高中英语Unit 1 Science and Scientists达标测试

这是一份高中英语Unit 1 Science and Scientists达标测试，共13页。
【教材原句】
Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared diseases in the wrld, until a British dctr, Jhn Shw, shwed hw it culd be vercme. (教材P2)
【辨析】
两者都有“战胜”的意思，但其含义有一定区别。
vercme 意思是“克服，解决，战胜”，宾语常常是困难、问题、障碍等。
cnquer 意思是“征服，占领，攻占，克服”，宾语常常是国家、民族，自然界的客观事物，如，高山，大海，河流等等。
温馨提示：两者都可指战胜对手，消除或克服差异，克服或战胜心理方面的问题，如，恐惧，悲伤，焦虑等，这时两者可换用。
【例句呈现】
She vercame/cnquered her natural diffidence and spke with great frankness.
她克服了胆怯的毛病，非常坦率地说出了自己的想法。
The tw parties managed t vercme/cnquer their differences n the issue.
两个政党设法弥合了在这个问题上的分歧。
She vercame/cnquered injury t win the Olympic gld medal.
她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。
She was trying t vercme/cnquer her physical repugnance fr him.
她努力克制对他非常强烈的反感。
In the final game Sweden easily vercame/cnquered France.
在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
S far, we have managed t vercme all the bstacles that have been placed in ur path.
至此，我们已设法排除了设置在道路上的一切障碍。
Find a way t vercme yur difficulties.
找出办法战胜困难。
I then realized hw pssible it was t vercme/cnquer yur limitatins.
那时我才意识到，人克服自身局限的可能性到底有多大。
Western fficials say the prblem is minr, and shuld be quickly vercme.
西方官员称这个问题并不严重，应该很快就会解决。
I wuld vercme/cnquered any weakness, any despair, any fear.
我要克服所有的软弱、绝望和恐惧。
The Nrmans cnquered England in 1066.
诺尔曼人于1066年征服了英格兰。
Mnt Blanc was cnquered in 1786.
勃朗峰于1786年被征服。
【考点过关】
根据vercme和cnquer用法，用其适当形式填空。
1. The wrld champin ______ yet anther challenger last night.
2. The night befre the test I _______ by fear and despair
3. I ________ my mral scruples at last.
4. They had t _______ frmidable bstacles.
5. During 1936, Musslini _______ Abyssinia
6. Human beings are learning t ______ all kinds f natural disasters.
7. The Spanish _______ the New Wrld in the sixteenth century.
8. S far, we ________ the enemy.
9. When will scientists ________ the stars?
10. The lng-cherished dream f _________ the Huanghe River will becme a reality.
11. Man will ________ nature.
12. Smething gave me the strength __________ the difficulty
13. T succeed, yu must learn ________ bstacles.
14. Early in the eleventh century the whle f England _______ again by the Vikings.
15. In the wake f develpments in science and technlgy, man has becme mre capable f _______ nature.
16. There is always ne thing ________ anther.
【参考答案】
1. cnquered/vercame; 2. was vercme/cnquered; 3. vercame/cnquered; 4. vercme; 5. cnquered; 6. cnquer; 7. cnquered; 8. have cnquered; 9. cnquer; 10. cnquering; 11. cnquer; 12. t vercme; 13. t vercme; 14. was cnquered; 15. cnquering; 16. t cnquer/vercme
●主语 + used t d; 主语 + be/get used t ding sth.; 主语 + be used t d sth.
【教材原句】
Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared diseases in the wrld, until a British dctr, Jhn Shw, shwed hw it culd be vercme. (教材P2)
【辨析】
主语 + used t d sth. 表示“过去常常”，说明过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，但现在已经不那样做或已经不存在了。其中的t是不定式符号,后面要接动词原形。它只有过去式一种形式,可以用于所有人称。
主语 + be/get used t sth./ding sth. 表示“习惯于做某事”，t是介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词，be是系动词,可以用于过去、现在、将来的多种时态, 还可以用get, becme等词来代替。
主语 + be used t d sth. =主语 + be used fr ding sth. 表示“被用来做某事”，是use sth. t d sth. 和use sth. fr ding sth.的被动结构。
温馨提示：
= 1 \* GB3 ①used t d sth. 的疑问式为Did … use t …? 或Used … t …? 构成；否定式为didn’t use t d sth. 或 usedn’t t d sth.
= 2 \* GB3 ② there used t be… 表示“过去有….”
【例句呈现】
This pwerful drug is used t tranquilize patients underging surgery.
这种强效药剂被用来麻醉手术病人。
The test is used t diagnse a variety f diseases.
此项化验可用于诊断多种疾病。
They used t buy ten kils f beef in ne lump.
他们过去常买10公斤重的整块牛肉。
The ld-timers used t recall hw ht 1886 was.
