2021高考英语一轮统考复习第一部分教材重点全程攻略Book7Unit2Robots学案含解析新人教版

Unit 2  Robots基础自主检测阅读识记Ⅰ.英译汉1.bonus n. 额外津贴；奖金；红利2.apron n. 围裙3.absurd adj. 荒谬的；可笑的4.clerk n. 售货员；职员；旅馆接待员5.cuisine n. 烹饪(风味)；菜肴6.mailbox n. 〈美〉邮筒；信箱7.biochemistry n. 生物化学8.theoretical adj. 理论(上)的；假设的9.framework n. 框架；结构Ⅱ.汉译英1.fiction n. 小说；虚构或想象出来的事2.haircut n. 发型；理发3.cushion n. (坐、跪时用的)软垫；靠垫；垫子4.bedding n. 寝具；铺盖5.necklace n. 项链6.armchair n. 扶手椅；单座沙发7.biography n. (由他人撰写的)传记；传记文学8.part­time adj. 兼职的高频应用1.alarm n. 警报；惊恐　vt. 使警觉；使惊恐；惊动2.overweight adj. 超重的；体重超常的3.pile n. 堆；摞；叠；　vi. 堆积；堆起　vt. 把……堆起；积聚4.scan vt. 细看；仔细检查；粗略地看；浏览；扫描5.counter n. 柜台；计数器6.awful adj. 极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的；(口语)糟透的7.affair n. 事务；事情；暧昧关系8.digital adj. 数字的；数码的；手指的；脚趾的9.aside adv. 在一边；向一边　　　　　　10.grand adj. 大的；豪华的；雄伟的11.receiver n. 收件人；接收机；电话听筒  12.bound adj. 一定的；密切相关的13.staff n. 全体员工；手杖  14.thinking n. 思想；思考15.divorce n. 离婚；断绝关系 vt. 与……离婚；与……脱离拓展变形1.desire (n.) 渴望；欲望；渴求 (vt.) 希望得到；想要→desirable (adj.) 渴望得到的；值得拥有的2.satisfaction (n.) 满意；满足；令人满意的事物→satisfy (vt.) 使满足；使满意→satisfying/satisfactory (adj.) 令人满意的→satisfied (adj.) 满意的3.sympathy (n.) 同情(心)→sympathetic (adj.) 同情的4.elegant (adj.) 优雅的；高雅的；讲究的→elegance (n.) 优雅；高雅5.favour (n.) 喜爱；恩惠 (vt.) 喜爱；偏袒→favourable (adj.) 赞成的；有利的→favourite (adj.) 最喜爱的6.accompany (vt.) 陪伴；伴奏→company (n.) 陪伴；做伴；公司→companion (n.) 伙伴；伴侣；同伴7.declare (vt.) 宣布；声明；表明；宣称→declaration (n.) 宣言；公布8.envy (vt.) 忌妒；羡慕→envious (adj.) 忌妒的；羡慕的9.affection (n.) 喜爱；爱；感情→affect (vt.) 影响；感动→effect (n.) 结果；作用；影响→effective (adj.) 有效果的10.imagination (n.) 想象(力)；创造力；幻想物→imagine (vt.) 想象→imaginary (adj.) 想象的→image (n.) 形象；图像11.junior (adj.) 较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的 (n.) 年少者；晚辈；等级较低者→senior (adj.) 年长的；资历较老的；地位较高的；高级的 (n.) 前辈；资历深者；年长者12.talent (n.) 天才；特殊能力；才干→talented (adj.) 有才气的；有才能的13.obey (vt.& vi.) 服从；顺从→disobey (反义词)(vt.& vi.) 不服从；违抗14.assessment (n.) 评价；评定→assess (vt.) 估价；评定1.over­前缀词全接触①overweight adj. 超重的②overload vt. 超载③overvalue vt. 高估④overwork v. 过度工作⑤overuse vt. 过度使用2.以“­fy”结尾的动词集锦①satisfy 使满意②beautify 美化③classify 分类④purify 净化⑤simplify 简化3.“一字母之差”的单词一览①affect vt. 影响→effect n. 影响；作用②fellow n. 家伙→follow v. 跟随③willow n. 垂柳→pillow n. 枕头④weep v. 哭泣→peep vi.窥视⑤will n. 意愿→fill v. 填充一 动词＋介/副词1.test out 考验出；检验完2.reach for 伸手去够3.accompany sb. to ... 陪伴某人到……4.ring up 给……打电话5.turn around 转向；回转6.leave ... alone 不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起7.set aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)8.take sth. seriously 严肃对待某事二 be＋形容词＋介词9.be bound to 必然；一定要三 其他10.or rather 更确切地说11.in all 一共；总计1.rather相关短语一览①or rather 更确切地说②rather than 而不是③would rather 宁愿2.打电话相关短语大全①ring sb. up 给某人打电话②call sb. up 给某人打电话③give sb. a (phone) call/ring 给某人打个电话④call/ring back 回电话⑤hold on 别挂断⑥ring off/hang up 挂断⑦get through 接通电话_________________________________________________________________1.more ... than ... “与其(说)……倒不如(说)……”His name was Tony and he seemed more_like_a_human_than_a_machine (与其说像一台机器，倒不如说更像人)．(教材P11)2.there be/seems/stands ... 倒装句As she turned around, there_stood (站在那儿) Gladys Claffern.(教材P11)3.It is/was ... that/who ... 强调句结构It_was_then_that (就是在那个时候) Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window.(教材P12)4.have sb./sth. doing “容忍/允许某人/某物做某事”But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt—you cannot have_women_falling_in_love_with_machines (不能让女人与机器相爱)．(教材P12)5.have sth. done “让……被做”Asimov began having_stories_published (发表小说) in science fiction magazines in 1939.(教材P16)单句语法填空1.It was going to be tested ________ by Larry's wife, Claire.