北京市第四中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语试题Word版（附解析版）

这是一份北京市第四中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语试题Word版（附解析版），文件包含北京市第四中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语试题解析docx、北京市第四中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语试题docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共32页， 欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
An Unexpected Gift
Twelve-year-ld Mathew Flres is different frm ther kids. He lves junk (垃圾) mail, and these advertisements were the nly reading materials ___1___ t him. Once he asked his mailman if he culd ffer him sme.
The questin ___2___ the mailman. He asked the by the reasn, and then recrded his ___3___ in his Facebk. “Tday while delivering mail, I saw a by reading ads, and he asked me fr extra mail. Actually he wants t g t the library, but his family is very pr and can’t ___4___ the bus.”
The mailman then asked his Facebk friends if they culd ___5___ sme bks fr the by. He wrte, “Mst kids want electrnic prducts! But what he wants is bks. It’s great t see his rare ___6___, and yu may have seen him smile when I said I culd help him!” “He is cunting n me,” he cncluded. “S I am cunting n yu!”
The mailman thught the Facebk pst might ___7___ 50 t 60 bks. But his ___8___ was passed n quickly. Peple frm arund the wrld, including the UK, Australia and India, have sent bks. Hundreds f bks have been delivered t the by’s dr, with hundreds mre ___9___ n their way.
When bks first started arriving, Flres was shcked by what happened. “I thught they were ____10____, but they indeed were fr me.” He says that he can’t wait t share the bks with ther kids, and has prmised t read every ne.
1. A. naturalB. availableC. cmmnD. familiar
2. A. frightenedB. disappintedC. surprisedD. amused
3. A. respnseB. effrtC. decisinD. cmment
4. A. wnB. takeC. shareD. affrd
5. A. adjustB. examineC. spareD. publish
6. A. desireB. effectC. purpseD. value
7. A. give awayB. bring inC. take nD. put up
8. A. beliefB. spiritC. secretD. request
9. A. nlyB. nearlyC. stillD. thus
10. A. mistakenB. helplessC. unusualD. awkward
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了邮递员无意间发现小男孩儿Mathew Flres因贫穷而只看不起书后，将他的故事发到在脸书上，网友们知道后，给小男孩送了好多爱心图书的故事。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他喜欢垃圾邮件，这些广告是他唯一能得到的阅读材料。A. natural 自然的；B. available可获得的； C. cmmn共同的； D. familiar熟悉的。根据第二段中“but his family is very pr”可知小男孩之所以读这些垃圾邮件，是因为他的家庭太穷。所以这些广告是他唯一可获得的阅读材料。故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个问题使邮递员大吃一惊。A. frightened害怕的；B. disappinted失望的； C. surprised 感到惊讶的；D. amused觉得好笑的。根据分析可知，垃圾邮件一向是人们不喜欢的，而小男孩却问邮递员要垃圾邮件，所以在下一句中 “He asked the by the reasn” 邮递员问小男孩这样做的原因。可知邮递员是感到惊讶的。故选C项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他问了男孩原因，然后在脸书上记录了他的回答。A. respnse回答； B. effrt努力；C. decisin决定；D. cmment评论。根据前文 “He asked the by the reasn” 可知，他问了小男孩为什么要这些垃圾邮件，所以这里应该是将小男孩的回答发到了脸书上，故选A项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：实际上他想去图书馆，但他的家庭很穷，付不起乘坐公共汽车的钱。A. wn拥有； B. take 乘坐；C. share 分享；D. affrd 付得起。根据“but his family is very pr”可知，小男孩的家庭很贫困，去图书馆但付不起乘坐公交车的钱。故选D项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，这位邮递员问他脸书上的朋友们是否可以匀出一些书给小男孩。A. adjust 调整；B. examine 检查；C. spare 匀出 D. publish出版。根据下句“Mst kids want electrnic prducts! But what he wants is bks ”以及“ sme bks fr the by.”可知，由于小男孩想要书，所以邮递员想让脸书上的朋友们匀出一些自己的书给小男孩。故选C项。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：遇见他这么罕见的心愿真是太好了，当我说我可以帮助他时，你可以想象他当时的笑容。A. desire心愿； B. effect 努力；C. purpse目的； D. value价值。根据上文中 “Mst kids want electrnic prducts! But what he wants is bks”可知大部分的孩子都想要电子产品，而小男孩想要的却是书，他的愿望是很罕见的。故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：邮差本认为脸书上的帖子可能会收获50到60本书。A. give away 分发；B. bring in 收获；C. take n承担； D. put up张贴。根据下文“Peple frm arund the wrld, including the UK, Australia and India, have sent bks.”以及“50 t 60 bks. ”可知，脸书上的帖子让他收获了很多书。邮差本认为脸书上的帖子可能会收获50到60本书。故选B项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他的请求在网上传播很快。A. belief 信仰；B. spirit 精神；C. secret 秘密；D. request请求。根据上文可知，邮递员向网友们请求捐一些书给小男孩，所以这里他发的帖子应该是请求帮助的，故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：数百本的书已经送到了男孩的门口，还有数百本的书仍然在路上。A. nly仅仅； B. nearly差不多； C. still 仍然；D. thus因此。根据上文“Hundreds f bks have been delivered t the by’s dr.”以及“n their way”可知，有很多书都已经送到了男孩儿的门口，但还有很多书还没有送到。依旧在路上。故选C项。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当书开始陆续到达时，Flres被发生的事情震惊了：“我以为他们弄错了，但他们确实是送给我的。” A. mistaken 弄错的；B. helpless无用的； C. unusual 不寻常的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据本句中的连接词but表示转折，可知，弗洛雷斯一开始很惊讶，以为书是别人寄错了的。但后来知道书的确是送给他的。故选A项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Internatinal Wrkers’ Day, als ___11___(call) Labr Day r May Day, serves as a celebratin f wrkers acrss the whle scial spectrum(范围). Chinese peple celebrate their hliday with a range f activities. It’s a time ___12___ relaxatin, as wrkers enjy a day ff. This year’s hliday lasted frm May 1 t May 5, during which time many peple chse ___13___ (travel) t scenic spts, g shpping, visit exhibitins, r just enjy their time ff wrk with family and friends. Parks and public attractins acrss the cuntry were filled with visitrs eager t enjy their vacatin.