老人们常常回想起1886年的酷热。
I used t watch TV, but nw I dn’t like it.
我过去常常看电视,但现在不喜欢了。
He didn’t use / used nt t g hme by bus.
他过去不常坐公共汽车回家。
-- Did yu use t be a teacher? / Used yu t be a teacher? 你过去是老师吗?
-- Yes, I did. 是的。
There used t be an ld temple behind my huse, didn’t there?
过去我家房子后面有一个古寺，是吗？
He is used t air travel.
他习惯坐飞机旅行。
She is nt used t eating Chinese fd.
她不习惯吃中餐。
Yu’ll sn be/get/becme used t ur way f living.
你不久就会习惯我们的生活方式的。
Wd is ften used t make desks and chairs.
木材常常被用来制作桌椅。
Cal can be used t keep warm.
煤可以用来取暖。
I am used t getting up early.
我习惯早起。
【考点过关】
根据“主语 + used t d; 主语 + be/get used t ding sth.; 主语 + be used t d sth. ”用法填空
1. My cusin is used t ________ (study) with his new friends in Australia.
2. I never used t ___________ (eat) cakes, but I eat a lt nw.
3. My mther is used t ________ (get) up early t ck breakfast fr us.
4. I used t ___________ (g) swimming n Saturdays.
5. Jim has lived in Australia fr tw years. He is used t _________ (drive) n the left.
6. Didn’t she use t ____________ (live) in Germany?
7. Yu’ll sn get used t ___________ (live) in the cuntry.
8. I’m nt used t _____________ (treat) like this.
9. My parents used t ________ (get) up at 7, but nw they get up at 6 and ck breakfast fr me.
10. Knives are used fr _________ (cut) things.
【参考答案】
1. studying; 2. eat; 3. getting; 4. g; 5. driving; 6. live; 7. living; 8. being treated; 9. get; 10. cutting
●die frm; die f
【教材原句】
In the early 19th century, when n utbreak f chlera hit Eurpe, millins f peple died frm the disease. (教材P2)
What’s mre, in anther part f Lndn, a wman and her daughter had died f chlera after mving away frm Brad Street! (教材P2)
Each year, millins f peple arund the wrld get chlera and many die frm it. (教材P2)
【辨析】
两者都是“死于…., 因….而死”的意思，当宾语是具体的病名或illness/sickness/disease时，可以换用，但在其它意义上有一定的区别。
die frm强调因受伤、劳累、身体虚弱、不良生活习惯、自然灾害和意外事故等造成的死亡, 外因居多。
die f 强调因疾病、饥渴，寒冷，年老和各种情感因素造成的死亡，内因居多。
【例句呈现】
400 peple a year die f/frm this disease n average.
平均每年有400人死于这种疾病。
Millins culd die f hunger as an indirect result f the war
作为战争的间接后果，数百万人可能会死于饥饿。
Only ne in 10 peple wh are ver 80 will die f/frm cancer.
现在80岁年龄层中只有10%的人死于癌症。
He said six millin children die f hunger every year.
他说，每年大约600万儿童死于饥饿。
In Britain tday, ne in three men will die f/frm heart disease.
在如今的英国三分之一的人死于心脏�
Fine, die f thirst that'll really shw me.
好，渴死的时候再来向我要.
They als were twenty-three percent mre likely t die f/frm cancer.
她们患癌症的死亡率也要高23%。
Many peple die f starvatin during famines every year.
每年发生饥荒时都有许多人饿死。
Peple d nt die f clds.
哪有伤风感冒就会送命的。
Freda Bright says, "Only in pera d peple die f lve."
弗雷德·布莱特说过，“只有在歌剧中，人们才会为爱而死。”
It's reprted that thusands f peple die frm illegal driving each year.
据报道,每年有数千人死于非法驾驶。
I think we'd die frm hypthermia r expsure t the elements first.
我认为我们会首先死于体温过低或曝晒。
He says there is a real danger that mre peple culd die frm the ecnmic impact f COVID-19 than frm the virus itself.
他表示，会有更多的人死于新冠病毒疫情造成的经济危机，甚于疫情本身，这是一种现实危险。
The CDC estimates that abut ne in five peple wh die frm drwning are under age 14.
美国国家疾病防疫中心声称，死于溺水的人有五分之一是14岁以下的儿童。
One third f the wrld's cigarettes are smked in China, where ver ne millin peple die frm smking every year.