答案：out2.On the second morning Tony, ________ (wear) an apron, brought her breakfast.答案：wearing3.As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself ________ (smart) and her home more elegant.答案：smarter4.As he was not allowed ________ (accompany) her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.答案：to accompany5.________the amused and surprised look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair.答案：By6.Tony told her and suggested that she ________ (invite) Gladys and her friends to the house.答案：(should) invite7.She fell off a ladder and even though Tony was in the next room, he managed ________ (catch) her in time.答案：to catch8.She screamed, ________ (push) him away and ran to her room for the rest of the day.答案：pushed9.Asimov's life began in Russia, ________ he was born on 2nd January, 1920.答案：where10.Use a clear simple style as if you ________ (be) writing to younger students in your school.答案：were考点步步冲关1 desire　n．渴望；欲望；渴求　　　vt.希望得到；想要Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires？(P10)你认为机器人有可能有自己的需求和愿望吗？(1)have a strong desire(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事(3)desirable adj. 令人满意的；可取的；值得拥有的[名师点津]　desire不用于进行时。后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。此外，由desire转化来的形容词或名词后的主语从句或表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。即时练1单句语法填空①He has a desire ________ success though he has failed many times.②It is not easy to get a ________ (desire) job that corresponds with interests.③Anyone ________ (desire) to vote must come to the meeting.④We desire that immediate help ________ (give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.答案：①for　②desirable　③desiring　④(should) be given一句多译离婚后，她急切地想开一个属于自己的小商店。⑤Following the divorce, she __________________ of her own. (desire v．)⑥Following the divorce, she __________________ of her own. (desire n．)⑦Following the divorce, she ___________________ of her own. (desire that ...)答案：⑤desired to open/own a small shop　⑥had a desire to open/own a small shop　⑦desired that she (should) open/own a small shop2 sympathy　n．同情(心)Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.(P11)克莱尔觉得机器人向她表示同情有点荒唐可笑。have/feel sympathy for sb.对某人表示同情get sympathy from sb.获得某人的同情out of sympathy 出于同情express sympathy for (对……表示)体恤/同情in sympathy with 同情；赞成out of sympathy with 不赞成，不支持；不同情 即时练2单句语法填空①Looking at the photos, I couldn't help feeling sympathy ________ the deaths in the earthquake.②Out ________ sympathy for the homeless children he gave them shelter for the night.③The steel workers went on strike ________ sympathy with the miners.答案：①for　②of　③in 3 favour　n．喜爱；恩惠；帮助；偏袒vt.喜爱；偏袒As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant.(P11)托尼为了让克莱尔高兴起来，答应帮助她，使她变得更漂亮，使她的家变得更高雅大方。(1)ask sb. a favour 请某人帮忙do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙owe sb. a favour 欠某人人情(2)in favour of 赞同；支持in one's favour 有利于某人(3)favourite adj. 特别受喜爱的 n. 特别喜爱的人(物)注：favor和favour两种拼写方法均可。　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练3单句语法填空①Coffee has been a part of people's lives for thousands of years, and today it is still one of the ________ (favour) drinks in the world.②Our products have good fame at home and abroad, deeply ________ (favour) by customers.答案：①favourite　②favoured一句多译他赞成为了同所有爱好和平的国家改善关系而进行努力。③He ________________ to improve relations with all peace­loving countries. (favour v．)④He ________________ to improve relations with all peace­loving countries. (favour n．)答案：③favoured the efforts　④was in favour of the efforts4 accompany　vt.陪伴；伴奏；伴随As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.(P11)因为不允许托尼陪克莱尔去商店，因此托尼为她列了一个物品清单。