Inventorsandinventions学案含解析新人教版

Unit 3  Inventors and inventions基础自主检测阅读识记Ⅰ.英译汉1.stainless adj. 无锈的；不锈的；没有污点的2.cube n. 立方体；立方3.valid adj. 有效的；确凿的4.dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的5.competence n. 能力；胜任；本领6.personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员Ⅱ.汉译英1.patent n. 专利证书；专利权2.ripe adj. 熟的；成熟的3.rainfall n. 降雨4.jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱5.version n. 版本；译本高频应用1.tap vt. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲　n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；水龙头2.seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺　　　　3.stable adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的4.product n. 产品5.file n. 文件；档案；文件夹　vt. 提交；将……归档6.bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担  7.dial vt. 拨(电话)8.abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的  9.merry adj. 愉快的；高兴的拓展变形1.distinguish (vi. & vt.) 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别→distinguished (adj.) 杰出的；著名的→distinguishment (n.) 区别2.merciful (adj.) 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→merciless (adj.) 残忍的；无情的→mercy (n.) 宽大；仁慈3.convenient (adj.) 便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience (n.) 便利；方便→inconvenient (反义词) (adj.) 不方便的；引起麻烦的4.caution (n.) 小心；谨慎→cautious (adj.) 小心的；谨慎的→cautiously (adv.) 小心地；谨慎地5.expectation (n.) 预料；期待；期望→expect (v.) 预料；期待；期望；认为→unexpected (adj.) 未预料到的6.passive (adj.) 被动的；消极的；被动语态的→active (反义词) (adj.) 积极的7.criterion (n.) (评判的)标准；尺度→criteria (pl.)  标准8.freezing (adj.) 冰冻的；严寒的→frozen (adj.) 冷冻的；结冰的→freeze (vi.) 冰冻；结冰 (vt.) 使……冻住，使……结冰9.innocent (adj.) 清白的；无罪的；天真的→innocence (n.) 天真；清白10.recognition (n.) 认出；认可；承认→recognize (vt.) 认出，识别；承认11.occasionally (adv.) 偶然地；不时地→occasional (adj.) 偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的→occasion (n.) 时机，机会；场合12.current (n.) (水或气)流；电流 (adj.) 现在的；当前的→currently (adv.) 现时；当前→currency (n.) 流行；通用；通货；货币13.associate (vt.) 联想；联系 (n.) 同伴；伙伴→association (n.) 协会；社团；联合；联想14.practical (adj.) 实际的；实践的；实用的→impractical (反义词)(adj.) 不切实际的；不现实的→practise (v.) 练习→practice (n.) 练习；实践1.三个特殊的名词单复数①标准 criterion (单数)，criteria (复数)②媒体 medium (单数)，media (复数)③细菌 bacterium (单数), bacteria (复数)2.含“rain”的合成词①rainfall n. 降雨量②raindrop n. 雨滴③rainwater n. 雨水④rainbow n. 彩虹⑤rainstorm n. 暴风雨⑥rainforest n. 雨林⑦raincoat n. 雨衣3.后缀­ive形容词①passive 被动的②active 主动的③positive 积极的④negative 消极的⑤subjective 主观的⑥expensive 昂贵的一 动词＋介/副词1.call up 给……打电话2.set about 开始；着手3.dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入4.set out (to do) 开始(做)5.set about (doing) 开始(做)6.hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住7.get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过8.ring back 回复电话9.ring off 挂断电话二 其他10.now and  then 偶尔；有时11.out_of order 违反规程的；发生故障1.“v.＋into”结构的短语荟萃①dive into 一心投入　　　②burst into 突然闯入③run into 撞上  ④look into 调查⑤knock into 撞上  ⑥break into 破门而入⑦look into 调查2.接打电话的常用动词短语①call/ring/phone sb. (up) 给……打电话make a phone/telephone call to sb. 给……打电话②pick up the telephone 接电话③hold on 等一等，别挂电话④answer the phone 接电话call/ring back 回电话return one's call 回电话⑤ring off 挂断电话hang up 挂断(电话)hang on 不挂断；稍等get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)________________________________________________1.there seems to be ... “好像有……”The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there_only_seemed_to_be (看来只有) powders designed to kill snakes.(教材P20)2.“only＋状语从句”引起的倒装Only_after_you_have_had_that_recognition (只有在已得到这种认可之后) can you say that you are truly an inventor.(教材P21)3.否定词nor置于句首时主句要部分倒装Nor_will_you_receive_a_patent_until (你才能获得专利，直到) a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.(教材P21)4.It's a matter of ... “这是……的问题”Now it's_a_matter_of (只是) waiting and hoping.(教材P21)5.every time “每次……”引导时间状语从句Every_time (每次) you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.(教材P25)6.祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句Follow_it_up (跟随它), explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.(教材P25)单句语法填空1.Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself ________ inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.答案：by2.I set about ________ (research) the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.答案：researching3.But once ________ (pick) up, they tried to bite me.