【答案】11. called
12. fr 13. t travel
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了什么是国际劳动节，中国今年劳动节的时间及人们在期间的活动。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：国际劳动节，也被称为劳动节或五一，是整个社会阶层的工人的庆祝活动。句子的谓语为serves，空处为非谓语动词作定语，The Internatinal Wrkers’ Day与call为被动关系，用过去分词。故填called。
【12题详解】
考查介词。句意：这是一个放松的时间，因为工人们享受一天的假期。relaxatin为名词，空处为介词。time fr…意思为：……的时间。故填fr。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：今年假期从5月1日持续到5月5日，在此期间，许多人选择去旅游景点，购物，参观展览，或只是与家人和朋友享受他们的假期。chse t d意思为：选择做某事，空处用不定式作宾语。故填t travel。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In Misklc, a nrtheastern city in Hungary, Fan Liyun has witnessed ___14___ a cup f tea makes a difference in cultural exchanges. Fan, 59, ___15___ (wrk) at the Cnfucius Institute f the University f Misklc as a Chinese teacher currently. She bserves that the institute is seeing mre students wh are curius abut the institute’s curses this spring semester. “We usually held activities t attract students befre new semesters. But it seems it’s n lnger necessary as we almst ___16___ (finish) enrllment befre this semester started, said Fan, wh was knwn as Kristi by her students. “I think nw the number f students ___17___ (study) in ur institute has at least dubled, cmpared t when I first arrived here in 2019.”
【答案】14. hw
15. wrks 16. had finished
17. studying
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道，介绍了一位中国老师范丽云在匈牙利一所大学掀起了一股茶文化热潮，引起了孔子学院的学生报名人数激增。
【14题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：在匈牙利东北部城市米什科尔茨，范丽云见证了一杯茶如何对文化交流产生了巨大的影响。witness后为宾语从句，从句基本结构完整，结合句意，表示“如何”用连接副词hw。故填hw。
【15题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：现年59岁的范目前在米什科尔茨大学孔子学院任教。空处作谓语，根据currently可知，句子描述当下发生的事情，结合wrk可知，此句用一般现在时表示目前情况。主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填wrks。
【16题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：但现在看来已经没有必要了，因为在这学期开始之前，我们几乎已经完成了报名，范说，她的学生们都叫她克里斯蒂。空处作as引导从句的谓语动词，根据befre引导时间状语从句中的谓语动词started，结合语境可知，在学期开始前报名已经完成，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had finished。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：与我2019年刚来的时候相比，我认为现在在我们学院学习的学生人数至少翻了一番。句中已有谓语动词has，空处应用非谓语动词修饰students作定语，students与study构成主动关系，用现在分词。故填studying。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The crisis f fd waste and ___18___(lse) has reached alarming levels glbally, gradually weakening effrts t eliminate hunger, pverty and envirnmental pllutin, said the United Natins Envirnment Prgram (UNEP) in a new reprt launched Wednesday. The UNEP Fd Waste Index Reprt 2024 the secnd editin f this kind, ___19___(launch) in Nairbi, the Kenyan capital, ahead f the Internatinal Day f Zer Waste which falls n Saturday. The wrld wasted 1.05 billin tns f fd in 2022, equivalent t 132 kilgrams per persn and ne-fifth f all fd available t cnsumers, said the reprt ___20___was c-authred by UNEP and WRAP, a British envirnmental charity.
