北师大版高中英语必修第一册UNIT3 Section Ⅰ Period4课件

这是一份北师大版高中英语必修第一册UNIT3 Section Ⅰ Period4课件，共15页。

Period 4　UNIT 3　CELEBRATIONS主题语境人与社会——传统节日Section Ⅰ　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1课时学案 单元语法讲练被动语态一、基本知识1．概念语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。2．构成被动语态一般由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。3．用法(1)讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者。(这时可省略by短语)My bike was stolen last night．我的自行车昨晚被偷了。(2)借助被动的动作突出动作的承受者。The bike was knocked down by a naughty boy．这辆自行车被一个调皮的小男孩撞倒了。(3)为使句子更加合理、流畅。The plan was supported by those who wished to live on campus．这个计划得到了希望住在校内的人的支持。(4)习惯用法的需要。这类词常见的有born，determine，devote，seat，dress，situate等。He was born in China in 2017．他于2017年出生在中国。[即时训练1]　单句语法填空①All the students ______________ (inspire) by the inspiring speech yesterday．②In the story，the stupid emperor______________ (cheat) by two cheats．③One third of the country ___________ (cover) with trees．were inspiredwas cheatedis covered二、形式The boy is often heard to play the piano．人们经常听到这个男孩弹钢琴。(一般现在时)She was seen to enter the hall．有人看见她进了大厅。(一般过去时)A new house will be built by us next year．明年我们要建一栋新房子。(一般将来时)The problem is being discussed at the meeting．会议上正在讨论这个问题。(现在进行时)A meeting was being held when I got there．我到那儿时，正在开会。(过去进行时)All these flowers have been watered．这些花都浇过了。(现在完成时)The building had been completed before I arrived．在我到达之前那座建筑就已竣工了。(过去完成时)These books may be kept for two weeks．这些书可以借两周。(含情态动词)[名师点津]　被动语态中的be动词有时可用get来代替。“get＋过去分词”一般用来谈论突然发生的事件，只表示动作，不表示状态。She got hurt on her way back home．她在回家的路上受伤了。[即时训练2]　单句语法填空①Both sites ___________________ (visit)by over 10，000 people since last year．②To their parents' surprise，the children ___________ (find) hidden in an old stone house at last．have been visitedwere found三、被动语态的注意事项1．以主动形式表被动意义的动词(1)表示状态特征的系动词，如look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove不用于被动语态，其后接形容词或名词构成系表结构，表示被动含义。The food tastes delicious．这食物味道鲜美。The cotton feels soft．棉花摸上去很软。(2)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如open，shut，lock，sell，write，wash，start习惯上以主动形式表示被动含义。The engine won't start．引擎发动不起来。这类动词中有的不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。This kind of cloth washes well．这种布好洗。(3)need，want，require作谓语，其后动词可用动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式。The plan required discussing．＝The plan required to be discussed．这项计划需要讨论。[即时训练3]　单句语法填空①This piece of meat ____ (cut) well．②The garden doesn't need _____________________ (water) because it rained last night．cutswatering/to be watered2．不用被动语态的几种情况(1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见的有：appear，die，disappear，rise，end，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，sit，spread，stand，break out，come true，fall asleep，lose heart，take place等。The price has risen．价格上涨了。The accident happened last week．那场事故是上周发生的。[名师点津]　要想正确地使用被动语态，就需注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。要想解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。(2)有些及物动词和及物动词短语不能用于被动语态，常见的有：fit，have，marry，own，wish，cost，watch，agree with，arrive at/in，shake hands with，succeed in，suffer from，happen to，take part in，walk into，belong to。This key just fits the lock．这把钥匙只开这把锁。Your story agrees with what he heard．你的故事与他听到的相符。短文语境填空(根据所学语法知识，在空白处填入适当的词)This is the third time I 1．__________ (be) here．All visitors to this town 2．____________ (treat) with kindness．It took me a long time before I was able to 3．_____ (full) appreciate what they 4．_________ (do) for me．The town life 5．____________ (change) greatly since 1992．People are recycling many things that they might have thrown away in the past．The Town Hall 6．_________ (complete) in the 1800's was the most distinguished building at that time．Great changes 7．___________ (take) place in the town and a lot of factories 8．_______________ (set) up．The church tower which 9．___________________ (restore)will be open to tourists soon．The work is almost 10．________ (finish)．have beenare treatedfullyhad donehas changedcompletedhave takenhave been setis being restoredfinished