北京理工大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二上学期10月月考英语试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份北京理工大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二上学期10月月考英语试卷（Word版附解析），文件包含北京市海淀区北京理工大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题Word版含解析docx、北京市海淀区北京理工大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题Word版无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共30页， 欢迎下载使用。

第一节 单词填空（共8小题，每小题1分，共8分）
根据括号内汉语提示，用单词正确形式填空。
1. I knw that I wasn’t a ________ student, but I wasn’t slw t learn new things. (自愿的) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】vluntary
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我知道我不是一个自愿的学生，但我学习新事物并不慢。根据汉语提示可知用形容词vluntary，修饰名词student。故填vluntary。
2. The thing abut being a teacher is that yu have ________ t children’s minds when they are pen and eager t learn. (接近) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】access
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：当老师的好处是，当孩子们开放、渴望学习的时候，你可以接触到他们的思想。根据汉语提示可知应用名词access，构成have access t表示“接触”。故填access。
3. She is very strict and ________ because she wants us t be better learners. I really wish she culd be less direct and mre encuraging. (要求高的) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】demanding
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她非常严格，要求很高，因为她想让我们成为更好的学习者。我真希望她能少一点直接，多一点鼓励。根据汉语提示可知应用形容词demanding，作表语。故填demanding。
4. During the face-t-face cmmunicatin, my teacher tells us exactly where ur prblems are and hw we can ________. (提高) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】imprve
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：在面对面的交流中，我的老师准确地告诉我们我们的问题在哪里以及我们如何提高。根据汉语提示可知应用动词imprve，且can后跟动词原形。故填imprve。
5. On the surface, I have an active scial life. I attend parties and play sprts but I’m always ________. (分心的) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】distracted
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：表面上看，我的社交生活很活跃。我参加聚会和运动，但我总是分心。根据汉语提示可知应用形容词distracted，作表语。故填distracted。
6. My friends try t drag me away my phne, but as sn as I’m alne again, I’m ________ t get back t the nline wrld and the intense activity that it prvides. (不顾一切的) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】desperate
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的朋友们试图把我的手机拖走，但一旦我再次独自一人，我就会不顾一切地回到网络世界和它提供的激烈活动中。根据汉语提示可知应用形容词desperate，作表语，故填desperate。
7. During the final rund, as a judge, yu wuld be ________ fr listening t all the speeches, nting dwn any psitive r negative aspects fr each ne. (负责的) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】respnsible
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在最后一轮比赛中，作为裁判，你将负责听所有的演讲，并记下每一场演讲的积极或消极方面。设空处使用形容词，作表语，表示“负责的”用respnsible。故填respnsible。
8. Cmpetitrs shuld be judged n their prnunciatin, clarity and fluency, and als prgressin f ideas and audience ________. (参与度) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】engagement
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：评判选手标准包括他们的发音、清晰度和流畅性，以及思想的进展和观众的参与度。根据汉语提示可知应用名词engagement，作宾语，不可数。故填engagement。
第二节 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1. 5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
Thursday wuld be huge. But when cach annunced the champinship game wuld be a night game n Thursday, Devin's heart ___9___. The cncert was at the same time as the game. And Ms. Pltis had ___10___ Devin t sing a brief sl (独唱). Thinking the sccer team was n the edge f a title and he was a big reasn — he ___11___ the league in scring, Devin frwned (皱眉). He culdn't disappint his team by ___12___ the game.
That night, Devin lay in bed, staring at the trphies (奖杯) frm races, baseball leagues and free-thrw cntests which ___13___ his shelves. The sl was nly fur lines in the middle f a sng, but the thught f singing ___14___ made him shiver (颤抖). He'd never sung a sl befre. Nw it was a relief t knw he didn't have t. The sccer game was a perfect ___15___. While at the mment Ms. Pltis' wrds came t his mind "I chse yu nt because yu're the best singer but because yu wrk hard, like the persn in the sng. And yu have a very nice vice. S dn't be nervus. Be prud." It was n secret that several ther chir members had ___16___ singing vices than he did. But he liked the sng, and he ___17___ hw kind and inspiring Ms. Pltis always was. Finally Devin made a chice and whispered the sl with ____18____, "n matter hw hard the struggle. I will never let yu dwn…"