【答案】18. lss
19. was launched
20. which##that
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道，由联合国环境规划署（UNEP）发布的报告称，全球粮食浪费和损失危机已达到令人震惊的水平。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：联合国环境规划署（UNEP）在周三发布的一份新报告中称，全球粮食浪费和损失危机已达到令人震惊的水平，逐渐削弱了消除饥饿、贫困和环境污染的努力。空处与waste并列，用名词作宾语。故填lss。
【19题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：联合国环境规划署的《食物浪费指数报告2024》（这是此类报告的第二版）于周六国际零浪费日之前在肯尼亚首都内罗毕发布。空处作谓语，主语The UNEP Fd Waste Index Reprt 2024 the secnd editin为单数，与launch之间为被动关系，句子描述报告发布在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was launched。
【20题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这份由联合国环境规划署和英国环保慈善机构WRAP共同撰写的报告称，2022年全球浪费了10.5亿吨食物，相当于每人132公斤，占消费者所能获得的所有食物的五分之一。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the reprt，为物，作从句的主语，用关系代词which/that引导从句。故填which/that。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
There are many ways t get invlved and vlunteer at the Natinal Museum f American Histry. Becming a Museum Ambassadr is ne f them. T learn mre abut this vlunteer prgram, please see the descriptins belw.
Museum Ambassadrs at the American Histry Museum are a mbile surce f infrmatin that helps bridge the gap between tw ther vlunteer grups here at the museum — infrmatin desk specialists, wh prvide rientatin (方向) assistance when guests arrive, and vlunteer dcents (讲师), wh prvide Highlights turs, facilitate hands-n demnstratins and circulate thrugh many f ur exhibitins t interact with visitrs. Each year, ur Museum Ambassadrs help ver 100,000 peple get the mst ut f their visits by welcming grups, circulating thrughut the museum's public znes t answer basic questins, and directing visitrs t prgrams and exhibitins f interest. The museum has als emplyed the Museum Ambassadrs t assist with special prjects and events as needed.
T learn mre abut what Museum Ambassadrs d, check ut what Larry has said, “As museum ambassadrs, we get t share in the curisity f a child, the nstalgia (怀旧) f returning visitrs, the treasure hunt f students assigned t find imprtant histrical bjects, and the amazement f thse experiencing ur eye n the natin's histry fr the first time. We can help recmmend a meaningful museum visit just fr yu. There's mre. We're als traffic cps when elevatrs and escalatrs break and extra eyes fr museum security."
If yu enjy…
•interacting with diverse audiences, age grups and learning styles.
•wrking in an ften busy and changing envirnment.
If yu have…
•strng interpersnal and cmmunicatin skills.
•an interest in histry and cmmunicatin.
If yu can…
cmmit t three shifts a mnth (weekday Ambassadrs) r twice a mnth (weekend Ambassadrs).
The museum is pen 364 days a year, including weekends and hlidays.
•handle frequent walking, standing, and talking.
T Apply
T learn mre infrmatin abut the applicatin prcess, please cntact Ruth Shirley.
NOTE: Acceptance int the prgram is subject t successful cmpletin f an interview and backgrund investigatin.
21. Which ne is the respnsibility f Museum Ambassadrs?
A. T receive visitrs at the entrance.
B. T take full charge f museum security.
C. T direct visitrs t their exhibitins f interest.
D. T help visitrs with hands-n demnstratins
22. A qualified Museum Ambassadr shuld________.
A. enjy cmmunicating with peple
B. speak at least tw freign languages
C. have academic backgrund in histry
D. cmmit t wrking three shifts at weekends
23. The authr writes this passage mainly t__________.
A. intrduce vlunteer prgrams fr teenagers
B. prvide special turs t meet different needs
C. invite peple t visit the American Histry Museum
D. attract ptential applicants fr Museum Ambassadrs
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要通过介绍博物馆大使这个志愿者工作，来吸引有意申请博物馆大使的人士。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Each year, ur Museum Ambassadrs help ver 100,000 peple get the mst ut f their visits by welcming grups, circulating thrughut the museum's public znes t answer basic questins, and directing visitrs t prgrams and exhibitins f interest.(每年，我们的博物馆大使所做的是欢迎游客，在博物馆的公共区域巡回且回答游客的基本问题，并引导参观者参观感兴趣的项目和展览，通过做这些，我们的博物馆大使帮助了超过10万人，使他们在自己的旅游参观中有最大的收获。)”可知，博物馆大使的职责之一就是引导游客参观他们感兴趣的展览。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据If yu have…部分“•strng interpersnal and cmmunicatin skills.•an interest in histry and cmmunicatin. (较强的人际交往和沟通能力。对历史和沟通有兴趣。)”可知，一个合格的博物馆大使应该是喜欢与人交流和沟通，A项“enjy cmmunicating with peple (喜欢和人交流)”符合，B项“speak at least tw freign languages (至少会说两种外语)”文中没有提到，C项“have academic backgrund in histry (具有历史学术背景)”文中也没有提到，文中只提到对历史感兴趣，所以C不对；根据If yu can…部分中“twice a mnth (weekend Ambassadrs). (一月两次换班（周末大使）)”可知，D选项“cmmit t wrking three shifts at weekends (承诺周末三班倒)”不符，故选A。
3.推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段主要介绍了成为博物馆大使，可以在美国历史博物馆做志愿者。第二段主要介绍了博物馆大使的职责。第三段介绍了成为博物馆大使的一些好处。接着文章从申请人的意愿，条件，要求，申请等几个方面介绍博物馆大使的工作。所以可以得知，文章主要目的是为了吸引有意申请博物馆大使的人士，故选D。
B
“N,” Mama Lil said it plain and simple. “I ain’t never heard f n girls t be ding that. Bebe, yu need t be getting yurself a real summer jb, smething civilized.”
