译林牛津9A期中复习（Unit 1-Unit 4 知识点总结）

这是一份英语本册综合优秀教学设计及反思，共70页。

译林牛津9 A期中复习（Unit 1-Unit 4 知识点总结）

第 1 页 共 26 页

9 A Unit 1 Know yourself
1. Comic strip
(1) It says some people are generous. (P. 6)
①这里的say是及物动词，表示“写着、显示”，指书面材料或者可见的东西显示的信息。It says意为“上面写着”，通常指标语、布告、海报、通知、公示栏等上面写着……，不可以说成It writes。
例如：
Look at the sign. It says, “No smoking!”.
The notice says “Keep Out”.
The clock says five o’clock.
[拓展] 表示“说、讲”时，say是及物动词，后面通常跟上所说的内容；而speak表示说的动作，为不及物动词，常用于speak with/to sb. 或者 speak about sth.结构中。
(2) It makes them feel good to share things with others. (P. 6)
① make sb. do sth. 意为“使某人做某事”，后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但当此结构用于被动语态中时，要在动词前补上to，即：be made to do sth.
例如：
Who made the little girl cry?
The boy was made to do his homework again by his teacher.
[拓展] make的其它用法
1. make sb./sth.+adj.
What the girl did yesterday made her father very angry.
2. make sb./sth.+done
I didn’t speak clearly enough to make myself understood.
3. make sb./sth.+n.
My father made me a birthday cake yesterday.
4. make sb./sth.+prep.
They made the story into a play.
② feel此处作系动词，意为“觉得、感到”其后经常接形容词作表语，另外，feel作系动词还可以表示“摸起来”。
例如：
I feel sorry for him.
You will feel better after a good night’s sleep.
The water feels warm.
③ 这里的share做及物动词，意为“合用、分享”，常用于share sth. with sb. 结构中，表示“与某人分享某物”。
例如：
Tony shared his chocolate with other kids.
My brother shares a house with three other students.
(3) Hobo, you’ve eaten up my breakfast! (P. 6)
eat up表示“吃光、吃完”类似的动词短语还有：drink up“喝光、喝完”，use up“用完”。
例如：
Come on. Eat up all the food.
He has used up all his pocket money.
2. Welcome to the unit
(1) She keeps all her things in good order. (P. 7)
① keep sth. in good order表示“使……保持井然有序”为“keep sb./sth.+介词短语”结构。
例如：
What a mess! You should keep your books in good order.
[拓展] keep的其它用法
1. keep sb./sth.+形容词
You should keep your bedroom clean and tidy.
2. keep sb./sth.+副词
What has kept you away for a long time.
3. keep sb./sth.+doing
I am sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.
② order此处作名词，表示“顺序”。
in the correct/right order按正确的顺序
in a different order 以另一种顺序
[拓展] 除了作名词，order还可以作及物动词，意为“命令、点餐、订购”，表示“命令”时，常用于order sb. (not) to do sth.结构中
例如：
The police ordered him to wait right here.
I’d like to order a steak and fish.
I’ve ordered a single room for you.
(2) Daniel is very clever, but he is modest and never show off. (P. 7)
① show off表示“炫耀”，可以单独使用，也可以后面加上宾语。
例如：
The boy likes showing off, so we don’t like him.
She wanted to show off her new husband at the party.
[拓展] show的其它常用短语
show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物，向某人展示
show sb. around/round sp. 带领某人参观某地
show up 出现、露面
(3) Mr Wu is patient enough to repeat grammar rules for us. (P. 7)
① “...adj./adv+enough+to do sth.”表示“足够……能够做某事”，其中的动词不定式短语作结果状语。该句型可以与so...that...或者such...that...结果状语从句进行相互转换。
例如：
He is strong enough to carry the box.
=He is so strong that he can carry the box.
=He is such a strong man that he can carry the box.
[拓展] enough的其它句型
1. “not...adj./adv+enough+to do sth.”表示“不够……不能做某事”，此结构可与“too+adj./adv+to do sth.”（太……而不能）结构互换。但要注意too后面的形容词/副词与enough前的形容词是相反关系。
例如：
The boy is not old enough to go to school.
=The boy is too young to go to school.
② enough既可以作副词也可以作形容词，作副词时，修饰动词、形容词、副词，放在所修饰词之后；作形容词修饰，修饰名词时，可以放在名词前面或者后面。
例如：
Have you played enough?
The box is light enough for me to carry.
Don’t laugh at him! He works hard enough.
Don’t worry. We have enough time/time enough.
(4) He often comes up with new ideas. (P. 7)
① come up with表示“想出（主意）、提出（观点）”。
She came up with a good idea for working out the maths problem.
(5) Neither my parents nor I think I can make a good accountant. (P. 7)
① neither...nor...意为“既不……也不”，连接两个平行结构，如果连接两个主语，谓语动词则要遵守“就近原则”，即与nor后面的主语保持一致。
例如：
The boy is good at neither English nor maths.
Neither Jim nor his friends want to go out on such a hot day.
[拓展] neither的其它用法
1. neither作不定代词，表示“两者都不”常用于neither of结构中。
Neither of my friends has come back yet.
2. neither用作副词，意为“也不”。
If you don’t go there, neither will I.
(6) It’s terrible for me to work without speaking all day long. (P. 7)
① 本句结构为“It’s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”结构，意为“做某事对某人来说……”，此结构中的形容词多为描述事物特征的词，如easy, important, dangerous, necessary等。
例如：
It is important for you to study hard.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
[拓展] It’s+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.意为“某人做某事是……的”，此结构中的形容词多是kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, foolish,polite等描述行为者性格、品质的词。
It is very kind of you to lend me so much money.
② without作介词，表示“没有”，后接名词、代词或者动词ing形式作宾语。
例如：
Fish can’t live without water.
He went to school without eating breakfast.
③ all day long意为“一整天、一天到晚”。
My mother asks me not to sit in front of the computer all day long.
3. Reading
(1) Wu Wei is a born artist...(P. 8)
① born此处作形容词，意为“天生的”，用于名词前作定语。
His uncle is a born basketball player.
[拓展]be born表示“出生”。
Most babies were born at home then.
(2) He is quiet and doesn’t like to talk much, but his work shouts. (P. 8)
① work此处作可数名词，意为“著作、作品”，指书籍、音乐或者艺术类作品。
I like Beethoven’s pianist works.
[拓展]work的其它用法
1. work作不可数名词，表示“工作”。
It’s very difficult to find work at the moment.
2. work作不及物动词，意为“工作、劳动”。
How hard they are working.
② 这里的shout用作不及物动词，意为“喊叫”，常同at连用，表示“对……喊叫”，his works shout是拟人手法，表示用作品说话。
It is impolite to shout at other.
(3) Wu Wei, the young artist, has impressed the whole country with his creative work.(P. 8)
① impress用作及物动词，意为“给……留下印象”，可构成短语“impress...with...”，意为“给……留下印象”，名词形式为impression。
例如：
What impressed me most was their speed.
The girl impressed the whole class with her kindness.
② whole用作形容词，表示“全部的、整体的、所有的”，用于名词前作定语。
例如：
She spent the whole day writing.
We ate up the whole cake in about ten minutes.
(4) His sculptures for Sunshine Town Square have won high praise from the art community. (P. 8)
①win此处用作及物动词，意为“赢得”，也可以作不及物动词，表示“获胜，赢”。
例如：
Who won the men’s 400-metre race?
We must win today.
[拓展]辨析win和beat/defeat
win所接的宾语一般表示比赛、战斗、辩论、奖金等名词；beat/defeat所接的宾语是参加比赛的人或者团队，意为“战胜、打败（某人）”。
例如：
Li Lei beat Tom and won the first prize.
②praise此处用作不可数名词，表示“表扬、赞扬”，此外，praise还可以作及物动词，表示“表扬、赞扬、称赞”
例如：
They are full of praise for my work.
His latest movie has won high praise.
They all praised my cooking.
