高考英语语法词汇专项突破：14全解读非谓语动词之分词+巩固练习及答案与解析

这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：14全解读非谓语动词之分词+巩固练习及答案与解析，共25页。
第三板块 分词的功能
考点一、分词形式作定语; 考点二、分词形式作表语;
考点三、分词形式作补足语
热点一、一些使役动词跟分词作宾补; 热点二、感官动词跟分词作宾补
考点四、分词形式作状语
热点一、现在分词（ing形式）作状语成分;热点二、过去分词作状语成分;热点三、连词+分词;
热点四、逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的特殊分词状语
考点五、与感觉、情绪或情感有关的及物动词的分词 赏英语谚语 学—ing
[分词考题展示]
【考例1】（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）Shanghai may be the _____ (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighburing canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng ba’s birthplace.
答案与解析：recgnized。考查非谓语动词过去分词作定语。空处在名词hme前面,需用分词作定语,空处与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系,需填过去分词recgnized“被公认的”。句意:上海可能是公认的汤包之乡,但美食历史学家实际上会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。
【考例2】(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) They talk t the fld f internatinal turists and t ______ (visit) Chinese zkeepers wh ften cme t check n the pandas, which are n lan frm China.
答案与解析：visiting。考查现在分词作定语。本空在句中作定语,修饰名词词组Chinese zkeepers,被修饰的名词词组和动词visit之间为主动关系,故本空应用现在分词作定语。句意:他们要与大量的国际游客和经常前来看这些熊猫的中国动物园饲养员交谈,这些熊猫是从中国暂借的。
【考例3】（2023·全国乙卷）____ (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I was amazed by the c-existence f ld and new,and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
答案与解析：Having visited。考查非谓语动词现在分词作状语。本空在句中作状语,动词visit和句子主语I之间为逻辑上的主动关系,且根据空后时间状语ver the last 10 years可知,应用现在完成时,故本空应用现在分词的完成式,表示“主动和完成”关系。句意:在过去的10年中,“我”多次游览这个城市,对于新旧并存以及城市能够在不断扩张的同时保留如此丰富的文化遗产感到惊讶。
【考例4】（2018·北京）Ordinary sap, _________（use） crrectly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
答案与解析：used。考查非谓语动词过去分词作状语。Ordinary sap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_________ crrectly是条件状语，修饰rdinary sap，rdinary sap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词used。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。
【考例5】（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is rarely enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left _______ (want) mre next time.
答案与解析：wanting。考查非谓语动词现在分词作宾语补足语。句意:无论我在哪里买它们,一笼都不够,但是两笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次多买点儿。此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,I与want之间是主动关系, 用现在分词wanting。
【考例6】（2020·新课标II卷）They make great gifts and yu see them many times______ (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
答案与解析：decrated。考查非谓语动词过去分词作宾语补足语。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的range trees，与decrate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decrated。
[分词基本概况]
分词有现在分词和过去分词之分，现在把现在分词叫作动词-ing形式，为了便于讲解，本文仍然称之为现在分词。现在分词是由动词在词尾加上-ing构成。规则的过去分词是在词尾加上-ed构成，不规则过去分词没有一定的规则，需要同学们特殊记。关于分词的基本情况请看下表：
从表中可以看出及物动词的现在分词有四种形式，不及物动词的现在分词没有被动语态，只有两种形式。过去分词没有时态和语态的变化，因为其本身就表示时间的过去，和语态上的被动意义，但是不及物动词的过去分词没有被动意义，只有表示时间上的过去。
分词具有动词、形容词、副词和名词的特征，从动词的特征看，它可以有自己的状语，如果是及物动词的还可以有自己的宾语；从形容词的特征看，可以作定语、补足语、表语和状语；从副词特征看可以作状语；从名词性的特征看可以作主语、宾语、定语和表语。分词的否定形式是在其前面直接加上nt。
[分词考点解读]
第一板块 分词的时间意义
I．现在分词的一般式表示分词的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生。考例：
1. (NMETXXXX II) “We can’t g ut in this weather,” said Bb, _____ ut f the windw.
*A. lking B. t lk C. lked D. having lked
简析：现在分词lking作伴随状语，表示与谓语动词said动作同时发生，即说话的时候看着窗外。
2. (NMETXXXX.III) Reading is an experience quite different frm watching TV; there are pictures ______in yur mind instead f befre yur eyes.
A. t frm B. frm *C. frming D. having frmed
简析：表示一般的情况下，强调对事实情况的陈述。
II．现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生。考例：
1. (江苏XXXX)The ld man, ______ abrad fr twenty years, is n the way back t his mtherland.
A. t wrk B. wrking C. t have wrked *D. having wrked
简析：“老人在返回祖国的途中”发生在“在国外工作20年之后”，wrk的动作先于is n the way back发生，同时句中还有时间状语fr twenty years提示，所以选D。
2. (北京XXXX)_______ in the queue fr half an hur, Tm suddenly realized he had left his wallet at hme.
A. T wait B. Have waited
*C. Having waited D. T have waited
简析：“意识到钱夹忘在家里”是在“排了半个小时队之后”，wait的动作先于realize发生，所以用完成式，排除A；B项是谓语动词应排除；D项不定式作目的状语，不合语意，故选C。
III．过去分词表示的动作往往是已经完成。考例：
1. (上海XXXX) The disc, digitally _____ in the studi, sunded fantastic at the party that night.
＊A. recrded B. recrding C. t be recrded D. having recrded
简析：既然在晚会上播放的唱片，肯定是已经录制好的，所以recrd的动作应该是已经完成，而且是“被录制”，故选A。
2. (辽宁XXXX)_____ by the beauty f nature, the girl frm Lndn decided t spend anther tw days n the farm.