I’d been living with Mama Lil since I was six, when my wn mama and daddy were killed in an apartment building fire. Lillian Jhns was my mm’s mther. Everybdy n ur street called her Mama Lil and that was what I called her t. I had been butting heads with her ever since I culd remember. And the lder I gt, the mre at dds we were and the mre cnflicts we experienced.
Fr weeks I’d been asking Mama Lil t let me jin the yuth renvatin (修缮) team. It was a grup f kids wh had been chsen by city fficials t wrk with engineers t help repair the Brklyn Bridge. The prject wuld last the summer and pay gd mney. It wuld help me get t cllege, where I wanted t study engineering.
But fr Mama Lil, the thing that made her the mst stubbrn this time, was exactly my dream f becming an engineer. In sme respects, Mama Lil was right. It was true that there weren’t many black wmen engineers. But I wanted t build bridges mre than anything.
“Let me g, Mama Lil,” I begged sftly.
Mama Lil sat as still as a statue. “Mama Lil,” I said carefully, “if yu dn’t sign the bridge prject permissin frm, I will sign it myself. Nbdy will knw the difference.”
The next mrning, Mama Lil’s eyes lked red-tired. “I’m ging t the bridge,” I said firmly. “I knw, Bebe,” she said. Frm her husedress pcket, she tk ut a pen and signed the frm. “Bebe, that bridge is lucky t have yu,” she said.
I hugged Mama Lil gd and hard, smiling big, right at her.
…
Ahead, in the distance, std the Brklyn Bridge. This was the best spt t see the bridge. I’d cme t this crner and studied the bridge a millin times. And n every ne f thse times, I was taken with what I’d cme t call Brklyn Belle.
At night, Belle was dressed in tiny light. On a cludless night like this ne, she was a sight like n ther in the whle city. Jeweled in light. Beautiful.
I had drawn Belle in the high-nn light, at sunset, n snwy days, and n fggy twilight mrnings... I was prud f my drawings, but with each page they shwed a sad truth abut Belle: She needed repair. That bridge renvatin prject needed me; and I needed it, in mre ways than I culd cunt.
24. Mama Lil refused t sign the permissin frm mainly because ______.
A. she had becme stubbrn in her ld age
B. she wuldn’t allw Bebe t have a summer jb
C. she thught the bridge prject was t dangerus
D. she didn’t supprt Bebe’s desire t be an engineer
25. What can we learn frm the stry?
A. Bebe lst her parents in the bridge prject.
B. Bebe liked t draw the bridge n winter mrnings.
C. Bebe and Mama Lil ften gt int arguments with each ther.
D. Bebe called her grandma Mama Lil because she was her mm’s mther.
26. By mentining the name “Brklyn Belle”, the authr intends t help readers ______.
A. recall the histry f the bridge
B. appreciate the bridge’s beauty
C. ignre the damage t the bridge
D. imagine the bridge’s future lk
27. Which f the fllwing culd be the theme f this stry?
A. Dreams knw n clr r gender.
B. Elders always make the best decisins.
C. Cnflict usually reslves itself in the end.
D. Pride wins ut but makes things mre difficult.
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者想要参加修复布鲁克林大桥的项目，作者的外婆不允许作者当工程师，因为当时黑人女性工程师并不多，但是最后她的外婆终于同意了。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“But fr Mama Lil, the thing that made her the mst stubbrn this time, was exactly my dream f becming an engineer.”（但对Mama Lil来说，这次让她最固执的事情，恰恰是我想成为一名工程师的梦想。）可知，Mama Lil拒绝在这份同意书上签字，主要是因为她不支持Bebe想成为一名工程师的愿望，故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“I had been butting heads with her ever since I culd remember. And the lder I gt, the mre at dds we were and the mre cnflicts we experienced.”（从记事起，我就一直与她作对。随着年龄的增长，我们之间的矛盾越来越多，我们经历的冲突也越来越多。）可知，Bebe和Mama Lil经常吵架。故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“And n every ne f thse times, I was taken with what I’d cme t call Brklyn Belle.”（每一次，我都被我称之为Brklyn Belle的东西迷住了。）和倒数第二段的“At night, Belle was dressed in tiny light. On a cludless night like this ne, she was a sight like n ther in the whle city. Jeweled in light. Beautiful.”（晚上，微弱的灯光洒在Belle身上。在这样一个万里无云的夜晚，她的身影在整个城市里是绝无仅有的。饰有宝石的光。美丽。）可知，通过提到“Brklyn Belle”这个名字，作者想帮助读者欣赏这座桥的美丽，故选B。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段的“It was true that there weren’t many black wmen engineers. But I wanted t build bridges mre than anything.”（的确，当时黑人女性工程师并不多。但我最想做的是修建桥梁。）可知，本文主要讲的是作者虽然是黑人，但是却想当工程师修建桥梁，因此本文的主题是“梦不分肤色和性别”，即Dreams knw n clr r gender，故选A。
C
When served cauliflwer r brccli, sme kids turn away in annyance. Dn’t blame them — a new study suggests specific enzymes (酶)in saliva (唾液)might make these vegetables taste terrible t sme children.