(5) ...so I’m always searching for something better or different...(P. 8)
① be always doing sth.意为“总是做某事”，always与进行时态连用，表示说话人的某种情绪，如赞扬、责备、不满等。
例如：
He was always asking his parents for money.
The girl is always helping others.
② search for意为“寻找”，search...for...表示“为寻找...而...”。
What are you searching for in the room?
The police are searching the forest for the lost girl.
(6) Su Ning gave up her job as an accountant five years ago...(P. 8)
①give up意为“放弃”，后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语，代词作宾语时，放在中间。
例如：
We should never give up our dreams.
The man gave up smoking because of his health.
(7) You either take the lead or fall behind. (P. 8)
① either...or...意为“要么……要么……，或者……或者……，不是……就是……”表示在两个事物之间进行选择，连接相同的句子成分。
I think he is either American or British.
[拓展]either的其它用法
1. either用作不定代词，表示“两者中任何一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
-Which do you like, tea or coffee?
-Either is OK.
2. either作形容词表示“两者中任何一个”。
You can park on either side of the street.
3. either作副词，表示“也”，用于疑问句和否定句中。
If you don’t attend the meeting, I won’t either.
② take the lead意为“处于领先地位”。
例如：
She took the lead in the second lap.
If you work hard, you will take the lead in your class.
③ fall behind意为“落后”。
Come on! We’re falling behind.
She soon fall behind us.
[拓展]fall构成的其它短语
fall down 落下、跌落
fall off 从……掉下
fall over 摔倒
fall asleep睡着
fall ill 生病
fall in love with 爱上
(8) I’m ready to take on new challenges.(P. 8)
① be ready to do sth. 意为“准备做某事、乐意做某事”。
例如：
My parents are ready to take part in their friend’s birthday party.
My teacher is ready to help students.
② take on意为“承担、呈现”。
例如：
No matter what work you take on, you should take it seriously.
The chameleon can take on the colours of its background.
(9) Liu Tao is the chief engineer of the high-speed railway connecting Sunshine Town to Tianjin. (P. 9)
① connect这里作及物动词，意为“连接”，connect...with/to...意为“与……连接”。
例如：
First of all, connect the printer to the computer.
If you connect A to B, you can get a straight line.
(10) To us, a miss is as good as a mile.(P. 9)
① as good as意为“和……几乎一样、简直是”，A miss is as good as a mile是一个英语谚语，表示“失之毫厘谬以千里”。
例如：
The model ship is as good as the real one.
Without he glasses, she is as good as bind.
(11) We can’t afford to make any mistakes...(P. 9)
① afford作及物动词，意为“承担后果”，afford还可以表示“买得起、付得起”，常与can, could, be able to连用。
例如：
I can’t afford to miss the chance.
Can we afford a new car?
② make a mistake/mistakes意为“出错、犯错”。
例如：
The boy is very careless. He often makes mistakes in his homework.
Today I made the same mistake again.
(12) All of us know that it’s necessary to pay attention to every detail.(P. 9)
① pay attention to意为“注意”，其中to是介词，后接名词、代词或者动名词。pay no attention to表示“不注意”。
例如：
Please pay attention to your pronunciation.
He paid no attention to the traffic lights and caused the accident.
(13) As a doctor, you can’t be too careful...(P. 9)
① can’t...too...意为“无论怎么样……也不为过，越……越好”。
You can’t praise the film too much.
[拓展]类似的表达
A kid can never have too many toys. 孩子永远不会嫌玩具多。
I can’t agree more. 我非常同意。
(14) Carelessness will be a disaster not only to ourselves but also to patients. (P. 9)
① carelessness用作不可数名词，表示“粗心”，由形容词careless加上名词后缀-ness构成。
He didn’t pass the exam because of his carelessness.
(15) “She’s always willing to work extra hours,” said another doctor. (P. 9)
① be willing to表示“愿意做某事”。
例如：
I’m perfectly willing to discuss the problem.
The girl is willing to help people in need.
(16) In fact, Doctor Fang often does operations for about ten hours a day. (P. 9)
① in fact意为“事实上、实际上”，相当于actually或者as a matter of fact。
I thought the work would be difficult. In fact, it is very easy.
② operation此处是名词，表示“手术”，do operations on sb.意为“给某人做手术”。
The doctor did a three-hour operation on the girl.
[拓展] operate用作及物动词，表示“做手术”，operate on意为“为某人做手术”。
We’ll have to operate on his eyes.
(17) She has devoted most of her time to her work.(P. 9)
① devote作及物动词，表示“把……贡献于，把……专用于”，常用于以下结构中：devote...to...把……用于……；devote oneself to 献身于、致力于；be devoted to 献身于、致力于。
例如：
He could only devote two hours a day to his study.
She devoted herself to work.
The manager is totally devoted to conducting his company.
(18) An active person enjoys taking part in different activities. (P. 10)
① enjoy为及物动词，表示“喜欢、欣赏”，后接名词、代词或者动名词。
例如：
We all enjoy the life in the countryside.
Did you enjoy yourself in the party?
I enjoy working with her very much.
② take part in表示参加某种活动，并在其中发挥作用。
Did you take part in the sports meeting?
(19) Liu Hao’s team members find it difficult to work with him. (P. 10)
① “find it+adj+to do sth.”表示“发现做某事是……”，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是形容词后面的动词不定式，这里的形容词作宾语补足语。
I find it boring to play computer games.
[拓展] find的其它用法
1. find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
I found a lot of people working over there.
2. find sb./sth. done 发现被……
When I got home, I found my bike repaired.
(20) Do you think your personality is suitable for the job? (P. 11)
① be suitable for意为“适合”。
例如：
I don’t know if you are suitable for the work.
The film is not suitable for the children.
4. Grammar
(1) Sometimes she is impatient. (P. 12)
① impatient是patient的反义词，表示“不耐烦的、急躁的”。
例如：
The young woman is impatient with her baby.
She’s patient with children, so she can be a good teacher.
[拓展] im-是形容侧否定前缀，经常加在以字母p开头的单词前，类似的单词有：possible-impossible, polite-impolite。
(2) Billy would not accept others’ advice. (P. 12)
① advice是不可数名词，意为“意见、建议”，a piece of advice表示“一条建议”。
I will give you some advice on how to take care of your pet dog.
[拓展]
1. advice的常用搭配：
advice on关于……的建议
ask for advice 征求建议
follow/take sb’s advice 接受某人的建议
2. advise作动词，表示“建议”，常用于以下两种结构中：advise doing sth.建议做某事；advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事。
例如：
My mother advised starting off earlier.
I advised him to stop smoking.
(3) Billy would not think twice. (P. 12)
① think twice表示“三思而后行”，常用于“think twice about (doing) sth.”结构中.
例如：
You should think twice.
She would think twice about leaving her daughter alone.
[拓展] think的其它短语
think about 考虑；think of想起；think over仔细考虑
(4) Suzy worries too much. (P. 12)
① too much此处作副词短语，用于修饰动词，表示“太、过于”。
Some children are using computers too much.
[拓展] too much用来修饰不可数名词或者动词，much too用来修饰形容词或者副词。
There is too much pollution today.
The doctor asked him to lose weight because he was much too fat.
(5) I’ve learnt about jobs and personalities recently. (P. 14)
① learn about意为“了解、知道”，相当于know about。
The more you learn about the Chinese history, the more you enjoy living in China.
② recently作副词，表示“最近、近来”，常同现在完成时或者一般过去时连用。
例如：
I haven’t seen her recently.
We received a letter from him recently.
5. Integrated skills
(1) Each of them represents a lunar year. (P. 15)
① each此处作代词，意为“每个”，后接of短语，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Each of us has a room.
[拓展]
1. each还可以作形容词，表示“每个、各个”。
Each student has an English book.
There are many shops on each side of the street.
2. each既可以作形容词也可以作代词，可以与of连用；every只作形容词，不可以与of连用。
Not every student walks to school.
Each of them goes to a different factory.
(2) They appear in a fixed order and the cycle repeats every 12 years. (P. 15)
① appear作不及物动词，意为“出现”，反义词为disappear。
例如：
A girl suddenly appeared in front of him.