9. A. bledB. sankC. hurtD. beat
10. A. taughtB. allwedC. chsenD. rdered
11. A. ledB. wnC. jinedD. frmed
12. A. watchingB. playingC. enteringD. skipping
13. A. linedB. piledC. cveredD. decrated
14. A. ludlyB. utsideC. alneD. prudly
15. A. platfrmB. requestC. cnditinD. excuse
16. A. luderB. strngerC. sfterD. deeper
17. A. appreciatedB. acceptedC. cnfirmedD. praised
18. A. tensinB. patienceC. srrwD. cnfidence
【答案】9. B 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。Devin被Ms. Pltis选中参加独唱，因为怕唱不好而紧张，Devin想要拒绝；最后在Ms. Pltis的鼓励下，Ms. Pltis自信地参加了独唱。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当教练宣布冠军赛将是周四晚上的比赛时，Devin的心情变得沉重。A. bled流血； B. sank(心情)变得沉重；C. hurt受伤；D. beat跳动。根据后文“Devin frwned(皱眉)”可知，当教练宣布比赛时，Devin的心情变得沉重。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ms. Pltis 选择Devin来唱一段简短的独唱。A. taught教；B. allwed允许；C. chsen选择；D. rdered命令。根据第二段“I chse yu nt because yu're the best singer but because yu wrk hard”可知，Ms. Pltis 选择Devin来唱一段简短的独唱。故选C。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Devin认为足球队即将夺冠，他是他在得分方面领先联盟的一个重要原因，他皱起了眉头。A. led率领，处于领先地位；B. wn赢得；C. jined加入；D. frmed形成。根据空前“Thinking the sccer team was n the edge f a title ”可知，因为将要夺冠，由此可知，在得分上是领先的。故选A。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不能不参加比赛而使他的球队失望。A. watching看；B. playing玩耍；C. entering进入；D. skipping跳过。根据前文“He culdn't disappint his team”可知，Devin不想不参加比赛，这样会让球队失望。故选D。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，Devin躺在床上，盯着货架上摆满的比赛、棒球联赛和罚球比赛的奖杯。A. lined沿……排成行；B. piled堆放；C. cvered覆盖；D. decrated装饰。由空前“trphies (奖杯)frm races , baseball leagues and free-thrw cntests”可知，比赛中的获得的奖杯在架子上排成行。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这首独唱只有歌曲中间的四行，但一想到要独自唱，他就不寒而栗。A. ludly大声地；B. utside在外面；C. alne单独；D. prudly骄傲地。根据前文the sl可知，因为是独唱，所以此处指一个人唱歌。故选C。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：足球比赛是个完美的借口。A. platfrm站台，讲台；B. request要求；C. cnditin条件；D. excuse借口。根据前文“He'd never sung a sl befre.”可知，因为Devin不想唱歌，所以足球比赛是个完美的借口。故选D。
【16题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：唱诗班的其他几个成员的嗓音比他响亮，这已经不是什么秘密了。A. luder更大声的；B. strnger更响亮的；C. sfter更柔软的；D. deeper更深的。根据前文“I chse yu nt because yu're the best singer but because yu wrk hard”可知，唱诗班的其他几个成员比他唱得好，由此可知，他们的嗓音也比Devin响亮。故选B。
17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他喜欢这首歌，他也感激Ms. Pltis一直以来的善良和鼓舞人心。A. appreciated感激；B. accepted接受；C. cnfirmed确认；D. praised赞扬。根据后文“hw kind and inspiring Ms. Pltis always was.”可知，Devin感激Ms. Pltis一直以来的善良和鼓舞人心。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，Devin做出了选择，自信地低声唱着独唱。A. tensin紧张；B. patience耐心；C. srrw悲伤；D. cnfidence自信。根据后文“n matter hw hard the struggle. I will never let yu dwn…”可知，Devin自信地歌唱。故选D。
第三节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1. 5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Peple frm suthern China nrmally buy ____19____ they need fr just ne r tw meals at a time. It’s nrmal fr them t buy just half a Chinese cabbage, tw ____20____ (ptat) and 25 grams f beef at a time. ____21____, a persn may be laughed at if they d this in the nrth. The difference culd be because f the different climates. Fd can ____22____ (keep) fr a lng time in the nrth, as it’s usually cld and dry there. But suthern Chinese peple prefer t buy just enugh fd fr ne meal r ne day due t the ht and wet weather in the suth.
【答案】19. what
20. ptates
21. Hwever
22. be kept
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍由于南方和北方气候不同，人们购买食品的数量也不同。
【19题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：来自中国南方的人们通常一次只买一到两顿饭所需的东西。本句为宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。
【20题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：他们通常一次只买半个白菜、两个土豆和25克牛肉。名词ptat为可数名词，根据前数词tw可知，用名词的复数形式。故填ptates。
【21题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，如果一个人这样做在北方可能会被嘲笑。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用副词hwever。故填Hwever。
【22题详解】
考查语态。句意：食物在北方可以保存很长时间，因为那里通常又冷又干。主语Fd与keep之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be kept。
B
阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空.
Mrs. Bailey was imprtant in the educatinal jurney ___23___ carried me thrugh schl and int my prfessin. Until I jined her class, I hadn’t believed in my ability as a writer. She persuaded me ___24___ (jin) the petry sciety and ___25___ (light) in me a fire fr literature. She recgnized my ptential and shwed me that I culd write with creativity and enthusiasm. Because f the cnfidence she inspired ___26___ me, I’ve carved ut a successful prfessin as a jurnalist.
