译林牛津8A期中复习（Unit 1-Unit 4 知识点总结）

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译林牛津8 A期中复习（Unit 1-Unit 4 知识点总结）

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8 A Unit 1 Friends
1. Comic strip
(1) Can I have something to drink? (P. 6)
something to drink意为“喝的东西”，动词不定式to drink作后置定语，类似的表达还有something to eat意为“吃的东西”。
例如：
We are thirsty. Let’s have something to drink.
Can you get something to eat?
(2) Can I have some more food? (P. 6)
some more food意为“再来一些食物”，此处more表示“另外的、额外的”，通常与基数词或者some, any, many, much连用，构成“数量词+more+名词”结构，表示“再来……、还需……”。
例如：
I need two more apples.
Give me some more water please.
【拓展】“数词+more+名词”相当于“another+数词+名词”。
Would you like three more books?
=Would you like another three books.
(3) Maybe we can share it. (P. 6)
① maybe此处作副词，意为“可能、也许”。
例如：
Maybe you are right.
Maybe he can work out the problem.
② share用作及物动词，表示“分享”，常用的结构为share sb. with sth. “和某人分享某物”。
例如：
I share a bedroom with my younger brother.
I have a big cake. Let’s share it.
2. Welcome to the unit
(1) honest (P. 6)
honest作形容词，表示“诚实的、正直的”，在句中，作定语或者表语。
例如：
Tom is an honest boy.
He is honest.
【拓展】
1. honest的反义词是dishonest，意为“不诚实的”。
He is dishonest.
2. to be honest意为“老实说、坦白说”，相当于to tell the truth，在句中做插入语。
To be honest, I don’t like the music at all.
3. be honest with sb. “对某人诚实”
You should be honest with your parents.
(2) make me happy (P. 7)
此句结构为“make+宾语+形容词”，这里的形容词作宾语补足语。
例如：
The bad weather make him sad.
The factory makes the water clean.
【拓展】make的其它结构
1. make sb./sth.+名词 “使某人/某物成为……”
The teacher tried his best to make himself a good friend of his pupils.
We made him the head of our group.
2. make sb./sth. do sth. “使某人做某事”
The boy often makes his dog jump up and down.
The doctor made the patient lie down and looked over him carefully.
(3) share my joy. (P. 7)
joy此处作不可数名词，意为“欢乐、高兴、乐趣”，相当于happiness，to one’s joy表示“使某人开心的事情是”。
例如：
She shows us her joy.
To his joy, he met his good friend again.
(4) Does he/she care about you when you are sad? (P. 7)
care about意为“关心、在意”，care for表示“喜欢、照顾”，相当于look after或者take care of。
例如：
I know my parents care about me.
She cares for her sick father.
(5) good-looking (P. 7)
good-looking作形容词，表示“好看的、漂亮的”。
She is a good-looking girl.
(6) polite (P. 7)
polite表示“礼貌的”，反义词是impolite表示“没有礼貌的”，be polite to表示“对……有礼貌”。
例如：
Tom is a polite students.
He is very polite to the old.
(7) What makes goof friends, Amy? (P. 7)
make这里表示“适合、成为”，后接名词性短语。
例如：
You will make a good teacher.
We make good friends.
(8) You can trust them because they never tell lies. (P. 7)
lie此处作可数名词，表示“谎言”，tell lies表示“说谎”，相当于tell a lie。
例如：
He likes telling lies.
(9) They can also tell you funny jokes. (P. 7)
joke这里作可数名词，意为“玩笑”，tell a joke表示“开玩笑”。
Tom often tells his friends funny jokes.
【拓展】joke的相关短语
play a joke on sb. 取笑某人 make a joke 讲笑话
3. Reading
(1) Betty is one of my best friends. (P. 7)
“one of the/ones’s+形容词最高级+复数可数名词”表示“最……的之一”。
例如：
Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.
One of my best friends is Lily.
(2) She is willing to share things with her friends. (P. 8)
be willing to do sth. 表示“愿意做某事”。
例如：
She is willing to help me in any way he can.
We are willing to work hard.
(3) She helps me with my homework and she always gives her seat on the bus to someone in need. (P. 8)
help sb. with sth. 意为“帮助某人某事”，相当于help sb. (to) do sth.。
例如：
May I help you with the work?
Bob helps me learn English.
(4) Betty has a good voice. (P. 8)
sound泛指自然界中听到的一切声音；voice指人说话或唱歌发出的声音，有时也指鸟鸣的声音；noise指“杂音、吵闹声”。
例如：
Every night she heard the strange sounds upstairs.
The little boy has a beautiful voice.
The car makes a lot of noise.
(5) He is the tallest boy in our class-almost 1.75 metres. (P. 8)
almost作副词，表示“几乎、差不多”，作状语，放在be动词、助动词和情态动词之后，实义动词之前，有时候也可以放在句首。
例如：
Supper is almost ready.
Almost no one believed him.
(6) Max has a good sense of humor. (P. 8)
a sense of humor意为“幽默感”，humor是名词，形容词是humorous“幽默的”。
例如：
He is a man with a sense of humor.
My father is very humorous.
(7) They do not fit well under his desk. (P. 8)
fit此处做不及物动词，意为“可容纳、装进”，常指大小、样式或者数量合适。
The shoes fit well in the box.
【拓展】
1. fit作动词，表示大小、尺寸合适。
I think the dress fits you well.
2. fit作形容词，表示“合适的、健康的”，be fit for“适合、合适”；keep fit“保持健康”。
The suit is fit for the party.
(8) ...he often knocks our books and pens onto the floor. (P. 8)
knock这里用作及物动词，意为“碰、撞”。
例如：
He knocked the bowl off the table.
Be careful! Don’t knock the piano.
【拓展】knock的相关短语
knock down 撞倒 knock into 撞到某人 knock at/on 敲门/窗
(9) She smiles often and never says a bad word about anyone. (P. 8)
say a bad word about sb. 意为“说某人坏话”。
You should never say a bad word about others.
(10) Who would you choose as your best friend, Suzy? (P. 10)
choose作及物动词，表示“选择”，choose...as...表示“选择……作……”，choose to do sth. 表示“选择做某事”。
例如：
You can choose a book as a birthday gift.
They chose to go there by bus.
4. Grammar
(1) Height (P. 12)
height是名词，表示“高度”，in height“在高度上”，height的形容词是high。
例如：
The height of the house is about 5 metres.
What’s your height?