He has appeared on the stage several times.
[拓展]appear还可以作系动词，意为“似乎、好像”，后跟形容词或者“to be+adj.”的结构。
例如：
She appeared very angry.
My father appears (to be) very young.
② fixed用作形容词，意为“固定的”。
例如：
He always leaves his house at a fixed time.
The classes begin and end at fixed times.
③ every 12 years意为“每12年”，这是“every+基数词+名词”结构，意为“每……”。
例如：
The World Cup takes place every four years.
We go to see our grandparents every two weeks.
(3) 12 in all.(P. 15)
① in all意为“总共、共计”。
例如：
There were twelve of us in all for dinner.
That’s 2,000 yuan in all.
[拓展] all相关其它短语
not at all一点也不、完全不
after all毕竟
first of all首先
(4) For example, they think that people born in the Year of Rabbit are more careful... (P. 16)
① for example意为“例如”，用来举例说明。
Students like junk food. For example, they often eat hamburgers for lunch.
[拓展] for example一般用于列举一个例子，后面经常加上一个句子，位置很灵活，可位于句首、句中，于被列举的事例之间用逗号隔开；such as一般用于列举同一类人或物中的一个例子，但必须数量少于前面所提及的总数，只能放在所列举的名词前。
例如：
I like fruit; for example, I often eat bananas in the evening.
He knows several languages, such as English and Chinese.
(5) In Western countries, a year is divided into a cycle of (4) 12 stars. (P. 16)
① be divided into意为“被分成”，它的主动结构是“divide...into...”意为“把……分成……”。
例如：
A year is divided into four seasons.
Miss Gao divided the whole class into four groups.
(6) Your star sign depends on your date of birth. (P. 16)
① depend on/upon意为“取决于……；由……决定；依靠”
例如：
You can accept or refuse the gift. It depends on your personal choice.
We shouldn’t always depend on our parents.
(7) If you are interested in either animal signs or star signs...(P. 16)
① be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”，后跟名词、代词或者动名词。
例如：
The boy is interested in science.
They are interested in playing computer games.
(8) It is you who shape your life and future. (P. 16)
① shape此处用作及物动词，意为“使成形、塑造”。
She shaped the clay into several different dolls.
(9) It is said that people born in the Year of the Tiger are brave. (P. 16)
① It is said that...意为“据说……”。
例如：
It is said that the man can swim across the river.
It is said that she lived to be over 100.
[拓展]类似于It is said that结构的结构还有：
It is reported that...据报道
It is thought that...认为
It is believed that...相信
It is hoped that...希望
(10) Mm, you’re brave in some ways. (P. 16)
① in some ways意为“在某些方面、在某种程度上”。
In some ways, it was one of our biggest mistakes.
[拓展]
in some ways在某些方面，在某种程度上
in the/one’s way 挡路
on the way 在路上
by the way 顺便问一下
(11) I think we can read about these for fun, but we shouldn’t believe in them.(P. 16)
① for fun意为“出于消遣、为了好玩”。
例如：
I decided to learn Spanish, just for fun.
If you have time, please come to my house for fun.
② believe in意为“相信、信赖”。
例如：
Do you believe in God?
We should believe in our monitor.
6. Study skills
(1) Personality includes your thoughts, feelings and behaviors which make you different from other people. (P. 17)
① include此处是及物动词，意为“包含、包括”。
The tour includes a visit to the science museum.
[拓展]include和including都表示“包含、包括”，但用法不同，include是动词，including作介词。
例如：
The cat family includes lions and tigers.
Seven people in all, including a teacher, are flying to Paris.
② different作形容词，意为“不同的”，常用于be different from结构中，表示“与……不同”。
The girl’s bike is quite different from yours.
(2) That is why people say “like father, like son”. (P. 17)
① That is why...是一个常用句型，意为“那就是为什么；那就是……的原因”，why引导一个表语从句，后接陈述句语序的句子，表示结果。
例如：
That is why she was late this morning.
He was ill. That’s why he didn’t come to school.
[拓展]That is because...表示“那是因为……”，表示原因。
He didn’t come to school. That is because he was ill.
(3) The environment, including your education, your experiences and the people around you, can change your personality. (P. 17)
① experience此处用作可数名词，意为“经历、体验”。
It would be a good for him to teach in a country primary school for a year.
[拓展]
1. experience用作不可数名词，表示“经验”，后面常接介词in或者of短语，表示某方面的经验。
2. experience作及物动词，表示“经历、感受”。
3. experienced作形容词，意为“有经验的”。
7. Task
(1) He is not afraid of making a speech in front of many people. (P. 18)
① be afraid of意为“害怕、不敢”，后接名词、代词或者动名词。
例如：
She is afraid of snakes.
I was afraid of going through the woods.
[拓展]
1. be afraid to do sth. 意为“胆小不敢做某事”。
He was afraid to go out at night.
2. be afraid that...意为“担心、害怕”。
He was afraid that he would lose.
3. I’m afraid表示“恐怕”。
-Can we go there on time?
-I am afraid not.
② make a speech意为“做演讲”，后接介词about或者on，意为“作关于……的演讲”。
Our monitor made a speech for us on how to be a useful person.
(2) He never forgets the things he needs to do.(P. 18)
① need此处作及物动词，意为“需要”，后接名词、代词或者不定式。
例如：
I need your help.
He needs to see a doctor.
[拓展]need可以作情态动词，后接动词原形，多用于疑问句和否定句中，need开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或者don’t have to。
例如：
You needn’t worry about me.
-Need I come tomorrow?
-No, you needn’t.
(3) He will help us with our lessons if we are absent from school. (P. 18)
① absent此处作形容词，意为“缺席的”，be absent from意为“缺席……”。
例如：
Mr Wang was absent from work yesterday.
He was absent from school because he was ill.
(4) We hope that you agree with us. (P. 18)
① agree with sb.意为“同意某人的看法或者想法”。
I am afraid I can’t agree with you.
[拓展]
1. agree to sth. 同意（计划、安排、建议）
Do you think he’ll agree to our proposal?
2. agree on 约定、商定
Can we agree on a date?
3. agree to do sth. 同意做某事
She agreed to let me go early.
(5) We are writing to recommend David as our new monitor. (P. 19)
① 此处的动词不定式作目的状语，可以用“in order to do”来替换动词不定式短语，或者用so that或in order that引导的目的状语从句来替换。
My mother gets up very early (in order) to cook breakfast for us.
=My mother gets up very early so that/in order that she can cook breakfast for us.
② recommend sb. as...意为“推荐某人做……”，也用于recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事。
例如：
My friends recommended me as the leader of the team.
The teacher recommended Jim to take part in the writing competition.
(6) We think David is the most suitable person to be our monitor. (P. 19)
① 此处的动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词。
Lily is the only girl to finish the work on time.

【重点短语句型归纳】
一、 重点短语
1. show off 炫耀
2. give up 放弃
3. fall behind 落后
4. share...with... 与……分享……
5. devote...to...把……风险于
6. be suitable for 适合
7. keep...in order 使……保持井然有序
8. be curious about 对……感到好奇
9. take the lead 领先
10. pay attention to 注意
11. try one’s best 尽力
12. come up with 想出、提出
13. make mistakes 犯错
14. as good as 和……几乎一样，简直是
15. can’t...too... 无论怎么样也不为过
16. win high praise 赢得高度赞扬
17. be interested in 对……感兴趣
18. be afraid of 害怕
19. neither...nor... 既不……也不……
20. all day long 一整天
21. search for 寻找
22. think twice 三思而行
23. day after day 一天天地
24. either...or...或者……或者……
25. connect...with/to...连接
26. not only...but also... 不仅……而且……
27. take part in 参加
28. too much 太多
29. do the dishes 洗盘子
30. in some ways 在某些方面
31. depend on 取决于、依靠
32. divide...into...把……分成……
33. make a speech 演讲
34. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
35. agree with 同意
36. be absent from 缺席
37. recommend sb. as... 推荐某人作……
38. in all 总共
二、 重点句型
1. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
2. 形容词+enough+to do sth. 足够……能够做某事
3. It is+形容词+for/of sb.+to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是怎么样的
4. start to do sth. 开始做某事
5. be ready to do sth. 乐意做某事
6. afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事
7. be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事
8. find it+形容词+to do sth.
