北京市中国人民大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二上学期10月月考英语试卷（Word版附解析）

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2024年10月
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，共20分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Turnarund
Anxiusly, I lked thrugh the rster (花名册) psted n the wall. My bdy ___1___ as I saw all my friends’ names but did nt find mine. I culd feel the tears building in my eyes. I felt ___2___ inside, like nthing mattered.
When I gt back hme, my father nticed my sullen walk and glmy face, and asked me what was wrng.
“All my friends ___3___ the schl team. Everyne! Except me…” I stammered.
“Well, what are yu ging t d abut it? Are yu just ging t sit there?” he asked.
I didn’t knw what t say, just shaking my head. I thught hard fr thirty minutes abut what my dad said, and it started making ___4___. Nbdy was ging t give me a ___5___ n that team. I wuld have t earn it.
___6___, there was a gym near my schl, s as sn as schl was ver, I biked t the gym and trained hard. I ran, dribbled, and sht until I ___7___ n the flr every single day. There were mments when I didn’t think I culd keep n ging, but I ___8___ thrugh it. After all, I thught, hard wrk beats talent when talent desn’t wrk hard.
After almst a year, I tried ut fr my seventh-grade team with great cnfidence. Regardless f the utcme, I knew that I had wrked hard and learned smething abut mental ___9___. The next day, seeing my name printed in large bld letters, I realized I made it. The greater the effrt, the ___10___ the reward, and I fficially made a turnarund.
1. A. frzeB. changedC. shkD. expanded
2. A. calmB. lnelyC. nervusD. dead
3. A. madeB. supprtedC. acceptedD. celebrated
4. A. histryB. trubleC. senseD. way
5. A. taskB. sptC. handD. reward
6. A. AccidentallyB. CnvenientlyC. TemprarilyD. Hnestly
7. A. rlledB. mvedC. struggledD. cllapsed
8. A. sawB. walkedC. pweredD. lked
9. A. tughnessB. flexibilityC. well-beingD. suffering
10. A. purerB. funnierC. sweeterD. quicker
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者的朋友都被选进校篮球队，自己却落选了，作者感觉非常难过，爸爸得知此事反问作者应该怎么做，作者思考过后觉得爸爸的话有道理，于是努力训练，一年后如愿被选入球队。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我看到所有朋友名字，却没有找到我的名字时，我的身体僵住了。A. frze突然停止；B. changed改变；C. shk摇动，颤抖；D. expanded扩大，增加。根据“as I saw all my friends’ names but did nt find mine”可知，作者看到朋友都被选进校队，自己却落选时顿时僵住了。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感觉心如死灰，好像什么都不重要了。A. calm镇静的；B. lnely孤单的；C. nervus紧张的；D. dead麻木的，无知觉的。根据空后“like nthing mattered”可知，作者感觉心如死灰，好像什么都不重要了。故选D项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我所有的朋友都被选进了校队。每个人！除了我……”我结结巴巴地说。A. made制作；B. supprted支持；C. accepted接受；D. celebrated庆祝。根据上文“as I saw all my friends’ names”可知，作者的朋友都被选进了校队，make the team被选进球队，组队，固定短语。故选A项。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认真地思考了30分钟，爸爸说的话开始有了意义。A. histry历史；B. truble麻烦；C. sense道理，合理性；D. way方法。根据下文“Nbdy was ging t give me a ___5___ n that team. I wuld have t earn it.”可知，作者思考过后感觉爸爸说的话有道理，make sense讲得通，言之有理，固定短语。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有人会在那个团队给我留一席之地。A. task任务；B. spt地点，位置；C. hand手；D. reward回报。根据下文“I wuld have t earn it.”及作者接下来努力训练可知，此处指没有人会为自己在球队留一个位置。故选B项。
【6题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：方便的是，学校附近有一个体育馆，所以一放学，我就骑自行车去健身房刻苦训练。A. Accidentally意外地，偶然；B. Cnveniently方便地，便利地；C. Temprarily临时地；D. Hnestly诚实地。结合“there was a gym near my schl”可知，此处指“方便的是，学校附近有一个体育馆”。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我每天跑动、运球、投篮，直到瘫倒在地。A. rlled（使）翻滚，滚动；B. mved移动；C. struggled挣扎；D. cllapsed倒塌，瘫倒。结合空后“n the flr”及语境可知，作者刻苦训练，直到累得瘫倒在地。故选D项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些时候，我觉得自己无法继续下去，但我还是挺过去了。A. saw看见；B. walked走路；C. pwered驱动，提供动力；D. lked看。根据转折连词but可知，此处指虽然有时感觉无法继续下去了，但还是挺过去，pwer符合语境。故选C项。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管结果如何，我知道我已经努力了，并学会了一些关于精神坚韧的东西。A. tughness坚韧，坚强；B. flexibility灵活；C. well-being幸福；D. suffering痛苦。结合语境及“Regardless f the utcme”可知，作者这次参加选拔赛不介意结果如何，因为自己尽力了，精神上也学会了坚强。故选A项。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：付出的努力越大，回报就越令人满意，我终于正式扭转了局面。A. purer更纯洁的；B. funnier更有趣的；C. sweeter更甜的，更令人满意的；D. quicker更快的。结合作者自身的经历可知，越努力，回报就越令人满意。故选C项。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My phne and laptp are never ut f tuching distance, s I’m cnstantly psting updates n scial media — ____11____ I’m having a cffee, n my way t schl r watching TV. In reality, I’m way ____12____ a shy r reserved persn, but I ____13____ (wire) up every day. It’s funny that my friends and I chatter away nline s much, but when we meet, we just spent the time ____14____ (bend) ver ur phnes and end up having nthing t say.