(2) weight (P. 12)
weight作名词，表示“重量”，动词是weigh，意为“称……的重量、重量为……”。
例如：
What’s the weight of the elephant?
The ship weighs 10 tons.
【拓展】weight的相关短语
put on weight 发胖、增肥 lose weight 减肥 take one’s weight 称体重
5. Integrated skills
(1) Today Amy and I talked about our future plans. (P. 12)
plan此处作名词，表示“计划”，make a plan/plans for“为……制定计划”，plan还可以用作动词，plan to do sth. 表示“计划做某事”。
Let’s make a plan first.
I plan to visit the Great Wall.
(2) What’s he like? (P. 14)
What’s he like? 意为“某人是个什么样的人”，用来询问某人的性格和品质，相当于How is he?；What does he look like? 表示“某人长什么样”。
例如：
---What’s he like?
---She is friendly and polite.
---What does he look like?
---He is tall and fat.
(3) She’s a small girl with a ponytail. (P. 14)
with作介词，表示“带有、具有”。
例如：
Alice is a girl with blue eyes.
Tony is a boy with short hair.
6. Task
(1) fat (P. 16)
fat用作形容词，表示“肥胖的”，也可以作不可数名词，表示“脂肪”。
例如：
Tom is a fat boy.
There is too much fat in the food.
(2) patient (P. 16)
patient作形容词，表示“耐心的”，反义词是impatient，be patient about/of sth.“忍耐某事”，be patient with sb. “忍耐某人”。
例如：
He has to be patient of that.
Parents should be patient with kids.

【重点短语和句型归纳】
一、 重点短语
1. have something to drink 有喝的东西
2. what about …怎么样
3. in the fridge 在冰箱里
4. tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事
5. keep a secret 保守秘密
6. make sb. happy 使某人开心
7. share my joy 分享我的快乐
8. make good friends 交好朋友
9. tell lies 说谎
10. tell sb. funny jokes 给某人讲有趣的笑话
11. care about 关心
12. be willing to do 乐意（做）
13. be ready to do准备做…
14. talk to sb.与某人交谈
15. talk about sth讨论某事
16. write to sb. 给某人写信
17. share sth. with sb,与某人分享某物
18. listen to sb. carefully 认真地听某人说
19. help sb. with sth在某方面帮助某人
20. travel around the world 周游世界
21. give one’s seat to sb.让座给某人
22. have a good voice有好的嗓音
23. would like/want to be a singer想成为一名歌手
24. grow up长大
25. have a good sense of humor 有很好的幽默感
26. feel bored 感到无聊
27. walk past走过
28. say a bad word about sb.说某人的坏话
29. learn more about…学习更多关于
30. next to紧邻
43. both …and ,,,既…又…
二、 重点句型
1. What about+n./adj. ……怎么样
2. make sb.+adj. 使某人怎么样
3. one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数 最……之一
4. be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事
5. would like to do sth. 想要做某事
6. What’s sb. like? 某人是什么样的人
7. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
【语法讲解】
形容词的比较级和最高级
① 形容词比较级的变化规则。
I. 规则变化

构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词+er/est
short
shorter
shortest
cold
colder
coldest
以不发音e结尾的词+r/st
wide
wider
widest
large
larger
largest
单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写末尾辅音字母+er/est
big
bigger
biggest
hot
hotter
hottest
以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i+er/est
heavy

heavier
heaviest
busy
busier
busiest
多音节词在前面+more/most
important
more important
most important
beautiful
more beautiful
most beautiful
II. 不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/badly/ill
worse
worst
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
② 形容词比较级用法。
I. 比较级用于两者进行比较，结构为“A is 比较级 than B”。
e.g: 1. My bike is more beautiful than hers.我的自行车比她的漂亮。
2. He works harder than before. 他工作比以前努力。
II. 表示两者之间选择，用“which/who is 比较级，A or B？”表示“两者之间较……之一”时，用“the + 比较级”结构。
e.g: 1. Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球？
2. He is the thinner of the two. 他是两人中较瘦的那个。
III.“越来越……”用“比较级and 比较级”结构，多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more 原级”。
e.g: 1. The weather is becoming colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷了。
2. She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她变得越来越美了。
IV. 表示“越……越……”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。
e.g: The more careful you are, the more points you will get. 你越细心，得分越多。
③ 形容词最高级用法。
I. 表示三者及以上人或物进行比较时用最高级，结构为“the + 最高级+in/of + 范围”。
e.g: 1. The picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有画中最好的。
2. She is the most beautiful girl in the class. 她是班上最美的女孩。
II. 表示在三者及以上之间选择，用“which/who is the+最高级，A, B or C？”。
e.g: Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高？
III. 表示“最……之一”用“one of the最高级+可数名词复数”。
e.g: She is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
IV. 形容词最高级前面加序数词，表示“第几……”。
e.g: She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我班上第二高的女孩。
V. 比较级和最高级之间的互换。
例如：
He is taller than any other boy in our class.
= He is taller than the other boys in our class.
= He is the tallest boy in our class.
注意比较以下两个句子：
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.（范围之内）
= Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.（范围之外）
8 A Unit 2 School life
1. Comic strip
(1) They have to work harder. (P. 18)
① have to表示“必须、不得不”，强调客观上的必须，must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须。
例如：
We have to walk home because the car has broken down.
We must study hard.
② hard作副词表示“努力地、猛烈地”，作形容词，表示“困难的”。
例如：
We should study hard.
It is raining hard.
It is hard to answer the question.
(2) It’s like watching TV, but there are fewer advertisements. (P. 18)
① like此处用作介词，表示“像……”，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。
例如：
What’s your house like?
It’s like listening to music.
② few意为“很少”，表示否定意义，修饰可数名词复数，a few表示“一些”，表示肯定意义，修饰可数名词复数。
例如：
Few people understand this difference.
I have a few friends in America.
2. Welcome to the unit
(1) vacation (P. 19)
vacation表示“假期”多用于美式英语中，而英式英语中用holiday。be on vacation“在度假”，go on vacation“去度假”，take a vacation“度假”，the winter/summer vacation “寒/暑假”。
例如：
Mr Wang was on vacation last month.
They are going to England to spend their summer holidays.
(2) I’d like to buy some biscuits. (P. 19)
would like意为“想要”，常用的结构有：would like sth.“想要某物”；would like to do sth. “想要做某事”。
例如：
I would like some apples.
He would like to eat some bananas.