9. It is said that...据说……
10. That is why...那是为什么
11. need to do sth. 需要做某事
12. learn to do sth. 学者做某事
【语法讲解】
(1) 并列连词and, but, or和so
并列连词连接两个互不依从的词、短语和分句，表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系和因果关系等。并列连词用法如下：
and
和
表示并列关系
We are singing and they are dancing.
表示肯定的条件
Think it over and you can solve the problem.
but
但是
表示转折关系
The car is very old but it runs very fast.
or
或者
表示选择关系
Do you go to school by bus or on foot?
否则
表示否定的条件
Be careful, or you may cut your finger.
so
所以
表示因果关系
It was late, so I went home.
(2) 并列连词both...and..., not only...but (also)..., either...or...和neither...nor...都是并列连词，它们可以连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等，用法如下：
both...and...
既……又……
Both Tony and Mary are going to the Great Wall.
not only...but (also)...
不仅……而且……
He can speak not only Chinese but also English.
either...or...
或者……或者……
He is either at home or at school.
neither...nor...
既不……也不……
Neither he nor I have been seen the film.

9 A Unit 2 Colours
1. Comic strip
(1) Try it on. (P.20)
① try on意为“试穿”，这里的on是副词，宾语是代词时，只能放在两者之间。
例如：
The girl is trying on her new coat.
What a beautiful dress! Can I try it on?
(2) But there is nothing wrong with pink... (P.20)
① There is nothing wrong with...相当于There isn’t anything wrong with...或者Nothing is wrong with...,意为“……没什么问题”。
Don’t worry about your son. There is nothing wrong with him.
[拓展]
There is something wrong with...或者Something is wrong with...表示“……出问题了”。
There is something wrong with my bike. Can you repair it for me?
(3) And I’m not sure if blue looks good on you. (P.20)
① sure用作形容词，表示“确信”，后接of介词短语、动词不定式或者从句。
例如：
I am sure of the time of the meeting.
He is sure to come here on time.
I am sure that my father will buy a bike for me.
[拓展]sure的其它用法
1. make sure意为“确保”，后接of短语或者that从句。
例如：
I tried to make sure of the problem.
Make sure that no one finds out about it.
2. sure用作副词表示“当然”，相当于certainly或者of course。
-Will you please ope the door?
-Sure
② if这里是连词，意为“是否”，引导宾语从句。
例如：
I don’t know if he can finish the work on time.
Can you tell me if he likes that book?
③ look good on意为“穿……好看”。
I think red looks good on you.=I think you look good in red.
2. Welcome to the unit
(1) One day, Millie looked out of her window after a rain shower and saw a rainbow. (P.21)
① one day意为“某一天”，既可以表示将来的某一天，也可以表示过去的某一天。
例如：
One day, he went back to school again.
I think you will be sorry one day.
② look out of意为“从……向外看”。
例如：
I looked out of the window and saw a bird in the tree.
The teacher asked the boy not to look out in class.
[拓展]
1. look out还可以表示“当心、小心”，相当于be careful。
Look out! The bus is coming.
2. look构成的短语
look after 照顾
look for 寻找
look about/around/round 环顾四周
look down 向下看
look up 向上看、查找
look forward to 盼望
look down on 看不起
look through 浏览
look over 检查
3. Reading
(1) Some people believe that colours can influence our moods. (P.22)
influence用作及物动词，意为“影响、起作用”。
例如：
The weather influences the crops.
I was influenced to accept the job by my father.
[拓展] influence也可以用作名词，表示“影响、作用”，常用于“have an influence on”结构中。
例如：
His best friend has a good influence on him.
Smoking has a bad influence on people, especially women and children.
(2) You may wonder whether it is true. (P.22)
① wonder此处用作及物动词，意为“想知道”，相当于want to know，后接宾语从句。
例如：
She wondered whether/if she would be free the next day.
I wondered who cleaned the room just now.
I wonder what to do next.
② whether作连词，意为“是否”，常用于“whether...or...”结构中。
例如：
Can you tell me whether you are going to attend the meeting?
I haven’t decided whether to go to Shanghai with him.
(3) In fact, colours can change our moods and make us feel happy or sad, energetic or sleepy. (P.22)
① energetic作形容词，意为“充满精力的”，名词形式为energy.
例如：
I know he is energetic.
It’s a waste of time and energy.
② sleepy意为“困倦的、瞌睡的”，作定语或者表语。
例如：
Please wake up the sleepy boy.
I am too sleepy to watch the end of the film.
(4) Have you ever walked into a room and felt relaxed? (P.22)
relaxed作形容词，意为“放松的、冷静的”，be relaxed about sth. “对某事放松”。
We’re pretty relaxed about time.
(5) It could be because the walls were painted blue. (P.22)
could be意为“可能是”，表示推测，也可以用can be，但can be常用于否定句和疑问句中。
例如：
This book could be Mary’s.
That book can’t be hers. Her book is on the table.
[拓展]
1. may/might be意为“可能是”，might be语气比may be更弱。
The boy might be in his bedroom.
2. must be意为“一定是”，表示很有把握的推测。
This dictionary must be Ning’s. It has her name on it.
(6) It brings peace to our mind and body. (P.22)
peace用作不可数名词，表示“和平、安宁”。
I am sure that people all over the world love peace.
[拓展]
1. in peace 平静地、安宁地
2. peaceful 和平的、宁静的
3. peacefully 和平地、宁静地
(7) People in cold areas prefer warm colours in their homes to create a warm and comfortable feeling. (P.23)
prefer作及物动词，意为“更喜欢”，后接名词、代词或者动名词。
例如：
I prefer beef.
Do you prefer tea or orange juice?
[拓展]
1. prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. 表示“比起……更喜欢……”。
例如：
I prefer coffee to tea.
He prefers doing to talking.
2. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 相当于would rather do sth. than do sth. 意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。
He preferred to call her rather than write to her.
(8) It can cheer you up when you are feeling sad. (P.23)
cheer up意为“使高兴起来、使振作起来”。
例如：
He is so sad. Let’s do something to cheer him up.
Listening to light music can cheer you up.
(9) Yellow is the colour of the sun, so it can remind you of a warm sunny day. (P.23)
remind...of...意为“使……想起……”，remind作及物动词，表示“提醒、使想起”。
The book reminded me of my best friend.
[拓展]remind的其它结构
1. remind sb. that从句，表示“提醒某人”。
He reminds me that I should go on.
2. remind sb. to do sth. 表示“提醒某人做某事”。
What you said reminded me to see him in the hospital.
(10) Some people prefer this colour when you hope for success. (P.23)
hope for意为“希望、期待”。
They all hope for health.
[拓展]hope表示说话人认为可能会实现的愿望，后接动词不定式或者从句，不能说hope sb. to do sth.；wish表示没有可能实现的愿望，后接不定式或者从句，可以说wish sb. to do sth.
例如：
I hope my dream will come true in the future.
How I wish I could fly to the sky.
(11) If you require strength in either body or mind, red may be of some help to you. (P.23)
① require用作及物动词，表示“需要、要求”，常用的结构有：require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事；require doing=require to be done 需要被做。
例如：
The teacher required the students to keep quiet in class.
The clothes require washing.
=The clothes require to be washed.
② “be of+抽象名词”相当于形容词。
of help=helpful; of use=useful; of importance=importance
(12) This may help you when you are having difficulty making a decision. (P.23)
① have difficulty (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，还可以构成“have difficulty with sth.”结构。
例如：
If you have different kinds of skills, you will have no difficulty in getting jobs.
If you have difficulty with the problem, you can turn to your teacher for help.
[拓展]类似的结构还有：
have trouble in doing sth./with sth. 做某事有麻烦
have problem in doing sth./with sth. 做某事有问题
have fun/have a good time in doing sth.做某事很开心
② make a decision意为“作出决定”，也可写为make decisions。常用于“make a decision to so sth.”结构中，表示“决定做某事”。
He made a decision to go camping.