【答案】23. that##which
24. t jin
25. lit 26. in
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。因为老师贝利夫人的鼓励和激励，“我”产生了对文学的热情，并成为了一名成功的记者。
【23题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在我从学校到工作的求学之旅中，贝利夫人发挥了重要作用。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为jurney，所以应用关系代词which或that。故填that/which。
【24题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：她劝我加入诗社，在我心中燃起了文学的火焰。persuade sb t d意为“劝说某人做某事”，为固定搭配，所以应用t d不定式作宾语补足语。故填t jin。
【25题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：她劝我加入诗社，在我心中燃起了文学的火焰。根据“She persuaded me”可知，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填lit。
【26题详解】
考查介词。句意：因为她激发了我的信心，我成为了一个成功的记者。inspire sth in sb意为“唤醒某人的……”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词in。故填in。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。
The stability f the develping livestreaming sectr has made it an ideal surce f jbs fr thse ___27___ (bear) after 1995 wh have a passin fr nvel and newly emerging industries, experts said. A recent reprt by Zhapin, an nline recruitment platfrm, and e-cmmerce giant Alibaba revealed steady grwth in the livestreaming sectr in the third quarter f the year, with jb pstings ___28___ (rise) up nearly 12 percent year-n-year. The increase was arund 5 percentage pints ___29___ (high) n average than fr ther industries.
【答案】27. brn
28. rising 29. higher
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。近年来新兴直播行业发展迅速，成为95后就业的理想来源。
【27题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：专家表示，发展中直播行业的稳定性使其成为95后就业的理想来源，这些人对新奇和新兴行业充满热情。动词bear意为“生育”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语thse构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填brn。
【28题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：在线招聘平台智联招聘和电商巨头阿里巴巴最近发布的一份报告显示，今年第三季度直播行业增长稳定，招聘岗位同比增长近12%。在with独立主格结构中，动词rise意为“上升”，和逻辑主语jb pstings构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式。故填rising。
【29题详解】
考查比较级。句意：这一增幅比其他行业平均高出约5个百分点。根据“than fr ther industries”可知，此处应用比较级。故填higher。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题：每小题2分，共20分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
2018 Wildlife Phtgrapher f the Year was Suth African Skye Meaker, winner f a 45,000 entry cmpetitin, just 16 years f age. Skye has been published ver the years in print media nt just fr his phtgraphy but als vicing his pinin n cnservatin in Suth Africa and the need fr mre yung phtgraphers ut there. Fr Skye, phtgraphy is nt just abut the cmpetitins entered and wn but als the platfrm it affrds him t create awareness abut ur natural wrld and cnserving it in the lng term.
Here is part f an interview t Skye frm the Ratinal Perspective.
Hst: Hw d yu get t have the ability t see these animals in the wild?
Skye: Well, I've been frtunate enugh that my parents are s passinate abut the bush that it's just a by-prduct f me ging n adventures with them that I've been able t pursue my phtgraphy because it's nt smething that every kid will like. I want wildlife phtgraphy. S it's quite a unique situatin fr me. It's smething that I have been brught up and smething I've been frtunate t experience.
Hst: Hw d yu take a gd picture f a lepard?
Skye: I had been fllwing Limpy (the Lepard) fr many years and she hlds a special place in my heart. I had grwn alngside her. Fr me, the perfect sht is ne where I feel as if I'm nt really there. It's ne where the animal is cmfrtable enugh t behave as if I'm nt there. I like t feel immersed in the mment and capture nature at its mst natural. I like t fcus n what I wuld like t see in the mment and what I feel. S in my winning picture I saw the peace and tranquillity f the mment, and that's what I tried t capture.