【拓展】
1. “Would you like sth.?”句型的肯定回答用“Yes, please.”，否定回答用“No, thanks.”。
2. “Would you like to do sth.?”句型的肯定回答用“Yes, I’d like/love to.”，否定回答用“I’d like/love to, but...”。
(3) Shall we go together? (P. 19)
“Shall we...?”意为“我们……好吗？”用于征求他人意见、向他人提出建议或者请求他人的许可，肯定回答用“Good idea./That’s a good idea./Of course, I’d like to.”，否定回答为“I’m sorry, but I...”。
例如：
---Shall we go to the museum?
---That’s a good idea.
(4) I’d like to, but the school football team will practise this Saturday. (P. 19)
practise用作及物动词，意为“练习、操练”后接动名词作宾语。
My younger brother practises playing the piano every day.
3. Reading
(1) It is a mixed school. (P. 20)
mixed这里作为形容词，意为“男女混合的”。
例如：
All the schools here are mixed ones.
I had mixed feelings about meeting him again.
【拓展】mix作动词，表示“混合、混在一起”，mix up意为“混合在一起”。
Let’s mix the flour with water.
He mixed up all the ingredients.
(2) Among all my subjects, I like French best. (P. 20)
like...best意为“最喜欢……”，可与含有favorite的句子互换。
I like summer best.
=Summer is my favorite season.
(3) Learning foreign languages is fun. (P. 20)
动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
Seeing is believing.
(4) During the week, we can borrow more books from the school library. (P. 20)
borrow作及物动词，表示“借进来”，常用的结构为“borrow sth. from sb.”“从某人拿借某物”，lend表示“借出去”，用于“lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.”结构中。
例如：
He borrowed 1,000 dollars from his friend.
I lent my bike to him yesterday.
=I lent him my bike yesterday.
(5) We can also bring in books and magazines from home. (P. 20)
bring in表示“带来”。
Liu Nan brought in some beautiful flowers from home yesterday.
【拓展】bring相关短语
bring along 把……一起带来
bring...out 出版、使呈现
bring up 抚养长大
bring...to life 使……苏醒
(6) Near the end of the week, we discuss the books with our classmates in class. (P. 20)
① end作名词，表示“末端、尽头”，at the end of “在……尽头”，in the end“最后、终于”。
例如：
We’ll have a test at the end of this month.
He worked out the problem in the end.
② discuss作及物动词，表示“讨论”，discuss sth. with sb. “和某人讨论某事”，名词为discussion。
例如：
Why didn’t you discuss it with your teacher?
He joined us in the discussion yesterday.
(7) Times seems to go faster when we are reading interesting books. (P. 20)
seem意为“仿佛、似乎”，常用于以下结构中
① seem+形容词（seem to be+形容词）意为“好像、似乎”。
That seems very easy.
The book seems (to be) quiet interesting.
② seem to do sth.意为“好像做某事、似乎做某事”。
The baby seems to be asleep.
It seems to rain.
③ It seems that...“好像……、似乎……”。
It seems that no one knows what happened.
It seems that you are right.
(8) He often listens carefully to my problems and offers me help. (P. 20)
offer/用作及物动词，意为“主动提出、自愿给予”，主要用法如下：
① offer sth. 意为“提供某物、提供某事”。
He offered a good plan for our holiday.
② offer to do sth. 意为“（主动）提出做某事”。
Tom offered to drive us to the bus station.
③ offer sb. sth./offer sth. to sb. 意为“（主动）给某人提供某物”。
We should offer others our help.
(9) On Friday afternoon, our school ends earlier than usual. (P. 20)
① 介词on用来表示具体某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上。
on Monday evening
on the afternoon of May 1st
on a cold morning
② end用作动词，表示“结束”，相当于be over。
What time does your school end?
③ usual意为“平常的、通常的”，as usual表示“像往常一样”。
It’s usual for him to go to school on foot.
As usual, he got to school at 7 o’clock.
(10) Our team won two games last month. (P. 20)
win此处用作及物动词，意为“赢得”，也可以作不及物动词，表示“获胜，赢”。
例如：
Who won the men’s 400-metre race?
We must win today.
【拓展】辨析win和beat/defeat
win所接的宾语一般表示比赛、战斗、辩论、奖金等名词；beat/defeat所接的宾语是参加比赛的人或者团队，意为“战胜、打败（某人）”。
Li Lei beat Tom and won the first prize.
(11) Both Nancy and John are Grade 8 students. (P. 22)
both...and...表示“……和……都、既……又……”，在句中连接两个并列关系的词。
例如：
Tom can both sing and dance.
Both Jim and his elder sister are good at English.
(12) I read an article by a boy from the USA. (P. 22)
by此处作介词，表示“由……、被……”。
例如：
This is a book by Yang Hongying.
---Who was the music by?
---It was by Mozart.
4. Grammar
(1) further (P. 24)
further是far的比较级，far的比较级有两种形式，即farther和further，farther表示具体的距离上“更远、较远”；further除了表示距离上“更远”以外，还可以表示抽象意义上“更进一步”。
例如：
He walks a little further.
Jim can jump farther than his brother.
Many students send their children to foreign countries for further study.
(2) She draws better than any other student in my class. (P. 24)
“比较级+than any other+单数名词”意为“比其它任何一个都……”，该结构形式上是比较级，实际表达最高级含义，该结构中的名词必须用单数形式。
Tom swims faster than any other boy of the three.
=Tom swims fastest of the three boys.
5. Integrated skills
(1) How much time do students spend on homework every day? (P. 25)
spend表示“花费”，常用的结构有：spend+时间/金钱+on sth.或者spend+时间/金钱+(in) doing sth.。
例如：
Lily spent twenty dollars on the new dress.
Lily spends two hours finishing her homework.
【拓展】辨析spend, pay, take和cost
spend
主语是人
spend...on sth./spend...(in) doing sth.
pay
主语是人
pay for sth./pay sb. for sth.
take
主语是it
It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.
cost
主语是物
sth. costs sb.+金钱

(2) Do students wear uniforms? (P. 25)
wear作及物动词，表示“穿着、戴着”。
He always wears a white shirt.
【拓展】辨析wear, put on和dress
wear
穿着
侧重于穿戴的状态
The girl wears a red coat today.
put on
穿上
侧重于穿戴的动作
Put on your coat. It is cold outside.
dress
给……穿衣服
指给自己或者他人穿衣服
The boy is too young to dress himself.
(3) Chinese students have more weeks off for the summer holiday than British students. (P. 25)
“have+一段时间+off”意为“休息多长时间、放假多长时间”。
They will have three weeks off for the winter holiday.