【答案】11. whether
12. beynd 13. am wired
14. bending
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在日常生活中对社交媒体的依赖以及这种依赖带来的影响。
【11题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：无论我是在喝咖啡、上学的路上还是看电视，我都在不断更新社交媒体。本空引导让步状语从句，用whether引导，表示“无论……还是……”。故填whether。
【12题详解】
考查介词。句意：事实上，我远非一个害羞或矜持的人，但我每天都在网上。本空用介词beynd“超出……之外，（表示不可能）”，way beynd“远非，远不是”为固定短语。故填beynd。
【13题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：事实上，我远非一个害羞或矜持的人，但我每天都在网上。根据every day可知，本句描述经常或习惯性动作，时态用一般现在时，且主语I与wire up“给……布线，连接起来”为被动关系，句子用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为I，be动词用am。故填am wired。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：有趣的是，我和朋友们经常在网上聊天，但当我们见面时，我们只是把时间花在低头看手机上，最后却无话可说。本句谓语为spent，此处为非谓语动词，“spend+时间+(in) ding sth.”意为“花时间做某事”，本空应用动名词，作宾语。故填bending。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I haven’t seen Mr. Jenkins since I ____15____ (leave) schl, but I ften think abut him. T be hnest, I ____16____ (perfrm) prly in many schl subjects befre I met him, especially in science. T me, it was a subject full f strange wrds. But Mr. Jenkins made everything interesting. He used t explain smething ____17____ seemed difficult with lts f practical examples and in simple language. We even built a rcket and lit a match t set it ff. It was great fun.
【答案】15. left
16. perfrmed
17. that
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者回忆他的科学启蒙老师詹金斯以及有趣的实验操作。
【15题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：我离开学校后就没见过詹金斯先生，但我经常想起他。此处为since引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词的填入，主句为现在完成时，从句应为一般过去时。故填left。
【16题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：说实话，在认识他之前，我在学校的很多科目都很差，尤其是在科学方面。此处为谓语动词的填入，结合befre从句中的动词met可知，此处为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故填perfrmed。
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他过去常常用许多实际例子和简单的语言来解释一些看起来很难的事情。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词that引导的定语从句，先行词smething为不定代词在从句中作主语成分，所以此处只可用that引导。故填that。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Extrverts are peple wh lk utwards. They cnsider ____18____ (they) sciable and interested in a range f experiences and enjy spending time with ther peple. Intrverts n the ther hand, lk inwards. They are reserved and tend ____19____ (think) befre taking actin. There has been sme interesting research int ____20____ peple are basically extrverts r intrverts. Sme say extrverts and intrverts are brn nt made while thers believe the envirnment is mre imprtant in shaping ne’s persnality.
【答案】18 themselves
19. t think
20. why
【解析】
【导语】本文的体裁是说明文。文章主要介绍了外向型和内向型人格的特征，并简要概述了关于人格类型是天生还是后天形成的科学研究。
【18题详解】
考查代词。句意：他们认为自己善于交际，对一系列经历感兴趣，喜欢与他人共度时光。本空用反身代词themselves“他们自己”，作cnsider的宾语。故填themselves。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们是内向的并倾向于在采取行动之前思考。本句谓语为are和tend，此处为非谓语动词，应用think“思考”的不定式，作tend的宾语。tend t d sth倾向于做某事。故填t think。
【20题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：关于为什么人们基本上是外向或内向的，有一些有趣的研究。本空引导宾语从句，从句作int的宾语，表示“为什么”，用why引导宾语从句。故填why。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节;共38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
A
The Public Transprt Fares in New Yrk
On ur website, yu can find ut hw much it csts t ride the subway, bus, Lng Island Rail Rad, and Metr-Nrth in the New Yrk area.
★ Subways and buses
●Fare fr mst riders n subways and lcal, limited, and Select Bus Service buses:$2.85.
●Express buses cst $6.85.
Mre infrmatin abut subway and bus fares
●Riding the subway csts $2.85 fr mst riders. Peple with disabilities r wh are 65 r lder are qualified fr a reduced fare.
●An unlimited ride MetrCard can save yu mney. It gives yu unlimited rides fr a certain length f time.
●MetrCards cst $1. All cards except fr the Single Ride card are refillable (可充值的).
●Up t three children under 44 inches tall ride fr free when they are with a fare-paying adult.
●Yu pay the fare at turnstiles (旋转闸门) befre yu abard the train. Yu dn’t have t d anything afterwards.
★ Railrads: LIRR (Lng Island Rail Rad) and Metr-Nrth
●Fares vary based n when and where yu are travelling.
●Buying tickets n yur phne is the mst cnvenient ptin.
Mre infrmatin abut railrad fares
●Peak (高峰的) fares are charged during business rush hurs n any weekday train scheduled t arrive in New Yrk City terminals between 6 a.m. and 10 a.m. r depart New Yrk City terminals between 4 p.m. and 8 p.m. On Metr-Nrth trains, peak fares als apply t travel n any weekday train that leaves Grand Central Statin between 6 a.m. and 9 a.m.
●Off-peak fares are charged at all ther times n weekdays, all day n Saturday and Sunday, and n hlidays.
