高考英语语法词汇专项突破：15全解读非谓语动词之动名词+巩固练习及答案与解析

这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：15全解读非谓语动词之动名词+巩固练习及答案与解析，共12页。
动名词在句中的功能
作主语、宾语、表语、定语
三、动名词的复合结构
[动名词考题展示]
【考例1】（2021全国甲卷）After _________ (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin.
答案与解析：spending。考查动名词作介词宾语。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。要注意通常不定式不作介词宾语。故填spending。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。
【考例2】（2021全国乙卷）Minimize the impact f _________(visit)the place.
答案与解析：visiting。考查动名词作介词宾语。根据空格前介词f可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词f的宾语。故填visiting。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。
【考例3】(2019天津卷)_________t think critically is an imprtant skill tday's children will need fr the future.
A.LearnB.Learned C.LearningD.Having learned
答案与解析：C。考查非谓语动词之动名词作主语。根据题干的is 可知前面整个部分是主语，备选项的A，B分别是谓语动词和过去分词，不可以作主语。D像是现在分词的完成时，根据句子的意思可以看出是动名词的一般式表示泛指的概念，所以用动名词作主语。故选C。
【考例4】(2018天津卷)I didn't mean_________ anything but the ice cream lked s gd that I culdn't help_________ it.
A.t eat； t tryB.eating； tryingC.eating； t tryD.t eat； trying
答案与解析：D。考查非谓语动词不定式和动名词。句意：我并不想吃任何东西，但是冰淇淋看起来太好吃了，我忍不住试了试。mean t d sth.打算做某事；can't help ding忍不住做某事，如果用can’t help (t) d sth.意思是“不能帮着做某事”。根据句中前面“并不想吃东西”及其转折词but可以看出是没有控制住，因此用can't help ding表示“忍不住做某事”。
【考例5】（XXXX年上海高考试题）Accrding t a recent U.S. survey, children spend up t 25 hurs a week _____ TV.
A. t watch
B. t watching *C. watching D. watch
答案与解析：D。 考查动名词作介词宾语。本题是句型sb. spend time/mney (in) ding sth.，考查动名词作介词宾语。
动名词一直是历年高考试题热点，在XXXX年出现的部分省市自行命题的试题中表现也比较突出。本文将结合部分高考试题解析近年动名词考点中的热点，以帮助广大考生把握该考点的命题思路，以不变应万变。为了便于同学们理解，本节讲解中涉及到的部分高考试题中的正确选项已经放在了原题干上，但是部分试题仍然给出被选项，目的是让同学们体会高考试题的命题思路（题干中的斜体部分即是原正确选项）
动名词具有动词和名词的特点。动词特点体现在可以有自己的宾语、状语、补足语，有时态和语态的变化；名词特点体现在可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
[动名词考点详解]
一、动名词的时态、语态和否定
动名词时态有一般式和完成式，语态有主动式和被动式以及否定形式。以及物动词 d为例，列表说明如下：
I.一般式表示与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发生；完成式表示动作先于谓语动词完成。如：
D yu like playing chess? 你喜欢下棋吗？
She was pleased that the teacher wasn’t angry with her fr having been s rude. 她很高兴老师没有因为她的无礼而生气。
II.语态主要看与逻辑主语的关系。如果逻辑主语是动名词动作的执行者就用主动形式，是动名词动作的承受者就用被动形式。如：
(METXXXX) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ________.
A. catching B. t be caught *C. being caught D. t catch
解析：miss“错过”只可以跟动名词作宾语，而逻辑主语squirrel是catch的动作对象，也就是动作的承受者，用动名词的被动形式，所以选C。
III.否定形式是在动名词前直接加上nt。如：
(上海春招XXXX) Victr aplgized fr his nt being able t infrm me f the change in the plan.
A. his being nt able B. him nt t be able
C. his nt being able D. him t be nt able
(NMETXXXX) I must aplgize fr nt letting yu knw ahead f time.