4. Grammar
(1) She is sure that yellow can bring her good luck. (P.26)
luck作不可数名词，表示“运气”，形容词为lucky，副词是luckily。
例如：
He always has good luck in what he does.
She was lucky enough to be chosen for the team.
Luckily, he wasn’t hurt in the accident.
(2) I think colours can influence our everyday lives in many ways. (P.26)
everyday是形容词，意为“日常的”只作定语；every day是副词短语，在句中作时间状语。
例如：
The Internet had become a part of everyday life.
We should take exercise every day.
(3) Most people thing light colours are better than dark colors. (P.26)
light此处用作形容词，表示“浅色的、淡色的”，其反义词为dark“深色的”。
I prefer light colours to dark ones.
(4) I notice light colours make rooms seem larger. (P.26)
① notice作动词，表示“注意、留意”，常用的结构有：notice sb. do sth. “注意到某人做了某事或者做某事的全过程”；notice sb. doing sth.“注意某人正在做某事”。
例如：
I noticed him enter the room.
I noticed the thief stealing the car when I passed by.
[拓展]notice的其它用法
1. notice作可数名词，表示“通知、布告、告示”。
例如：
There’re many notices in the newspaper.
There is a notice saying “Keep off the grass”.
2. notice作不可数名词，表示“注意、留意”，常构成短语take notice of“注意”。
His speech brought him into public notice.
② seem此处作系动词，表示“似乎、好像”，常用于“seem+名词/形容词/动词不定式/that从句”结构。
例如：
She seems happy.
He seems a nice man.
They seem to know what happened.
It seems that she is unhappy.
(5) Is the sports bag made of cotton? (P.27)
be made of意为“由……制成”，从成品能看出原材料。
The desk is made of wood.
[拓展] 相关短语
1. be made from“由……制成”，从成品看不出原材料。
The wine is made from grapes.
2. be made in “在某地制造”。
The car is made in China.
3. be made up of “由……组成，由……构成”。
The park is made up of a man-made lake and a hill.
4. be made into “被制成”。
His novel was made into a film.
(6) Should I stay at home instead of going shopping with my classmates. (P.27)
instead of介词短语，意为“代替、而不是”。
例如：
We went there on foot instead of by bike.
I like walking instead of running.
[拓展] instead of是介词短语，用于句中，后接名词、代词或动名词；instead是副词，用于句尾，在句中作状语。
例如：
He will be on duty instead of me tomorrow.
They didn’t go swimming. They went to play football instead.
(7) You may wonder if/whether it represents anything else? (P.28)
else作副词，意为“别的、其它的”，常放在不定代词或者疑问词后面。
例如：
I can see nobody else in the room.
Where else have you ever been?
5. Integrated skills
(1) We promise that this therapy can help you change your moods, or you will get your money back. (P.29)
promise此处作及物动词，意为“承诺、允诺”后接名词、代词、动词不定式或从句，promise也可以作名词。
例如：
The old man promised to give the money to his son.
He promised he would come.
If you make a promise, you must keep it.
(2) She has practised colour therapy since he left college. (P.29)
since用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“自……以来；自……以后”，与现在完成时连用。
例如：
I haven’t seen him since I left that factory.
He has worked in this factory since five years ago.
(3) She suggests different clothes to different people. (P.30)
suggest用作及物动词，表示“建议”后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。
She suggested putting off the meeting.
[拓展]suggestion是suggest的名词形式，为可数名词，意为“建议”，意思相当于advice，但advice是不可数名词。
Thank you for your advice/suggestions.
(4) I’d rather wear orange. (P.30)
would rather意为“宁愿、更喜欢”，后接动词原形，would rather do than do意为“宁愿……而不愿……”。
例如：
He would rather keep time for his hobbies.
She would rather help her father on the farm than play the piano.
6. Study skills
(1) In many places, baby boys are dressed in blue and baby girls in pink. (P.31)
dress表示“给某人穿衣服”，宾语是人而不是衣服，表示自己穿衣服时，用反身代词作宾语。常用的结构有：“be dressed in+衣服”或者“dress sb./oneself in+衣服”。
例如：
The boy is too young to dress himself.
She dressed the child in their best clothes.
7. Task
(1) Maybe she feels weak...(P.32)
maybe是副词，意为“或许、也许”相当于perhaps，含有推测的意味，可以与may be互换。
例如：
Maybe he has finished his homework.
Maybe it is his hat.=It may be his hat.
(2) I think the woman must feel a little bit stressed...(P.32)
a little bit意为“稍微、有点儿”相当于a bit，用于修饰形容词和副词，修饰不可数名词时，要用a bit of。
例如：
I get a little bit tired.
Can you give me a little bit of advice.

【重点短语和句型归纳】
一、重点短语
1. be green with envy 嫉妒
2. change one’s moods 改变某人的心情
3. bring peace to 给……带来安宁
4. cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来
5. be dressed in 穿
6. calm down 平静、镇静
7. look good on sb. 某人穿……很好看
8. such as 比如
9. remind sb. of...使某人想起
10. either...or...或者……或者……
11. take action 采取行动
12. make a decision 作出决定
13. ask sb. for help 向某人求助
14. worry about 担心
15. get back 拿回来
16. in many ways 在很多方面
17. be suitable for 适合
18. depend on 取决于、依靠
19. be made of 由……制成
20. think of 想起
21. according to 根据
22. drive away 驱逐
23. a little bit 一点儿
24. get into trouble 陷入困境
25. improve one’s life 提高生活水平
26. leave college 大学毕业
27. a pair of 一对、一双
二、重点句型
1. There is nothing wrong with...没有问题/毛病
2. 形容词/副词+enough+to do sth. 足够……
3. make it+形容词+to do sth. 使某人做某事
4. have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事很困难
5. instead of doing sth. 代替做某事
6. would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事
7. seem+形容词 看起来像
【语法讲解】
1. 由that引导的宾语从句
由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由whether/if引导的宾语从句
由if或whether引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。 Whether, if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。
例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
只能用whether不能用if的情况：
1）在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.。
2）宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导。
I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
3）和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导。
Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
9 A Unit 3 Teenage problems
1. Comic strip
(1) What’s wrong, Eddie? (P. 34)
What’s wrong?意为“怎么了？”相当于What’s the matter/trouble?，其后可以加上with sb./sth.。
例如：
You look sad. What’s wrong with you?
What’s wrong with this watch?
(2) I’m getting fat. (P. 34)
get此处是系动词，意为“变得、变成”，后接形容词。
例如：
In summer it doesn’t get dark until after seven o’clock.
Our nation is getting more and more powerful.
【拓展】get还可以作使役动词，表示“使、让”，常构成短语：get sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”或者get sth. done“让某事被做”。
例如：
I will get my younger brother to go to the party instead of me.
My hair is long. I must get it cut.
2. Welcome to the unit
(1) The TV is always on at my home. (P. 35)
on此处是副词，意为“处于工作状态中、在进行中”，反义词是off。
例如：
The radio is on; who is listening?
Make sure the TV is off.
(2) The noise almost drives me mad. (P. 35)
drive sb. mad意为“使某人受不了”，mad还常用语be mad about结构中，表示“对……生气、对……痴迷”。
例如：
The boring film drives me mad.
They are both mad about football.
(3) Sometimes I feel lonely. (P. 35)
① sometimes是频度副词，意为“有时”，相当于at times。
I sometimes play computer games on weekends.
【拓展】辨析sometimes, some times, sometime与some time
sometimes
有时
Sometimes he had lunch at school.
some times
几次、几倍
I’ve been to the museum some times.
sometime
某时
I will visit Daming sometime this summer vacation.
some time
一段时间
She has lived here for some time.
② lonely作形容词表示“孤独的、荒凉的、偏僻的”；alone既可以作形容词也可以作副词，作形容词时只能作表语，不能作定语。
例如：
He feels lonely at home himself.
It is a lonely mountain.