●Use ur trip planner t find fare infrmatin. Get schedules and directins and see whether a trip is during peak r ff-peak hurs.
21. Hw much might a subway trip cst a 68-year-ld man with tw children under 44 inches tall?
A. $2.35.B. $2.85.C. $5.70.D. $6.85.
22. Fr what train trip are peak fares charged?
A. A weekday train leaving Grand Central Statin at 10 pm.
B. A weekday train leaving Grand Central Statin at 7 am.
C. A weekday train departing New Yrk City terminals at 9 pm.
D. A weekday train departing New Yrk City terminals at 8:30 am.
23. Why shuld peple read the trip planner?
A. T knw special ffers.B. T leave yur advice.
C. T check fare infrmatin.D. T bk a train ticket.
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文属于应用文。文章主要介绍了纽约地铁、公交车和铁路等公共交通乘坐费用情况，还涉及地铁及公交费减免情况和铁路交通高峰期的时间和车费。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据Mre infrmatin abut subway and bus fares部分中“Riding the subway csts $2.85 fr mst riders. Peple with disabilities r wh are 65 r lder are qualified fr a reduced fare.(对大多数乘客来说，乘坐地铁的费用是2.85美元。残疾人士或65岁以上的老年人可享受优惠票价)”和“Up t three children under 44 inches tall ride fr free when they are with a fare-paying adult.(最多3名身高44英寸以下的儿童可以免费乘坐，只要他们有一个付费的成人陪伴)”可知一位68岁男子带着身高44英寸以下的孩子需要付的车费低于$2.85。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mre infrmatin abut railrad fare部分中“On Metr-Nrth trains, peak fares als apply t travel n any weekday train that leaves Grand Central Statin between 6 a.m. and 9 a.m.(地铁北线列车的高峰票价也适用于工作日早上6点至9点之间从中央车站出发的任何列车)”可知，在上午七点离开Grand Central车站属于交通高峰期。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据本文最后一段“Use ur trip planner t find fare infrmatin. Get schedules and directins and see whether a trip is during peak r ff-peak hurs.(使用我们的旅行计划来查找票价信息。了解行程和方向，看看旅行是在高峰时间还是非高峰时间)”可知，通过行程规划可以找到费用信息。故选C。
B
When a Hustn dad fund ut his eight-year-ld sn was being bullied, he didn’t get mad at the classmate wh teased him. Instead, he talked with the s-called bully and realized that the by was struggling, t.
Aubrey Fntent’s sn, Jrdan, tld him a by named Tamarin was teasing him. Fntent decided t sit dwn with his sn and Tamarin t understand what was ging n, and smething unexpected happened.
Tamarin tld Fntent he was being teased at schl, t. “I asked, ‘By wh? Yu are big. Yu are huge. Wh is teasing yu?’” the father said. “He said, ‘Just all the ther kids, man. They are making fun f me.’” Fntent learned that Tamarin was getting teased fr his clthes and shes — his clthes and shes were ld and dirty. Fntent then spke t the by’s mther. “She kind f cnfirmed it,” Fntent said. “And she said, ‘That’s the kind f situatin.’”
He felt sympathetic t the yung by and wanted t help. S he asked Tamarin’s mm if he culd take her sn t d sme shpping.
Fntent psted vides f their trip t the mall n scial media and they went viral. Tamarin eventually smiled, and then the tw were laughing and singing tgether n their shpping trip. Just as if he were taking his wn sn t d sme shpping, Fntent gt Tamarin new clthes and shes, and shared wrds f wisdm with him.
Then, the dad united the tw bys. He said it was awkward at first — just a day earlier, they didn’t get alng well at schl. But the tw classmates started playing sprts games tgether and sn became friends. It was nt just abut the clthes and shes. Tamarin gained a friend in Jrdan, and a mentr in his dad.
Fntent said he was als bullied when he was a child, s he knew it was imprtant t listen t Tamarin’s stry. He chse kindness instead f anger and brught the tw bys tgether. “I wuldn’t say that was the gal, but that was the reward,” Fntent said.