A. letting yu nt knw B. nt letting yu knw
C. letting yu knw nt D. letting nt yu knw
二、动名词在句中的功能
I. 作主语
1．谓语动词通常用单数。如：
Reciting is necessary in learning a language.
在学习一门语言时，背诵是必需的。
Facing up t yur prblems rather than running away frm them is the best apprach t wrking things ut. 直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。
2．表示经常的、习惯的动作或情况，抽象的、泛指的概念，而不定式更倾向某一次特定的、具体的动作。而不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。如：
1) (NMETXXXX) Walking is a gd frm f exercise fr bth yung and ld.
A. The walk B. Walking C. T walk D. Walk
2) (上海XXXX) Once yur business becmes internatinal, flying cnstantly will be part f yur life.
A. yu fly B. yur flight C. flight D. flying
3.为了避免“头重脚轻”，可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的动名词主语后置。常用句型是It’s a waste (f time…)/ n(little) gd/ use，It is useless ding...，另外还有一些特定句型中用动名词：There is n pint ding... ，there is n denying等。如：
1) It’s n use making an excuse fr this. 为此找借口是没用的。
2) It’s a waste f time talking abut such a thing.论这种事情是浪费时间。
3）It's n use cmplaining withut taking actin.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。
4)I'm an engine-driver, as yu well may see, and there's n denying it's terribly dirty wrk. 我是一名火车司机，正如你所看到的，不可否认，这是一项非常脏的工作。
5) There is n pint saying yu run marathns, if yu are ging t be ut f breath arriving at the interview n the secnd flr. 如果你跑到二楼面试都喘不过气来，那么你说你常跑马拉松就毫无意义了。
II.作表语
动名词作表语主要表示主语的具体内容，基本上可以把主语与表语倒过来理解。如果表示与动名词主语等同或类似情况，表语通常用动名词。如：
1) Seeing is believing (T see is t believe). 眼见为实
2) Denying this will be shutting ne’s eyes t fact.否认这一点就是闭起眼睛不正视现实。
提示：如果表语是表示目的、愿望、计划或某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，表语通常用不定式。如：
My purpse(wish/ hpe/ plan/ idea…) is t climb the muntain frm the suth. 我的目的（愿望/希望/计划/主意……）是从南麓爬山。
III．作宾语
1．有些动词只可以跟动名词作宾语。像advise/cnsider(考虑)/admit/ allw/suggest(建议)/ finish/ appreciate/mind/ imagine/ deny(否认)/enjy/ keep(n)/ practise/ understand / permit/ miss(错过)/ excuse/ escape/ avid/ risk(冒险)/ give up/ put ff/insist n/ can’t help(禁不住)等。如：
1) (江苏XXXX)The man insisted ______ a taxi fr me even thugh I tld him I lived nearby. (江苏XXXX)
A. find B. t find *C. n finding D. in finding
2）(上海XXXX) I really appreciate having time t relax with yu n this nice island.
A. t have bad time B. having time C. t have time D. t having time
为了大家能够准确的记住常用的可以跟动名词作宾语的及物动词，为同学们提供一首顺口溜，以帮助同学们记忆。诗曰：
喜欢考虑不可免，（enjy/ cnsider/ escape/ avid）
停止放弃太冒险。(stp/ give up/ risk)
承认理解很值得，(admit/ understand/ be wrth)
反对想象莫推延。(mind/ imagine/ delay/ put ff)
要求完成是期望，(require/ finish/ lk frward t)
建议继续勤操练。(suggest/ g n/ practise)
不禁原谅要坚持，(can’t help/ excuse/ insist n)
继续注意便成功。(keep n/ mind/ succeed in)
2．有些动词跟动名词和不定式作宾语意义不同
1) remember/ frget/regret 跟动名词表示动名词动作发生在谓语动词之前；跟不定式表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之后。如：
(1) (NMETXXXX) --- Yu were brave enugh t raise bjectins at the meeting.
--- Well, nw I regret having dne that.
A. t d B. t be ding C. t have dne D. having dne
(2) (上海XXXX) --- Let me tell yu smething abut the jurnalists.