答案：picked4.As they were ________ (poison) snakes, I clearly needed to improve my design again.答案：poisonous5.This was in the expectation ________ the snakes would bite again.答案：that6.________ (press) by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition ...答案：Pressed7.The criteria are so strict ________ it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.答案：that8.There are a large number of patent examiners, too, ________ only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not.答案：whose9.It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit ________ led to his most famous invention—the telephone in 1876.答案：that10.Bell was fully aware ________ the importance of his invention.答案：of考点步步冲关1 distinguish　vt.& vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them. (P20)这回我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。(1)distinguish ... from ...  把……与……区分开来distinguish between A and B 区分A与B(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；杰出的；著名的　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练1单句语法填空①There is something about music that distinguishes it ________ all other art forms.②The Town Hall completed in the 1800s was the most ________ (distinguish) building at that time.③The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have ________ (distinguish) right from wrong.答案：①from　②distinguished　③distinguishing2 expectation　n．预料；期待；期望This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. (P21)这是因为我预料蛇还会再咬人。(1)beyond expectation 超出预期live up to one's expectations 不辜负某人的期望come up to/meet one's expectations 达到某人的期望(2)expect vt.& vi. 期望；预料；预计expect sth./to do sth./that ...  期望某事/期望做某事/期望……be expected to do ...  被期望/有望做……expect sb. to do ...  期望某人做……　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练2单句语法填空①The beauties of the West Lake in spring were ________ his expectation.②Many students graduate from college in the expectation ________ they can soon find jobs in accordance with their wishes.③I'm determined to go all out to live up to my parents' ________ (expect)．④Our defeat ________ (expect) but it was disappointing nevertheless.答案：①beyond　②that　③expectations　④was expected一句多译人们怀着憧憬购置房产，期待其价格将继续强劲上涨。⑤People buy a house ________________ its price will continue to rise strongly. (expectation)⑥People buy a house ________________ its price will continue to rise strongly.(expect)答案：⑤in the expectation that　⑥expecting that3 bear　vt.忍受；忍耐；负担；带有；显示(标记或特征)；生(孩子)I can't bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue. (P24)我无法忍受烧烤架上香肠的焦糊味。(1)can't bear to do sth./doing sth. 不能忍受做某事(2)bear in mind that ... ＝bear/keep ... in mind 记住……(3)bear a heavy burden 肩负重担bear the responsibility/blame 承担/负有责任[名师点津]　bear表示“容忍；忍耐”时多与can/could连用，且多用于否定句和疑问句中。　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练3单句写作①水能载舟，亦能覆舟。The water that ____________ the boat is the same that swallows it up.②我无法忍受年轻人虚掷光阴。I can't ____________ young people ______________ their youth.③记住：成功来自于努力。____________ that success comes from hard work.④肩负重担，她必须努力工作抚养孩子。______________________， she has to work hard to bring up her children.答案：①bears　②bear; casting away　③Bear in mind④Bearing a heavy burden4 associate　vt.联想；联系　n. 同事；伙伴Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life. (P26)虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。(1)associate sb./sth. with sb./sth. 把某人/某事和某人/某事联系在一起；由某人/某事联想到某人/某事be associated with ... 和……有关associate with sb. 与某人交往或打交道(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；团体in association with ...  与……合伙/合作；与……相联系(3)associated adj. 关联的；联合的　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练4单句语法填空①I always associate the smell of those flowers ________ my childhood.②We are working in ________ (associate) with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.③Through science we've got the idea of ________ (associate) progress with the future.④Many words ________ (associate) with life in the West are Spanish in origin.答案：①with　②association　③associating　④associated一句多译我们必须把这两方面考虑进去，它们都关系到学生们的安全。⑤We must take two aspects into consideration, __________________ the safety of the students. (定语从句)⑥We must take two aspects into consideration, ________________ the safety of the students. (独立主格)答案：⑤both of which are associated with　⑥both of them associated with1call up 给……打电话；使……回忆起教材原句When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.