(1)accompany sb. to ... 陪某人到……(to为介词)accompany sb. at/on sth. 用某物(尤指用钢琴)为某人伴奏accompany ... with ... 伴随着；兼带有be accompanied by ... 由……陪伴/伴随(2)in company with 与……一起；陪同keep sb. company 陪伴某人(3)companion n. 同伴，伙伴[名师点津]　汉语中的“陪伴某人做某事”用英语不能表达成“accompany sb. to do sth.”而是表达成“accompany sb. to a place”或者“to do sth. in company with sb.”。　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练4单句语法填空①While she danced wonderfully on the stage, her mother accompanied her ________ the piano.②You will make yourself understood better if you accompany your words ________ gestures.③Wally, ________ (accompany) by the nurse, was flown directly to a hospital for more intensive treatment.答案：①on/at　②with　③accompanied一句多译上周，我们和几个外国游客一起参观了博物馆。④We visited the museum ______________ a few foreign tourists last week. (company)⑤We visited the museum ______________ a few foreign tourists last week. (accompany)答案：④in company with　⑤accompanied by 5 declare　vt.宣布；表明；声明；宣称She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn't want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.(P11)她大叫一声“托尼”，接着她就听到托尼郑重地说第二天他不想离开她，并且他并不满足于仅仅使她开心。declare sb./sth. to be ... 宣布某人或某事是……declare for/against ... 宣布支持/反对……declare war (on ...) (向……)宣战declare sth. open/closed 宣布某事开始/结束declare通常指正式、明确地向公众“宣布；宣告；声明”，侧重“当众”发表，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等，往往带有权威性。后面可跟复合宾语announce指正式地“公开；发表；宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息。需要接间接宾语时，要在间接宾语前加to[一言辨异]　Our country has declared against any war between  the two countries, which will be announced to the nation.我们国家已经声明反对两国间的任何战争，而且将会对全民宣布。　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练5单句语法填空①I disliked my present job, but my father declared ________ my idea.②When the result ________ (declare) the great crowd outside the town hall cheered wildly.③During the Greece­Persia War, Athens gained the final success, so they sent a soldier to run back home, ________ (declare) the end of the war.答案：①against　②was declared　③declaring用announce/declare的适当形式填空④It was only last February that he ________ he would run for president.⑤His lawyers are confident that the judges will ________ Mr Stevens innocent.答案：④announced　⑤declare1ring up 给……打电话教材原句When the clerk at the counter was rude to her, she rang Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him. (P11)柜台售货员对她很粗鲁，她就打电话给托尼，让售货员同托尼讲话。(1)call sb./telephone sb./phone sb. /give sb. a call/give sb. a ring 给某人打电话(2)ring/call back 回电话(3)ring off/hang up 挂断电话(4)hold on 别挂断　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练1单句写作①我打电话预约了一下。I ________________ and made an appointment.②你能让他给我回电话吗？Can you ask him to ____________ me __________？③我还未来得及解释他就挂了电话。He __________________ before I could explain.④先别挂电话好吗？我去看看经理在不在办公室。Can you __________________？ I'll see if the manager is in the office.答案：①rang up　②ring/call; back　③rang off/hung up　④hold on2leave ... alone 不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起教材原句She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed. (P12)她高声嚷着：“让我独自待一会儿！”然后就跑上了床。leave aside 把某事搁置一边；不予考虑leave out 省略；遗漏leave for ...  动身去……leave behind 留下；把……丢在后面　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练2单句语法填空①He was asked to leave ________ another city in 24 hours.②The teacher required us to leave ________ some unnecessary words in our essays.③What's your opinion, leaving ________ the question of expense?答案：①for　②out　③aside单句写作④Generally, we enjoy our friends' company, but there are occasions when we hope ______________ (独处) for a while.⑤You have to follow closely if you want to avoid ________________ (落后)．