24. What was Fntent’s attitude tward his sn’s being bullied?
A. Amazed and embarrassed.B. Angry and impatient.
C. Sad and discuraged.D. Calm and sensible.
25. What did Fntent d t slve the prblem f bullying?
A. He turned t the schl fr help.
B. He made the tw bys united and jin tgether.
C. He asked Tamarin’s mther t settle the prblem.
D. He rdered his sn never t play with Tamarin again.
26. What can we knw frm the text?
A. Fntent cmmunicated with Tamarin’s mther t knw abut him.
B. Jrdan’s being bullied arse frm his clthes and shes.
C. Jrdan and Tamarin gt alng well in the beginning.
D. Tamarin’s mther paid little attentin t Tamarin.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个发生在休斯顿的温馨故事。一位父亲发现他8岁的儿子在学校被欺负后，没有选择愤怒地对待那个欺负他儿子的孩子，而是选择了理解和沟通。通过与所谓的“欺负者”对话，他发现那个孩子也在经历困难。这位父亲通过同情和帮助，最终让两个原本不和的孩子成为了朋友。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When a Hustn dad fund ut his eight-year-ld sn was being bullied, he didn’t get mad at the classmate wh teased him. Instead, he talked with the s-called bully and realized that the by was struggling, t.(当一位休斯顿的父亲发现他八岁的儿子被欺负时，他并没有对嘲笑他的同学生气。相反，他与所谓的欺负者交谈，意识到这个男孩也在挣扎)”可知，Fntent在发现儿子被欺负后，没有生气，而是选择与欺负者交谈，了解到对方也在挣扎。这表明Fntent的态度是冷静和理智的。故选D项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“But the tw classmates started playing sprts games tgether and sn became friends.(但这两个同学开始一起做运动游戏，很快就成了朋友)”可知，Fntent通过一系列的努力，最终让两个男孩团结起来，成为了朋友。故选B项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Fntent then spke t the by’s mther.(Fntent 随后与男孩的母亲交谈)”和第四段“He felt sympathetic t the yung by and wanted t help.(他同情那个小男孩，想帮助他)”可知，Fntent通过与Tamarin的母亲沟通，了解到Tamarin的情况，并产生了同情心，想要帮助他。这表明Fntent是通过与Tamarin的母亲沟通来了解Tamarin的。故选A项。
C
Remving gender bias
Tailrs wrked ut lng ag that men and wmen have different shapes. Yet this message has failed t enter many ther areas f design. Car seat belts, fr example, which date back t the 1880s, are ften still mre suitable fr men, wh tend t sit farther back than wmen when driving. And tday the mst frward-lking tech cmpanies n Earth are still placing ld-schl bias (偏见；成见) int new prducts. Cnsider smart phnes. Mst are t big t fit cmfrtably int the average wman’s hand, as are many vide-game cntrllers.
An bvius part f the explanatin fr their design prblem is that men cntrl mst f its cmpanies—male-run firms receive 82% f venture-capital (VC) funding. Male bsses may be unaware f the prblems wmen face. They may nt flag up bvius areas f cncern, r ask the right questins when ding their research fr a new prduct design. And nce an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by prduct-design and engineering teams, three-quarters f whse members are men. These teams ften use data t make decisins, but mixing all users tgether means they may fail t spt trends based n sex differences. Dependence n histrical data, and the lack f data n underrepresented grups, can als create bias in algrithms (算法).
Next cmes testing. Naturally, designers test riginal mdels n their intended custmers, but they may nt get feedback frm a brad enugh grup f peple. There is als the risk f cnfirmatin bias—designers may listen t what they want t hear, and ignre negative reactins frm sme grups f users.
Tech’s design bias needs fixing fr mral, safety and business reasns. The ethical imprtance is bvius: it is wrng that wmen have t make d with a “ne-size-fits-men” wrld, as Carline Criad Perez, a writer, puts it. As fr safety, regulatrs can tackle that by banning things that are dangerus t wmen—including seat belts—because they are n! designed prperly.
But there is als a pwerful business case fr aviding design bias, because huge pprtunities are being missed. Wmen are 50% f the ppulatin, and make 70—80% f the wrld’s cnsumer-spending decisins.
Change is cming. The first vice-recgnitin systems struggled t understand female vices, but mst nw manage just fine. “Femtech” start-up cmpanies, which fcus n wmen’s health and well-being, may raise MYM 1 billin by the end f this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring mre wmen. Ensuring that prducts are designed fr everyne wuld lead t happier and safer custmers. Fr the cmpanies that get it right, that means higher prfits. What is hlding them back?
27. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means ________.