6. Study skills
(1) daily (P. 27)
daily作形容词，表示“每日的、日常的”，相当于everyday。
There was little change in their daily life.
(2) I looked through the question quickly. (P. 27)
look through意为“浏览、快速查看、透过……看”。
例如：
Before you answer these questions, you’d better look through them first.
Look through the window, and you can see the beautiful view.
(3) I read very slowly at first, but I am doing better now. (P. 27)
at first意为“首先、起初”，相当于first of all，反义词为at last或者in the end。
At first we used hand tools. Later we had machines.
(4) I also keep writing in English about my daily life. (P. 27)
keep (on) doing sth.意为“继续做某事、重复做某事”。
They kept talking about it.
7. Task
(1) How long is lunchtime at your school? (P. 28)
how long此处表示“多长时间”，对时间段进行提问，另外，还可以表示“物体的长度”，对长度进行提问。
例如：
---How long were you away from school last year?
---About three years.
---How long is the river?
---About 15 kilometers.
【拓展】辨析how long, how soon和how often
how long
“多长时间”，提问for和since引出的时间状语
---How long did you stay there?
---For about two weeks.
how soon
“多久”提问“in+一段时间”
---How soon will they come back?
---In two weeks.
how often
“多久一次”，提问动作发生的频率
---How often do you go home?
---Once a week.
(2) Do you think your school is a good one? (P. 28)
one用作不定代词，指代前面提到过的那类事物中的一个，复数为ones。one指同一类事物，it指同一个事物。
例如：
I have a new hat and several old ones.
The coat is hers. It’s very beautiful.
(3) I love computers, so I have computer lessons every day. (P. 29)
so作连词，意为“因此、所以”，表示结果，不可以和because同时连用。
Lily is very kind, so every likes her.
(4) We always have fun. (P. 29)
have fun意为“玩得开心”，相当于have a good time，后接名词时加上介词with，即have fun with sth.；接动词时，用动词的ing形式，即have fun doing sth.。
例如：
Did you have fun last weekend?
The children have a lot of fun with the building blocks.
We had fun playing in the park.
【重点短语和句型归纳】
三、 重点短语
1. have to 必须，不得不
2. learn about 了解
3. buy sth. for sb.为某人买某物
4. during the week 在这周期间
5. borrow …from…从…借…
6. discuss …with…与…谈论…
7. in the club在俱乐部里
8. help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事
9. offer sb. sth.给予某人某物
10. twice a week一周两次
11. do morning exercises做早操
12. play cheese 下象棋
13. at most 至多，不超过
14. look through 浏览
15. at first 起初，至先
16. keep (on) doing sth.继续，重复做某事
17. go to school/see a film 去学校/看电影
18. watch TV看电视
19. can’t wait 迫不及待
20. a mixed school 一所混合学校
21. have lessons together 一起上课
22. bring in 带来
23. seem to do 似乎将要做某事
24. more…than…比…多…
25. in the race 在比赛中
26. do some reading做一些阅读
27. go on a school trip参加学校旅行
四、 重点句型
1. What+be+主语+like? ……怎么样？
2. Shall we do sth.? 我们做某事好吗？
3. seem to do sth. 仿佛/似乎做某事
4. 比较级+than+any other+单数名词 比其它任何一个都……
5. spend time on/doing sth.花费时间做某事
6. Why don’t you do sth.? 你为什么不做某事？
7. finish doing sth. 完成做某事
8. practise doing sth. 练习做某事
【语法讲解】
1. 如何比较数量的多少
①两者之间数量上的比较
（1）用”more…than…”结构表示“……比……多”，more后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。
（2）用“fewer/less…than…”结构表示“……比……少”，fewer后接可数名词复数，less后接不可数名词。
②三者或三者以上的数量上的比较
（1）用the most表示“最多”，most后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。
（2）用the fewest/least表示“最少”, fewest后接可数名词复数，least后接不可数名词。
I have the fewest books in our class. 在我们班里我有最少的书。
2. 副词的比较级和最高级
①副词比较级和最高级的构成
（1）规则变化：
单音节词副词，加-(e)r
a、副词和形容词同形，单音节，在词尾加-er，fast-faster, hard-harder, loud-louder
b、以字母e结尾的副词，加-r，late-later
c、以辅音字母+y结尾的副词，先变y为i，再加-er，early-earlier
部分双音节副词和多音节副词，前面加more，carefully-more carefully, politely-more politely
【注意】同理，最高级也一样，只是将-er换成-est，more换成most而已。
（2）不规则变化：
well-better-best
badly-worse-worst
far-farther-farthest
②副词比较级的用法
A+…副词的比较级+than B.
当than前后使用的动词相同时，通常用do的某种形式代替后面的动词，该词可以省略。
③副词最高级常用句型结构
（1）“主语+实义动词+（the）+副词最高级+in/of短语”表示“……得最……的”
I jump (the) farthest in my class. 我是我们班跳得最远的。
（2）“特殊疑问句+实义动词+（the）+副词最高级+甲，乙，丙？”用于三者（以上）的比较。
Who runs (the) fastest, Tom, Mary or Kate? 谁跑的最快，汤姆、玛丽还是凯特？
8 A Unit 3 A day out
1. Comic strip
(1) You need to exercise and keep fit. (P. 30)
① need此处用作实义动词，意为“需要”，后接名词或者不定式。
例如：
They don’t need any help.
He needs to have a good rest.
【拓展】need用作情态动词，后接动词原形，用于否定句和疑问句中。
例如：
You needn’t become so nervous.
---Must I bring my homework now?
---No, you needn’t. You can bring it tomorrow.
② keep fit意为“保持健康”，keep用作系动词，fit作形容词，表示“健康的”。
More exercises will make you keep fit.
(2) Come on, Hobo. (P. 30)
come on此处意为“来吧、赶快”，用于催促他人。
Come on, everyone. We’ll be late.
(3) Let’s enjoy ourselves! (P. 30)
enjoy oneself意为“玩得开心”相当于have a good time/have fun。
例如：
We enjoyed ourselves in the park.
=We had a good time/had fun in the park.
2. Welcome to the unit
(1) Take care! (P. 31)
take care意为“小心、注意”，相当于look out或者be careful。
例如：
Take care not to break the glass.
Take care you don’t cross the road when the traffic lights are red.
(2) We’re sitting in a little coffee shop by the River Seine. (P. 31)
by此处用作介词，意为“在……旁边、靠近”。
例如：
My house is by the river.
She sits by that window.