中国占据全球香烟的三分之一，每年因吸烟死亡的人数超过了100万人。
【考点过关】
用die frm, die f的适当形式填空
1. The ld man _______ lung cancer last year.
2. The cuple and their sn _______ AIDS yesterday.
3. The prblem is that 10, 000 peple _______ diseases every week caused by smking.
4. Arund fifty peple _______ hunger every day in the big city.
5. Her father and her brthers wuld _______ shame
6. Sme children in the cuntryside in India _______ cld and starvatin.
7. Every year there are sme yung peple _______ disappinted lve in the cuntry.
8. The wman _______ laughter and excitement several mnths.
9. Alice _______ srrw and bredm last week.
10. Tm’s grandfather ________ smking last night.
11. The brave sldier _______ a chest wund.
12. Many peple ________ drinking t much wine every year.
13. The peasant _______ verwrk in the factry the day befre yesterday.
14. Thse ld men in the village _______ weakness.
15. Nwadays mre and mre yung peple ______ heart illness.
16. The by ______ a car accident three days ag.
【参考答案】
1. died f/frm; 2. died f/frm; 3. die f/frm; 4. die f; 5. die f; 6. die f; 7. dying f; 8. died f; 9. died f; 10. died frm; 11. died frm; 12. die frm; 13. died frm; 14. died frm; 15. die frm; 16. died frm
●attend; jin; jin in; take part in; participate in
【教材原句】
In time, he rse t becme a famus dctr, and even attended t Queen Victria when she gave birth. (教材P2)
Brn in Hangzhu in 1911, Qian attended schls in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jia Tng University t study Railway Mechanical Engineering. (教材P7)
【辨析】
都有“参加”的意思，但用法稍有不同。
attend后常接“会议、典礼、聚会”等名词作宾语，强调亲临现场；还可以用于正式的听课或上学等。attend t sb./sth. 照顾/照料某人/某物。
jin “加入”各种团体、党派、组织、人群等，成为其中的一员。
jin in “参加”，尤其指与其他人一起参加某项工作或活动。
take part in指参加某项活动，重在说明参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用，当part前有形容词时，须用不定冠词。
participate in “参加，参与”，正式用语。
温馨提示：jin in用法相当于take part in或jin in, 三者一般可以换用。指参与游戏时一般用jin in
【例句呈现】
The meeting was attended by 90% f sharehlders.
90%的股东出席了会议。
Our children attend the same schl.
我们的孩子上同一所学校。
Thusands f peple attended the funeral.
数千人参加了葬礼。
I've jined an aerbics class.
我参加了有氧健身班。
She jined the Cmmunist Party three mnths ag.
她三个月前加入共产党。
His wife and children mved t jin him in their new hme...
他的妻子和孩子们搬进了他们的新家，和他一起生活。
He jined the Army five years ag.
他5年前参军了。
May I jin in the discussin?
我可以参加讨论吗?
I hpe that everyne will be able t jin in the fun
我希望每个人都能够加入进来，玩得开心。
It's n use egging him n; he's made up his mind nt t take part in the turnament.
他已拿定主意不参加比赛了，你再将他也没有用。
Mre and mre peple are beginning t participate in the activity.
越来越多的人开始参加这项活动。
The researchers asked 25 university students t take an active part in their sleep experiment.
研究人员让25名大学生积极参加他们的睡眠实验。
【考点过关】
根据attend; jin; jin in; take part in; participate in 用法填空
1. They ______ cllege tgether at the University f Pennsylvania last year.
2. We all _______ his wedding yesterday.
3. Nw and again he'd ______ when we were playing vide games.
4. They _______ the sprt that interests them mst.
5. He als writes articles, hping that mre peple will _____ prtecting natural ecsystems.
6. Ally has learned hw t wrk with Clara and t get her t _______ the lessns.
7. A teen might ______ a vlunteer prject because his r her friends are ding it, r get gd grades because his r her friends think getting gd grades is imprtant.
8. They all _______ the Trade Unin last year.
【参考答案】
1. attended ; 2. attended; 3. jin in ; 4. jin in/take part in/participate in; 5. jin in/take part in/participate in; 6. jin in/take part in/participate in; 7. jin in/take part in/participate in; 8. jined
●suspect; dubt
【教材原句】
Snw suspected that the water pump was t blame. (教材P2)
【辨析】
两者都有“怀疑”的意思，但是用法有一定区别。
= 1 \* GB3 ①两者后面接名词、代词或名词性词组时可通用。
= 2 \* GB3 ②两者后面接 that 从句时，意思截然不同。dubt如果用肯定结构，表示“不相信，怀疑不是那样”， 而suspect 表示“怀疑，怀疑其有”。如果duubt用否定结构，则表示“确信”。
= 3 \* GB3 ③ dubt 后面可以接 whether/if 引导的从句，而suspect不可以。
= 4 \* GB3 ④ 两者构成的短语不同。dubt常构成：dubt f sth 疑惑某事；suspect 常构成以下两个结构：suspect sb./sth. t be…怀疑某人或某物是….；suspect sb. f (ding) sth. 怀疑某人某事/做某事。
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤dubt作名词，表示“疑惑”，常构成结构：there is n/little dubt that….毫无疑问…
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥ suspect 作名词是“犯罪嫌疑人”的意思。
【例句呈现】
I suspect the truth f her statement.