A. hits the marketB. gets apprval
C. becmes successfulD. cmes int being
28. What is discussed in Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. Why tech’s design bias needs t be fixed.
B. Hw gender bias is affecting tech cmpanies.
C. Where gender bias in prduct design is rted.
D. Wh is t blame fr gender bias in tech cmpanies.
29. We can learn frm the passage that ________.
A. tech cmpanies are unwilling t change
B. design bias may result in missed pprtunities
C. male wrkers benefit mre in engineering teams
D. tech cmpanies are pr at making user-friendly prducts
30. Hw des the authr feel abut the future f bias-free prduct design?
A. Uncertain.B. Sceptical.
C. Psitive.D. Negative.
【答案】27. B 28. C 29. B 30. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了“产品设计存在性别偏见”这一事实，分析了在产品设计上产生偏见和原因，出于道德，安全以及商业原因，这些偏见需要消除，而作者对此抱有积极态度。
【27题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线短语的主语“an idea”意为“想法；主意”，结合后文“ it will then be handled by prduct-design and engineering teams, three-quarters f whse members are men.”（然后，它将由产品设计和工程团队来处理，其中四分之三的成员是男性。）可知，这个想法或创意应是先被批准，才将由产品设计和工程团队来处理。由此可推知，划线短语“gets the green light”应是“获得批准”含义，与选项B“gets apprval(得到批准)”表达含义一致。故选B项。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。通过阅读文章第二，三段内容可知，第二段中“An bvius part f the explanatin fr their design prblem is that men cntrl mst f its cmpanies—male-run firms receive 82% f venture-capital (VC) funding.”（其设计问题的一个明显原因是男性控制了大部分公司。男性经营的公司获得了82%的风险投资。）为该段的主旨句，由此可知，第二段主要讲述了产品存在性别偏见的原因是男性控制了大部分公司，并且在进行决策是，往往使用的是缺乏普适性的数据。第三段的主旨句为“Naturally, designers test riginal mdels n their intended custmers, but they may nt get feedback frm a brad enugh grup f peple.”（当然，设计师会在他们的目标客户身上测试原始模型，但他们可能无法从足够广泛的人群中获得反馈），由此可知，第三段讲述了在进行产品测试时，设计师们无法从足够广泛的人群中得到反馈，且往往忽略一些用户群体的负面反馈。由此可知，第二，三段主要讲述了在产品设计过程中，哪些环节出现了问题。故选C项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“But there is als a pwerful business case fr aviding design bias, because huge pprtunities are being missed.”（但也有一个强大的商业理由来避免设计偏见，因为巨大的机会正在被错过。）可知，设计偏见可能会导致错过巨大的商机。故选B项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段开头句“Change is cming.”可知，在作者看来，改变（产品性别偏见）即将到来，且后文“ ‘Femtech’ start-up cmpanies, which fcus n wmen’s health and well-being, may raise MYM 1 billin by the end f this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring mre wmen. Ensuring that prducts are designed fr everyne wuld lead t happier and safer custmers. Fr the cmpanies that get it right, that means higher prfits.(专注于女性健康和福祉的“Femtech”初创公司可能在今年年底前筹集到10亿美元的MYM资金。风投基金和科技公司正在雇佣更多的女性。确保产品是为每个人设计的，将会带来更快乐和更安全的客户。对那些做对了的公司来说，这意味着更高的利润。)”列举了一些产品的设计考的女性用户的例子以及公司会雇佣更多的女性能够带来更高的利润。由此推断作者对于无偏见产品设计的未来持有积极的态度。故选C项。
D
Fr several decades, there has been an extensive and rganized campaign intended t generate distrust in science, funded by thse whse interests and idelgies are threatened by the findings f mdern science. In respnse, scientists have tended t stress the success f science. After all, scientists have been right abut mst things.
Stressing successes isn’t wrng, but fr many peple it’s nt persuasive. An alternative answer t the questin “Why trust science?” is that scientists use the s-called scientific methd. If yu’ve gt a high schl science textbk lying arund, yu’ll prbably find that answer in it. But what is typically thught t be the scientific methd — develp a hypthesis (假设), then design an experiment t test it — isn’t what scientists actually d. Science is dynamic: new methds get invented; ld nes get abandned; and smetimes, scientists can be fund ding many different things.
If there is n identifiable scientific methd, then what is the reasn fr trust in science? The answer is hw thse claims are evaluated. The cmmn element in mdern science, regardless f the specific field r the particular methds being used, is the strict scrutiny (审查) f claims. It’s this tugh, sustained prcess that wrks t make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gne thrugh a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field wh have bth the right and the bligatin (责任) t find faults.
A key aspect f scientific judgment is that it is dne cllectively. N claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dzens, if nt hundreds, f heads. In areas that have been cntested, like climate science and vaccine safety, it’s thusands. This is why we are generally justified in nt wrrying t much if a single scientist, even a very famus ne, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science — the mre peple lking at a claim frm different angles — is imprtant.
Des this prcess ever g wrng? Of curse. Scientists are humans. There is always the pssibility f revising a claim n the basis f new evidence. Sme peple argue that we shuld nt trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds.” While examples f truly settled science being verturned are far fewer than is smetimes claimed, they d exist. But the beauty f this scientific prcess is that it explains what might therwise appear paradxical (矛盾的): that science prduces bth nvelty and stability. Scientists d change their minds in the face f new evidence, but this is a strength f science, nt a weakness.
31. Hw des the authr think f the scientific methd?
A. Stable.B. Persuasive.
C. Unreliable.D. Unrealistic.
32. What des the underlined wrd “vetted” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Explained.B. Examined.
C. Repeated.D. Released.
33. Accrding t the passage, the authr may agree that ______.
A. it is nt persuasive t reject thse faulty claims
B. settled science tends t be cllectively verturned
C. a leading expert cannt play a decisive rle in a scrutiny
D. diversity in knwledge is the cmmn element in science
34. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Put Yur Faith in ScienceB. Defend the Truth in Science
C. Apply Yur Mind t ScienceD. Explre A Dynamic Way t Science
【答案】31. C 32. B 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了为什么科学值得我们信任。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段中的But what is typically thught t be the scientific methd — develp a hypthesis (假设), then design an experiment t test it — isn’t what scientists actually d. Science is dynamic: new methds get invented; ld nes get abandned; and smetimes, scientists can be fund ding many different things.可知，但是通常被认为是科学方法的方法——提出一个假设，然后设计一个实验来验证它——并不是科学家们真正在做的。科学是动态的：新方法被发明；旧的被遗弃；有时，科学家们会做很多不同的事情。由此可知，作者认为科学不是一成不变的，是新的方法不断发明，取代旧的方法。即科学方法不是固定的，不可信赖的，我们不能一成不变地依赖一种方法。故选C项。
【32题详解】
词义猜测题。由划线词所在句的前文A key aspect f scientific judgment is that it is dne cllectively.可知，科学判断的一个关键方面是集体判断。由此推知，划线词所在句N claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dzens, if nt hundreds, f heads.意为“只有经过几十个（如果不是几百个）负责人的审查，观点才会被接受。”由此可知，划线词意为“审查，仔细检查”。故选B项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段中的A key aspect f scientific judgment is that it is dne cllectively. N claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dzens, if nt hundreds, f heads.(科学判断的一个关键方面是集体判断。只有经过几十个（如果不是几百个）负责人的审查，观点才会被接受)及This is why we are generally justified in nt wrrying t much if a single scientist, even a very famus ne, disagrees with the claim.(这就是为什么当一个科学家，即使是一个非常著名的科学家，不同意这种观点时，我们通常没有理由过分担心)可知，科学观点是经过多人审查的，而某一个人，即使是非常著名的科学家也不能在审查中起决定性作用。故选C项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。由第一段Fr several decades, there has been an extensive and rganized campaign intended t generate distrust in science, funded by thse whse interests and idelgies are threatened by the findings f mdern science. In respnse, scientists have tended t stress the success f science. After all, scientists have been right abut mst things. (几十年来，一直存在着一场广泛的、有组织的运动，旨在引起人们对科学的不信任，其资助者是那些其利益和意识形态受到现代科学发现威胁的人。作为回应，科学家们倾向于强调科学的成功。毕竟，科学家在大多数事情上都是正确的)及最后一段中的Scientists d change their minds in the face f new evidence, but this is a strength f science, nt a weakness.(面对新的证据，科学家的确会改变主意，但这是科学的强项，而不是弱点)可知，文章主要论述了我们为什么要相信科学。由此可知，A. Put Yur Faith in Science(相信科学)适合做本文最佳标题。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
阅读短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Are Yu a Prisner f Perfectin?