Attracting *B. Attracted C. T be attracted D. Having attracted
简析：根据非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子主语的一致关系可以排除A、D；C中的不定式用于目的状语，也排除，故选B，句中的attract的动作先发生，然后才有“决定在农场再过两天”，故选B。
第二板块 分词否定形式
分词的否定形式是在分词前直接加上nt构成的。考例：
(METXXXX) ________ a reply, he decided t write again.
A. Nt receiving B. Receiving nt *C. Nt having received D. Having nt received
简析：根据分词与句子谓语动词之间的动作先后关系可以排除A、B，正是“由于没有收到来信”，才“决定再写一封”，所以选择完成式。但是分词的否定形式是在分词前直接加上nt，having received是现在分词完成式，是分词的一个整体，所以nt加在having前，故选C。
再如：Nt knwing what t d, he had t ask the teacher fr help.他不知道怎么办，不得不请求老师给予帮助。
He fund him nt wrking in the fields.他发现他不在田里劳动。
第三板块 分词的功能
分词在句中可以作定语、表语、补足语和状语，至于用现在分词还是过去分词，要考虑到现在分词与过去分词之间的在表示时间意义和语态意义的区别，这一点十分重要。
考点一、分词形式作定语
单个的分词形式作定语通常置于被修饰词前，而分词短语形式作定语应置于被修饰词之后。现在分词表示存在的状态或者一般的情况，或强调与谓语动词的动作同时或基本同时发生并进行，但是-ing的完成时一般不能作定语。通常作定语的分词可以与定语从句相互转换。
热点一、现在分词作定语。考例：
1. (上海XXXX) The lady said she wuld buy a gift fr her daughter with the _______.
A. 20 dllars remained B. 20 dllars t remain C. remained 20 dllars *D. remaining 20 dllars
简析：此处的remaining相当于形容词，意思是“剩下的”，由于remain是不及物动词，所以用现在分词作前置定语。
2. (北京春招XXXX) The picture ____n the wall is pained by my nephew.
A. having hung *B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
简析：从句意可以看出表示“挂着”的状态，用ing的主动形式，而ing的完成时一般不作定语，所以选B。
3. The flwers ______ sweet in the btanic garden attract the visitrs t the beauty f nature. (上海XXXX)
A. t smell *B. smelling C. smelt D. t be smelt B
简析：smell“发出气味”与attract同时进行，表示当时的情形，而smell表示词义时是连系动词，从题中的形容词sweet也可以看出，所以不可以用过去分词，故选B。
热点二、过去分词作定语。
定语的位置
单个过去分词及由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时，通常置于被修饰词前，但修饰代词需置于被修饰词之后。如：
the develped cuntries 发达国家
spken English 英语口语
well-trained pliceman 训练有素的警察
man-made satellite 人造卫星
everybdy invited 所有被邀请的人
注意：leave的过去分词left表示“剩余的、剩下的”意思时，置于被修饰词之后。如：
There is nly ne minute left. 就剩下一分钟了。
过去分词短语作定语要后置，即要放在被修饰词之后。如：
（1）（浙江XXXX）Linda wrked fr the Minnesta Manufacturing and Miring Cmpany, _____ as 3M.
A. knwing *B. knwn C. being knwn D. t be knwn
简析：本句实际上含有短语be knwn as “以……而著名”，对于the Minnesta Manufacturing and Miring Cmpany应该是“被大家知道”，所以用过去分词表示被动意义，故选B。
(2) (上海XXXX) Dn’t use wrds, expressins, r phrases ______ nly t peple with specific knwledge.
A. being knwn B. having been knwn C. t be knwn *D. knwn
(3) (安徽XXXX) Prices f daily gds ______ thrugh a cmputer can be lwer than stre prices.
A.are bught *B. bught C. been bught D. buying
部分过去分词置于被修饰词前后的位置不同，则意义也不相同。如：
an adpted child 收养的孩子 a plan adpted 被采纳的建议
作限制性定语或非限制性定语
过去分词作定语可以是限制性定语，也可以是非限制性定语，并且可以与对应的限制性定语从句或非限制性定语从句相互转换。如：
1）(NMETXXXX) The first textbks written fr teaching as a freign language came ut in the 16th century.
可以转换为：The first textbks that (which) were written fr teaching as a freign language came ut in the 16th century.
2）(NMETXXXX) The Olympic Games, first played in 776 B.C., did nt include wmen players until 1912.
可以转换为：The Olympic Games, which was first played in 776 B.C,. did nt include wmen players until 1912.
3. 不及物动词的过去分词
一些不及物动词也有过去分词形式，由于不及物动词不可以直接跟宾语，所以不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示动作的完成，而没有被动语态的意义。如：
newly-arrived gds 新到的商品a returned student归国留学生
fallen leaves 落叶faded flwers 凋谢的花
the risen sun/mn: 升起了的太阳/月亮a retired wrker退休工人
an escaped prisner逃犯
考点二、分词形式作表语
分词作表语表示主语的特征，或是对主语进行描述，要注意连系动词不仅仅是be动词, get/ remain/ stay等词都可以作系动词。
1.（2018新课标III卷）I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid lking directly int his eyes s he desn't feel_____________(challenge).
简析：challenged。此处feel为系动词，之后缺表语，故用过去分词challenged，表示"被挑战的"，所以用过去分词。句意：我迅速放下身子，低下头，避免直接看他的眼睛，这样他就不会觉得有挑战。
2. (NMETXXXX I)Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid yu wn’t have time t ____ befre the party.