我对她那番话的真实性表示怀疑。
He says he can cure me, but I still dubt/suspect him.
他说他能治好我的病，但我仍对他不放心。
I dubt that he has stlen my watch.
我不相信他偷了我的手表。
I suspect that he has stlen my watch.
我怀疑 / 猜想他偷了我的手表。
I dubt that she is the criminal.
我不相信她是罪犯。
I suspect that she is the criminal.
我怀疑她是罪犯。
The dctr suspected that he was ill with flu.
医生怀疑/认为他得了流感。
I dn't dubt that he is right.
我确信他是对的。
I didn't dubt that he wuld cme.
我当时相信他会来的。
Why did she dubt that they were cheats？
她为什么怀疑他们是骗子？
I dubt whether/if he'll cme.
我不敢肯定他来不来。
It's raining hard. I dubt whether it will be fine tmrrw.
雨下得很大，我不敢说明天会晴。
She never dubted f his success.
她从不怀疑他的成功。
I suspected him t be the spy.
我认为他就是那个间谋。
What made yu suspect her f having taken the mney？
你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？
【考点过关】
用suspect和dubt的适当形式填空。
1. There is n ______ that televisin has greatly changed peple’s lives.
2. I think there is very little ______ that will happen.
3. Others _______ whether/if that wuld happen.
4. There is n _______ that cmputers are very useful in technlgy and business.
5. I _______ whether/if he will marry her.
6. There is n _______ that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.
7. N ne _______ him f his ability at that time.
8. The plice _______ him f having a part in the jewel rbbery yesterday.
9. N ne directly invlved with the case _______ him nw.
10. The plice have eliminated tw ______ frm their investigatin.
11. A referendum shwed beynd ______ that vters wanted independence.
12. He ________ that the wman staying in the flat abve was using herin, and s she was.
13. The _______ is currently under cntrl f Xiangtan plice.
14. They ________ me f having a hand in the affair last year.
15. I think there is very little _______ that will happen.
【参考答案】
1. dubt; 2. dubt; 3. dubted; 4. dubt; 5. dubt; 6. dubt; 7. dubted/suspected; 8. suspected; 9. dubts/suspects; 10. suspects; 11. dubt; 12. suspected; 13. suspect; 14. suspected; 15. dubt
●主语 + be afraid t d sth. ; 主语 + be afraid f ding sth.
【教材原句】
He was willing t say what thers were afraid t say, and t dream f what thers were afraid t dream abut. (教材P9)
【辨析】
两个短语都有“怕做某事”的意思, 但实际含义及涉及语境有明显区。
主语 + be afraid t d sth. 表示主语没有胆量做某事，对做某事感到恐惧。
主语 + be afraid f ding sth. 表示主语担心做了某事会出现某种后果。
【例句呈现】
They are afraid t swim because they are afraid f drwning.
他们不敢游泳，因为他们担心会被淹死。
They may be afraid f lsing yu.
他们可能害怕失去你。
She was afraid f waking her husband.
她怕吵醒她丈夫。
I was afraid f hurting his feelings.
我怕伤了他的感情。
He came late t schl and was afraid f being sclded by the teacher.
他上学迟到了, 害怕被老师责备。
He is afraid f being beaten by his father.
他怕被他爸打。
Dn't be afraid t talk t smene wh has mre experience.
不要害怕与有更多经验的人交谈。
Dn't be afraid t experiment.
别害怕做尝试。
I want yu t never be afraid t make a decisin
任何时候都不要害怕做决定。
Dn't be afraid t ask fr advice abut rdering the meal
点餐时可以大胆征求意见。
These bys are afraid t speak in frnt f the audience.
这些孩子不敢在众人面前说话。
It is cmmn fr children t be afraid t sleep alne.
小孩子不敢一个人睡觉是很常见的。
【考点过关】
根据be afraid f ding sth. 和be afraid t d sth. 的用法填空
1. Dn't be afraid _______ (stand) up fr yurself.
2. Criticize yurself when yu've made a mistake. Dn't be afraid _____ (lse) face.
3. I’m afraid ______ (jump) int the river.
4. Dn't be afraid ______ (make) mistakes and we can learn frm them!
5. Dn't be afraid ______ (laugh) at by thers.
6. Tm was afraid _______ (answer) questins at class.
7. The girl is afraid t ride the bike because she is afraid _______ (fall) dwn frm it.
8. He was afraid _______ (g) ut alne at night.
9. I’m afraid _______ (speak) English befre s many peple because I’m afraid f making mistakes.
10. He is afraid _______ (tuch) the snake.
【参考答案】
1. t stand; 2. f lsing; 3. t jump; 4. f making; 5. f being laugh; 6. t answer; 7. f falling; 8. t g; 9. t speak; 10. t tuch