These enzymes, called cysteine lyases, are prduced by bacteria in the muth.
The same enzymes are als lcked away in the cells f Brassica vegetables like brccli and cauliflwer. When we chew brccli, these enzymes spill ut f their strage cntainers while thse in ur muth start t wrk.
These enzymes break dwn a cmpund (化合物) called S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfxide (SMCSO) in these vegetables and this breakdwn prcess transfrms the cmpund int sharp smell mlecules (分子). Previus studies f adults suggest the level f cysteine lyase activity in a persn’s saliva determines hw much the SMCSO breaks dwn. This, in turn, influences hw these vegetables taste t adults.
Accrding t these past studies, when different adults cnsume brccli, there can be a huge difference in hw many unpleasant smells the fd lets ff as their saliva-brne enzymes break it t bits. But the authrs wndered whether the same difference can be seen in kids, wh are usually mre sensitive t bitter and sur tastes. They suspected that kids whse saliva prduced the mst smelly, SMCSO-surced cmpunds wuld shw the strngest dislike fr brccli.
And the team’s new study prved their assumptin. While bth adults’ and kids’ saliva prduced smelly cmpunds when expsed t cauliflwer, these smells did nt influence whether adults liked the vegetable. On the ther hand, kids whse saliva prduced high cncentratins f these smells reprted hating cauliflwer the mst.
The new study included 98 pairs f parents and children aged 6 t 8. After taking samples f each participant’s saliva, the scientists mixed it int raw cauliflwer pwder. They measured the SMCSO-surced smell cmpunds let ff and fund each participant’s saliva generated a different quantity f smells.
Interestingly, the degree f sickly smell prductin was similar between parents’ saliva and their children’s. This indicates that parents and kids likely carry similar bacteria in their muths, which wuld cause them t prduce similar levels f cysteine lyases.
Our senses f taste and smell are strngest in yuth, which may make kids even mre sensitive t these differences in flavr. The same preference pattern is nt seen in adults, wh als prduce plenty f bad smells. This suggests that the adults came t tlerate the taste f Brassica vegetables. The findings agree with past studies f hw ur tastes change ver time: we can learn t vercme ur distaste fr certain fd by eating it mre.
28. What are the first tw paragraphs mainly abut?
A. The functin f muth bacteria.B. The cause f an unpleasant flavr.
C. The feature f Brassica vegetables.D. The frm f enzymes in ur muth.
29. What d previus studies indicate?
A. SMCSO-breakdwn depends n varius enzymes.
B. Enzymes determine the taste f Brassica vegetables,
C. Individuals release varying amunts f smell mlecules.
D. Kids prducing the mst smells hate-brccli particularly.
30. What can we cnclude frm the passage?
A. We might accept sme fds thrugh repeated expsure.
B. The level f smells may affect an adult’s taste preference.
C. Parents’ and their kids’ saliva-brne enzymes dn’t match
D. Kids’ saliva culd prduce higher cncentratins f smells.
【答案】28. B 29. B 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了人们之所以在吃西兰花和花菜时觉得难吃是因为口腔唾液中的一种特定的酶。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“When served cauliflwer r brccli, sme kids turn away in annyance. Dn’t blame them — a new study suggests specific enzymes in saliva might make these vegetables taste terrible t sme children. (当吃到花椰菜或西兰花时，一些孩子会不耐烦地走开。不要责怪他们——一项新的研究表明，唾液中的特定酶可能会让这些蔬菜对一些孩子来说味道糟糕)”及第二段“These enzymes, called cysteine lyases, are prduced by bacteria in the muth.(这些酶被称为半胱氨酸裂合酶，是由口腔中的细菌产生的)”可知，文章第一、二段解释了花菜的味道难吃的原因。故选B。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“These enzymes break dwn a cmpund called S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfxide (SMCSO) in these vegetables, and this breakdwn prcess transfrms the cmpund int sharp smell mlecules. Previus studies f adults suggest the level f cysteine lyase activity in a persn’s saliva determines hw much the SMCSO breaks dwn. This, in turn, influences hw these vegetables taste t adults. (这些酶在这些蔬菜中分解成一种叫做S - 甲基 - l - 半胱氨酸亚砜（SMCSO）的化合物，这个分解过程将化合物转化为尖锐的气味分子。先前对成年人的研究表明，人唾液中半胱氨酸裂合酶的活性水平决定了SMCSO的分解程度。这反过来又影响了这些蔬菜对成年人的味道)”可知，之前的研究表明，酶决定了芥属植物在嘴里的味道。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The same preference pattern is nt seen in adults, wh als prduce plenty f bad smells. This suggests that the adults came t tlerate the taste f Brassica vegetables. The findings agree with past studies f hw ur tastes change ver time: we can learn t vercme ur distaste fr certain fd by eating it mre. (这表明，成年人开始耐受芥属植物蔬菜的味道。这一发现与过去关于我们的口味如何随时间变化的研究一致：我们可以通过多吃来克服对某种食物的厌恶)”可知，通过不断的接触，我们可能会接受某些不太喜欢的食物。故选A。
D
Cnsider these facts: The tennis champin Williams sisters are a generatin apart, accrding t the Pew Research Center. Venus, brn in 1980, is labelled “Gen X”; Serena, brn in 1981, is a “millennial”. Meanwhile, Dnald Trump and Michelle Obama bth belng t the same generatin. The frmer was brn in 1946 while the latter was brn in 1964, making them bth “baby bmers”.
