新高考英语一轮复习练习考向61 语法填空之解答介词 冠词与代词类填空的3策略（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习练习考向61 语法填空之解答介词 冠词与代词类填空的3策略（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语一轮复习练习考向61语法填空之解答介词冠词与代词类填空的3策略原卷版doc、新高考英语一轮复习练习考向61语法填空之解答介词冠词与代词类填空的3策略解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共32页， 欢迎下载使用。
宏观分析
语法填空中无提示词类填空题的考查方向多为介词、冠词或代词。
①如果可数名词单数前无冠词，则考虑填冠词。分析名词前后的定语，判断是限制还是修饰，弄清是特指还是泛指。
②空后是名词或代词，如果名词前已有冠词或其他修饰语，根据意思或搭配考虑填介词。
③分析句子结构，确定句子所缺成分，空处在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，利用代词的用法确定用何种代词。
策略一 考查介词(短语)和动词短语——根据固定搭配
【考情再现】
1. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Museums must eq \a\vs4\al(cmpete) ________ peple's spare time and mney with ther amusements. Mst museums als welcme schl grups and arrange special activities fr children.
答案与解析 fr 句意：博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。大多数博物馆也欢迎学校团体，并为儿童安排特别活动。根据语境可知，此处是动词短语：cmpete fr “为……竞争”。故填fr。
2. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Bamb plants eq \a\vs4\al(are assciated) ________ health, abundance and a happy hme.
答案与解析 with 句意：竹子寓意健康富裕与阖家幸福。be assciated with“与……相关”。故填介词with。
3. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Oranges: Orange trees are eq \a\vs4\al(mre) ________ decratin; they are a symbl f gd frtune and wealth.
答案与解析 than 句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品它们还象征吉祥富足。mre than “不仅仅，不只是”。故填than。
4. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ________ eq \a\vs4\al(earth)， Mther Nature.
答案与解析 n 句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为n earth。故填n。
5. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by eq \a\vs4\al(a pack) ________ dgs, seven t be exact.
答案与解析 f 句意为：我们最先听到了一群狗的叫声——准确来说是七只狗的叫声。a pack f为固定搭配，意为“一群；一盒；一伙”，故填f。
6. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Crn uses eq \a\vs4\al(less) water ________ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runff.
答案与解析 than 句意：玉米用水量比水稻少，化肥流失少。设空前是形容词比较级less，故该空应填介词than，构成比较级句型。
7. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was eq \a\vs4\al(searching) ________ these three western lwland grillas I'd been bserving.
答案与解析 fr 句意：“我”在寻找“我”一直在研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。search fr是动词短语，表“寻找；搜寻”。
8. (2020·浙江高考7月卷)Sme time after 10000 BC, peple made the first real attempt t cntrl eq \a\vs4\al(the wrld) they eq \a\vs4\al(lived) ________， thrugh agriculture.
答案与解析 in 句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived ________”是名词the wrld 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the wrld, live in＋名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
9. (2020·浙江高考1月卷)In 2015, ne in 12 peple arund the wrld were ver 65; by 2050, it will be ne in six. This aging f the ppulatin is eq \a\vs4\al(driven) ________ tw factrs.
答案与解析 by 句意：2015年，全世界每12个人中就有一个人超过65岁；到2050年，这一比例将达到六分之一。这种人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。be driven by ... “由……促成”， 此句为被动语态，介词by的宾语是动作的执行者。
10. (2019·浙江高考)The eq \a\vs4\al(answer) ________ this questin is nt clear.