(P20)我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。(1)call at 拜访(某个地点)call in 打电话来；召来，叫来(服务)call off 取消；停止call on/upon 短暂探访(某人)；号召；呼吁call for 呼吁；要求；需要；去接(某人)call out 大声呼叫；召集(2)ring/call back 回复电话ring off/hang up 挂断电话give sb. a ring/call 给某人打电话(3)hang/hold on不挂断电话　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练1用call相关短语的适当形式填空①They decided to ________________ a doctor because the child was not any better.②This is a problem that ______________ an immediate solution.③The boy on watch started ________________ when he saw somebody approaching.④He had to ________________ the meeting because of the bad weather.⑤This picture ________________ my memories of the amusing experience.⑥We ______________ our new neighbour's house last week.答案：①call in　②calls for　③calling out　④call off 　⑤calls/called up　⑥called at2get through 接通电话；(设法)做完；用完；通过；完成教材原句I can't get through.(P26)我打不通电话。(1)get across 传达；解释清楚get along with sb.与某人相处融洽get away with sth.携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚get down to sth./doing sth. 开始做某事；认真处理某事get over克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来(2)go through经历；检查look through 浏览；仔细查看live through经历(艰难或险境)　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练2写出下列句中get through的含义①I managed to get  through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.________②I couldn't get through to her because her phone was busy all day.________③She found writing helped her get through the rough days.________④Luckily, he got through the exam and his efforts paid off.________⑤The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.________答案：①(设法)完成　②打通电话　③渡过　④通过　⑤用完用get相关短语的适当形式填空⑥We all hope that he can ________________ the freezing winter and get better.⑦He has never really ________________ the loss of his wife.⑧It's time you  ____________________ some practice or the other students will leave you behind.⑨He's not very good at _________ his ideas _________.答案：⑥get through　⑦get over　⑧get down to　⑨getting; acrossFollow_it_up,_explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. (P25)翻译跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞着你的大脑。本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。这个祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。“祈使句＋陈述句”的其他形式为：(1)“祈使句＋破折号＋陈述句”结构。(2)“名词短语＋and＋陈述句”(名词短语中通常含有more, another, further, earlier等词)结构。(3)“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”结构，or表示“否则；要不然的话”，or可用or else或otherwise替换，从反面来预测结果。[名师点津]　此句型容易和分词作状语混淆，试比较：(1)Follow the road round to the right and you'll find his house.(祈使句)(2)Following the road round to the right, she found his house.(分词作状语)　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练单句语法填空①Give me a chance, ________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.②Please call me up before you come, ________ we might be out.③________ (check) my composition again, I found some spelling mistakes.答案：①and　②otherwise/or else/or　③Checking一句多译帮我一个忙，我会感激你的。④__________________， and I will be grateful to you.(祈使句)⑤__________________， I will be grateful to you. (if条件句)答案：④Do me a favour　⑤If you do me a favour过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语过去分词作定语1．及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示与所修饰的名词构成被动或完成的关系。这时，相当于一个定语从句。①The meeting, which was attended by a lot of people, was a success. (用分词改写)→The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success.许多人参加的这个会议很成功。2．有些不及物动词的过去分词(只限于单个分词，且不能后置)也可作定语，此时只表示完成的动作，而不表示“被动”的意义。②We drank some boiled water and went on with our work.我们喝了一些开水继续我们的工作。过去分词作表语　过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。③When hearing of it, we were deeply moved.当听到这件事的时候，我们深深地感动了。过去分词作宾语补足语　过去分词作宾补，与前面的宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。1．过去分词可作表示感觉或心理状态的动词的宾语补足语，这类动词有“see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel, find, think, consider”等。④Tom found himself involved in an awkward situation.汤姆发现自己陷入一个令人尴尬的境地。2．过去分词可作使役动词的宾语补足语，这类动词有“make, have, get, keep, leave”等。⑤We will keep you informed of whatever happens.我们将让你知道发生的任何事情。3．过去分词可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词有“want, like, wish, expect”等。⑥He won't like such questions discussed at the meeting.他不喜欢那样的问题在会议上被讨论。4．