Befre yu push these diverse persnalities int generatinal steretypes (刻板印象), let me stp yu there: Just dn’t. Generatin labels, althugh widely adpted by the public, have n basis in scial reality. In fact, in ne recent survey, mst peple did nt identify the crrect generatin fr themselves, even when they were shwn a list f ptins.
This is nt surprising since the labels are frced by survey researchers, jurnalists r marketing firms befre the identities they are suppsed t describe even exist. Instead f asking peple which grup they identify with and why, they just declare the labels and start making prnuncements abut them. That’s nt hw scial identity wrks.
The practice f naming “generatins” based n birth year ges back at least t the suppsed “lst-generatin” f the late 19th century. But as the traditin slid int a never-ending cmpetitin t be the first t prpse the next name that sticks, it has prduced gradually declining returns t scial science and the public understanding.
The suppsed bundaries between generatins are n mre meaningful than the names they’ve been given. There is n research identifying the apprpriate bundaries between generatins, and there is n statistical basis fr requiring the sweeping character traits (特征) that are believed t define them. In ne article yu might read that millennials are “liberal lins”, “dwnwardly mbile”, and “distrustful”; even thugh they als “get alng well with their parents, respect their elders and wrk well with clleagues”.
Ridiculus, clearly. But what’s the harm? Aren’t these labels just a bit f fun fr writers? A methd t attract readers and a way f cmmunicating generatinal change, which n ne wuld deny is a real phenmenn? We, in academic scial science, study and teach scial change, but we dn’t study and teach these labels because they simply aren’t real. And in scial science, reality still matters.
Wrse than irrelevant, such baseless labels drive peple tward steretyping and thughtless character judgment. Measuring and describing scial change is essential, and it can be useful t analyze the histrical perid in which peple were brn and raised, but drawing randm lines between birth years and assigning names t them desn’t help.
Tday there are lts f gd alternatives t label generatins. We can simply describe peple by the decade in which they were brn and define generatinal grups specifically related t a particular issue—such as 2020 schl kids. With the arrival f “Generatin Z”, there has never been a better time t get ff this train.
31. What d the facts listed in Paragraph 1 imply?
A. Different peple have different pinins abut generatin labels.
B. Peple with the same generatin label may nt be f similar age.
C. Generatinal change can be measured by generatin labels.
D. Generatin labels are widely adpted by celebrities.
32. The underlined wrd “sticks” in Paragraph 4 prbably means ______.
A. is understdB. is analyzedC. is describedD. is accepted
33. Accrding t the passage, the authr may agree that ______.
A. the generatin label is a harmless device writers use t reflect reality
B. generatin bundaries are mre meaningful than generatin labels
C. assigning character traits t a certain generatin is misguided
D. jurnalists shuld find alternative ways t judge character
34. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Generatin labels: It’s high time t retire them
B. Generatin labels: The nging debate will never end
C. Generatin labels: What d they say abut wh we are?
D. Generatin labels: Expand r bridge generatinal differences?
【答案】31 B 32. D 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了代际标签的制定，说明代际标签具有不可靠性，给一代人贴标签，有很多好的替代选择。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Meanwhile, Dnald Trump and Michelle Obama bth belng t the same generatin. The frmer was brn in 1946 while the latter was brn in 1964, making them bth “baby bmers”.”（同时，唐纳德·特朗普和米歇尔·奥巴马都属于同一代人。前者出生于1946年，而后者出生于1964年，他们都属于“婴儿潮一代”。）可知，具有同一代标签的人可能年龄不同。故选B项。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“But as the traditin slid int a never-ending cmpetitin t be the first t prpse the next name”（但是，随着这一传统滑向一场无休止的要成为第一个提出下一个名字的竞争，）以及“it has prduced gradually declining returns t scial science and the public understanding.”（社会科学和公众理解的回报率逐渐下降。）可知，句中the next name指的是为下一代取的名字，即可以被接受的一个名字，推测划线单词表示“接受”，与is accepted同义。故选D项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Befre yu push these diverse persnalities int generatinal steretypes (刻板印象), let me stp yu there: Just dn’t.”（在你将这些不同性格推入代际刻板印象之前，让我在这里阻止你：不要这样做。）以及第六段“We, in academic scial science, study and teach scial change, but we dn’t study and teach these labels because they simply aren’t real. And in scial science, reality still matters.”（在学术社会科学中，我们研究和教授社会变革，但我们不研究和教授这些标签，因为它们根本不是真实的。在社会科学中，现实仍然很重要。）可知，作者不同意将不同的性格推入代际刻板印象，认为代际标签是不真实的，可能同意将性格特征分配给某一代是错误的。故选C项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要说明了代际标签的制定以及一些代际标签制定的发展，说明了代际标签具有不可靠性，给一代人贴标签，有很多好的替代选择，所以“时代标签：是时候让它们退役了”可以作为文章标题。故选A项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Is there a link between scial media and depressin? D scial media have a negative impact n yur mental health? It’s cmplicated.