*A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get t change
简析：此处的过去分词作连系动词get的表语，过去分词仍然保留有被动意义。
3. (NMETXXXX) Cleaning wmen in big cities usually get ____ by the hur.
A. pay B. paying *C. paid D. t pay
4. (上海春招XXXX) The pilt asked all the passengers n bard t remain _____ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating *C. seated D. t be seating
简析：题中的remain“依然”是连系动词，所以要跟表语，及物动词seat通常用seat neself/sb表示“坐下或使……就座”，或用过去分词，即（be）seated，故选C。
再如：Yur article is well-written. 你的文章写得很好。
The stry is very tuching. 这个故事非常动人。
其中一些过去分词作表语实际上已经成为短语要求考生熟记，如：be satisfied with/ be cvered with/ be dressed in/ be seated/
考点三、分词形式作补足语
宾语补足语就是用形容词、副词、分词、介词短语、不定式或名词等对宾语进行补充或说明，通常补足语与宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。现在分词作宾语补足语表示其动作在延续或进行,过去分词作宾语补足语表示过去分词与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。常跟现在分词作宾语补足语大致有以下几类。
热点一、一些使役动词跟分词作宾补
像have/ get/ send/ leave 等使役动词可以跟分词作宾补，要注意各个词汇使用特点。1. have sb. ding sth.表示“让某人一直在做某事”；have/get sth. dne.有两层含义，一是指主语“让某人做某事”，而主语自己不参与，而是指主语本身“有某种损失或遭遇”。leave sb. ding sth.表示“使某人做某事”处于某种状态”；leave sth. dne意思是“使某物处于某种状态”。send sb. ding sth.表示“使某人做某事”。考例：
1. (安徽XXXX) --- Why did yu g back t the shp?
--- I left my friend _______ there.
*A. waiting B. t wait C. wait D. waits
简析：leave sb ding sth的意思是“使某人做某事处于某种状态”。
2.（天津XXXX）Dn’t leave the water ____ while yu brush yur teeth.
A. run *B. running C. being run D. t run
3. (上海XXXX) The huse had ne f the windws ______ in the strm yesterday.
A. breaking B. t be breaking *C. brken D. t be brken
简析：句中的have sth. dne结构表示主语the huse在昨天遭受到“窗户破碎的损失”，故选C。
4. (上海XXXX) He didn’t keep n asking the time any lnger as he had his watch ______.
A. t repair *B. repaired C. repairing D. repair
简析：由于his watch是repair“修理”的动作对象，所以用have sth. dne结构，故选B。
(上海XXXX) Mr Brwn was much disappinted t see the washing machine she had had _____ went wrng again.
A. it B. it repaired *C. repaired D. t be repaired
简析：本题与第3题基本相似，但是在难度上明显提高。题中的had had应理解成是使役动词have的过去完成时，she had had是定语从句，修饰先行词the washing machine，had后应该有宾语，在定语从句中作其宾语的关系代词that或which被省掉了，由此可以知道是have sth. dne结构的过去完成时形式，句意是“布朗夫人很失望地看到她让人修过的洗衣机又坏了”，故选C。
热点二、感官动词跟分词作宾补
像see/ hear/ watch/ bserve/ ntice/catch/ find/listen t/ lk at 等感官动词常跟分词作宾语补足语，但是使役动词make一般不跟现在分词作宾补，像完全形容词化的interesting除外。当这些动词用于被动语态时，作宾语补足语的分词就成了主语补足语。如：
1) （2020新课标III卷）And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds____________ (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears.
简析：分析句子结构可知，surrunding the muntain tps作宾补，surrund在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语cluds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词，注意句子中的并列连词and，连接的两个宾补结构。故填surrunding。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。
(京皖春招XXXX) He lked arund and caught a man ____ his hand int the pcket f a passenger.
A. put B. t be putting C. t put *D. putting
简析：catch sb ding sth的意思是“撞见（碰见）某人正在做某事”，是一固定用法，就像send sb ding sth表示“使某人做某事”一样也是固定用法。
3) (NMETXXXX) A ck will be immediately fired if he is fund ______ in the kitchen.
A. smke *B. smking C. t smke D. smked
简析：find sb ding sth的意思是“发现某人正在做某事”。
考点四、分词形式作状语
作状语的分词所表示的动作是句子谓语动词的一部分，可以表示时间、原因、方式、伴随或结果等，通常用逗号与句子隔开。其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致，即句子的主语就是动词ing的动作执行者，逻辑主语与句子的主语的关系是决定用现在分词还是过去分词的一个重要尺度。
热点一、现在分词（ing形式）作状语成分
1、时间状语 (可以与when等引导的时间状语从句转换)
1) (上海XXXX) Finding her car stlen, ___________.
A. a pliceman was asked t help B. the area was searching thrughly
C. it was lked fr everywhere *D. she hurried t a pliceman fr help
可以转换成：When she fund her car stlen, she hurried t a pliceman fr help.
2) Having clsed the windws, he went ut f the classrm.
关上窗户后，他走出教室。
可以转换成：After he clsed the windws, he…
2、原因状语（可以与as/since/because等引导的原因状语从句转换）
1) (NMETXXXX) _______ such heavy pllutin already, it may nw be t later t clean up the river.
*A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. T suffer D. Suffered
2) (NMETXXXX)________ in thught, he almst ran int the car in frnt him.
A. Lsing B. Having lst *C. Lst D. T lse
3). (上海XXXX) Having been attacked by terrrists, _______.