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构中。⑦The thief was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.这个贼被带进来，手绑在背后。　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．John Snow, a personal physician of Queen Victoria, was willing to help ordinary people ________ (expose) to cholera, the deadly disease of its day.答案：exposed2．The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________ (develop) after great effort.答案：developed3．Well, his father seems ________ (please) with his result.答案：pleased4．Most of the people ________ (invite) to the conference were my old friends.答案：invitedⅡ.单句改错1．You'd better have the room tidying. It is in a mess.________________________________________________答案：tidying→tidied2．Some guests were invited to the party were late because of the traffic jam.________________________________________________答案：去掉第一个were或其前加who3．In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words using in daily conversations.________________________________________________答案：using→used4．The man seemed quite disappointing.________________________________________________答案：disappointing→disappointed基础达标演练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．He called me ________ to tell me about it.答案：up2．Read this story, ________ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.答案：and3．Colour­blind people often find it difficult to distinguish ________ blue and green.答案：between4．I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ________ (recognize)．答案：recognition5．Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set ________ preparing your business plan.答案：about6．If you have to catch the first bus every day, choose this hotel. ________ is very convenient for the station—it's  only a two­minute walk.答案：It7．He couldn't bear ________ (bother) by the loud noise from the stores and the lights on the street, so he moved on.答案：being bothered/to be bothered8．Having made the plan, she set out ________ (do) the experiment.答案：to do9．Sorry, there is nobody here with that name. You must ________ (dial) the wrong number.答案：have dialled10．Those always ________ (associate) money with happiness may never feel happy, for they are never content.答案：associatingⅡ.单句改错1．When we saw the road blocking with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.________________________________________________答案：blocking→blocked2．Forgetting the past, leave the sadness behind, and you'll see the door of a new bright world open before you.________________________________________________答案：Forgetting→Forget3．It is so cold and frozen that we have to stay at home.________________________________________________答案：frozen→freezing4．The telephone is out of the order; therefore, we cannot get in touch with the boss.________________________________________________答案：去掉order前的the5．It was not until she got home when Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.________________________________________________答案：when→thatⅢ.教材微写作A．根据提示完成句子1．David是一个谨慎而成功的商人，他的一项新产品获得了专利。(cautious; patent)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：David, who was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product.2．令他高兴的是这款产品很畅销，但是后来他发现产品没有达到标准。(criteria)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Much to his delight, this product sold well, but later he found his product didn't live up to the criteria.3．他没有气馁，而是抓住一切机会改善产品。(improve)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：He didn't lose heart but seized every chance to improve the product.4．他希望自己的产品能最终经受得住市场的考验。(expect)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market.5．最终，在自己的努力下，他获得了巨大的成功，自己的收入稳定增长。(stable)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Eventually, it was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his income had a stable increase.B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：David, who was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product. Much to his delight, this product sold well, but later he found his product didn't live up to the criteria. However, he didn't lose heart but seized every chance to improve it. He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market. Eventually, it was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his income had a stable increase.