In a recent study, the investigatrs cmpared scial media use and depressin between teens.
___35___Specifically, fr every hur per day that ne teen spent n scial media mre than her peers, she likely had a 0.64 pint higher depressin scre.
A different study published in 2018 identified five distinct types f scial media users. The finding was that "prblematic scial media use" was ne f the main themes fr peple whse mental health was affected by scial media. Yu can have alchl in yur life withut it being a prblem, r yur alchl use may becme prblematic. ___36___
There's ne imprtant thing t remember abut survey research just because tw things happen tgether, it's nt necessarily true that ne causes the ther. ___37___Fr all we knw, it culd be that peple wh are already mre depressed chse t spend mre time n scial media.
___38___If yu think that we shuldn't paint scial media with ne brad brush, yu're n the right track. On the ne hand, participants ften described scial media as a valuable way t cpe with stress. On the ther hand, cyberbullying via scial media was als a cmmn experience fr participants. Sme als said that cnstantly checking their wn scial media prfile was stressful.
It’s certainly pssible that experiences like cyberbullying, cmparing yurself t idealized images, and cnstantly mnitring yur prfile, are bad fr yur md. It's als true fr many that scial media ffer cmmunity supprt and psitive messages. Given the incnclusive research, it's safe t say that at least we shuldn't write ff scial media altgether. ___39___Anyway, yu cannt use it as a crutch fr cping with ther stressrs and mental health prblems.
A. It's the same with scial media.
B. Scial media can be a duble-edged swrd.
C. Peple get mre pininated abut the ptential prblems f scial media.
D. They fund that thse wh used scial media mre had higher depressin scres.
E. They reviewed all existing research and fund that there were bth benefits and drawbacks.
F. The key t benefiting frm scial media may lie in using it in mderatin and staying scially cnnected.
G. Fr example, just because higher scial media use c-ccurs with higher levels f depressin desn't mean scial media use causes depressin.
【答案】35. D 36. A 37. G 38. B 39. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，社交媒体是一把双刃剑，它对使用者的心理健康有影响，比较抑郁的人选择在社交媒体上花更多的时间，人们应该适度使用社交媒体并保持社交联系。
35题详解】
由下一句“具体来说，一个青少年每天花在社交媒体上的时间比她的同龄人多1个小时，她的抑郁得分可能高出0.64分。”可知，承接下文，D选项“他们发现使用社交媒体越多的人抑郁得分越高。”切题；该选项中的higher depressin scres对应下文中的a 0.64 pint higher depressin scre。故选D项。
【36题详解】
由上一句“你可以在你的生活中拥有酒精，不让它成为一个问题，或者你的酒精使用可能成为一个问题。”可知，承接上文，A选项“社交媒体也是如此。”切题；该选项表示社交媒体使用和酒精使用一样，可能变成问题，也可能不是问题。故选A项。
【37题详解】
由上一句“调查研究有一件重要的事情要记住，因为两件事同时发生，不一定一件事导致另一件事。”可知，承接上文，G选项“例如，仅仅因为较高的社交媒体使用量与较高的抑郁水平并存并不意味着社交媒体使用量会导致抑郁。”切题；该选项是对上文“it's nt necessarily true that ne causes the ther.”的举例说明。故选G项。
【38题详解】
由下文“一方面，参与者经常将社交媒体描述为应对压力的一种有价值的方式。另一方面，通过社交媒体进行网络欺凌也是参与者的常见经历。”可知，B选项“社交媒体可以是一把双刃剑。”切题；该选项中的a duble-edged swrd对应下文所提及的社交媒体的好坏两方面。故选B项。
【39题详解】
由下一句“不管怎样，你不能把它作为一个依靠来应付其它的压力和心理健康问题。”可知，承接下文，F选项“从社交媒体中获益的关键可能在于适度使用社交媒体并保持社交联系。”切题；该选项中的using it in mderatin and staying scially cnnected对应下文中的“不能把社交媒体作为应对压力和心理健康问题的一个依靠”。故选F项。
【点睛】第一、通读全文，了解文章大意。这是一个泛读的过程，目的是了解文章大意，为以后的理解做铺垫。
第二、明确关联关系。任何句子都是要么和上文有联系，要么和下文有联系，要么和上下文都有联系。例如第2、3小题都与它们的上文有联系。
第三、带入通读，复查。
做完题目切忌直接离开，这时我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍，将其看做一片行文通顺语意连贯的文章来读，这时如果感到有含义不连贯的地方，很有可能是我们填错了空，就要复查了，注意：七选五的特点在于，错一道，往往还会错另外的一道或几道，我们叫做“连错”，所以当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时，一定要同时检查其它空。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
What makes sme peple incapable f aplgizing even when they’re clearly in the wrng?