A. dctrs came t their rescue *B. the tall building cllapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given t turists
简析：根据分词短语作状语的逻辑主语与句子的主语关系可以看出A、C、D中的dctrs/ an emergency measure/ warnings都不可能是attract“袭击”的对象，故选B，过去分词作原因状语。
4）（2022·新高考I卷）The Chinese gvernment recently finalized a plan t set up a Giant Panda Natinal Park(GPNP). ______ (cver)an area abut three times the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.
【答案】Cvering
简析：Cvering。设空处在句中作非谓语，cver和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Cvering表示原因。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。
3、条件状语（可以与if/ unless等引导的条件状语从句转换）
1） Using yur head, yu’ll have a gd idea.
(= If yu use yur head, yu’ll have a gd idea.; Use yur head and yu’ll have a gd idea.) 如果你动动脑筋，你就会想出办法来。
2) Turning t the left, yu will find a huse whse gate faces t the east.
(= If yu turn t the left, yu will find a huse whse gate faces t the east.; Turn t the left, and yu will find a huse whse gate faces t the east.)
向左转弯，你就会看到一座大门朝东的房子。
3) （北京XXXX）_______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. T give C. Giving *D. Given
简析：句子的主语与give之间是被动关系，考虑到give跟双宾语give sb. sth.可以推出he是give的动作对象，所以用过去分词作状语，表示条件，可以转换成：If he is given time…。
4、伴随状语（不可以转换成从句，但可以转换成并列句）
1) (NNETXXXX) The visiting Minister expressed his satisfactin with the talks, ______ that he had enjyed his stay here.
A. having added B. t add *C. adding D. added
可以转换成：The visiting Minister expressed his satisfactin with the talks and added that he had enjyed his stay here.
2) (METXXXX) “Can’t yu read?” Mary said ____ t the ntice.
*A. angrily pinting B. and pint angrily C. angrily pinted D. and angrily pinting
5、结果状语(可以与s …that…引导的结果状语从句相互转换，有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句)
1) (NMETXXXX) Eurpean ftball is played in 80 cuntries, _______ it the mst ppular sprt in the wrld.
*A. making B. makes C. made D. t make
可以转换成：Eurpean ftball is played in 80 cuntries, which makes it the mst ppular sprt in the wrld.
2) A number f new machines were installed in the factry, thus resulting in an increase in prductin.
这家工厂装了许多新机器，因而增加了生产。
6、方式状语
Travelling by car, we visited many places.
我们乘车游览了许多地方
7、让步状语（可以与thugh/ even thugh“尽管、即使”转换）
Wrking very hard, he didn’t feel a bit tired.
尽管拼命的工作，却丝毫不感到疲劳。
可以转换成：Thugh he wrked very hard, he didn’t feel a bit tired.
Admitting what she said, I still think she hasn’t tried her best.
尽管承认他所说的话，但我仍然认为他没有尽到最大的努力。
热点二、过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致。通常过去分词在句中可以作时间状语、原因状语、方式状语、伴随状语和让步状语等，而且可以与对应的状语从句进行句型转换。如：
1）（北京XXXX）_______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. T give C. Giving (D). Given
点拨：作条件状语，相当于If he is given time, …
2）(METXXXX) Fllwed by sme fficials, Naplen inspected his army.
点拨：作伴随状语或方式状语。
3）Warned f the strm, the farmers were still wrking in the field.
点拨：作让步状语，相当于：Thugh they had been warned f the strm, …
热点三、连词+分词
由when/ while/ after/ befre/ if/ thugh/ unless/ as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态，则可以省略从句的主语，而保留原连词，形成“连词+现在分词”结构。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，而且状语从句的谓语动词是被动语态形式时，从句可以转换成“连词+过去分词”形式，同时省掉从句的主语和句中的助动词be，注意该结构中的连词仍保持原来的意义。如：
1) (上海XXXX) Thugh _____ mney, his parents managed t send him t university.
A. lacked B. lacking f *C. lacking D. lacked in
可以转化成：Thugh they lacked（缺少）mney, his parents managed t send him t university.
2) (METXXXX) _____, I went t the railway statin t see my friend ff.
A. After eating quickly my dinner B. after my quickly eating dinner
*C. After eating my dinner quickly D. After eating my quickly dinner
3）(NMETXXXX II)When first ____ t the market, these prducts enjyed great success.
A. intrducing *B. intrduced C. intrduce D. being intrduced
4) (NMETXXXX.IV) It shames me t say it, but I tld a lie when ________at the meeting by my bss.
questining B. having questined *C. questined D. t be questined
简析：本题补全是：…when I was questined…
1）The captain advised the sldier nt t say anything unless he was asked.
可以转换成：The captain advised the sldier nt t say anything unless asked.
2）Yu shuld d as yu were tld t.
可以转换成：Yu shuld d as tld t.
实际上“连词+过去分词”已经成为近年的高考热点，请看下列考例：
3）(上海XXXX) Generally speaking, ____ accrding t the directins, the drug has n side effect.
A. when taking *B. when taken C. when t take D. when t be taken
4）(NMETXXXX) The research is s designed that nce ______ nthing can be dne t change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning *D. begun
热点四、逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的特殊分词状语
但是在英语实际运用中有一些作状语的分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语并不一致，却依然是正确的，这样的分词称之为垂悬但不致病分词，这些分词常在句中作独立成分，有些已经转化成介词或连词。下面就给同学们列举一些这类分词，希望对同学们能有所帮助。
speaking 与一些副词连用，意思是“……说”，generally (frankly/ strictly/ hnestly/ persnally/ bradly) speaking 一般地（坦率地/ 严格地/ 诚实地……）说。如：
Generally speaking, Chinese is mre difficult t learn than English.