--- Dn’t yu remember telling me the stry yesterday?
2) try ding表示“试着做某事”；try t d表示“努力做某事”。如：
(METXXXX) --- I usually g there by train.
--- Why nt try ging by bat fr a change.
A. t try ging B. trying t g
C. t try and g D. try ging
3) mean t d“打算做某事”；mean ding“意思是，意味着”。如：
(上海春招XXXX) In sme f Lndn, missing a bus means waiting fr anther hur.
A. waiting B. t wait C. wait D. t be waiting
4) stp/g n ding“停止/继续做某事”；stp/g n t d“停止/继续以便做另一件事”，不定式表目的。如：
(METXXXX) She reached the tp f the hill and stpped ______ n a big rck by the side f the path.
A. t have rested B. resting *C. t rest D. rest
3．require/ need/ want/ deserve/ be wrth跟动名词主动形式表示被动含义。如：
(METXXXX) The library needs cleaning, but it’ll have t wait until Sunday.
2) (METXXXX) --- What d yu think f the bk?
--- Oh, excellent. It’s wrth reading a secnd time.
4．动名词也可以作介词的宾语。尤其要注意一些含介词 t的短语，要与不定式分清，像lead t/devte t/ be used t/ bject t/ lk frward t/ get dwn t等。如：
(上海XXXX) The discvery f new evidence led t the thief being caught.
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief t be caught
(京皖春招XXXX) One learns a language by making mistakes and crrecting them.
A. crrect B. crrecting C. crrects D. t crrect
(上海春招XXXX) Mr. Reed made up his mind t devte all he had t setting up sme schls fr pr children.
A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
5． 在一些固定句型中，动名词作介词宾语，其中介词有时可以省掉。常用结构有：What abut ding sth.？
have truble(difficulty, prblem, pleasure, a gd time, a hard time) ding sth.
prevent(stp, keep)…frm ding
prtect…frm ding
spend(waste)…(in) ding sth.
be busy (in) ding sth. 如：
1) (福建XXXX) Having been ill in bed fr nearly a mnth, he had a hard time _____ the exam.
A. pass B. t pass C. passed *D. passing
2) (METXXXX) D yu have any truble in finding the pst ffice?
IV．作定语
动名词作定语时，如果是单个动名词通常置于被修饰名词之前，表示被修饰名词的用途或性能。如：
a swimming rm 游泳池 a walking stick 拐杖
an answering machine 录音电话 an perating table 手术台
三、动名词的复合结构
动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语，从而构成动名词的复合结构。动名词所带的逻辑主语通常是形容词性物主代词、宾格代词、名词所有格或普通格，如果逻辑主语是无生命物，则只用普通格（宾格）。动名词的复合结构作主语时，通常使用名词的所有格或形容词性物主代词。如：
1. (上海春招XXXX) _______ the meeting himself gave them a great deal f encuragement.
A. The president will attend B. The president t attend
C. The president attended *D. The president’s attending
2. (上海XXXX) What wrried the child mst was ____ t visit his mther in the hspital.
A. his nt allwing *B. his nt being allwed
C. his being nt allwed D. having nr been allwed
巩固练习及答案与解析：
(上海XXXX) While shpping, peple smetimes can’t help ____ int buying smething they dn’t really need.
A. t persuade B. persuading
C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
(北京XXXX) --- Hw d yu deal with the disagreement between the cmpany and the custmers?
--- The key _____ the prblem is t meet the demand ____ by the custmers.
A. t slving; making B. t slving; made
C. t slve; making D. t slve; made
3. (上海XXXX) She lks frward every spring t ____ the flwer-lined garden.
A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in
4. (METXXXX) Hw abut the tw f us ____ a walk dwn the garden?
A. t take B. take C. taking D. t be taking
(上海XXXX) --- What d yu think made Mary s upset?
--- _______ her new bicycle.
A. As she lst B. Lst C. Lsing D. Because f lsing
All the managers present agreed that the matter required _____.