答案与解析 t the key/answer t ...表示“……的答案是……”，是固定搭配。故填t。
【技巧微点】
1. 判断空后是否有谓语，确定填介词
设空后没有谓语动词，而是名词、代词、动名词或what从句，且它们不在句中作主语也不作动词的宾语，则该空填介词，空后的部分作它的宾语。
2. 记牢一词多义的情况
(1)fr：①(去向)往；向，如：leave fr “动身eq \a\vs4\al(去……)”；②为得到，为获取；③表一段时间，如：fr tw years “两年”；④因为，由于；⑤就……而言。
(2)in：①in＋一段时间，用于将来时；②in＋表示“方式/语言/材料”的名词，表“以……方式/用……语言/材料”；③表方向，朝，向，如in the directin。
(3)by＋交通工具/通信工具，也可表方式，如by car/train/air/sea/letter/email/phne/hand。
(4)with：①带有，具有；②用，以；③和……在一起；④因为，由于；⑤和其他动词连用。
(5)beynd：①在……另一边； ②在……更远处； ③超出；非……所能及。
(6)as用作介词，意为“作为”，常用于一些动词之后；wrk as “从事……工作”；serve as “可用作……”； act as “担任；充当……”。
3. 依据句式和搭配填介词
①与动词搭配，如：mistake ... fr ... “把……误认为……”；devte ... t ... “致力于……”。
②与名词或代词搭配，如：(a) lack f “缺乏……”； n ne's wn/by neself “靠自己”。
③与形容词搭配，如：be absent frm “缺席”； be busy with “忙于”。
策略二 考查冠词——基本用法是解题关键
【考情再现】
11. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The plum trees are ________ eq \a\vs4\al(first) t flwer even as the snw is melting (融化). They represent the prmise f spring and a renewal f life.
答案与解析 the 句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。此处指“第一个”，故序数词first前应加定冠词the。故填the。
12. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of ________ eq \a\vs4\al(nineteen) recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six are stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
答案与解析 the 句意：在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中，有3个正在减少，6个保持稳定，1个正在增加，还有9个缺乏足够的数据。根据句意及设空处后的“nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins”可知，此处特指“已知的19个北极熊亚种群”，应用定冠词限定，故填the。
13. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we gt a call saying she was shrt­listed, we thught it was ________ jke.
答案与解析 a 句意：当我们接到电话说她入围时，我们以为那是一个玩笑。设空处的jke意为“玩笑”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个玩笑”，应用不定冠词修饰，且jke的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
14. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Crn prductin has jumped nearly 125 percent eq \a\vs4\al(ver) ________ eq \a\vs4\al(past 25 years)， while rice has increased nly 7 percent.
答案与解析 the 句意：在过去25年里玉米产量猛增了近125%，而水稻的产量只增长了7%。此处特指在过去的25年里，故填the。
15. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I'm face­t­face with the grilla, wh begins screaming eq \a\vs4\al(at tp f her) eq \a\vs4\al(lungs).
答案与解析 the 句意：出乎意料的是，我正与那只猩猩面对面，它开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。at the tp f ne's lungs “声嘶力竭地”。
16. (2020·浙江高考7月卷)This style f farming lasted fr quite a lng time. Then, with ________ eq \a\vs4\al(rise) eq \a\vs4\al(f) science, changes began.
答案与解析 the 句意：这种耕种方式持续了很久。然后随着科学的崛起，一切发生了变化。with the rise f “随着……的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
17. (2020·浙江高考1月卷)A child brn in the US tday has ________ very realistic eq \a\vs4\al(chance) f living beynd 100 and needs t plan accrdingly.
答案与解析 a 句意：现在在美国出生的孩子很有可能活到100岁以上，因此需要做出相应的计划。have a(n) ... chance f 意为“有……的可能性”，故此处填不定冠词a。
18. (2019·浙江高考)Everybdy wears ________ eq \a\vs4\al(same) style f clthes.
答案与解析 the the same意为“相同的”，故填定冠词the。
【技巧微点】
1. 2个口诀巧判用a/an还是the
①用定冠词的情况：特指双方熟悉，上文已提及，世上独一无二，专有名词前、西洋乐器前、序数词与最高级前。
②用不定冠词的情况：泛指一类人与物，与ne同义表“一”；和序数词一起表“又一，再一”，词首字母读元音，冠词就要用an, 其他一律用a。
2. 5种可能填冠词的情况
填不定冠词的情况：
①________＋单数可数名词
②________＋形容词＋单数可数名词
填定冠词的情况：
①________(＋定语)＋名词＋f等介词短语(表特指)
②________(＋定语)＋名词＋定语从句(表特指)
③________(＋定语)＋名词＋不定式/分词短语(表特指)
3. 根据固定搭配或用法确定冠词
①动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位。
②at a lss “不知所措”； a waste f ...“浪费……”；have a lk/take a walk “看一看/去散步”等固定搭配。
③a＋比较级(＋名词)，表“一个更……的人或物”。
④抽象名词具体化的名词(可概括为：惊、乐、憾、傲、慰、险、助、成、败、美)surprise, pleasure, pity, pride, cmfrt, danger, help, success, failure, beauty，表具体的意义“一个……”时，其前应加不定冠词a或an。
策略三 考查代词
——根据所作成分转换代词或根据指代对象或句式填写代词
【考情再现】
19. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and eq \a\vs4\al(imagine) ________ (they) living at a different time in histry r walking thrugh a rainfrest.