His grandfather was alone.
Mr Smith lives alone.
(4) Perhaps you should manage your time better and go to bed earlier. (P. 35)
manage此处表示“合理安排、有效使用（时间、金钱）”。
You need to learn to manage your time.
【拓展】
1. manage作动词，表示“设法做到”，后接动词不定式作宾语，即manage to do sth.“设法做成某事，努力完成某事”。
He managed to find a place to park his car.
2. manage作及物动词，意为“控制、管理”。
例如：
Only a good rider can manage the horse.
As a head teacher, he manages a school.
3. Reading
(1) ...I don’t know how I should deal with it. (P. 36)
deal with意为“处理、应付。
例如：
I don’t know how to deal with the bad milk.
Be careful. She is very difficult to deal with.
【拓展】deal with常与how连用；do with常与what连用。
How are you dealing with the old books?
What did you do with your old bike?
(2) ...I have no choice but to do it. (P. 36)
① have no choice but to do sth.意为“别无选择，只好做某事”。
例如：
She has no choice but to study hard.
I had no choice but to sign the contract.
② but用作介词，表示“除了”，相当于except。but习惯上用于no, nothing, nobody, not anything等否定词后面。
I have no friends but you.
There is nothing but a card in the box.
(3) I often have to stay up late. (P. 36)
stay up意为“熬夜”，是不及物动词短语。
例如：
He stayed up all night to watch football matches.
Staying up late is bad for your health.
(4) Then I sometimes find it hard to stay awake the next day. (P. 36)
awake此处是形容词，意为“醒着的”，作表语或者宾语补足语，不能作定语。
例如：
I he awake or asleep?
This thought kept me awake all night.
(5) I know it is important to finish all my homework on time. (P. 36)
on time意为“准时、按时”。
例如：
Take the medicine on time.
The teacher asked us to hand in homework on time.
【拓展】time的相关短语
all the time 一直、始终
from time to time 不时地
at times 有时，偶尔
at a time 每次
at the same time 同时
(6) I often doubt whether it is worth spending so much time on homework. (P. 36)
① doubt此处用作及物动词，意为“怀疑”，在肯定句中，doubt后一般接whether/if引导的宾语从句，在疑问句和否定句中，doubt后接that引导的宾语从句。
例如：
I doubt whether I will be successful.
I don’t doubt that he will come.
② be worth doing sth. 意为“值得做某事”，worth为形容词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
例如：
The Summer Palace is worth a visit.
The book is well worth reading.
The camera is worth seven hundred dollars.
③ spend+时间/金钱on sth./(in) doing sth.表示“花费时间/金钱做某事”。
He spent two yuan on the pencil.
It is nice of you to spend so much time showing us around your school.
(7) I dream of a long holiday so that I could have more time for my hobbies. (P. 36)
① dream of意为“梦想、想象”，相当于dream about。
例如：
I dream of/about flying to the moon some day.
Last night I dreamed of my grandfather.
② so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便、为了”，相当于in order that，其从句的谓语动词常和can/could/would/should连用。
My father bought me a bicycle so that I could get to school quickly.
(8) Can you offer me some suggestions? (P. 36)
offer sb. sth=offer sth. to sb.意为“给某人提供某物”。
I can offer you something to eat.
【拓展】offer的其它用法
1. offer to do sth. 意为“主动提出做某事”。
He offered to help me learn English.
2. offer sb. sth.相当于provide sb. with sth.或者provide sth. for sb.
I have provided some clothes for him.
(9) I hope to hear from you soon. (P. 36)
hear from sb. 意为“收到某人来信”，相当于get/receive a letter from sb.。
例如：
It was great to hear from you.
Yesterday I heard from my pen friend.
(10) However, my love of football has become the cause of my problem. (P. 37)
cause此处为为可数名词，意为“原因”，后常接介词of；cause还可以作动词，表示“引起、导致”。
例如：
What’s the cause of her illness?
His illness caused him to miss the game.
(11) Then I get into trouble because my parents do not allow me to play outside after 6 p.m. (P. 37)
① get into trouble意为“陷入麻烦”。
He often gets trouble with his friends.
② allow表示“允许”后接名词或者动名词，也可以接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
例如：
His parents don’t allow smoking.
Please allow me to introduce myself to you.
(12) I don’t understand why they are so strict with me. (P. 37)
be strict with sb. 意为“对某人严格”；be strict about sth. 意为“对某事严格”。
例如：
Our English teacher is strict with us.
My parents are strict about my schoolwork.
(13) I wonder how I can achieve a balance between my schoolwork and my hobbies. (P. 37)
between表示“两者之间”，among用来表示“三者或者以上之间”。
例如：
What’s the difference between the two words?
He built a house among the tree.
(14) Then work out how much time you need to finish it all. (P. 37)
work out意为“解决、算出”。
例如：
We worked out the maths problem.
I have worked it out.
(15) What about choosing your hobby according to the time you have? (P. 39)
according to意为“根据”，是介词短语，后接名词、代词或者从句。
例如：
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
According to what he said, I found the answer to the question.
4. Grammar
(1) I need silence when I am studying. (P. 40)
silence为不可数名词，意为“寂静、安静”，形容词是silent。
例如：
We need silence when we are working.
The silence was broken soon.
(2) I have tried my best... (P. 40)
try one’s best意为“尽力、尽最大努力”相当于do one’s best，后接不定式。
例如：
He tried his best, though he failed in the exam.
I will try my best to help you.
(3) Soon they got his replies. (P. 41)
reply既可以用作名词也可以用作动词，作动词时常同介词to连用。
例如：
Don’t worry. I will make a reply to this question.
I didn’t reply to his letter.
5. Integrated skills
(1) ...classmates laugh at her and call her a bookworm...(P. 43)
laugh at意为“嘲笑某人”。
例如：
Don’t laugh at me.
It’s wrong to laugh at others.
【拓展】smile at sb. 表示“对某人微笑”。
She smiles at me.
(2) I’ve made little progress in my English, Millie. (P. 44)
progress用作不可数名词，表示“进步、进展”，前面常用great, good, much, some等进行修饰。
He made great progress in English last year.
(3) Perhaps you should go over what you have learnt as often as possible. (P. 44)
① go over意为“复习、回顾”是及物动词短语。
例如：
I go over my schoolwork every night.
It is necessary for you to go over what you have learnt in time.
② as...as possible意为“尽可能……”相当于as...as one can。
例如：
My mother asks us to come home as early as possible.
You should study as hard as you can.
(4) Don’t mention it. (P. 44)
Don’t mention it意为“不客气、不用谢”相当于You’re welcome.
-Thank you for your help.
-Don’t mention it./You’re welcome.
6. Study skills
(1) When did it happen? (P. 45)
happen为不及物动词，意为“发生”，常用于偶然或者突发性事件，take place指经过事先安排的事件发生。
例如：
An accident happened in that street.
The story took place last month.
7. Task
(1) Many students of our age have this problem. (P. 46)
of sb’s age介词短语，作后置定语，意为“和……同龄的”。
He needs more friends of his own age.
(2) You are unhappy with your weight... (P. 47)
be unhappy with意为“对……感到不满意”；be happy with则表示“对……满意”。
例如：
Are you happy with your job?
I’m unhappy with my schoolwork.
(3) Your parents care too much about your marks after each exam... (P. 47)
care about意为“在乎、关心”
例如：
He doesn’t care about his own health. He works all day.
Girls often care about clothes and handbags.

【重点短语和句型归纳】
一、重点短语
1. drive sb. mad 使某人发疯/受不了
2. be on 开着
3. spend so much time on sth 花费如此多的时间在某事上
4. get into trouble 陷入困境
5. look forward to 盼望
6. hear from收到某人的来信
7. work out 算出来
8. according to 根据
9. agree with同意
10. laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人
11. go over复习
12. be unhappy with 不满意...