30. What des Skye think f phtgraphy?
A. A platfrm t shw needs.B. A way t gain gd reputatin.
C. A chance t get clse t natural wrld.D. A place t raise awareness f cnservatin.
31. Which f the fllwing enables Skye t bserve wild animals?
A. His learning experience.B. Winning the cmpetitin.
C. Adventuring with his parents.D. His phtgraphy knwledge.
32. What is the real reasn fr Skype's success?
A. He stayed in the wild peacefully.B. He captured the animal t take pictures.
C. He fund a special place fr the animal.D. He tk the pht f the animal in its natural state.
【答案】30. D 31. C 32. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要是对2018年年度野生动物摄影师斯凯·米克尔的采访。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Fr Skye, phtgraphy is nt just abut the cmpetitins entered and wn but als the platfrm it affrds him t create awareness abut ur natural wrld and cnserving it in the lng term.(对斯凯来说，摄影不仅仅是参加和赢得比赛，而且是一个平台，它提供给他创造对自然世界的认识，并长期保护它)”可知，斯凯认为摄影一个提高保护意识的地方。故选D。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章斯凯对主持人的第一个问题的回答“Well, I've been frtunate enugh that my parents are s passinate abut the bush that it's just a by-prduct f me ging n adventures with them that I've been able t pursue my phtgraphy because it's nt smething that every kid will like. I want wildlife phtgraphy. S it's quite a unique situatin fr me. It's smething that I have been brught up and smething I've been frtunate t experience. (我很幸运，我的父母对丛林充满热情，这只是我和他们一起探险的一个副产品，我能够继续我的摄影事业，因为这并不是每个孩子都会喜欢的事情。我想要野生动物摄影。所以这对我来说是一个非常独特的情况。这是我成长过程中很幸运的经历)”可知，和父母一起冒险使斯凯能够观察野生动物。故选C。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章斯凯对主持人的第二个问题的回答“Fr me, the perfect sht is ne where I feel as if I'm nt really there. It's ne where the animal is cmfrtable enugh t behave as if I'm nt there. I like t feel immersed in the mment and capture nature at its mst natural. I like t fcus n what I wuld like t see in the mment and what I feel. S in my winning picture I saw the peace and tranquillity f the mment, and that's what I tried t capture. (对我来说，最完美的镜头就是我感觉自己好像不在那里。这是一种动物很舒服，表现得好像我不存在一样。我喜欢沉浸在当下，捕捉大自然最自然的一面。我喜欢专注于当下我想看到的和我的感觉。所以，在我的获奖作品中，我看到了那一刻的平静与安宁，而这正是我想要捕捉的)”可知，斯凯成功的真正原因是他给动物拍了一张自然状态的照片。故选D。
B
If there is ne thing we can cnclusively say abut Isaac Asimv, it’s that he culd write. His bdy f wrk extends t ver 500 bks. T add t that, he was never bund t a specific field. Althugh mst famus as a science fictin writer, he als published n many mre tpics.
Part f this related t his gifted mind, but a bigger part was that he was well-educated. Many tend t think f being educated as the degrees we earn. Asimv did have a gd degree, but his real educatin was brader than that. It was deeper than what he learned frm instructin. It was his curisity and his drive t push himself that tk him frm a yung immigrant t maybe ne f the mst belved US authrs. As a yung kid, he spent his days lst in his mind asking questins and creating imaginary wrlds. He read bks, and he lved knwledge.
In his autbigraphy (自传) It’s Been a Gd Life, Asimv tells a stry abut an encunter he had as a child when his father asked him a questin: “Hw did yu learn all this, Isaac?” “Frm yu, Pappa,” Asimv said. “Frm me? I dn’t knw any f this.” “Yu didn’t have t, Pappa,” He said. “Yu valued learning and yu taught me t value it. Once I learned t value it, the rest came withut truble.” The mark f educated minds has nthing t d with hw much they knw. It has everything t d with the way they knw and the way they g abut knwing.
Als, ne thing that many peple dn’t knw abut Isaac Asimv is that he actually wasn’t a full-time writer fr mst f his life. By persnal chice, his day-jb was as a chemist. One f the things that many plymaths (博学者) naturally d is explre a brad range f nn-fictin tpics. But smething they tend t verlk is the knwledge they can btain frm fictin. Befre Asimv fell in lve with science, he was already attracted by fictin. It was his lve f Greek myth and his reading f 18th and 19th-century classics that led him t becme a great writer.