一般地说，汉语要比英语难学得多。
Generally speaking, newspapers fllw the American way, but cnference reprts and schlbks use British spelling.
Strictly speaking, I’m his stepfather, nt his father.
严格地说，我是他的继父，不是他的亲生父亲。
Bradly speaking, dgs are mre faithful t man than cats.
泛泛地说，狗比猫对人类要更为忠实。
2．judging frm… 从……判断
Judging frm what she wears, she must be a rich lady.
从她的穿戴来看（判断）， 她一定是一位有钱的女士。
3. including (cunting)… 包括，包含。
它是通过及物动词include(包括)加上ing转化而来的，实际上它已经成为一个介词。如：
There are 50 students in ur class, including 15 girl students.
包括十五位女生在内，我们班有五十位同学。
试比较：There are 50 students in ur class, 15 girl students included.
句中的15 girl students included与including 15 girl students意思相同，但是结构不一样。后一句的结构是“名词+过去分词”，是独立主格结构，included是过去分词，与15 girl students之间是动宾关系，意思是“十五位女生被包括在内”，但前一句的including是介词，与15 girl students之间是介宾关系。
4．cnsidering…或taking…int cnsideratin (考虑到……) 如：
Taking everything int cnsideratin, they ught t stay at hme.
考虑到各种因素，他们应该呆在家里。
试比较：
Cnsidered t be ne f the excellent students, he received schlarship this semester again.
被认为是优秀学生之一，他这学期又获得了奖学金。
句中的cnsidered是过去分词作状语，需要考虑到与句子的主语保持逻辑上的一致，同时也要注意到在以上的句中的cnsider的意思的不同。在前句的cnsider的意思是“考虑”，在后一句的意思是“认为”。
再比较：
Everything cnsidered, it’s natural fr Tm t ffer me a lift hme.
考虑到各种因素，汤姆让我搭车回家是很自然的事。
当分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，分词可以有自己的逻辑主语，这种结构叫做独立主格结构。
5．fllwing 可以用作为介词，意思是“在……之后；经过”。如：
Fllwing the cnference, the methds were put int use n a wide scale.
会议之后，这些方法大大得到推动。
Fllwing the victry ver Japan, he resumed his scientific wrk.
抗日战争胜利后，他继续搞科研工作。
6．given 作为介词的意思是“鉴于……”。
（京皖春招XXXX）______ the general state f his health, it may take him a while t recver frm the peratin.
*A. Given B. T give C. Giving D. Having given
本题句意是：鉴于他健康的整体情况，要从手术中恢复过来还需要一段时间。此处的given是介词。
试比较：
(北京XXXX)_____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. T give C. Giving *D. Given
句意是“如果给他时间，他会成为一流的网球选手”
本句可以转换成：If he is given time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.，可以看出句中的given是过去分词作状语。
7. wing t 意思是“因为；由于”，同because f或n accunt f一样是短语介词。如：
I culdn't attend the meeting, wing t illness.
因为有病，我不能参加这次会议。
8．accrding t意思是“根据、按照、取决于；视…而定”。如：
Yu needn’t t live accrding t her means
你没有必要按她的方式生活
Accrding t my watch it is 10 'clck. 按我的表是10点钟。
9．respecting (regarding) 关于、至于，作介词。如：
I wrte a letter regarding my daughter's schl examinatins.
我写了一封关于我女儿学校考试的信。
They are discussing prblems respecting air pllutin in cities
他们正在讨论关于城市空气污染的问题。
10．given that或admitting that的意思“尽管、即使”，同even if/ even thugh，用来引导让步状语从句。如
Granted that he is absent , there is n excuse.
即使他不在，也不是借口。
11．suppsing 作为介词或连词，意思是“假如；如果”，意思是同if，作连词引导假设性条件状语从句。如：
Suppsing her unwilling, what then? 如果她不愿意，那怎么办？
Suppsing it rained, we wuld still g. 如果下雨， 我们也依然要走。
12．prviding/ prvided 作为连词，意思是“如果；以……为条件”，后面也可以跟that，作用同suppsing，引导条件状语从句。如：
She will lend yu $ 2,000 prviding yu pay it back befre Christmas.
她可以借给你XXXX美元，条件是圣诞节前你必须还她。
I will g prviding /prvided (that) my expense are paid.
要是我的费用有人代付我就走。
13．seeing that…,表示原因，意思是“既然，由于”引导状语从句。如：
He knws much f the wrld seeing that he is nly twelve years ld.
他对人生世事知道的相当多了，因为他才12岁。
Seeing that yu are here, I have t tell yu the truth.
既然你在这儿，我可不得不把真相告诉你了。
考点五、与感觉、情绪或情感有关的及物动词的分词
英语中有许多与情感、感觉或心理有关的及物动词，这些动词经常以现在分词或过去分词形式出现，在句中作定语或表语。现在分词形式主动意义，意思是“令人有某种感觉”，其中的现在分词与中心词之间的逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词有被动意义，意思是“感到……，人被引起某种感觉”。一般由表示情感或心理状态的动词转化而来的过去分词作定语时，通常不可以修饰无生命物，而现在分词修饰多修饰物，但是需要视具体情况而定，部分此类过去分词已经完全形容词化，常见这类过去分词有：disappint/ mve/ excite/use/ encurage/ surprise/ satisfy/ interest/ puzzle/ tire/ frighten/ mve/ please等。如：下列的过去分词：disappinted （失望的）/ mved（感动的）/ interested（感兴的）/ tuched（被感动的）/ surprised（感到惊讶的）/ shcked（震惊的、震撼的）/ puzzled（迷惑不解的）/ frightened（受惊吓的）等等。考例：
a frightened driver 吓坏了的司机
a disappinted girl 感到失望的女孩
1. (北京春招XXXX)Mr. Smith, ______ f the ______ speech, started t read a nvel.