13. care about 在意
二、重点句型
1. make progress in sth. 在某方面取得进步
2. share one’s worries with sb. 和某人分享忧虑
3. be strict with sb. 对某人严格
4. be crazy about doing sth. 痴迷于做某事
5. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事
6. how to deal with sth. =what to do with sth. 如何处理某事
7. have no choice but to do= have nothing but do 别无选择只能
8. find it + adj+ to do = find it is + adj+ to do 发现做某事是....样的
9. be worth doing 值得做某事
10. dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事
11. have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
【语法讲解】
1. 连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句
① 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
② 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如：
No one knows what he is doing.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
③ 宾语从句的时态受主句的限制: 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定；主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
例如：
She says that she is a student.
She said that she was a student.
She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.
She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
She says that she has finished her homework already.
She said that she had finished her homework already.
如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例如：
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
He told me that Japan is an island country.
2. 提建议的句型
① Why not...是Why don’t you...的缩写形式，表示“为什么...”，后接动词原形。
Why not help me?=Why don’t you help me?
② What about/How about...表示“怎么样”，后接名词、代词或者动名词。
What/How about having a cup of coffee?
③ Let’s...表示“让我们……吧”。
Let’s go together.
④ Shall we...表示“我们……好吗？”
Shall we meet at the school gate?
9 A Unit 4 Growing up
1. Comic strip
(1) What’s on your mind, Eddie? (P. 48)
on one’s mind意为“挂在心上、挂念”。
例如：
Don’t bother him. He’s got a lot on his mind.
My health is always on my mother’s mind.
(2) What’s up? (P. 48)
What’s up?意为“怎么啦？出什么是啦”，相当于What’s wrong?/What’s the matter?
例如：
What’s up. She is crying.
What’s up with the two girls?
(3) Don’t wake me up until you finish building it. (P. 48)
① wake sb. up意为“把某人唤醒”，wake up意为“醒来”。
例如：
His mother often wakes him up at 6:00 in the morning.
I usually wake up at 6:30.
② not...until...意为“直到……才……”。
例如：
I won’t go to bed until I finish my homework.
He didn’t have lunch until his mother came back.
2. Welcome to the unit
(1) Books allow me to learn about people in different times and places, and I can read them whenever I want to. (P. 49)
① times此处用作复数形式，表示“时代、时期”。
in modern times 在现代 in ancient times 在古代
② whenever作连词，意为“无论何时”，相当于no matter when,用来引导时间状语从句。
例如：
Whenever you come, you are welcome.
Whenever we see him, we speak to him.
(2) I like to learn about the world through the Internet. (P. 49)
through这里用作介词，表示“凭借、依靠”。
例如：
He becomes rich through hard work.
He learned of the new book through his classmate.
(3) As soon as you click the mouse, there’s a great deal of information. (P. 49)
a great deal of意为“许多、大量”，用来修饰不可数名词。
例如：
He has given me a great deal of help.
It took a great deal of time and effort.
【拓展】表示“大量、许多”的其它短语
plenty of 修饰可数名词或者不可数名词
a lot of/lots of 修饰可数名词或者不可数名词
a number of/numbers of 修饰可数名词
3. Reading
(1) He was very small—much smaller than the other kids in school. (P. 50)
此处的much用来修饰比较级，意为“……得多”，可以修饰比较级的副词除了much还有a lot, even, any, a little, a bit。
例如：
Now I feel much more confident.
He is feeling a lot better today.
Can you come to school a little earlier tomorrow?
(2) However, he had a big dream—he wanted to play in the NBA. (P. 50)
however作副词，意为“然而、但是”，可以位于句首、句中或者句尾，用逗号同其它句子成分分开。
例如：
She was ill. However, she still went to work.
His elder brother, however, had other ideas.
(3) He didn’t lose heart. (P. 50)
lose heart意为“泄气、灰心”；lose one’s heart to表示“爱上……”
例如：
Don’t lose heart, whatever happens.
When you fail, you shouldn’t lose heart.
(4) In senior high, Spud often had to sit in the stands because of his height. (P. 50)
because of意为“因为、由于”，其后可接名词、代词；because为从属连词，引导原因状语从句，后面接一个句子。
例如：
He can’t take a walk because of the rain.
He felt terrible because of eating too much.
(5) He practiced even harder and got the coach to change his mind. (P. 50)
① get sb. to do sth.意为“使某人做某事”，相当于make/let sb.do sth.。
例如：
Can you get him to give me a call?
The boss always gets the workers to work day and night.
② change one’s mind意为“改变主意”。
例如：
We planned to climb the mountain, but he changed his mind and went to another place.
(6) Spud went on to become leader of the team. (P. 50)
go on to do sth.表示“（完成一件事后）接着做另一件事”，go on doing sth./go on with sth.意为“继续做同一件事”。
例如：
She went on to become a doctor.
You can’t go on working without any rest.
We will go on with the discussion tomorrow.
(7) However, no university would invite him to play basketball simply because he was only 170 cm tall. (P. 50)
invite作及物动词，意为“邀请”，常用的结构有：invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”，invite sb. to do sp.“邀请某人去某地”。
例如：
Yesterday Jeff invited me to play tennis.
My penfriend invites me to his hometown.
(8) He decided to play at a junior college. (P. 50)
decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，其否定形式为decide not to do sth.“决定不做某事”。
例如：
We decided to go the museum.
I’ve decided not to attend the party unless you go with me.
(9) There he led his team to the national championship. (P. 51)
lead这里是及物动词，表示“带领、引路、指引”，lead...to...“带领……去……”。
The road leads you to the station.
【拓展】lead的其它用法
1. lead sb. to do sth. 意为“致使/诱惑某人做某事”。
What led you to think so?
2. lead to意为“通往……、导致……”。
例如：
All roads lead to Rome.
The heavy rain led to a flood.
(10) As a result, he succeeded in getting a scholarship. (P. 51)
① as a result意为“因此、结果”，在句中作状语；as a result of表示“由于”，后接名词或者代词，相当于because of。
例如：
He got up very late today. As a result, he missed the first bus.
He was late as a result of the heavy rain.
② succeed in doing sth.“成功做成某事”相当于succeed to do sth.。
例如：
She succeeded in passing the exam.
With the help of his teacher, he succeeded in playing the piano.
(11) After he graduated, he was forced to play in another basketball league. (P. 51)
① graduate用作不及物动词，常与from连用，表示“从……毕业”。
例如：
Tom graduated from the University of London.
Jerry graduated from high school last year.
② force用作及物动词，表示“强迫、迫使”，用于force sb. to do sth.结构中。
例如：
She forced herself to be polite though she was very angry.
I had to force myself to get up early.
(12) He remained there for about a year before the NBA took notice of him. (P. 51)
这里的remain作不及物动词，表示“停留、逗留”；此外，remain还可以作系动词，后接名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式等等。
例如：
He had to remain in hospital.
The problem remained to be solved.
Students must remain careful and hard-working.
(13) In 1985, he joined the Atlanta Hawks and became the shortest player in the NBA at that time. (P. 51)
join这里作及物动词，意为“参加”，指加入某个党派、团体或者组织，成为其中一员。
例如;
We are playing football. Will you join us?
He wants to join the reading club because he loves reading.
【拓展】join, join in与take part in的区别
join指加入某个党派、团体或者组织，也可以加入到某人当中去。
join in指参加小规模的活动，如唱歌、游戏等。
take part in指参加某项活动，并在其中发挥积极的作用。
(14) achieve something that you have been trying to do. (P. 52)
achieve这里用作及物动词，表示“达到、实现、完成”。
例如：
Without the support of your family, you will achieve nothing.
I am sure that he will achieve his dream in the end.
4. Grammar
(1) They can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of sentences. (P. 54)
at the beginning of意为“在……之初”，反义词短语为“at the end of”意为“在……末尾/尽头”。
At the beginning of 1975 he came back to China.
(2) Before and after can also be used as prepositions of time. (P. 54)
be used as意为“被用作”。
例如：
The big table can be used as a bed.
English is used as a very useful working language.
【拓展】常见的used短语
1. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
2. be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事
3. be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事
(3) I received a call from my uncle. (P. 54)
receive意为“收到、接到”，常同from连用；另外，receive表示客观上收到或者拿到，但主观上不一定接受，accept强调主观上愿意接受。
例如：
I was happy to receive a call from my old friend.