33. Accrding t the passage, Isaac Asimv is a ________.
A. belved US chemistB. full-time fictin authr
C. prductive sci-fi writerD. knwledgeable educatr
34. Which f the fllwing might the authr agree with?
A. A gd degree reflects ne’s real educatin level.
B. Plymaths tend t lk dwn upn Greek myth.
C. The way t learn is mre imprtant than knwledge itself.
D. Nn-fictin is nt wrth reading if ne is t becme a writer.
35. What is the purpse f this passage?
A. T analyze the reasns behind Asimv’s success as a writer.
B. T intrduce Asimv’s childhd and his achievements.
C. T emphasize the cntributins Asimv has made.
D. T call n the readers t buy Asimv’s bks.
【答案】33. C 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。介绍了艾萨克·阿西莫夫成为一名著名的科幻作家成功的原因。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“If there is ne thing we can cnclusively say abut Isaac Asimv, it’s that he culd write. His bdy f wrk extends t ver 500 bks. T add t that, he was never bund t a specific field. Althugh mst famus as a science fictin writer, he als published n many mre tpics.(关于艾萨克·阿西莫夫，如果有一件事我们可以肯定地说，那就是他会写作。他的著作超过500本。更重要的是，他从来没有被限制在一个特定的领域。虽然他最著名的是科幻作家，但他也发表了许多其他主题的作品)”可知，艾萨克·阿西莫夫是一位多产的科幻作家。故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The mark f educated minds has nthing t d with hw much they knw. It has everything t d with the way they knw and the way they g abut knwing.(受过教育的人的标志与他们知道多少无关。这与他们知道的方式和他们了解的方式有关)”可知，作者认为学习方法比知识本身更重要。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Part f this related t his gifted mind, but a bigger part was that he was well-educated.(这部分与他的天赋有关，但更重要的是他受过良好的教育)”讲述的是艾萨克·阿西莫夫成功的原因之一；根据第三段 “Yu valued learning and yu taught me t value it. Once I learned t value it, the rest came withut truble.(你重视学习，你也教会了我重视学习。一旦我学会珍惜它，剩下的一切就迎刃而解了)”是他成功的第二个原因。结合最后一段“It was his lve f Greek myth and his reading f 18th and 19th-century classics that led him t becme a great writer.(正是他对希腊神话的热爱，以及他对18、19世纪经典著作的阅读，使他成为了一位伟大的作家)”是艾萨克·阿西莫夫成功的另外一个原因。故可推知本文的目的是分析艾萨克·阿西莫夫成为一名科幻作家成功的原因。故选A。
C
Hw and why, rughly 2 millin years ag, early human ancestrs evlved large brains and began fashining relatively advanced stne tls, is ne f the great mysteries f evlutin. Sme researchers argue these changes were brught abut by the inventin f cking. They pint ut that ur bite weakened arund the same time as ur larger brains evlved, and that it takes less energy t absrb nutrients frm cked fd. As a result, nce they had mastered the art, early chefs culd invest less in their digestive systems and thus invest the resulting energy savings in building larger brains capable f cmplex thught. There is, hwever, a prblem with the cking thery. Mst archaelgists (考古学家）believe the evidence f cntrlled fire stretches back n mre than 790,000 years.
Rger Summns f the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy has a slutin. Tgether with his team, he analyzed 1.7 millin-year-ld sand-stnes that frmed in an ancient river at Olduvai Grge in Tanzania. The regin is famus fr the large number f human fssils (化石) that have been discvered there, alngside an impressive assembly f stne tls. The sand-stnes themselves have previusly yielded sme f the wrld’s earliest cmplex hand axes — large tear-drp-shaped stne tls that are assciated with Hm erectus (直立人) . Creating an axe by repeatedly kncking thin pieces ff a raw stne in rder t create tw sharp cutting edges requires a significant amunt f planning. Their appearance is therefre thught t mark an imprtant mment in intellectual evlutin. Trapped inside the Olduvai sand-stnes, the researchers fund distinctive but unusual bilgical mlecules（分子）that are ften interpreted as bimarkers fr heat-tlerant bacteria. Sme f these live in water between 85°C and 95°C. The mlecules’ presence suggests that an ancient river within the Grge was nce fed by ne r mre ht springs.
Dr. Summns and his clleagues say the ht springs wuld have prvided a cnvenient “pre-fire” means f cking fd. In New Zealand，the Mari have traditinally cked fd in ht springs, either by lwering it int the biling water r by digging a hle in the ht earth. Similar methds exist in Japan and Iceland, s it is plausible, if difficult t prve, that early humans might have used ht springs t ck meat and rts. Richard Wrangham, wh devised the cking thery, is fascinated by the idea. Nnetheless, fire wuld have ffered a distinct advantage t humans, nce they had mastered the art f cntrlling it since, unlike a ht spring, it is a transprtable resurce.