答案与解析 themselves 句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。设空处所填词指代该句主语visitrs，意为“他们自己”，应用反身代词。故填themselves。
20. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Data abut the mn's cmpsitin, such as hw much ice and ther treasures it cntains, culd help China decide whether ________ (it) eq \a\vs4\al(plans) fr a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
答案与解析 its 设空处所填词作名词plans的定语，应用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
21. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)eq \a\vs4\al(Running) is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If yu are time pr, yu need run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all eq \a\vs4\al(give) ________ eq \a\vs4\al(a try).
答案与解析 it 句意：如果你时间不充裕，你只需要花费其他运动一半的时间去跑步便可获得同样的收益，因此或许我们都应该尝试跑步。设空处作give的宾语，且指代上一句中的Running，故用代词it。
22. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad t eq \a\vs4\al(find) ________ (they) alive.
答案与解析 them 设空在句中作find 的宾语，故用宾格代词them。
23. (2019·北京高考)Nervusly facing challenges, I knw I will whisper eq \a\vs4\al(t) ________ (I) the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”.
答案与解析 myself 本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人时，宾语应用反身代词。故填myself。
24. (2018·浙江高考)Many westerners wh cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw eq \a\vs4\al(cheap) ________ can be eq \a\vs4\al(t eat ut).
答案与解析 it 设空处是形式主语，其中不定式短语t eat ut是真正的主语，作形式主语应用it。
【技巧微点】
句子成分法
当句子中缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下设空处所填代词是否与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。
①作主语：人称代词主格(I, we, yu, he, she, they, it)、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词。
②作宾语：人称代词宾格(me, us, yu, him, her, them, it)、名词性物主代词(urs, mine, yurs, his, hers, theirs, its)、不定代词。
③作表语：人称代词宾格、不定代词或名词性物主代词。
④作定语：形容词性物主代词(ur, my, yur, his, her, their, its)。
⑤作宾语、表语或同位语且反射句子的主语，用反身代词(myself, urselves, yurself, yurselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves)，同时注意数的变化。
※填it的情况：a.作形式主语或形式宾语； b. 指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况；c.固定搭配，如make it “成功；按时到达”； get it “理解，明白”。
【检测训练】
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A shepherd became a her as he saved six marathners amng a grup f thse1. (affect) by extreme weather.
Zhu Keming, a farmer frm Jingtai cunty f Baiyin, Nrthwest China's Gansu prvince, was grazing his sheep n a muntain near the Yellw River n Saturday mrning. As it began raining and the temperature drpped 2. (sharp), Zhu went t seek shelter in a nearby cave huse 3. he had stred clthes and dried fd fr emergency use.
While 4. (stay) in the cave huse, Zhu heard cries fr help frm utside. He walked ut and saw a grup f marathn runners, including ne cnvulsing(抽搐) due t the cld.
He immediately tk the runners int the cave huse, and started fires t warm them. He then called the emergency htline 5. help.
While waiting fr 6. (rescue), Zhu kept lking arund utside. He then fund 7. runner laying n grund. He carried the man int the cave huse, and8. (wrap) him in quilts until he regained cnsciusness.
Zhang Xiata, wh survived the ill-fated race that claimed the lives f 21 runners, was9. (emtin) when recalling the shepherd's help.
"The 10. (lse) f temperature was fast. It is a miracle that I survived a narrw escape frm death. Withut him (Zhu Keming), I dn't knw what wuld have becme f me," he said.
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The Lantern Festival, als knwn as Shangyuan Festival, is bserved n January 15th n Chinese lunar calendar. It is the first full mn night in Chinese lunar year, 11. (symbl) harmny, reunin and the cming back f the spring.The Lantern Festival is deemed as a gd day fr family get-tgether.
As fr the traditins fr this festival, just 12. its name indicates, hanging and lking at lanterns is the main traditin. Lanterns f 13. (vary) f shapes and sizes are displayed n trees, r alng river banks. Sme are in the shapes f butterflies, birds, flwers, and bats, thers 14. (shape) like dragn, fruit and animal symbls f that year.