I received his gift yesterday, but I wouldn’t like to accept it.
(4) ...he didn’t become serious about basketball until/till he was 12. (P. 56)
become/be serious about意为“认真对待”，后接名词、代词或者动名词。
例如：
You know that I could not become serious about such a man.
She is serious about her future.
(5) The best moment is his career was in 2004—he scored 41 points in a game against the Atlanta Hawks. (P. 56)
against此处是介词，意为“对抗、与……相反”，be against“反对”，反义词为be for“支持”。
例如：
Our school plays against their school at basketball.
We are all against his idea.
【拓展】against还可以意为“靠着、迎着”。
例如：
He stood with his back against the door.
He hit his head against the window.
(6) When Yao Ming was living in the USA, he returned to China whenever he was needed. (P. 56)
return此处作不及物动词，表示“回归、返回”，相当于go/come back to。return to+地点，意为“返回某地”。
例如：
I returned to my school yesterday.
Ann will visit you when she returns to London.
【拓展】return作及物动词，表示“归还”，相当于give back。
You should return the piano to Dick on time.
5. Integrated skills
(1) World War II broke out in Europe om 1939 and ended in 1945. (P. 57)
break out意为“（战争、火灾）”突然爆发、突然发生。
例如：
He was still living in London when the war broke out.
Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out.
【拓展】break常见的其它短语
break down 停止运转、出故障
break off 中断、停止、折断
break into 强行闯入
break in 打断（某人的话）
(2) The Diary of a Young Girl was written by a girl named Anne Frank. (P. 57)
named此处为动词的过去分词作定语，意为“被称为、被叫作”，与called同义。
例如：
This is a book named/called Journey to the West.
The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate.
(3) It was a record of that time, and it has also become a symbol of the victory of the human spirit. (P. 57)
① record此处用作可数名词，意为“记录”，常用在短语keep a record of中。
Keep a record of everything you spend.
② symbol此处为可数名词，意为“象征”，a symbol of意为“……的象征、……的标志”。
例如：
The Great Wall is the symbol of China.
The lion in the symbol of courage.
(4) Anne and her elder sister died of illness. (P. 57)
① die of/from意为“死于”，of表示内因，from表示外因。
例如：
The old man died of lung cancer.
The worker died of illness.
A lot of people died from the earthquake.
That soldier died from the crash.
② illness是名词，意为“疾病、身体不适”。
例如：
Some children are away from school because of illness.
He died after a long illness.
(5) her father had her diary published. (P. 57)
have sth. done意为“使某事被做”，过去分词表示被动，和have的宾语构成被动关系。
例如：
When are you going to have your hair cut?
I must have my car repaired.
(6) During that difficult time, Anne kept writing in her diary until they were discovered by the Nazis in August 1944. (P. 58)
keep (on) doing sth. 意为“一直不断做某事”。
例如：
The children kept asking me questions.
She kept on working although she was tired.
【拓展】keep的其它用法
1. keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
I am sorry that I have kept you waiting for so long.
2. keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
No one can keep the old man from smoking.
(7) I’ve just finished the book I Am David, a story about a 12-year-old boy and his journey to Copenhagen after he got away from a Nazi camp. (P. 58)
① 12-year-old是一个复合形容词，在句中通常作定语，中间的名词用单数形式。
例如：
She is an eight-year-old girl.
Li Bo is a 10-year-old boy.
② get away (from) 意为“逃脱、离开”。
例如：
I caught a really big fish but it got away.
The thieves got away from the shop with our money.
(8) The book of A Small Free Kiss in the Dark is also about a young homeless boy and how he survived the war with his friends. (P. 58)
① homeless作形容词，意为“无家可归的”，less是一个形容词后缀，意为“无……、没有……”。
例如：
Many homeless children were saved by the government.
He tried his best to help the homeless children.
② survive此处作不及物动词，意为“幸存、幸免”。
例如：
Only two passengers survived the air-crash.
She survived the attack.
(9) Although we live in peace, some children in other parts of the world still live in fear of their lives. (P. 58)
① in peace意为“平静地、安静地”。
例如：
He died in peace.
Let us forgive each other; only then will we live in peace.
② in fear of意为“担忧、害怕”。
Many people in the world are living in fear of their lives.
6. Study skills
(1) In this book, Anne, a Jewish girl, describes her boredom with being away from the outside world, he unhappiness with living in a small place all year, and her fear of discovery and death. (P. 59)
① describe此处是及物动词，表示“描述”，名词形式为description。
例如：
Please describe the book you are reading.
Words cannot describe her beauty.
② death为不可数名词，意为“死亡”，动词是die，形容词是dead。
The sudden death of his mother made him very sad.
7. Task
(1) My father is in his fifties. (P. 60)
“in one’s +整十的复数”表示“在某人几十岁的时候”。
in one’s twenties/thirties/forties
(2) He gave out TV to a family who could not afford one; he cares for the children who have lost their parents...(P. 60)
care for意为“照看、照料”，相当于take care of。
例如：
He thanked the nurse who cared for him.
She moved back home to care for her elderly parents.
(3) ...whenever he has some money left, he gives it to someone in need. (P. 60)
in need意为“在危难中、在需要帮助的时候”。
We should help the people in need.
(4) Now I realize that he has a heart full of love. (P. 60)
full of意为“充满、装满”，此处在句中作后置定语，另外，full of也可以作状语或者标语。
例如：
He received several baskets full of cards, letters of congratulations.
Robinson stared at the footprint, full of fear.
The room is full of students.

【重点短语和句型归纳】
一、重点短语
1. on one’s mind 挂在心上、惦记
2. grow up 成长
3. wake sb. up 喊醒
4. learn about 了解
5. a great deal of 许多、大量
6. try out for 参加选拔
7. lose heart 泄气、灰心
8. change one’s mind 改变主意
9. as a result 结果、因此
10. be interested in 对……感兴趣
11. more than 超出
12. take notice of 注意
13. give up 放弃
14. so that 以便
15. at the beginning of 开始的时候
16. be used as 被用作
17. instead of 代替
18. enjoy oneself 玩的开心
19. not...until... 直到……才……
20. be/become serious about 认真对待
21. take part in 参加
22. break out 爆发
23. all over the world 全世界
24. in peace 在和平中
25. die of/from 死于
26. in fear of 害怕、担忧
27. in one’s fifties 在某人五十多岁的时候
28. in need 在危难中
29. full of 充满
二、重点句型
1. finish doing sth. 完成做某事
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
3. practise doing sth. 练习做某事
4. go on to do sth. 继续做某事
5. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
7. succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事
8. continue to do sth. 继续做某事
9. be ready to do sth. 准备做某事
10. try one’s best best to do sth. 尽力做某事
11. have sth. done使某事被做
12. keep doing sth. 一直做某事
13. be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事
【语法讲解】
1. when, while, before和after引导的时间状语从句
① when和while引导时间状语从句均表示“当……时候”，when既可以指“时间点”,与瞬间动词连用，也可以指“时间段”，与延续性动词连用（=while）。while表示时间段，因此，while从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。
例如：
When he came in, his mother was cooking.
When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day.
Please don't talk so loud while others are working.
Tom’s brother was playing the computer games while Tom was studying hard.
② before“在……之前”和after“在……之后”。
例如：
He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.
After he had finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.
2. since, until/till引导的时间状语从句
① since引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作，从过去的某一点时间持续到现在，从句时态常用一般过去时，主句的时态一般用现在完成时。
例如：
He has not written to me since he graduated from high school.
We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago.
② 在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。
例如：
The young man read till the light went out.
Let’s wait until the rain stops.
We won’t start until Bob comes.
Don’t get off until the bus stops.
3. as soon as和whenever引导的时间状语从句
① as soon as表示“一……就……”。
As soon as I arrive, I will call you.
He will be happy as soon as he thinks of his childhood.
② whenever引导时间状语从句，表示“每当、任何时候”。
You can ask for help whenever you need it.