Peple wh cannt aplgize ften have deep feelings f lw self-wrth. When their delicate eg(自我) cannt absrb the blw f admitting they were wrng, their defense mechanisms kick in—they may place blame and even argue abut basic facts t prevent the threat f having t lwer themselves by ffering an aplgy.
Unfrtunately, many f us mistakenly interpret these peple’s defensiveness as a sign f psychlgical strength. That’s because utwardly they appear t be tugh individuals wh refuse t back dwn. But this desn’t shw that they’re strng—it shws that they’re weak.
Admitting that we’re wrng is emtinally uncmfrtable and painful t ur sense f self. In rder t take respnsibility and aplgize, ur self-wrth needs t be strng enugh t absrb that discmfrt. Indeed, if ur self-wrth is higher and mre stable, we can tlerate the temprary discmfrt that such an admissin invlves—withut the walls arund ur eg falling dwn.
But if ur self-wrth is seemingly high but actually breakable, that discmfrt can g thrugh ur defensive walls and scre a direct hit t ur eg. Indeed, the mre fixed ne’s defense mechanisms are, the mre delicate the eg they’re prtecting.
The mistake we ften make when faced with smene wh’s habitually incapable f aplgizing is t becme angry and try t win ur argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situatins, the best we can d is make ur pints as calmly and as cnvincingly as we can and then disengage frm the argument when it becmes unprductive—like when they disagree with the facts, cme up with silly excuses r turn t mean remarks.
40. Why can’t sme peple aplgize?
41. What d many peple mistakenly think f a nn-aplgizer’s defensiveness?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
►When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t express yur anger and make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible.
43. In additin t what is mentined in the passage, what else can yu d if yur friend refuses t aplgize t yu? (In abut 40 wrds)
【答案】40. Because they ften have deep feelings f lw self-wrth,
41. They think f it as a sign f psychlgical strength.
42. When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t express yur anger and make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible.
When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible and then disengage frm the argument when it becmes unprductive.
43. 言之有理即可。
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些人即使明知是错的也无法道歉的原因。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Peple wh cannt aplgize ften have deep feelings f lw self-wrth.(那些不会道歉的人往往有自我价值感较低的深层感受。)”可知，有些人不能道歉是因为他们经常有很深的自卑。故答案为Because they ften have deep feelings f lw self-wrth,
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Unfrtunately, many f us mistakenly interpret these peple’s defensiveness as a sign f psychlgical strength.(不幸的是，我们中的许多人错误地将这些人的防御性理解为心理力量的标志。)”可知，许多人错误地认为一个不道歉的人是防御性的，他们认为这是一种心理力量。故答案为They think f it as a sign f psychlgical strength.
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“In these situatins, the best we can d is make ur pints as calmly and as cnvincingly as we can and then disengage frm the argument when it becmes unprductive—like when they disagree with the facts, cme up with silly excuses r turn t mean remarks.(在这种情况下，我们所能做的就是尽可能冷静地、令人信服地阐述自己的观点，然后在争论变得毫无意义时就退出——比如当他们不同意事实时，就想出愚蠢的借口或发表刻薄的言论。)”可知，当你试图赢得与一个不道歉的人的争论时要注意在争论变得毫无意义时退出。故答案为When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t express yur anger and make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible.
When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible and then disengage frm the argument when it becmes unprductive.
【43题详解】
开放题。如果你的朋友拒绝向你道歉，你所能做的。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为：If they are nt friends yu interact with regularly, yu can cnsider minimizing cntact with them. But if they are clse cnnectins, yu can accept their behavir and try t make yur peace with them.
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英国交换生 Jim 打算寒假出京旅游，发来邮件请你推荐一座中国历史文化名城。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1．你的推荐；
2．推荐理由。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I am s excited t learn that yu are planning t travel t anther city with rich histry and culture in China. After careful cnsideratin, I have decided t recmmend Xi’an t yu.
Yur jurney t Xi’an will be ne f ancient wnders. As the capital city fr 13 dynasties, it is hme t cuntless histric relics — the Terra-ctta Warrirs, the Great Wild Gse Pagda and many thers. I am sure a histry lver like yu will nt be disappinted. Xi’an is als a wnderland fr yu t explre the fascinating art and culture f the East. There, yu can experience the raw energy f Qinqiang Opera and the beauty f calligraphy n stne tablets.
I am sure yu will enjy yurself in this histric city! If yu have further questins, ask me anytime.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国交换生Jim回复邮件，推荐一座中国历史文化名城，并讲述推荐理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
数不尽的：cuntless →innumerable/a great number f
迷人的：fascinating →attractive/absrbing
体验/经历：experience →underg
享受/玩得开心：enjy neself →have fun
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Xi’an is als a wnderland fr yu t explre the fascinating art and culture f the East.
拓展句：Xi’an is als a wnderland, where yu can explre the fascinating art and culture f the East.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am s excited t learn that yu are planning t travel t anther city with rich histry and culture in China.（运用了that引导宾语从句）
【高分句型2】If yu have further questins, ask me anytime.（运用了if引导条件状语从句）