Anther traditin is slving lantern riddles. Thusands f riddles 15. (hang) n lanterns fr peple t sht dwn and slve. The riddles are usually shrt, wise, and smetimes humrus. The answer 16. a riddle can be a Chinese character, a famus persn’s name, a place name r a prverb. This traditin is said 17. (becme) a ppular game with serius staying pwer even as scial develpment changes ther traditins.
Aside frm that, the mst imprtant thing t d tday is t eat sweet dumplings. In nrthern China, sweet dumplings made f glutinus rice flur are called “Yuanxia” while in 18. (suth) part they are called “Tangyuan”. Typical sweet dumplings are filled with black sesame sauce, sweetened bean paste, r hawthrn and the rund shape f it is a symbl f whleness, cmpleteness and unity.
The lantern festival is an ccasin when the families get tgether and everyne—yung, ld, rich and pr 19. (have) fun. Making “ Yuanxia” tday is like a game r 20. activity, s it’s seldm dne withut a grup f friends r family present t help ut.
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China earlier n Thursday successfully launched Tianhe frm the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site, 21. (start) a series f key launch missins22. aim t cmplete the cnstructin f the statin by the end f next year.
The cnstructin f the space statin and a state-level space lab,23. (be) key gal t fulfilling the three strategic steps in China’s manned space prgram and24. imprtant leading prject fr building China’s25. (strng) in science, technlgy and aerspace.
China’s mst adventurus space attempt, the multimdule space statin named Tiangng, will have three main cmpnents — a cre mdule26. (attach) t tw space labratries — with a cmbined weight f nearly 70 tns. The cre capsule, named Tianhe, is 16. 6 meters lng 27. has a diameter (直径) f 4. 2 meters. The craft’s weight is equal28. the cmbined weight f 15 standard-size autmbiles.
The capsule will be 29. (centre) t the space statin’s future peratins, given that astrnauts will live there and cntrl the entire statin frm inside. It will 30. (use) t hst scientific and technlgical experiments t. The entire statin is expected t becme fully peratinal arund the end f 2022 and is set t wrk fr abut 15 years.
4
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What d the Summer Palace, Yuanmingyuan and the Chengde Muntain Resrt all have 31. cmmn? These Qing-dynasty architectural 32. (wnder), alng with many thers, were all built by members f the same family- the Lei family.
Fr seven generatins, the Lei family 33. (quiet) shaped ryal architecture. Their designs were admirable, 34. (vary) frm grand buildings t public wrks, such as rads and dams. S incredible was their skill 35. many f their buildings survived earthquakes and remained standing ver hundreds f years.
The Lei family were als pineering engineers, wh used a grid (方格) system t plan their prjects in detail. They tk careful ntes and made mdels f their prjects, many f 36. have survived t this day, and they are registered as part f UNESCO’S Memry f the Wrld Prgramme.
In additin t their architectural achievements, the Lei family 37. (shw) diligence (勤奋) and mdesty. Each generatin cnscientiusly learnt their skills and undertk ambitius prjects, many f which tk years 38. (cmplete). Yet they did nt seek fame, and even tday, their great wrks are assciated 39. (much) with the ryal curt than with them.
With their remarkable skills, innvatin, diligence and mdesty, the Lei family leave behind their buildings and the 40. (believe) that true wrkmanship is a treasure that can last beynd a lifetime.
5
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
On Sina Weib, Actress Ma Sichun's name has recently been trending. Ma appeared in the 41. (five) seasn f a variety shw, Rast. The audience was astnished that she was verweight. She lks ttally different frm her slim appearance in Yu Are My Her, 42. (release) n March 11, in which Ma plays a dctr.
Peple are wndering what happened t Ma. In a vide, she publicly admitted that she has been suffering frm depressin43. hadn't realized that it was a disease. Since she was a child, pressure frm family and schl life taught her t be careful. She was als 44. victim f bullying in senir high schl. After 45. (step) int shwbiz (演艺圈)，Ma tried t get rid f accusatins f neptism (裙带关系)because her aunt is well-knwn actress Jiang Wenli.
Fr a lng time, Ma 46. (stick) in a cycle f depressin. But nw, she has learned t cpe. “I've learned hw t make peace with myself and the past,” Ma said in an interview with GQ Lab. "I'm 47. (true) making an attempt t be mre pen-minded and 48. (curage)/9 she added.
Standing n the stage f Rast, Ma played jkes abut remarks 49. her verweight brught abut by taking medicine. She even encuraged thse suffering frm depressin in the vide.