2021高考英语一轮统考复习第一部分教材重点全程攻略Book2Unit3Computers学案含解析新人教版

Unit 3  Computers基础自主检测 阅读识记Ⅰ.英译汉1.revolution n. 革命2.virus n. 病毒3.coach n. 教练4.mop n. 拖把　vt. 用拖把拖；擦Ⅱ.汉译英1.tube n. 管；管子；电子管2.web n. 网3.rocket n. 火箭4.niece n. 侄女；甥女高频应用1.sum n. 总数；算术题；金额　　　　　2.artificial adj.  人造的；假的3.network n. 网络；网状物  4.mobile adj. 可移动的；机动的5.anyhow adv. 无论如何；即使如此  6.goal n. 目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分7.download vt. 下载  8.signal vi.& vt. 发信号　n. 信号拓展变形1.calculate  (vt.) 计算→calculation (n.) 计算2.universal (adj.) 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的→universe (n.) 宇宙；天地万物3.simplify  (vt.) 简化→simple (adj.) 简单的→simply (adv.) 仅仅；只；不过4.operator (n.) (电脑)操作员；接线员→operate (v.) 运转；工作→operation (n.) 手术；运作5.logical  (adj.) 合逻辑的；合情理的→logically (adv.) 逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地6.technology  (n.) 工艺；科技；技术→technological (adj.) 科技的7.intelligence  (n.) 智力；聪明；智能→intelligent (adj.) 智能的；聪明的8.solve  (vt.) 解决；解答→solution (n.) 解决；解答9.reality  (n.) 真实；事实；现实→real (adj.) 真正的；真实的→really (adv.) 真正地；确实地10.personal  (adj.) 私人的；个人的；亲自的→personally  (adv.) 就个人而言；亲自→personality (n.) 个性；人格；名人11.total  (adj.) 总的；整个的 (n.) 总数；合计 (vt.) 共计；总计→totally (adv.) 完全地；整个地12.application  (n.) 应用；用途；申请→apply (v.) 应用；申请→applicant (n.) 申请人；求职者→applied (adj.) 应用的；实用的13.finance  (n.) 金融；财经→financial (adj.) 金融的；财政的14.explore  (vt. & vi.) 探索；探测；探究→explorer (n.) 探险家；勘探者→exploration (n.) 探索15.happiness (n.)  幸福；快乐→happy (adj.) 高兴的；快乐的16.type  (n.) 类型 (vt. & vi.) 打字→typist (n.) 打字员17.arise (vi.) 出现；发生→arose (过去式)→arisen (过去分词)18.electronic  (adj.) 电子的→electricity (n.) 电；电学19.appearance (n.) 外观；外貌；出现→appear (vi.) 出现20.character  (n.) 性格；特点→characteristic (adj.) 典型的；独特的；特有的 (n.) 特征；特色 1.以后缀­ify结尾的动词荟萃①simplify 简化②beautify 美化③purify 净化④identify 鉴定；识别出⑤classify 分类⑥horrify 使恐惧⑦modify 修改；修饰⑧electrify 使电气化2.后缀­ology高频名词一览①technology 科技②biology 生物学③ecology 生态学④geology 地质学⑤psychology 心理学⑥physiology 生理学3.ABC式过去式、过去分词变化①arise→arose→arisen②drive→drove→driven③ride→rode→ridden④rise→rose→risen⑤write→wrote→written4.“互联网”家族①download vt. 下载②upload vt. 上传③click vt. 点击④connect vt. 连接⑤surf vi.& vt. 浏览⑥network n. 网络⑦database n. 数据库；资料库 一 动词＋介/副词1.deal with 处理；安排；对付2.watch over 看守；监视；照管3.make up 弥补；编造；打扮；构成二 介词＋名词4.as a result 结果5.in a way 在某种程度上6.with the help of 在……的帮助下三 其他7.have sth. in common  有共同之处8.from ...  on 从……时起9.after all 毕竟；终究make相关短语面面观①make up 弥补；构成；编造；化妆②make believe 假装③make for 走向，前往，向……前进；有利于④make out 填写；开支票；理解；辨认⑤make towards 向……前进⑥make it 就这么定了，成功，达到某一特定目标⑦make sense 讲得通；有意义⑧make clear 澄清；弄清楚；说明 1.before “……之后才……”，引导时间状语从句I developed very slowly and  it took nearly two hundred years before (差不多过了两百年才) I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.(教材P18)2.as “随着”，引导时间状语从句 As time went by (随着时间的推移), I was made smaller.(教材P18)3.so ... that ... “如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句Over time my memory has developed so much that (如此快以至于), like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told！(教材P18)4.It is＋adj.＋to do sth.“做某事是……的”I think it's impossible to live (无法生活) without computers！(教材P19)5.by the time ... “到……为止” By the time I was sixteen (在我满十六岁时)，my dream had come true.(教材P20)6.what引导表语从句After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I'm all about (我的一切)！(教材P23) 单句语法填空1.From then on, I grew          (rapid) both in size and in brainpower.答案：rapidly2.By the 1940s I          (grow) as large as a room, and I wondered          I would grow any larger.答案：had grown; if3.And my memory became          large that even I couldn't believe it！答案：so4.But I was always so lonely          (stand) there by myself, until in the early 1960s they gave me a family          (connect) by a network.答案：standing; connected5.Since the 1970s, many new applications          (find) for me.答案：have been found6.I have also been put into robots and used          (make) mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.答案：to make7.Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans          a life of high quality.答案：with8.We are determined          (create) an even better system.答案：to create9.She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while          (watch) human games.答案：watching10.Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation          (arise).答案：arises 考点步步冲关1 solve　vt.解决；解答In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.(P18)在1936年，我真正的父亲艾伦·图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。(1)solve a problem 解决一个问题(2)solution n. 解决办法；处理手段a/the solution to sth. ……的解决方法 即时练1单句语法填空①With most of the problems          (solve), I felt a great weight taken off my mind.②It may take a long time to find a          (solve) to the problem.答案：①solved　②solution单句写作③为了解决这个问题，我和我的朋友一心要给学校提些建议。                        ， I, together with my friends, am bent on giving some suggestions to our school.