答案：④to be left alone/to leave ourselves alone　⑤being left behind3set aside 将……放在一边；省出或留出(钱或时间)教材原句He felt happy when his boss stated that he could set aside some time for exercise.(P13)当他的老板说他可以留出一些时间进行锻炼时，他感到高兴。(1)set off 出发；动身；引爆；引起set about doing 着手；开始(做……)(后接名词、动名词)set out (to do ... ) 出发；开始(做……)(后接不定式)set down 放下；记下set up 建立；搭建(2)lay aside 放在一边put aside 积蓄；搁一搁　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练3单句语法填空①As soon as she arrived, she set ________ tidying up the room.②The old couple tried to set ________ some extra money for some purpose.③The school has set ________ a special class to help those poor learners.④Having said goodbye to their friends, they set ________ for their destination.⑤His speech set ________ violence in the crowd.⑥He will set ________ all his important thoughts in his diary when they are fresh in his mind.答案：①about　②aside　③up　④off/out　⑤off　⑥downBut even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt—you cannot have_women_falling_in_love_with_machines.(P12)翻译但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还得作一番改造——总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。have 在此为使役动词，意为“使……；让……”。常用结构如下：(1)have sb./sth. doing “让……不停地做某事/处于某种状态”；若用于否定句中，have表示“容忍；容许”之意。(2)have sth. done 表示“使某事被做”或“遭遇某事”(宾语与宾补为被动关系)。(3)have sb. do “让某人做……”(指一次性的具体的动作)，其中do前面不能带to。(4)have sth. to do，这一结构中have 意为“有”，即“有某事要做”，不定式作定语。主动表被动。　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练单句语法填空①Growing up, I had people ________ (tell) me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150＋at 17, I'm anything but stupid.②It's important to have your eyes __________ (examine) regularly.③I had Mary __________ (clean) my bedroom yesterday.④If you have something awful ________ (say), have the courage to face the person and say it.答案：①telling　②examined　③clean　④to say被动语态(包括to do 不定式)谓语动词的被动语态1．其构成为“be＋done”，不同时态体现在助动词be上。①The magazine is published in Shanghai.这本杂志在上海出版。2．含情态动词的被动语态构成为“情态动词＋be＋done”②It is required that the work (should) be finished in a week.要求工作在一周内完成。3．短语动词的被动语态中，短语动词为一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。③The spelling of the word “expect” must be paid attention to.单词“expect”的拼写必须被注意。动词不定式的被动形式1．动词不定式一般式的被动形式为“to be done”。④We have had a good start, but next, more work needs to be done to achieve the final success.我们获得了良好的开端，但接下来，为了取得最终的胜利，我们需要做更多的工作。2．动词不定式完成式的被动形式为“to have been done”，表示此动作发生在谓语动词之前。⑤Look at the pride on Tom's face. He seems to have been praised by the manager just now.看汤姆脸上的自豪，他好像刚刚被经理表扬了。　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．More expressways ________ (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.答案：will be built2．There were many talented actors out there just waiting ________ (discover)．答案：to be discovered3．The professor was delighted  to find that two thirds of the project ________ (finish) by the students independently.答案：had been finished4．The dictionary is said to ________ (translate) into many languages.答案：have been translated5．Unless some extra money ________ (find), the theatre will close.答案：is foundⅡ.单句改错1．There are still many problems to be solving before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.________________________________________________答案：solving→solved2．If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city to cheered by their enthusiastic supporters.________________________________________________答案：cheered前加be3．These young seedlings required looked after carefully.________________________________________________答案：looked→looking或required后加to be4．