(3) We’re going to the top of the Eiffel Tower this afternoon. (P. 31)
此句用现在进行时表示将来，在英语中，go, come, arrive, leave, start等表示位置移动的动词，常常用进行时态表示将来。
例如：
They are coming soon.
When are you starting?
(4) The bridge is made of steel, isn’t it? (P. 31)
be made of 意为“由……制成”。
The house is made of stone.
【拓展】
1. be made from“由……制成”，从成品看不出原材料。
The wine is made from grapes.
2. be made in “在某地制造”。
The car is made in China.
3. be made up of “由……组成，由……构成”。
The park is made up of a man-made lake and a hill.
4. be made into “被制成”。
His novel was made into a film.
(5) Yes, and it weighs over 100,000 tons. (P. 31)
weigh此处作动词，表示“有……重”，名词是weight。
例如：
The baby weighed about 5 kilometres.
What is his weight?
3. Reading
(1) I’m doing fine here. (P. 32)
fine此处是副词，意为“够好、挺不错”，多用于口语中。
例如：
My computer works well.
You are doing fine.
(2) Yesterday Kitty’s teacher Mr Wu invited me to join their school trip to the World park. (P. 32)
① invite作及物动词，意为“邀请”，常用的结构有：invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”，invite sb. to do sp.“邀请某人去某地”。
例如：
Yesterday Jeff invited me to play tennis.
My penfriend invites me to his hometown.
② join这里作及物动词，意为“参加”，指加入某个党派、团体或者组织，成为其中一员。
例如;
We are playing football. Will you join us?
He wants to join the reading club because he loves reading.
【拓展】join, join in与take part in的区别
join指加入某个党派、团体或者组织，也可以加入到某人当中去。
join in指参加小规模的活动，如唱歌、游戏等。
take part in指参加某项活动，并在其中发挥积极的作用。
(3) There was a lot of traffic on the way and the journey was a little boring. (P. 32)
① on the way表示“在路上”，表示“在去某地的路上”用on the/one’s way to...。
例如：
I met Zhang Jie on the way to the park.
Tom was on his way to school.
② a little意为“有点、稍微”，修饰形容词、副词或者不可数名词。
例如：
It is a little cold today.
There is little juice in the bottle.
(4) We finally arrived at the park. (P. 32)
arrive作不及物动词，表示“到达”，接宾语时，需要加上介词in或者at。
例如：
When did you arrive?
We are arriving at the station at two o’clock.
(5) All of us couldn’t wait to get off the bus. (P. 32)
① can’t wait to do sth.表示“迫不及待做某事”。
例如：
We can’t wait to see the film.
The children couldn’t wait to listen to the story.
② get off意为“下车”，与get on“上车”意思相对。
Don’t get off the bus until it stops.
I’ll get off at the next stop.
(6) Soon the whole world was there in front of us! (P. 32)
in front of表示在一个物体外面的前面；in the front of表示一个物体内部的前面。
例如：
I am sitting in front of Tom.
There is a TV in the front of Tom.
(7) There are models of more than a hundred places of interest from all over the world. (P. 32)
place of interest意为“景点”。
There are many places of interest in China.
【拓展】interest作名词，表示“兴趣”，have/take an interest in表示“对……感兴趣”。
The boy takes an interest in English.
(8) The song and dance shows were also wonderful. (P. 32)
also, too, as well与either都可以表示“也”，但是用法不同。
also
放在句中行为动词前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后。
He also wants to go.
too
用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。
He wants to go, either.
as well
用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开。
He wants to go as well.
either
用于否定句句末。
He doesn’t want to go either
(9) Linda and Kitty went to the World Park by themselves. (P. 34)
by oneself意为“独立地、独自”相当于alone或者on one’s own。
例如：
Tom went to Hainan by himself yesterday.
=Tom went to Hainan alone yesterday.
(10) The model Golden Gate Bridge looked just like the real one in the USA. (P. 34)
① look like意为“看起来像……”。
例如：
She looked like her mother.
The mountain looks like a woman with a child on her back.
② real作形容词，意为“真的、真正的、真实的”。
例如：
It’s not a dream. It is real.
His first real girlfriend is American.
(11) ...and there was too much traffic on the way. (P. 34)
too much用来修饰不可数名词或者动词，much too用来修饰形容词或者副词。
There is too much pollution today.
The doctor asked him to lose weight because he was much too fat.
(12) It was amazing to see the main sights of the world in a day...(P. 34)
“It+be+形容词+动词不定式”意为“做某事是……”，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。
It’s boring to read such books.
It’s important to go to bed early and get up early.
4. Grammar
(1) The bus is as comfortable as those in the USA. (P. 35)
为了避免重复，经常用that和those来代替上文提到过的名词，that指代单数名词，those指代复数名词。
例如：
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai in winter.
The books on the desk are newer than those in my schoolbag.
(2) Simon is trying to pull himself up the rocks. (P. 36)
try to do sth.意为“尽力做某事”，try doing sth.表示“尝试做某事”。
例如：
The monkeys tried to open the box.
I tried knocking at the back door, but nobody answered.
(3) Luckily, some climbers helped Simon. (P. 36)
luckily作副词，表示“幸运地”，反义词是unluckily。
Luckily, I didn’t hurt myself.
5. Integrated skills
(1) Our school basketball team needs your support! (P. 37)
support作名词，表示“支持”，in support of sb./sth.“支持某人/某事”，support也可以作动词。
例如：
I hope you can support me in this!
She spoke in support of Tom’s plan.
(2) It is in the final of the basketball competition! (P. 37)
final作名词，表示“决赛”，还可以用作形容词，表示“最后的”，副词为finally，相当于at last或in the end。
例如：
Li Na got to the tennis final.
Finally, we arrived at the bus station.
(3) The mach takes place on...(P. 37)
take place意为“进行、发生”。
The school sports meeting will take place tomorrow.
Great changes will take place in our hometown.
【拓展】happen为不及物动词，意为“发生”，常用于偶然或者突发性事件，take place指经过事先安排的事件发生。
An accident happened in that street.
The story took place last month.
(4) Come and cheer for our team! (P. 37)
cheer此处用作不及物动词，意为“欢呼、喝彩”，cheer for意为“为……喝彩/欢呼”。
例如：
Let’s cheer for the winners.
Everyone cheered for the children’s beautiful songs.
【拓展】
1. cheer on “为……鼓励”
2. cheer up “使振作起来、使高兴起来”
(5) Don’t forget to bring your friends! (P. 37)
forget to do sth.表示“忘记要做某事”，指某事未做；forget doing sth.意为“忘记做过某事”，指事情已经做了。
例如：
Don’t forget to see the doctor.