*A. tired; bring B. tiring; bred C. tired; bred D. tiring; bring
点拨：(be) tired f 的意思是“厌倦……”，过去分词短语在句中作原因状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语Mr. Smith；现在分词bring的意思是“令人厌烦的”，修饰词speech指物。
2. (京皖试题XXXX)--- I’m very _____ with my wn cking. It lks nice and smells delicius.
--- Mm, it des have a _____ smell.
A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant *D. pleased; pleasant
附：赏英语谚语 学—ing
A clean hand wants n washing.清白的人无需为自己洗刷。
If thing culd be btained merely by wishing fr them, pr peple wuld be rich.
如果梦想能自动实现，叫花子都能发财了。
It’s n safe wading in an unknwn water.不知水深浅，千万莫轻涉。
It’s n use crying ver spilt milk.事已至此，再哭也无用。
By ding nthing we learn t d ill.一闲生百邪。
A man may lve his huse well withut riding n the ridge.一个人可以欣赏自己的房子而没有必要在屋顶上夸耀。
He wh wuld catch fish must nt mind getting wet.想抓鱼就不能怕水。
There is n accunting fr tastes.人各有所爱。
Cnstant drpping wears away a stne.滴水穿石；只要工夫深，铁杵磨成针。
Yu can’t make an melette（煎蛋） withut breaking eggs.有失才有得。
Clumsy birds have t start flying early.笨鸟先飞。
Cming events cast their shadws befre them.事发之前必有先兆。
牛刀小试
第一组练习：
(XXXX上海) Thugh _______ mney, his parents managed t send him t university.
A. lacked B. lacking f C. lacking D. lacked in
(XXXX上海) Dn’t use wrds, expressins, r phrases ____ nly t peple with specific knwledge.
A. being knwn B. having been knwn C. t be knwn D. knwn
(NMETXXXX) The research is s designed that nce ______ nthing can be dne t change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
(XXXX上海春招) When ________, the museum will be pen t the public next year.
A. cmpleted B. cmpleting C. being cmpleted D. t be cmpleted
(XXXX京皖春招) Prices f daily gds _____ thrugh a cmputer can be lwer than stre prices.
A. are bught B. bught C. being bught D. buying
(XXXX上海) The bell _______ the end f he perid rang, _______ ur heated discussin.
A. indicating… interrupting B. indicated… interrupted
C. indicating… interrupted D. indicated… interrupted
(NMETXXXX) As we jined the big crwd I gt _____ frm my parents.
A. separated B. spared C. lst D. missed
(NMETXXXX) ______ such pllutin already, it may nw be t late t clear up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. T suffer D. Suffered
(XXXX上海春招) ______frm heart truble fr years, prfessr White has t take sme medicine with him whenever he ges.
A. suffered B. suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered
(XXXX上海春招) He sent me an e-mail, _____ t get further infrmatin.
A. hped B. hping C. t hpe D. hpe
(XXXX上海) _______ in 1636, Harvard is ne f the mst famus universities in the United States.
A. Being funded B. It was funded C. Funded D. Funding
(XXXX上海) The ______ by was last seen _____ near the East Lake.
A. missing…playing B. missing…play
C. missed…played D. missed… t play
(XXXX京皖春招) The picture ______ n the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
(XXXX京皖春招) ______ the general state f his health, it may take him a while t recver frm the peratin.
A. Given B. T give C. Giving D. Having given
(NMETXXXX) The managers discussed the plan that they wuld like t see ____ the next year.
A. carry ut B. carrying ut C. carried ut D. t carry ut
(NMETXXXX) When I gt back hme I saw a message pinned t the dr ______ “Srry t miss yu; will call later.”
A. read B. reads C. t read D. reading
(XXXX上海) The lady said she wuld buy a gift fr her daughter with the _______.
A. 20 dllars remained B. 20 dllars t remain C. remained 20 dllars D. remaining 20 dllars
(NMETXXXX) Cleaning wmen in big cities usually get ______ by the hur.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. t pay
(NMETXXXX) Eurpean ftball is played in 80 cuntries, ________ it the mst ppular sprt in the wrld.
A. making B. makes C. made D. t make
(NMETXXXX) The Olympic Games, _____ in 776 B.C., did nt include wmen players until 1912.
first playing B. t be first played C. first played D. t be first playing
(NMETXXXX) __________ in thught, he almst ran int the car in frnt f him.
A. Lsing B. Having lst C. Lst D. T lse
(NMETXXXX) The first textbks _______ fr teaching English as a freign language came ut in the 16th century.
A. having written B. t be written C. being written D. written
(NMETXXXX) The visiting Minister expressed his satisfactin with the talks, ________ that he had enjyed his stay here.
A. having added B. t add C. adding D. added
(NMETXXXX) The missing bys were last seen _____ near the river.
A. playing B. t be playing C. play D. t play
(METXXXX) “Can’t yu read?” Mary said _____ t the ntice.
A. angrily pinting B. and pint angrily C. angrily pinted D. and angrily pinting
第二组练习：
1. Mst f the prfessrs ______ t the cnference were frm Beijing University.
A. invitedB. t invite C. being invited D. had been invited
2. ______mre water, the flwers culd have grwn better.