36. All f the fllwing statements can supprt the cking thery EXCEPT__________.
A. cking enabled early humans t invest less in digestive system
B. cking enabled early humans t devte mre energy t building big brains
C. ur brain became larger arund the same time ur digestive system weakened
D. the cntrlled fire wasn’t mastered until abut 790,000 years ag
37. The presence f bilgical mlecules was imprtant because_________.
A. they suggested a pssible means f cking withut fire
B. they cast light n hw early Hm erectus lived
C. they prvided a cnvenient way f studying stne tls
D. they made studies f pre-histric cultures pssible
38. The underlined wrd “plausible” prbably means _________.
A. nticeableB. applicable
C. reasnableD. affrdable
39. What may be the cnclusin f the study by Dr. Summns and his clleague?
A. Early humans were capable f making cmplex stne tls.
B. Ht springs help explain hw human brains gt s big.
C. Hm erectus were adaptable t tugh and cmplex territries.
D. Human brains are highly advanced as shwn by their size.
【答案】36. D 37. A 38. C 39. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了烹饪有助于早期类祖先进化出了巨大的大脑。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They pint ut that ur bite weakened arund the same time as ur larger brains evlved, and that it takes less energy t absrb nutrients frm cked fd. As a result, nce they had mastered the art, early chefs culd invest less in their digestive systems and thus invest the resulting energy savings in building larger brains capable f cmplex thught. There is, hwever, a prblem with the cking thery. Mst archaelgists (考古学家）believe the evidence f cntrlled fire stretches back n mre than 790,000 years”可知，他们（研究人员）指出，我们的咬合能力在大脑进化的同时减弱，从熟食中吸收营养所需的能量更少。因此，一旦掌握了这门艺术，早期的厨师就可以减少对消化系统的投资，从而将由此节省的能源投资于培养能够进行复杂思考的更大大脑，然而，烹饪理论有一个问题，大多数考古学家认为，控制火的证据可以追溯到不超过79万年前，由此可知，A、B、C三项可以支持烹饪理论，而D则不能，故D项正确。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the researchers fund distinctive but unusual bilgical mlecules（分子）that are ften interpreted as bimarkers fr heat-tlerant bacteria. Sme f these live in water between 85°C and 95°C. The mlecules’ presence suggests that an ancient river within the Grge was nce fed by ne r mre ht springs.”可知，研究人员发现了独特的生物分子，通常被解释为耐热细菌的生物标志物，其中一些生活在85°C到95°C之间的水中，这些分子的存在表明，峡谷内的一条古老河流曾经由一个或多个温泉提供水源，再结合第三段中的“Dr. Summns and his clleagues say the ht springs wuld have prvided a cnvenient “pre-fire” means f cking fd.”可知，萨曼斯博士和他的同事们说，温泉可以提供一种方便的在使用火前烹饪食物的方法，由此可知，生物分子的存在很重要是因为它们显示了不用火做饭的可能方法，故A项正确。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“In New Zealand，the Mari have traditinally cked fd in ht springs, either by lwering it int the biling water r by digging a hle in the ht earth. Similar methds exist in Japan and Iceland”可知，在新西兰，毛利人有在温泉里煮食物的传统，他们要么把食物放入滚烫的水中，要么在滚烫的泥土上挖一个洞，类似的方法在日本和冰岛也存在，所以早期人类可能用温泉煮肉和树根是合理的，由此可知画线词词义为“合理的”，故C项正确。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Hw and why, rughly 2 millin years ag, early human ancestrs evlved large brains and began fashining relatively advanced stne tls, is ne f the great mysteries f evlutin. Sme researchers argue these changes were brught abut by the inventin f cking.”可知，大约200万年前，人早期类祖先是如何和为何进化出了巨大的大脑，并开始形成相对先进的石器，这是进化的一大谜团，一些研究人员认为，这些变化是烹饪的发明带来的，再根据第三段中的“Dr. Summns and his clleagues say the ht springs wuld have prvided a cnvenient “pre-fire” means f cking fd.”可知，萨曼斯博士和他的同事们说，温泉可以提供一种方便的在使用火之前烹饪食物的方法，也就是说温泉是早期人类烹饪方法之一，由此可知，萨曼斯博士和他的同事们会得出这样的结论，即：温泉有助于解释人类的大脑是如何变得如此之大的，故B项正确。
【点睛】本篇第3题词义猜测题的难度较大，抓住画线词前所举的事例是关键，根据画线词前的“In New Zealand，the Mari have traditinally cked fd in ht springs, either by lwering it int the biling water r by digging a hle in the ht earth. Similar methds exist in Japan and Iceland”可知，在新西兰，毛利人有在温泉里煮食物的传统，他们要么把食物放入滚烫的水中，要么在滚烫的泥土上挖一个洞，类似的方法在日本和冰岛也存在，此处得出结论——所以早期人类可能用温泉煮肉和树根是合理的，由此可知画线词词义为“合理的”。
第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Benefits f Sprts
Ding sprts is a physical, mental and scial adventure. It’s a great way fr children t take a break frm academics and release extra energy. It als helps them lead fuller and happier lives as regular sprts have prven t imprve verall well-being.
The physical benefits f ding sprts are prbably the mst bvius. Regardless f yur fitness level when yu start playing sprts, yu’ll ntice an increase in yur verall fitness nce yu’re invlved. ___40___ Basketball players fcus n strength training; ftball players wrk n speed while track athletes train thrugh lnger runs. The training prcess helps prmte physical fitness and perfrmances in cmpetitins.
___41___ Playing sprts cntributes t mental health, helping t increase cnfidence and self-wrth. A pat n the back, high-five frm a teammate, r handshake after a match really bsts a child’s cnfidence. Wrds f praise and encuragement frm the cach, parents and ther players raise the self-wrth. ___42___ S after a game, it’s a better idea t ask “Did yu enjy the game?” rather than “Did yu win?”
Children wh participate in sprts might als benefit frm the scial aspect, feeling part f a grup, building up accuntability and leadership. ___43___ Teamwrk invlves bth being dependable as a teammate and learning t rely n yur teammates t achieve a psitive utcme. Teamwrk breeds accuntability and challenges yu t be respnsible fr yur actins. Being part f a team gives yu an pprtunity t be a leader.
Discipline is anther scial advantage. Mst rganized sprts require a strict training and practice schedule. As a student-athlete, yu need t balance academics and athletics. ___44___ There is n shrtage f reasns t find a sprt t get invlved in. Are yu ready t g? Pick ne and get mving!