答案：In order to solve the problem 2 totally　adv. 完全地；整个地As a result I totally changed my shape.(P18)因此，我已经完全改变了形状。 total adj.总的；整个的　n．总数；合计　v．总计；共计a total of 总共……in total (＝in all) 总计；总共 即时练2单句语法填空①You got 47 points on the written examination and 18 on the oral, making a total          65.②         total, 25% of India's working­age population has no education.③They came from          (total) different cultures.答案：①of　②In　③totally 3 arise　vi.出现；发生；(由……)引起；起身；起床Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.(P23)然后她把我在新情况下能用得上的可靠动作准备好。(1)arise表示“出现；发生”之意时，其主语多为problem, argument, quarrel, danger, movement, question等抽象名词，多指不好的事情发生或出现。(2)arise from/out of由……而引起；由……而产生 [一言辨异]　One of the problems arising from the present economic situation is that the price is rising sharply, of course, partly because some illegal businessmen raise it on purpose, which has aroused some objections.当前经济形势产生的问题之一是价格迅速上涨，当然，部分原因是一些不法商贩故意提高价格；这种现象已经引起了一些反对之声。 即时练3写出下列句中arise的含义①Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment.         ②Mistakes often arise from carelessness.        ③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.        ④Seeing their teacher come into the classroom, all the students arose from the chairs.        答案：①出现；产生　②由……引起　③起床　④起身单句语法填空⑤A new difficulty has          (arise)．⑥Problems arise          the lack of communication.答案：⑤arisen　⑥from/out of 1as a result 结果；因此教材原句 As a result I totally changed my shape.(P18)因此，我已经完全改变了形状。as a result表示“结果；因此”，引出结果，在句中充当状语as a result of表示“作为……的结果；由于”，引出原因，是介词短语result from由……造成；因……而产生result in导致 即时练1一句多译普遍认为他是因为过度劳累而得了疾病。①It's generally believed that his illness                the overwork.②It's generally believed that the overwork              his illness.③It's generally believed that he suffered from illness                    the overwork.答案：①resulted from　②resulted in　③as a result of2in a way 在某种程度上教材原句 In a way  our programmer is like our coach.(P23)在某种程度上，我们的程序员就像我们的教练。all the way一路上；自始至终；完全by the way   顺便问一下by way of    经由；通过……方法in this way    用这种方式；通过这种方式in no way   决不in the way   挡道；碍事No way!    [俚]别想！没门！[名师点津]　(1)表达“在某种程度上”时，还可用in a sense, to a/some degree及to an/some extent三个短语。(2)in no way置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。 即时练2用way相关短语的适当形式填空①              ， he has made great progress this term.②Her social life got                  of her studies.③He decided that he would drive                home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.④                ， I found that book you were looking for.⑤All the goods were transported                the Netherlands.⑥Only                  can we grow up to be independent and become truly successful.⑦               should you lose heart when you are faced with difficulties.答案：①In a way　②in the way　③all the way　④By the way　⑤by way of　⑥in this way　⑦In no way 3deal with 处理；安排；对付；涉及；讨论；与……交易教材原句This means that it should clean the house, mop the floors, cook the dinner and  deal with telephone calls.(P24)这就意味着，我的机器人要打扫房间、擦地板、做饭和接听电话。do with sth.处理某事deal in sth.做……生意；经营；买卖；对某事感兴趣make a deal 达成协议；做成交易It's a deal! 成交/一言为定！[名师点津]　(1)deal with意为“处理；对待；对付；涉及；与……交易”等众多含义，其中的deal为不及物动词，常与疑问副词how连用。(2)在do with短语中，do为及物动词，表示“处理、对待”，要与疑问代词what连用。 即时练3写出下列句中deal with的含义①There are too many difficulties for us to deal with.        ②He has learnt to deal properly with all kinds of complicated situations.        ③It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics.        ④They have learnt to deal with various persons.        答案：①处理　②应付　③涉及　④与……打交道单句语法填空⑤I've dealt          this company for 20 years.⑥If you'll knock down the price by another 5 dollars, it's          deal.答案：⑤with　⑥a句型转换⑦I don't know how they will deal with the problem.→I don't know          they will do with the problem.答案：what 1As  time went by, I was made smaller.(P18)翻译随着时间的推移，我被弄得越来越小。(1)as是连词，在该句中引导时间状语从句。(2)with是介词，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构，如：with time going by “随着时间的流逝”。 即时练1单句语法填空①As we grow          (old), we get wiser.②With winter          (come) on, it is getting colder and colder day by day.答案：①older　②coming一句多译随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。③                     ， I gradually adapted myself to the school life. (as)④                             ， I gradually adapted myself to the school life. (with)答案：③As time went by　④With time going by 2And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it！(P18)翻译我的存储容量变得如此巨大，连我自己都不能相信！so/such ... that 引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。(1)so ... that ... 句型的常见形式：(2)such ... that ... 句型的基本结构：(3)当so ... /such ... 放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 即时练2单句语法填空①At that time I loved basketball          much that I played all day long.