A. t lk int B. being lked int
C. t be lked int D. lking int
We dn’t allw anyne _____ here. Well, I hate t say it again. We dn’t allw _____ here.
A. t smke; smking B. smking; t smke
C. t smke; t smke D. smking; smking
They thught there is n truble ____ their favrite brand frm ther brands.
A. t tell B. telling C. tell D. tld
Sme birds finally reach hme by accidentally _____ landmarks which they recgnize.
A. t cme acrss B. cming arund
C. cming acrss D. t cme arund
Millin f punds have been spent ____ the free state educatin system in Britain.
A. n imprving B. in imprving
C. t imprve D. t have imprved
A large glass f water befre yu eat may help ____ t excited befre delicius fds.
A. t keep yu frm getting B. t carry yu frm getting
C. t prevent yu t get D. t stp yu t get
_______fr schl nce in a while ften makes Mr. Smith angry.
A. Tm being late B. Tm t be late
C. Fr Tm being late D. Tm’s being late
13.The final examinatin is cming up sn. It’s time fr us t _______ging ver ur lessns.
A. get dwn t B. try ur best t
C. make an effrt t D. make up ur minds t
14．I wuldn’t advise _______ there by bus, because it is t crwded.
A. gB. t gC. t gingD. ging
15. We dn’t allw ______ in this rm.
A. smking B. t smkeC. peple smking D. peple t smking
16. Yu shuldn’t allw _____ games near the classrm, fr it’s t nisy.
A. students playing B. t play
C. students t play D. t playing
17. N ne enjys _____ fun f in public.
A. making B. being madeC. t be madeD. t make
18. Have yu frgtten _____ a ruler frm Betty? Please remember _____ it t her tmrrw.
A. brrwing, t returnB. brrwing, returning
C. t brrw, t returnD. t brrw, returning
19. The match was canceled because mst f the members _____ a match withut a standard curt.
A. bjected t havingB. bjected t have
C. were bjected t haveD. were bjected t having
20. I culdn’t help _____ by the beauty f the West burst.
A. striking B. being struckC. burstingD. being Lake
21. I appreciate _____ me during the debate.
A. f yur supprtingB. yu t supprt
C. yur supprtingD. t yur supprting
22. The wrkers favur _____ funds t build the bridge.
A. t raiseB. raisingC. raisedD. rising
23. After a lng delay I finally gt rund _____ the letter.
A. t writeB. writingC. t writingD. in writing
24. N ne is permitted t enter the hall withut first _____ his identificatin card.
A. having shw B. being shw C. shwingD. having shwn
25. D yu ever have any truble _____ the path thrugh the frest?
A. t findB. findingC. with findingD. t finding
26. They insisted n _____ a thrugh rest befre ging back t wrk.
A. him t takeB. he tkC. his takingD. his taken
27. Wh culd have imagined such a sweet—tempered girl as Alice _____ such a thing!
A. dingB. t d C. will dD. des