A. T give B. Giving C. Having givenD. Given
3. The thief was brught in, with his hands ______behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. t be tied D. tied
4. The teacher raised his vice but still culdn’t make himself ______.
A. hearB. t hearC. heardD. hearing
5. The lady sclded the by caught ______and let him ff
A. t have stlen B. stealingC. t be stealingD. t steal
6. On a ______mrning the little match girl was fund ______at the crner f the street.
A. freezing, freezingB. freezing, frzen C. frzen, frzenD. frzen, freezing
7. We went in and fund the rm ______.
A. prly furnishedB. pr furniture C. well furnishingD. t be furnished badly
8. I’m srry t have kept yu ______s lng.
A. waitB. t waitC. waitedD. waiting
9. The travelers std n the hillside and lked at the sun ______.
A. risenB. raisedC. risingD. raising
10. He wuld sit alne and listen t Mary ______the pian.
A. t playB. playingC. playedD. t playing
11. This experience made him ______the study f science.
A. interest in B. t interest inC. interesting inD. interested in
12. ______a reply, I decided t write anther letter.
A. Nt receivingB. Receiving nt C. Nt having receivedD. Having nt received
13. “Can’t yu see?” he said ______t the film being shwn.
A. angrily pintingB. and pint angrily C. angrily pintedD. and angrily pinting
14. The new library, ______last mnth, is very ppular amng the students and teachers in this schl.
A. penB. peningC. having penedD. pened
15. We set ut at 9:00 ______hme at 10:30.
A. arrivingB. t arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived
16. The missing by was last seen ______basketball n the playgrund.
A. playingB. t be playing C. playD. t play
17. The general manager expressed his satisfactin with the business talks ______that he wanted t strengthen the cperatin.
A. having added B. t add C. adding D. added
18. ______in thught, he almst ran int a passing truck.
A. LsingB. Having lstC. LstD. T lse
19. A fire brke ut in the building and it sent ______ut f the building.
A. everyne runningB. every t run C. everyne t fleeD. everyne fled
20. We walked as fast as we culd, ______t catch the 9:30 train.
A. t hpeB. hpingC. hpedD. being hped
21. Night ______, we hurried hme.
A. fellB. fallingC. fallen D. fall
22. ______a fine day, we decided t g swimming in the cake.
A. BeingB. It beingC. It isD. It was
23. Why d yu stand and watch the milk ______ver?
A. bilingB. biledC. t bilD. being biled
24. ––Wh are thse peple with the banner?
––A grup ______itself the League fr peace.
A. callingB. callsC. calledD. is called
25. Hell ______, he reached ut his hand.
A. saidB. sayingC. talked abut D. talking abut
26. Can yu get the clck ______again?
A. gB. gingC. gneD. t be ging
27. Befre he came t Lndn, he had never heard a single English wrd___.
A. speakingB. speak C. spken D. t speak
28. ______, but he still culdn’t understand it.
A. He had been tld many times.B. Having been tld many times.
C. Tld many timesD. Althugh he had been tld many times.
29. ______，they all went t their wn ffices.
A. With the prblem slvingB. With the prblem slved
C. The prblem slveD. After slved the prblem
30. On hearing the bad news, he gt up quickly ____ the lunch unfinished.
A. leave B. left C. t leave D. leaving
31. The speaker raised his vice but still culdn’t make himself _______.
A. t hear B. heard C. hearing D. hear
32. The city used t be a small ne then, _____ t what it is nw.
A. cmparing B. t cmpare C. being cmpared D. cmpared
33. When _____, the museum will be pen t the public next year.
A. cmpleted B. cmpleting C. being cmpleted D. t be cmpleted
34. ________ cmputer games, Li Hua can’t help spending t much spare time surfing the Internet.
A. Addicting t B. Addicted t C. Having addicted D. T addict
35. G t Paris, and yu will find the places f interest there are mre attractive than cmmnly _______.
A. t suppse B. t be suppsed C. suppsing D. suppsed
36. Mr. Brwn was much disappinted t see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrng again.
A. repair B. it repaired C. repaired D. t be repaired
37. _____ cmfrtably in her armchair, the ld lady enjyed light music n the MP3 with her eyes half ______.
A. Seated; clsed B. Sat; clsing C. Seating; clsed D. Sitting; clse
38. Put the _____ glass int the dustbin in time, r yu may have yur fingers____.
A. breaking; cut B. brken; t cut C. breaking; t cut D. brken; cut
39. The news that Tian Liang wn the men’s 10m synchrnized platfrm title at the 28th Athens Olympic Games made us _______.