D yu struggle fr a gal that is beynd yur reach? ___35___ Are yu setting yurself up fr failure and shame when yu can’t achieve the unachievable? Understanding what drives perfectinism is the first step tward releasing this self-created anchr that keeps us stuck.
Shame and fear are ften the hidden drivers f perfectinism. We believe that if we can fashin a perfectly plished persnality, flash ur intelligence, and perfect ur humur, then n ne can hurt us with criticism and we’ll win respect and apprval.
___36___ Pliticians wh display a desperate need t be right and refuse t acknwledge mistakes r uncertainty are ften driven by a secret shame. They fear that shwing vulnerability(弱点) will expse them t the accusatin that they’re weak. They stick t a desire t be right, perfect, and plished, even when it’s bvius that the emperr has n clthes.
Perfectinism keeps us leaning tward the future. We’re cnstantly evaluating urselves in rder t d better. ___37___ Hwever, if we can’t relax and enjy lighter mments, then we becme prisners f ur perfectinism. We get painfully self-cnscius and take urselves t seriusly. Sadly, we deprive(剥夺) urselves f the simple pleasure f enjying the mment and being urselves.
___38___ We realize that failing at any enterprise desn’t mean that we are a failure. Withut failures, we’ll never learn frm ur mistakes; we’ll never mve frward in ur lives. Thse wh succeed have made cuntless mistakes. The imprtant thing is t learn frm ur errr, frgive urselves and mve n.
Being human, perfectin is impssible. ___39___ Releasing urselves frm the desire t prtect ur image, we’re freed t sail gracefully thrugh ur successes and failures—and enjy ur precius life.
A. D yu hld an idealized visin that is impssible t realize?
B. A cure t perfectinism is t make rm fr ur human shrtcmings.
C. D yu fear that thers will be hrrified by what yu judge abut yurself?
D. The addictin t staying perfect prtects us frm any sign f being imperfect.
E. There’s nthing wrng with wanting t d ur best and self-crrecting alng the way.
F. Peple wh are addicted t perfectin are ften islated, even if they seem utging and ppular.
G. By accepting urselves as we are and ding ur best, we begin t rid the shame that drives perfectinism.
【答案】35. A 36. D 37. E 38. B 39. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。羞耻和恐惧往往是完美主义背后的驱动力。如果我们能塑造一个完美的人格，展示我们的智慧，完善我们的幽默，那么没有人可以用批评来伤害我们，我们会赢得尊重和认可。
【35题详解】
根据上文D yu struggle fr a gal that is beynd yur reach?可知本空为列举完美主义带来的问题是为一个你无法达到的目标而奋斗、有一个无法实现的理想愿景，故选A。
【36题详解】
本句为段首主题句。根据本段最后一句They stick t a desire t be right, perfect, and plished, even when it’s bvius that the emperr has n clthes.可知坚持正确、完美和优雅的愿望，即使很明显皇帝没有穿衣服。可知沉迷于保持完美让我们不能忍受任何不完美的迹象。故选D。
【37题详解】
根据上文We’re cnstantly evaluating urselves in rder t d better. 为了做得更好，我们不断地评估自己。下文评价这样的行为“想要做最好的自己，并在过程中自我纠正，这没有什么错。”故选E。
【38题详解】
根据下文We realize that failing at any enterprise desn’t mean that we are a failure. 我们意识到，在任何企业中失败都不意味着我们就是一个失败者。可知本段强调要学会容忍我们人类的缺点是治愈完美主义的方法，故选B。
【39题详解】
根据下文Releasing urselves frm the desire t prtect ur image, we’re freed t sail gracefully thrugh ur successes and failures—and enjy ur precius life.可知把自己从保护形象的欲望中释放出来，我们就能从容地走过成功和失败——享受我们宝贵的生命。故本空强调要通过接受我们自己，并尽我们最大的努力，开始摆脱驱动完美主义的羞耻。故选G。
第三部分：基础知识检测(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
根据每句话所给的汉语及首字母提示完成句子，每个空仅填写一个词，请用单词或短语的正确形式填空。把单词或短语的完整形式填写在答题纸上。
40. It seemed i________(难以置信的) that she had been there a week already. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】incredible##ncredible
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：令人难以置信的是，她已经在那里呆了一个星期了。根据句子结构，设空处为形容词；根据首字母，“难以置信的”表达为形容词incredible，作表语。故填incredible。
41. I am extremely g______ (感激的) t all the teachers fr their help. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】grateful##rateful
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我非常感谢所有老师的帮助。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词grateful“感激的”构成固定短语be grateful t“对……感激”，满足句意要求。故填grateful。
42. Dn’t talk t her—she’s very easily d______ (精神无法集中的). (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】distracted##istracted
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：别跟她说话，她很容易分心。根据单词首字母以及句意“精神无法集中的”可知，空格处涉及单词“distracted”，意为“精神无法集中的”，形容词词性，作表语。故填distracted。
43. He was s d________ (非常需要的) fr a jb that he wuld have dne anything. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】desperate##esperate
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他太想得到一份工作了，什么事都愿意做。根据汉语提示和首字母提示可知，此处为形容词desperate“非常需要的”作表语，满足句意要求。故填desperate。
44. Such plicies wuld require unprecedented c______ (合作) between natins. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】 cperatin##peratin
【解析】
【详解】【详解】考查名词。句意：这样的政策将需要各国之间前所未有的合作。根据首字母和中文提示可知，以字母 c 开头且表示“合作”含义的表达为 cperatin，不可数名词作宾语。故填 cperatin。
45. We must prmte riginality, inspire creativity and encurage i______ (革新，创新). (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】innvatin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们必须提倡原创，激发创造，鼓励创新。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词innvatin“革新，创新”作宾语，满足句意要求。故填innvatin。