I forget meeting him in the street.
(6) Reach the Sports Centre. (P. 37)
reach作及物动词，表示“到达”，直接加地点名词，arrive是不及物动词，接宾语时，需要加上介词in或者at；get也是不及物动词，接宾语时，后面要加上to。
例如：
He reached Shanghai last month.
The American students arrived in Beijing yesterday.
Write to me when you get to Chongqing.
(7) Cost of the trip. (P. 37)
cost此处作名词，表示“费用、价钱、成本”，the cost of意为“……的费用”。
The cost of living now is much higher than before.
(8) I don’t think that’s a good idea. (P. 38)
这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，在英语中，当think, believe等动词后面的宾语从句为否定意义是时，要将从句的否定转移到主句上去，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式，从句的谓语动词用肯定形式，这种现象称之为“否定转移”。翻译成汉语的时候，要将否定的意义还原到主句上去。
例如：
I don’t think that Jenny will come to his party.
I don’t think he is right.
(9) It’s free for groups of 30 or more students. (P. 38)
free此处作形容词，表示“免费的”，可以作定语或者表语。
例如：
There is some free food in the restaurant.
Most museums are free for students in China.
6. Study skills
(1) All of us felt excited... (P. 39)
feel用作系动词，意为“感觉、觉得、摸起来”。
The old man felt cold and hungry.
Cotton feels soft.
(2) ...but I keep it! (P. 39)
keep此处用作及物动词，意为“留着、不退还”。
例如：
I will keep the present for ever.
How long may I keep the book?
【拓展】keep的其它用法
1. keep意为“保持某种状态”，后接形容词。
Please keep quiet.
2. keep表示“饲养”。
They keep hens and pigs on their farm.
3. “keep sb./sth.+形容词”意为“使某人/某物保持某种状态”。
We must keep our classroom clean.
4. keep sb. doing sth. 意为“使某人一直做某事”。
Don’t keep me waiting for you so long.
5. keep sb. from doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”
You should keep the children from playing football in the street.
7. Task
(1) We hope you can join us. (P. 41)
hope表示说话人认为可能会实现的愿望，后接动词不定式或者从句，不能说hope sb. to do sth.；wish表示没有可能实现的愿望，后接不定式或者从句，可以说wish sb. to do sth.
例如：
I hope my dream will come true in the future.
How I wish I could fly to the sky.
【重点短语和句型归纳】
一、重点短语
1、 come on来吧，赶快
2、 enjoy oneself玩得愉快
3、 take care保重
4、 arrive in/at到达
5、 can’t wait迫不及待
6、 get off下车
7、 place of interest景点
8、 by oneself独自地，独自
9、 take place发生
10、 get on上车
11、 go past 经过
12、 keep fit保持健康
13、 take a boat trip乘船旅行
14、 have a good time玩的开心
15、 be made of…由…制成
16、 around the world 环绕世界
17、 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
18、 be far away from离…远
19、 get there到达那儿
20、 by coach 乘长途汽车
21、 a lot of traffic许多车辆
22、 in front of 在…前面
23、 from all over the world来自全世界
24、 as…as和…一样
25、 not…as/so…as 不如
26、 look at each other互相看
27、 keep the secret to themselves为他们自己保守秘密
28、 be in the final 进入决赛
29、 cheer for…为…欢呼
30、 forget to do sth忘记做某事
31、 with one’s support在某人的支持下
32、 by underground乘地铁
33、go back to返回
二、重点句型
1. need to do sth. 需要做某事
2. as+形容词或者副词原级+as 和……一样
3. not as/so+形容词或者副词原级+as 不如……
4. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
5. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事
6. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
7. try to do sth. 尽力做某事
8. can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事

【语法讲解】
as…as的用法
当我们要表示双方某方面(如年龄、身高等)程度相同或不同时，常用as…as或not as…as结构，表示“和……一样”或“和……不一样”。如：
Mary is as careful as Linda．玛丽和琳达一样仔细。
He does not run as fast as Tom．他跑步没有汤姆快。
在使用同级比较时要注意以下问题：
1．as…as或not as…as属同级比较，在此结构中，要使用形容词或副词的原级。
2．在否定句中，第一个as也可换成so。A is not as／so… as B意为“A不如B……”。如：
This desk is not as heavy as that one．这张桌子没有那张重。
=This desk is not so heavy as that one．
3．当我们对事物进行比较时，要注意比较的双方必须是同类事物。如：
Her ruler is as long as mine．
她的尺子和我的(尺子)一样长。
这句话不能说成：Her ruler is as long as me．
4．当as…as结构涉及数量或程度时，可用as much+不可数名词+as或as many+可数名词复数+as。
You made as many mistakes as I did in the exam．考试中你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。
He made as much money as I did. 他赚的钱和我赚的一样多。
5．as…as结构前还可加表示倍数的词。结构为：倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as。如：
The room is twice as large as that one．
这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。
6．我们可以将“A…+not as(so)+形容词原级+as+B’，的结构转换为比较级。如：
Tom is not as tall as Mike．汤姆没有迈克高。
=Mike is taller than Tom．迈克比汤姆高。
=Tom is shorter than Mike．汤姆比迈克矮。
反身代词
1．反身代词可以用作一些动词(短语)或介词的宾语，此时，句子的主语和宾语必须同一个人或物。
We must look after ourselves and keep fit．
我们必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。
She often buys herself nice clothes．
她经常为自己买漂亮的衣服。
Don’t think too much of yourself!别过多地为自己考虑!
2．反身代词在句中还可以用作主语或宾语的同位语，用来加强语气，表示“亲自、本人、本身”等意思。但反身代词在句中不能单独作主语。如：
I don’t need any help．I can do it myself．我不需要帮助，我自己能做。(主语的同位语)这句话不可表示成I don’t need any help，myself can do it．
If you want to know more，you may ask Miss White herself．
如果你想了解更多情况，你可以问一问怀特小姐本人。(宾语的同位语)
3．反身代词在句中还可以用作连系动词的表语。如：
The little boy in the photo was himself．
照片中的那个小男孩就是他自己。
反身代词构成的固定表达：
反身代词可以与一些介词、动词搭配，构成一些十分有用的固定短语。如：
by oneself意为“独自，凭自己”，相当于alone； enjoy oneself意为“玩得高兴，过得愉快”，相当于have fun或have a good time；
help oneself to…意为“随便吃或喝点……，随便用……"；
keep…to oneself意为“不将某事说出去”；
say to oneself意为“自言自语”。
8 A Unit 4 Do it yourself
1. Comic strip
(1) Here are clear instructions. (P. 42)
instruction作可数名词，表示“说明、指示”，常用复数形式。
例如：
Always read the instructions before you start.