A. It’s nt just yur bdy that benefits frm sprts.
B. Therefre, playing sprts is ging t make yu mre fit.
C. If yu play grup sprts, yu’ll be part f a team that takes directin frm a cach.
D. But remember, a child’s self-wrth shuld nt be distinguished by victry r lss.
E. Nearly every sprt requires physical activity and the skills needed t be cmpetitive.
F. Amng these, learning hw t functin as part f a team is the mst imprtant advantage.
G. Only with strict discipline can yu be successful bth in the classrm and in the sprts field.
【答案】40. E 41. A 42. D 43. F 44. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了体育运动的益处。
【40题详解】
根据后文“Basketball players fcus n strength training; ftball players wrk n speed while track athletes train thrugh lnger runs. The training prcess helps prmte physical fitness and perfrmances in cmpetitins.(篮球运动员注重力量训练;足球运动员训练速度，而田径运动员训练长距离跑。训练过程有助于提高身体素质和在比赛中的表现)”可知，篮球运动员注重力量训练；足球运动员提高速度，而田径运动员则通过长跑训练，几乎每一项运动都需要体力活动和具有竞争力的技能。故E选项“几乎每项运动都需要体力活动和竞争所需的技能”符合语境，故选E。
【41题详解】
根据后文“Playing sprts cntributes t mental health, helping t increase cnfidence and self-wrth.(运动有助于心理健康，有助于增强自信和自我价值)”可知，后文说明了运动对心理的好处，本句是在说明运动受益的不仅仅是你的身体。故A选项“从运动中受益的不仅仅是你的身体”符合语境，故选A。
【42题详解】
根据上文“Wrds f praise and encuragement frm the cach, parents and ther players raise the self-wrth.(来自教练、父母和其他球员的表扬和鼓励提高了自我价值)”以及后文“S after a game, it’s a better idea t ask “Did yu enjy the game?” rather than “Did yu win?”(所以在比赛结束后，最好问“你喜欢比赛吗？”而不是“你赢了吗？”)”可知，后文询问的是喜欢比赛，而不是获胜情况，推测让孩子不要太重视胜利或失败。故D选项“但是请记住，孩子的自我价值不应该以胜利或失败来区分”符合语境，故选D。
【43题详解】
根据上文“Children wh participate in sprts might als benefit frm the scial aspect, feeling part f a grup, building up accuntability and leadership.(参加体育运动的孩子也可能从社会方面受益，感觉是团体的一部分，建立责任和领导能力)”以及后文“Teamwrk invlves bth being dependable as a teammate and learning t rely n yur teammates t achieve a psitive utcme. Teamwrk breeds accuntability and challenges yu t be respnsible fr yur actins. Being part f a team gives yu an pprtunity t be a leader.(团队合作既包括作为一个可靠的队友，也包括学会依靠你的队友来实现一个积极的结果。团队合作培养责任感，挑战你对自己的行为负责。成为团队的一员给了你成为领导者的机会)”可知，这里为承上启下句，其中，学习如何成为团队的一员是最重要的优势。故F选项“其中，学习如何作为团队的一员是最重要的优势”符合语境，故选F。
【44题详解】
根据上文“Discipline is anther scial advantage. Mst rganized sprts require a strict training and practice schedule. As a student-athlete, yu need t balance academics and athletics.(自律是另一个社会优势。大多数有组织的运动都需要严格的训练和练习计划。作为一名学生运动员，你需要平衡学业和运动)”可知，这里对本段进行总结，只有严格的纪律，你才能在课堂上和运动场上都取得成功。故G选项“只有严格的纪律，你才能在课堂上和运动场上都取得成功”符合语境，故选G。
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第44、45题各2分，第46题3分，第47题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Grwing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my wn effrts t be enugh. When I decided t pursue a pstgraduate degree, I wanted t develp a nvel research prgramme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically ptimistic abut what I culd achieve.
As I began designing experiments, my cmmittee members warned me abut the challenges I wuld face. But my need fr independence drve me t push frward with my research plan. As a result, the first fur years f my pstgraduate career were defined by a series f failures.
During my secnd year, I failed my cmprehensive exam because my prpsal was unclear. During my third year, I discvered that after treating thusands f seeds, I btained just ne plant I culd use fr experiments. By my furth year, my desperatin t succeed vershadwed my desire fr independence.
My adviser and I devised (想出) a smewhat unusual slutin: I wuld spend three mnths in a cllabrating (合作的) lab t btain specialised training. I wrked extensively with ther students, cnstantly asked questins, and helped with nging prjects t learn everything I culd. Finally, I cnducted an elegant experiment that wuld nt have been pssible withut the help f the members in the lab.
My adviser saw this experience as a grundbreaking success, emphasising the cllabrating skills I acquired. A few mnths later, when I repeated the experiment in my hme lab, I prduced mre publishable data. By learning when t ask fr help, I eventually fund myself n the way t becming an independent scientist.