46. The huse has ______ ______ (属于) her family fr three r fur generatins. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. belnged ②. t
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：这所房子已经属于她家三四代了。根据汉语提示可知，句中涉及固定短语“belng t”，意为“属于”，根据句中“fr three r fur generatins”可知，句子为现在完成时，故“belng”应用过去分词“belnged”。故填belnged t。
47. The cuple ______ ______ (抱怨) the high cst f visiting Eurpe, s they decided nt t g there. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. cmplained ②. abut
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、时态。句意：这对夫妇抱怨去欧洲旅游的费用太高，所以他们决定不去那里。表示“抱怨……”用固定短语cmplain abut，由于描述的是过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填：cmplained abut。
48. Scial netwrking ______ (主宰，支配) Mark’s life in many ways. (根据汉语意思填空)
【答案】dminates
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：社交网络在很多方面支配着马克的生活。根据汉语提示“主宰，支配”可知，空格处涉及单词“dminate”，意为“主宰，支配”，动词词性，句子陈述的是客观事实，为一般现在时，主语“Scial netwrking”为三单，故应用“dminates”。故填dminates。
49. ______ ______ ______ (和……对比) extrverts, intrverts value fewer, but deeper experiences. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. In ②. cntrast ③. with##t
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：与外向者相比，内向者更重视较少但更深层次的体验。根据汉语提示“和……对比”，应填入固定短语in cntrast with或in cntrast t，用于比较两个事物的不同之处。故填In cntrast with/t。
第四部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文， 根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The Impact f Scial Media n Adlescents
Using scial media has becme a rutine activity fr mst yung peple. In recent years, the number f yung peple using scial media has increased dramatically, s a large part f their scial and emtinal develpment is ccurring while they are n the Internet.
Scial media allws yung peple t achieve nline many f the tasks that are imprtant t them ffline: staying cnnected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. Sme schls successfully use blgs as teaching tls, which has the benefit f imprving skills in written expressin and creativity. At the same time, scial media helps them get what they want, increase their knwledge and cnfidence in their academic perfrmance.
While scial media prvides many benefits, it can als have a negative impact n yung peple, bth physically and mentally. It is easy t becme addicted, and research shws that students wh spend t much time n scial media can suffer frm pr sleep, eye fatigue, negative bdy image, depressin, anxiety and mre. Research als indicates that there are frequent nline expressins f ffline behaviurs, which have intrduced prblems such as cyberbullying and nline harassment (骚扰).
Using scial media becmes a risk t adlescents mre than they can realise. When peple g n t websites, they leave evidence f their visits. This nging recrd f nline activity is called the “digital ftprint”. One f the biggest threats t yung peple n scial media is t their digital ftprint and future reputatins. Yung peple wh lack an awareness f privacy issues ften pst inapprpriate material withut understanding that “what ges nline stays nline”. As a result, future jbs and cllege acceptance maybe put in danger by inexperienced clicks f the muse.
50. Why is a large part f yung peple’s scial and emtinal develpment ccurring n the Internet?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
51. What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
52. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▶Yung peple’s imprper digital ftprint may have an impact n cyberbullying and nline harassment.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
53. Hw d yu make full use f scial media t better yur life and study? Please give ne r tw examples. (In abut 40 wrds)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】50. Because the number f yung peple using scial media has increased dramatically in recent years.
51. It is mainly abut the benefits f scial media fr yung peple.
52. Yung peple’s imprper digital ftprint may have an impact n cyberbullying and nline harassment. 改为Yung peple’s frequent nline expressins f ffline behaviurs may have an impact n cyberbullying and nline harassment。
53. I make full use f scial media t fllw educatinal accunts, which prvide me with useful learning resurces and tips. Als, I jin nline study grups t discuss academic tpics and share knwledge with thers.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章大意是讨论社交媒体对青少年的影响，包括正面影响如促进社交、学习和创造力，以及负面影响如上瘾、健康问题和网络欺凌等。文章还强调了数字足迹对未来声誉和机会的潜在威胁。
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Using scial media has becme a rutine activity fr mst yung peple. In recent years, the number f yung peple using scial media has increased dramatically, s a large part f their scial and emtinal develpment is ccurring while they are n the Internet.(使用社交媒体已成为大多数年轻人的日常活动。近年来，使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加，因此他们的社交和情感发展的大部分都发生在互联网上)”可知，年轻人的社交和情感发展的大部分都发生在互联网上，是因为近年来，使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加。故填Because the number f yung peple using scial media has increased dramatically in recent years.