(2) You’d better get some tools. (P. 42)
had better do sth. 表示“最好做某事”，否定形式为had better not do sth.“最好不要做某事”。
(3) No problem! (P. 42)
no problem意为“没问题”，用来表示同意或者愉快地答应对方的请求。
例如：
---Could you post the letter for me?
---No problem.
---Can you help me?
---No problem.
2. Welcome to the unit
(1) What’s DIY exactly, Suzy? (P. 43)
exactly作副词，表示“精确地、确切地”，形容词为exact。
例如：
Tell me exactly where Mary lives.
His answer is exactly right.
(2) It stands for “do-it-yourself”. (P. 43)
stand for意为“代表、象征”。
例如：
PRC stands for People’s Republic of China.
The dove stands for peace.
(3) ...you make, repair or decorate things yourself instead of paying someone to do it. (P. 43)
instead of介词短语，意为“代替、而不是”。
例如：
We went there on foot instead of by bike.
I like walking instead of running.
[拓展] instead of是介词短语，用于句中，后接名词、代词或动名词；instead是副词，用于句尾，在句中作状语。
例如：
He will be on duty instead of me tomorrow.
They didn’t go swimming. They went to play football instead.
(4) I enjoy making something new. (P. 43)
形容词修饰不定代词时，应该放在不定代词的后面。
例如：
There is something new in today’s newspaper.
I have something important to tell you.
3. Reading
(1) My cousin Andrew is crazy about DIY. (P. 44)
be crazy about意为“对……着迷”，后接名词、代词或者动名词。
例如：
Tom is crazy about music.
I am crazy about watching sports meeting.
(2) He once tried to put in a brighter light in his bedroom, but he made a mistake. (P. 44)
① once作副词，表示“曾经、一度”，放在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实义动词之前。
例如：
This film was once very popular, but nobody sees it now.
Once he worked in the factory.
② put in意为“安装”。
They will put in new windows.
How much does it cost to put in central heating?
③ make a mistake意为“犯错误”，也可以写成make mistakes，表达“在……方面犯错”，用make a mistake/mistakes in...。
He made many mistakes in his spelling.
(3) Another time, he wanted to put up a picture on his bedroom wall, but he hit a pipe and filled the room with water. (P. 44)
① put up意为“挂起、张贴、举起、搭建”。
例如：
Please put up the picture on the wall.
Please put up your hands.
My father put up a tent in front of the garden.
【拓展】put的相关短语
put on 穿上、上演 put out 扑灭 put away 收拾 put off 推迟、拖延
② fill...with...表示“用……装满……”，常用结构还有be filled with“装满、充满”，相当于be full of。
He filled the glass with water.
The schoolbag is filled with books.
(4) Now the living room has not only blue walls but also a blue ceiling and floor. (P. 44)
not only...but also...“不仅……而且”，用于连接两个并列成分，着重强调后者，其中的also通常可以省略。
The singer not only sings well, but also dances beautifully.
Jim is good at not only singing but also dancing.
【拓展】
1. not only...but also...连接两个并列成分，作主语时，谓语动词的形式与其靠近的主语保持一致，遵守“就近原则”。
Not only you but also he has to leave now.
2. 若not only...but also...连接两个句子，且not only...位于句首时，not only之后的句子要使用部分倒装结构。
Not only did I go to Beijing, but also I went to Paris.
(5) When I wanted a shelf above my bed, he said, “No problem!” (P. 44)
above, over和on都表示“在……之上”，但用法有所不同。on表示一个物体在另一个物体的表面，与物体表面接触；above两个物体不接触，都用于不垂直的“斜上方”，反义词是below；over两个物体不接触，多用于垂直的“正上方”，反义词是under。
例如：
The plane flew over the clouds.
There is a light over the table.
There is a map on the wall.
(6) I bought some books about DIY for him and I also advised him to take a course in DIY. (P. 44)
① buy sth. for sb.意为“给某人买某物”，相当于buy sb. sth.。
My mother will buy a new coat for me.=My mother will buy me a new coat.
② advise作及物动词，表示“建议”，常用的结构有：advise doing sth. “建议做某事”；advise sb. (not) to do sth. “建议某人(不)做某事”。
例如：
He advised leaving early.
He advised me to buy a computer.
【拓展】advice是不可数名词，意为“建议、忠告”。
Please give me some advice.
(7) But this just made him angry-he says he already knows everything about it. (P. 44)
already作副词，表示“已经”，一般用于肯定句中，用于疑问句中时，表示惊讶的语气。
They continued working, though it was already midnight.
(8) So instead, I am reading all the books myself and attending lessons every Saturday. (P. 44)
attend用作及物动词，意为“经常去、定期去”，还可以表示“参加、出席”。
例如：
We attend the same school.
Only a few friends attended the party.
4. Grammar
(1) Please don’t give up. (P. 47)
give up意为“放弃”，后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。
例如：
Tom is not good at maths, but he won’t give up.
To keep healthy, you should give up smoking.
(2) You had better not be late for school. (P. 48)
be late for意为“迟到”，相当于come late to。
例如：
Please don’t be late for school.
She hates to be late for work.
(3) begin your work without reading them (P. 48)
without是介词，后接名词、代词或者动名词。
例如：
Man can’t live without water.
She entered the room without knocking at the door.
(4) Sometimes it will take some time to do a DIY job. (P. 48)
sometimes是频度副词，意为“有时”，相当于at times。
I sometimes play computer games on weekends.
【拓展】辨析sometimes, some times, sometime与some time
sometimes
有时
Sometimes he had lunch at school.
some times
几次、几倍
I’ve been to the museum some times.
sometime
某时
I will visit Daming sometime this summer vacation.
some time
一段时间
She has lived here for some time.

5. Integrated skills
(1) Mix them together. (P. 49)
mix此处用作及物动词，意为“混合”，mix...together...意为“把……和……混合在一起”，mix up 混合起来，mix...with...把……和……混合起来。
例如：
Mix the butter and sugar together.
Someone mixed up all the forms.
(2) Add some salad cream if you like. (P. 49)
add作及物动词，意为“增加、补充”，add...to...表示“把……加到……上面去”，add up to“总计为”。
例如：
Please add some salt to the soup.