②Dalian is          an attractive place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.③It is          lovely weather that we all want to go out for a walk.答案：①so　②such　③such单句写作——句式升级④我们做得那么好以至于被邀请与全校同学分享观点和经验。a．普通表达：We did                  we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.b．高级表达：                         we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.(倒装句)答案：a.so well that　b．So well did we do that 现在完成时的被动语态结构肯定式主语＋have/has been done ... 否定式主语＋have/has not been done ... 一般疑问式Have/Has＋主语＋been done ... ？特殊疑问式特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ... ？ 用法1．表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响和结果，且这个动作与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。①Jack's boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.→Jack has always been praised by his boss for his devotion to work.杰克时常因为尽职于工作而受到老板的表扬。2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始，持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。常与“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”等时间状语连用，此时，该被动语态的动词应使用延续性动词。②They have built many houses in the village in the past few years.→Many houses have been built in the village in the past few years.过去几年，他们在这个村庄建造了许多的房子。 即时练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Shakespeare's play Hamlet          (make) into at least ten different films over the past years.答案：has been made2．Up to now, thousands of red phone boxes, the old image of Britain,          (remove) due to mobile phones.答案：have been removed3．Paper money          (use) for over a thousand years.答案：has been used4．Recently, many cities in the world          (build) along the river.答案：have been built5．They          (not tell) the news that our team won the game, have they?答案：haven't been toldⅡ.单句改错1．A personal computer has bought by my parents. 答案：has后加been2．High quality of oil have been used for cooking in the restaurant in the past few years. 答案：have→has3．These patients have been taken good care since they moved to the hospital. 答案：care后加of4．Much has been said but little has done about the issue. 答案：done前加been5．Many high­rise flats have built in my hometown in recent years. 答案：built 前加been 基础达标演练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．If you are not          (total) satisfied, return it at our expense.答案：totally2．I saw a person          (signal) for help by the shore.答案：signaling3．With many problems          (arise), he didn't know what to do next.答案：arising4．         (person) speaking, I am satisfied with all the work you have done.答案：Personally5．Money does not always bring          (happy), but without it people often can't live well.答案：happiness6．This question is too difficult for the children. I think we'd better find a way to          (simple) it.答案：simplify7．After graduating from the college, he made an          (apply) to the school for a job as a teacher.答案：application8．Although more advanced equipment can provide you          more choices, it cannot take the place of practice and experience.答案：with9．The students are looking forward to having an opportunity          (explore) society for real­life experience.答案：to explore10．With global warming becoming more and more serious, it won't be long          some coastal cities disappear.答案：beforeⅡ.单句改错1．It won't be long before we will know the result of the experiment. 答案：去掉will2．Your main task today is help your mother wash the curtains. 答案：is后加to3．In the way, I'm glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you. 答案：the→a4．The environment of Hong Kong is very outstanding that it is chosen as one of the world's most livable cities. 答案：very→so5．Can you give me some advice on what to deal with this difficulty? 答案：what→how或deal→doⅢ.教材微写作A．根据提示完成句子1．近来，高智商的机器人出现了。(intelligent; arise)  答案：Highly intelligent robots have arisen recently.2．有些可以打字、发信号。(type; signal)  答案：Some can type and signal.3．有些能处理一些重要事情。(deal with)  答案：Some can deal with some important things.4．在某种程度上，电脑改变了我们的生活。(in a way)  答案：In a way, computers have changed our life.5．许多学生对电脑如此着迷以至于在电脑上花费了太多的时间。(so ... that ...)  答案：Many students become so crazy about computers that they spend too much time on them.6．结果，一些学生在考试中失败。(as a result)  答案：As a result, some of the students fail in the exam.7．即使如此，电脑在我们的日常生活中起很重要的作用。(anyhow)  答案：Anyhow, computers play an important part in our daily life.B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：Highly intelligent robots have arisen recently, some of which can type, signal,  and even deal with some important things. In a way, computers have changed our life. However,  many students become so crazy about computers that they spend too much time on them. As a result, some of the students fail in the exam. Anyhow, computers play an important part in our daily life.