【51题详解】
考查主旨大意。根据第二段“Scial media allws yung peple t achieve nline many f the tasks that are imprtant t them ffline: staying cnnected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. Sme schls successfully use blgs as teaching tls, which has the benefit f imprving skills in written expressin and creativity. At the same time, scial media helps them get what they want, increase their knwledge and cnfidence in their academic perfrmance.(社交媒体让年轻人能够在网上完成许多对他们线下来说很重要的任务：与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友，交流想法。一些学校成功地将博客作为教学工具，这有助于提高写作表达能力和创造力的技能。同时，社交媒体帮助他们得到他们想要的东西，增加他们的知识和对学业成绩的信心)”可知，本段提到了社交媒体让年轻人能够在网上完成许多对他们线下来说很重要的任务，同时，社交媒体帮助他们得到他们想要的东西，增加他们的知识和对学业成绩的信心，可推理出第二段主要讲了社交媒体对年轻人的好处。故填It is mainly abut the benefits f scial media fr yung peple.
【52题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Research als indicates that there are frequent nline expressins f ffline behaviurs, which have intrduced prblems such as cyberbullying and nline harassment.(研究还表明，网络上经常出现线下行为的表达，这引发了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题)”可知，网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题是由线下行为的网络表达引发的，而不是由年轻人的不当数字足迹引起的，所以陈述中的“Yung peple’s imprper digital ftprint(年轻人的不当数字足迹)”表达是错误的，应改为Yung peple’s frequent nline expressins f ffline behaviurs may have an impact n cyberbullying and nline harassment，故填Yung peple’s imprper digital ftprint may have an impact n cyberbullying and nline harassment. 改为Yung peple’s frequent nline expressins f ffline behaviurs may have an impact n cyberbullying and nline harassment.
【53题详解】
考查开放答题。根据第二段“Scial media allws yung peple t achieve nline many f the tasks that are imprtant t them ffline: staying cnnected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. Sme schls successfully use blgs as teaching tls, which has the benefit f imprving skills in written expressin and creativity. At the same time, scial media helps them get what they want, increase their knwledge and cnfidence in their academic perfrmance.(社交媒体让年轻人能够在网上完成许多对他们线下来说很重要的任务：与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友，交流想法。一些学校成功地将博客作为教学工具，这有助于提高写作表达能力和创造力的技能。同时，社交媒体帮助他们得到他们想要的东西，增加他们的知识和对学业成绩的信心) ”可知，可以充分利用社交媒体关注教育账号，因为它们为我提供有用的学习资源和技巧。此外，还加入在线学习小组，讨论学术话题，与他人分享知识。故填I make full use f scial media t fllw educatinal accunts, which prvide me with useful learning resurces and tips. Als, I jin nline study grups t discuss academic tpics and share knwledge with thers.
第二节(20分)
54. 假定你是李华，你校将举办留学生中文演讲比赛，主题为“我眼中的中国”。请给你的交换生朋友Jim写封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1. 比赛相关信息
2. 建议演讲内容
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m writing t tell yu that ur schl has scheduled a Chinese speech cntest, whse theme is "China in My Eyes". Aware f yur keen interest in Chinese culture, I’m writing t invite yu t sign up fr it.
The cntest will be held in the schl lecture rm at 9 a. m. n Sunday, when I hpe yu’ll be available. Just as the name suggests, the cntest is meant t prmte ur awareness f the changes that have taken place arund us. Therefre, yur speech shuld fcus n what impresses yu mst abut yur life here in ur city. Besides, when making the speech, please speak ludly and clearly withut referring t yur draft.
Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于学校将为留学生举办主题为“我眼中的中国”中文演讲比赛这一情况，给交换生朋友Jim写封邮件，邀请他参加。
【详解】1.词汇积累
比赛：cntest→ match
提高，促进：prmte → enhance
此外：Besides→ What’s mre
专注于：fcus n→ cncentrate n
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Aware f yur keen interest in Chinese culture, I’m writing t invite yu t sign up fr it.
拓展句：As I knw yu are interested in Chinese culture, I’m writing t invite yu t sign up fr it.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m writing t tell yu that ur schl has scheduled a Chinese speech cntest, whse theme is "China in My Eyes".（运用了that引导的宾语从句和whse引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Besides, when making the speech, please speak ludly and clearly withut referring t yur draft.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句的省略）考
生
须
知
1. 本试卷分为四部分，共有54题，共8页试题，3页答题纸，考试时长100分钟，满分100分。
2. 请将个人信息完整填写在答题纸密封线内，确保信息准确无误。
3. 客观题均须用2B铅笔按规定要求在“机读答题纸”对应区域上作答，选项与题号要对应，填涂要规范，保持答题卡整洁，不要折叠、折皱、破损，不得做任何标记。
4. 主观题各题均须用黑色字迹的签字笔按规定要求在答题纸上作答。