These numbers added up to 100.
(3) Make sure it is fresh. (P. 50)
make sure意为“确保、查明、弄清楚”，后接of短语或者that从句。
例如：
You should make sure of the time.
Make sure that you brush your teeth every night.
(4) For example, mixing red apples, green pears, purple grapes and oranges together will make the salad look very colorful. (P. 50)
for example意为“例如”，用来举例说明。
Students like junk food. For example, they often eat hamburgers for lunch.
[拓展] for example一般用于列举一个例子，后面经常加上一个句子，位置很灵活，可位于句首、句中，于被列举的事例之间用逗号隔开；such as一般用于列举同一类人或物中的一个例子，但必须数量少于前面所提及的总数，只能放在所列举的名词前。
例如：
I like fruit; for example, I often eat bananas in the evening.
He knows several languages, such as English and Chinese.
(5) Prepare the fruit and salad just before you are going to eat it. (P. 50)
prepare这里意为“准备”，是及物动词，prepare to do sth.相当于get ready to do sth. 意为“准备做某事”。
例如：
Our English teacher was preparing the lessons when I came into the office.
They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain.
(6) ...when you leave it in the air for some time. (P. 50)
leave用作及物动词，意为“使处于某种状态”，后接形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词或者过去分词作宾语补足语。
例如：
Leave the door open.
I’ll just leave the engine running when I go in.
【拓展】leave和forget的区别
leave用作及物动词，表示“把……留在……”，常用的结构为“leave+sb./sth.+地点”，此时不能用forget。
Jim left the wallet on the table.
(7) It’s time for lunch, Mum. (P. 50)
It’s time for sth. 意为“该做某事了，做某事的时间到了”，相当于It’s time to do sth.。
例如：
It’s time for breakfast.=It’s time to have breakfast.
(8) Can we stop cleaning the house and make some food? (P. 50)
stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”，stop to do sth. 表示“停下来去做某事”。
例如：
Stop talking, please. Let’s sing an English song.
We are tired. Let’s stop to have a rest.
(9) That’s correct. (P. 50)
correct此处用作形容词，表示“正确的”，反义词是incorrect，还可以作动词，意为“改正、纠正”。
例如：
You are correct. I agree with you.
Please correct your mistakes in your homework.
6. Study skills
(1) certain (P. 50)
certain作形容词，表示“确定的”，be certain to do sth. 表示“有把握做某事”，be certain of/about意为“对……有把握”，be certain that表示“确定……”。
例如：
John is certain to win.
Are you certain of that place?
I am certain that he will come here tomorrow.
(2) I’ll tidy up right now. (P. 51)
① tidy up表示“整理好、收拾妥”，这里的tidy作动词，tidy也可以作形容词，意为“整洁的、整齐的”。
例如：
I must tidy up the house tonight.
Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.
② right now意为“现在、就在此刻”，相当于now或者at present，还可以表示“立刻、马上”，相当于right away或者at once。
例如：
The Green family are living in China right now.
The teacher asked the students to clean the classroom right now.
7. Task
(1) ...so I decided to make her a birthday card by myself...(P. 52)
decide用作及物动词，表示“决定”，后接动词不定式。
例如：
She decided to live in London.
Let’s first decide where we should go.
(2) Lots of things went wrong during that time. (P. 52)
go wrong意为“弄错、出故障”。
The television often goes wrong.
(3) I also cut out a picture of colorful balloons and stuck it on the cover. (P. 52)
① cut out意为“剪出”。
The children are cutting out squares.
【拓展】cut的相关短语
cut up 切碎 cut down 减少 cut off 切断
cut in 插嘴 cut...into...把……切成……
② stick用作形容词，表示“黏住、黏贴”。
Please stick the stamp on the envelope.
③ cover用作可数名词，表示“封面、覆盖物”。
The book needs a new cover.
(4) When I complete the card, there was paint on everything...(P. 52)
complete此处作及物动词，意为“完成”，相当于finish，还可以作形容词，表示“完整的”。
例如：
The pupils completed his homework early in the morning.
His answer is complete.
【重点短语和句型归纳】
一、重点短语
1、 had better 最好
2、 stand for 代表，象征
3、 instead of 而不是，代替
4、 be crazy about 对…着迷
5、 make a mistake犯错误
6、 fill…with用…填充
7、 not only…but also…不仅….而且…
8、 be late for迟到
9、 put in 安装
10、 for example 例如
11、 tidy up收拾好，整理好
12、 keep it secret保密
13、 cut out剪出
14、 go wrong 弄错；犯错
15、 do it yourself(DIY)自己动手做
16、 no problem没问题
17、 attend lessons学习课程
18、 know much more about…了解更多关于
19、 what to do做什么
20、 be dangerous危险
21、 make a fruit salad做一份水果沙拉
22、 cut …into..把…切成
23、 get ready准备好
24、 stay at home呆在家
25、 all over the floor满地板
26、 right now立刻，马上
27、 on the cover在封面上
二、重点句型
1. look+形容词 看起来……
2. try to do sth. 尽力做某事
3. buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
4. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
5. make+宾语+宾补 使……怎么样
6. fail to do sth. 做某事失败
7. It is time for sth. 该做某事了
8. stop doing sth. 停止做某事
9. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
10. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
【语法讲解】
一、祈使句
1 祈使句定义
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号或感叹号。
2 祈使句结构
（1）第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语you 通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形开头。
（2）第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称、第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，这类祈使句通常以let为引导词表建议。
3 祈使句的强调形式及否定形式
（1）祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加do。
（2）祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加don’t 或never。
（3）以let为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Let’s 或Let us/ me后加not。
4祈使句的反意疑问句
（1）Let’s 表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问部分为“shall we”。
（2）Let me和Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问部分为“will you”。
（3）其他行为动词引起的祈使句，无论其陈述部分是否定还是肯定的，多用“will
二、should 和had better
1 should 的用法
（1）表示“应该，应当”。
（2）表示“可能，该（=will probably）”
（3）表示粗暴地拒绝一项建议、要求或指示。
例如：
He should work harder.
Passengers should proceed to Gate.
His backpack should be in the classroom.
2 had better 的用法
（1）had better 的基本用法：意为“最好”“应该”，后接动词原形，与情态动词should用法相似，其中的had 通常缩略为 ’d。
（2）had better 如何构成否定式和疑问式构成否定句时，通常将not 置于had better 之后（而不是had之后）；而构成疑问句时，则通常将had（而不是had better）置于主语之前。