45. In the beginning, what drve the authr t push frward with the research plan?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
46. What was the slutin by the adviser and the authr after thse repeated failures?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
47. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
> The adviser cnsidered the authr’s experience in the lab a grundbreaking success because publishable data had been prduced.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
48. Frm this stry, what can yu learn abut “independence”? (In abut 40 wrds)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】45. The need t be recgnized as an independent scientist.
46. The authr wuld spend three mnths in a cllabrating lab t btain specialised training.
47. The adviser cnsidered the authr’s experience in the lab a grundbreaking success because publishable data had been prduced. It is because the authr had acquired the cllabrating skills by wrking with thers there s that the adviser cnsidered the authr’s experience in the lab a grundbreaking success.
48. In the stry, success in becming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved thrugh cllabratin, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face f setbacks. Frm the stry, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passinately, true independence ften invlves recgnizing the value f cllabratin and learning than t seek help. (答案言之有理即可)
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在追求科学研究的独立过程中遇到的挑战、失败、学习和成长的故事。
【45题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“As I began designing experiments, my cmmittee members warned me abut the challenges I wuld face. But my need fr independence drve me t push frward with my research plan. (当我开始设计实验时，我的委员会成员警告我，我将面临的挑战。但是我对独立的需求驱使我推进我的研究计划)”可知，一开始，是作者对独立的需求驱使作者推进这个研究计划。故答案为：The need t be recgnized as an independent scientist.
【46题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“My adviser and I devised (想出) a smewhat unusual slutin: I wuld spend three mnths in a cllabrating (合作的) lab t btain specialised training. (我的导师和我想出了一个有点不同寻常的解决方案：我将在一个合作实验室里待上三个月，接受专门培训)”可知，在反复的失败之后，导师和作者的解决方案是，作者将花三个月的时间在合作实验室接受专门培训。故答案为：The authr wuld spend three mnths in a cllabrating lab t btain specialised training.
【47题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段“My adviser saw this experience as a grundbreaking success, emphasising the cllabrating skills I acquired. A few mnths later, when I repeated the experiment in my hme lab, I prduced mre publishable data.(我的导师认为这段经历是一次开创性的成功，强调了我获得的合作技能。几个月后，当我在家里的实验室里重复这个实验时，我得到了更多可发表的数据)”可知，导师认为作者在实验室的经历是一次开创性的成功，这是因为作者通过与他人合作获得了合作技能，而不是因为产生了可发表的数据。故答案：The adviser cnsidered the authr’s experience in the lab a grundbreaking success because publishable data had been prduced.
It is because the authr had acquired the cllabrating skills by wrking with thers there s that the adviser cnsidered the authr’s experience in the lab a grundbreaking success.
【48题详解】
开放性问题。答案言之有理即可。通读全文可知，作者成为一名独立科学家的成功最终是通过合作、适应性学习和面对挫折的韧性来实现的。从这个故事中，我们了解到，虽然独立最初是理想化的，并被热情地追求，但真正的独立往往包括认识到合作的价值，并学会何时寻求帮助。故答案为：In the stry, success in becming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved thrugh cllabratin, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face f setbacks. Frm the stry, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passinately, true independence ften invlves recgnizing the value f cllabratin and learning when t seek help.
【点睛】
第二节（共1题，20分）
49. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你校即将举办一场以 “人工智能” 为主题的专家讲座。请你写一封邮件，邀请你的交换生朋友Jim一起参加。
内容包括：
1. 邀请原因;
2. 讲座内容与安排。
注意：1. 词数100左右：
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I hpe this email finds yu well. I’m writing t invite yu t an exciting event happening sn at ur schl — an expert lecture n “Artificial Intelligence.”
The reasn fr inviting yu is that I believe this tpic will be f great interest t yu, given yur keen interest in technlgy and innvatin. The lecture will cver the latest develpment in AI, its applicatins in varius fields, and the future prspects f this technlgy. It’s scheduled fr next Friday afternn in ur schl auditrium, starting at 2 PM and lasting abut an hur.
I really hpe yu can jin me fr this enriching experience Let me knw if yu can make it!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生邀请交换生朋友Jim一起参加以 “人工智能” 为主题的专家讲座。
【详解】1.词汇积累
演讲：lecture→speech
主题：tpic→theme
各种各样：varius→a variety f
有趣：be f great interest→interesting
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It’s scheduled fr next Friday afternn in ur schl auditrium, starting at 2 PM and lasting abut an hur.
拓展句：It’s scheduled fr next Friday afternn in ur schl auditrium, which starts at 2 PM and lasts abut an hur.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It’s scheduled fr next Friday afternn in ur schl auditrium, starting at 2 PM and lasting abut an hur. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] I really hpe yu can jin me fr this enriching experience. (运用了省略that的宾语从句)