A. excite B. exciting C. excited D. t excite
40.Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid yu wn’t have time t ____ befre the party. (NMETXXXX I)
A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get t change
参考答案及解题思路点拨：
第一组练习
KEY：1-5 CDDAB 6-10 AAACB 11-15 CABAC 16-20 DDCAC 21-25 CDCAA
点拨1： 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致，如果分词的动作是由句子的主语发出的，就用现在分词。如果句子的主语是分词动作的对象，则要用过去分词，在时间上表示动作已经完成，在语态上表示过去分词与其逻辑主语，即句子的主语之间是被动关系；通常可以表示时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的等，表示先于或同时于谓语动词的动作。如：10）11）19） 21）23）25） 。
点拨2： 现在分词的完成式构成是having+dne，表示分词的动作发生在句子的谓语动词动作之前，如8）9）（要注意现在分词的完成式不可以作定语）。其中第8）题的是悬垂分词，即分词的逻辑主语并不是句子的主语。
点拨3：在thugh/ as /while/ when/ if/ till/ until/ unless/ as if/ as thugh等引导的状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致，或是it+be… 结构，则可以省掉主语而用“连词＋Ｖing或Ved (形容词、副词、介词短语等)”，这种用法与分词或分词短语作状语需与句子的逻辑主语保持一致是相符的。如：１） ３） ４）。
点拨4： 分词作定语时，单个分词一般放在被修饰词之前，而分词短语作定语应置于被修饰词之后。与被修饰词之间是主动关系时，用现在分词，表示动作正在发生或经常发生；与被修饰词之间是被动关系时，用过去分词，表示动作已经发生。如：2） 5） 6） 12） 13） 14） 16） 17） 20） 22）
点拨5：由于分词具有形容词的性质，因此分词或分词短语还可以作表语，过去分词作表语时，其动作含义已经弱化。如7）18），句中的gets实际上是系动词，相当于be动词。
点拨6：分词还可以作作see/ hear/ get/ leave/ find等词的宾语补足语。如：12）15） 24）。
第二组练习：
KEY: 1-5 ADDCB 6-10 BADCB 11-15 DCADD 16-20 ACCAB 21-25 BBAAA 26-30 BCABC 31-35 BDABD 36-40 CADCA
1. 点拨：选A 过去分词短语定语
2. 点拨：选D 过去分词短语作条件状语，且与主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系
3. 点拨：选D 过去分词在With的复合结构中作宾补。
4. 点拨：选C 作宾补与himself存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
5. 点拨：选B catch sb ding sth 撞见某人在做…；caught stealing是过去分词短语作定语。
6. 点拨：选B freezing寒冷的 frzen作主补 构成逻辑的动宾关系
7. 点拨：选A 作宾补构成动宾关系
8. 点拨：选D 作宾补与yu构成主谓关系。
9. 点拨：选C 同第8题
10. 点拨：选B 现在分词短语作宾补
11. 点拨：选D 形容词短语作宾补
12. 点拨：选C 现在分词短语作状语，用完成式表其动作发生在谓语动作之前。
13. 点拨：选A 分词短词作伴随状语，且与主语构成主谓关系。
14. 点拨：选D 过去分词短语作非限定性定语
15. 点拨：选D and连接两个并列谓语，表示两个先后的动作。
16. 点拨：选A 作主补，表示男孩在被他人看见时正在做的动作。
17. 点拨：选C 作伴随状语，表示主语在谓语expressed发生时所做的另一动作。
18. 点拨：选C lst in thught作原因状语。
19. 点拨：选A 复合宾语，且分词与宾语构成主谓关系
20. 点拨：选B 分词短语作伴随状语。
21. 点拨：选B 独立主格结构作状语，fall为不及物动词。
22. 点拨：选B 独立主格作状语，若选A，无逻辑主语。
23. 点拨：选A 作宾补，表示牛奶正溢出。
24. 点拨：选A 分词短语作定语，这里表示“称自己为…”所以用现在分词
25. 点拨：选A 独立主格结构作状语
26. 点拨：选B get sth ding使某物（由静止）成为某种状态
27. 点拨：选C 过去分词作宾补
28. 点拨：选A 由but连接的并列句
29. 点拨：选B with 的复合结构作状语
30. 点拨：选D. leaving为现在分词作结构状语。
31. 思路点拨：make neself dne的意思是“使自己被……”，过去分词作宾语补足语，本题选B。
32. 思路点拨：cmpare…t (with)…“与……比较”，the city是cmpare的动作对象，在句中是其逻辑主语，所以用过去分词，故选D。
33. 点拨：当when/ while/ if/ thugh等引导的主语从句的主语与句子的主语一致时，可以省掉从句的主语和be动词，从而形成“连词+ing/ Ved/原表语”结构，museum是cmplete动作的受动者，所以用过去分词，故选A。
34. 点拨：短语be addicted t的意思是“沉迷于…”,句子的主语Li Hua就是短语的逻辑主语，故选B。
35. 点拨：在上下文意义比较明确的情况下，比较状语从句可以用省略形式。根据句意补全是“they are cmmnly suppsed”,故选D。
36. 点拨：考查have sth. dne结构。“(that) she had had ____”是定语从句，修饰先行词“washing machine”，前一个had是构成过去完成时的助动词，后一个had是使役动词，宾语就是省掉的关系代词that，所以选C。句意是“布朗先生非常失望看到他让人修的洗衣机又坏了”。
37. 点拨：及物动词seat表示“使就坐”通常用sb.作宾语，或是用作被动语态be seated。句子的主语指人，所以用seat过去分词作状语，表示“闭着”状态形容词是clsed，而clse作形容词意思是“势均力敌的、亲密的”不合题意，故选A。
38. 点拨：brken是break的过去分词，在句中作定语; have sth. dne结构还可以表示“使主语遭受某种损失”，故选D。
39. 点拨：像excite/ mve/ disappint/ frighten/ shck/ surprise等表示情感或心理活动的动词的现在分词多修饰物，意思是“令人……”，过去分词多修饰人，意思是“感到……”，句中make后用过去分词宾语补足语修饰us，故选C。
40. 点拨：过去分词可以作表语，仍然保留有被动意义，根据语境get changed的意思是“换衣服”，故选A。
语态
类别
及 物 动 词 d
不及物动g
（主动语态）
主动语态
被动语态
时间意义
语态意义
现在
分词
一般式
ding
being dne
与谓语动做同时或
几乎同时发生
根据主动或被动形式
ging
完成式
having dne
having been
dne
发生在谓语动词
动作之前
根据主动或被动形式
having
gne
过去分词
dne
表示动作完成
被动意义
dne