He was the last one to be asking to speak at the meeting.________________________________________________答案：asking→asked5．I'm glad have been helped by so many warm­hearted people.________________________________________________答案：glad后加to基础达标演练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The rich man felt sympathy ________ the victims in the earthquake and gave away a lot of money to them.答案：for2．________ (accompany) by his wife, he has recovered from the operation soon.答案：Accompanied3．You are bound ________ (win) the game if you have faith in yourself.答案：to win4．It was when Tom was eleven years old ________ his talent for writing became obvious.答案：that5．Having worked for just a few days, Richard was junior ________ those who had been in the company for a long time.答案：to6．The question could not be resolved, at least not to my ________ (satisfy)．答案：satisfaction7．Perhaps he felt he needed to prove that he was as ________ (talent) as you.答案：talented8．The teacher desired that all the exercises ________ (hand) in before school was over.答案：(should) be handed9．If you ________ (obey) the order, the disaster could not have happened.答案：had obeyed10．Although ________ (divorce), they continued to live under the same roof.答案：divorcedⅡ.单句改错1．After a whole afternoon's heated discussion, they finally declared us what had been decided.________________________________________________答案：declared后加to2．Would you please go away and leave me lonely?________________________________________________答案：lonely→alone3．It can be very satisfied to work in the garden.________________________________________________答案：satisfied→satisfying4．My boss used to be strict with his staffs, which made all of them nervous at seeing him.________________________________________________答案：staffs→staff5．Could you do me favour and pick up Sam from school today?________________________________________________答案：favour前加aⅢ.教材微写作A．根据提示完成句子1．在信息时代，可能每个人都渴望有一个机器人。(desire to)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：In the information age, it's likely that everyone desires to have a robot.2．当你受到惊吓时，它会陪伴着你直到你想一个人待着。(accompany)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：It will accompany you until you want to be left alone when you are alarmed.3．你上班时，它会在家服从你的命令，记录下给你打电话的号码，甚至会处理一些办公事务。(set down)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：While you are at work, it will obey your orders and set down the numbers that ring you up and even deal with some office affairs.4．这样的机器人与其说是一台机器，不如说是一个朋友。(more ... than ...)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Such a robot is more a friend than a machine.5．毫无疑问，很多人都支持机器人的研发。(in favour of)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：There is no doubt that a lot of people are in favour of the research and development of robots.6．我相信，如果你有这样的机器人，别人一定会羡慕你的。(be bound to)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：I am convinced that if you have such a robot, others are bound to envy you.B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：In the information age, it's likely that everyone desires to have a robot which will accompany you until you want to be left alone when you are alarmed. While you are at work, it will obey your orders and set down the numbers that ring you up and even deal with some office affairs. Such a robot is more a friend than a machine. There is no doubt that a lot of people are in favour of the research and development of robots. I am convinced that if you have such a robot, others are bound to envy you.