28. He likes _____. But he desn’t like _____tday because it is t cld.
A. t swim, t swimB. swimming, swimming
C. t swim, swimmingD. swimming, t swim
29. We were surprised at _____ the exam.
A. him nt passB. his passing nt
C. his nt passing D. him nt t pass
30. It is n use _____ ver split milk.
A. cry B. t cryC. cryingD. be crying
31. It is n gd _____ thers’ shrtcmings.
A. t jke abutB. t jke with
C. jking withD. jking abut
32. He didn’t feel like _____ s he suggested _____ the day in the garden.
A. wrking spendingB. t wrk, t spend
C. wrking, t spendD. t wrk, spending
参考答案与思路点拨：
KEY：1-5 CBDCC 6-10 DABCB 11-15 ADADA 16-20 CBAAB 21-25 CBCCB
26-30 AADCC 31-32 DA
1．点拨：can’t help表示“禁不住”的意思时跟动词ing形式，排除A、D。根据句意是“被说服买并不真正需要的东西”可知用被动语态，故选C。
2．点拨：key后的t是介词,表示“……的”，所以用动词ing形式作介词宾语，排除C、D。名词demand是make的动作对象，两者之间是动宾关系，所以当demand作被修饰词时要哟奶奶感被动语态，故选B。
3．点拨：lk frward t ding sth.的意思是“渴望做某事”，其中的t是介词，跟跟动词ing形式作宾语，故选D。如果B项改为paying a visit t则可以选。
4．点拨：hw/what abut中的abut是介词，所以跟名词、代词或跟动词ing形式作宾语，故选C。
5．点拨：根据特殊疑问句可知所填的词应该能代替问句中的what，而what在特殊疑问句子里作主语，A、B、D都不可以作主语，故选C，看作是动词ing形式作主语，可以理解为：Lsing her new bicycle made Mary s upset。
6．点拨：根据句意此处的require的意思是“需要”，当其表示“需要”的意思是，跟动词ing的主动形式表示被动意义，故选D，句意是“在场的所有经理都同意这个事情需要调查”。
7．点拨：allw跟动词ing形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，即allw sb. t d sth.表示“允许某人做某事”，根据句意“我们不允许任何人在这儿抽烟，好了，我不想再说了。我们不准抽烟。”
8．点拨：本题是考查句型：sb. have truble/ difficulty (in) ding sth.“某人做某事有困难”，其中的介词in可以省掉，故选B。
9．点拨：介词by跟动词ing形式可以作状语，表示方式或手段，cme acrss的意思是“v.来到, 偶遇”，故选C。句意是：一些鸟是通过偶然的认出（树木、建筑等）明显的目标而终于到家了”。
10．点拨：本句是句型：sb. spend time/mney (in) ding sth.“某人花多少时间或金钱做某事”，其中的介词in可以省掉，故选B。
11．点拨：表示“阻止某人做某事”用stp/prevent/keep sb. frm ding sth.，对于stp和prevent两个词来说，在主动语态中可以把介词 frm省掉，用stp/prevent sb. ding sth.，但是不可以用不定式，故选A。
12.点拨：根据句中的谓语动词makes可以断定用非谓语动词作主语，而句中的时间状语nce in a while暗示出迟到对Tm来说是一种习惯性、经常性的事情，所以用动词ing形式作主语，而在ing作为名词时，作主语的动名词复合结构用所有格形式，故选D。
13. 点拨：B、C、D三个选项中的t都是不定式的标志，try ur best t d sth.的意思是“努力/尽力做某事”，make an effrt t d sth.意思是同try ur best t d sth.，make up ur minds t的意思是“下决心做某事”，get dwn t （ding）sth.的意思是“开始认真考虑/做某事”，其中的t是介词，所以跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语，故选A。
14．点拨：选D 动名词作宾语
15. 点拨：选A allw跟动名词作宾语，跟不定式作宾语补足语，故选A。
16. 点拨：选C 不定式作宾补
17. 点拨：选B 动名词的被动式作宾语
18. 点拨：选A frget＋动名词表示“忘记做过某事” remember＋不定式表示“记得要做某事”
19. 点拨： 选A bject t表示“反对” t为介词
20. 点拨：选B can’t help表示“禁不住”时跟动名词作宾语
21. 点拨：选C 动名词复合结构作宾语
22. 点拨：选B 动名词作宾语
23. 点拨：选C get arund t 设法找时间干某事，t为介词
24. 点拨：选C 动名词作介宾
25. 点拨：选B have truble(in) ding sth.
26. 点拨：选C 动名词复合结构作宾语
27. 点拨：选A 动名词的复合结构作宾语
28. 点拨：选D like+ V-ing表示习惯性动作 like+ t d表示具体的动作
29. 点拨：选C 动名词复合结构的否定式作介宾
30. 点拨：选C It is n gd/n use + v-ing 表示一般性行为
31. 点拨：选D 句型“It’s n gd ding sth”的意思是“做某事是没有好处的/无益的”，短语jke abut的意思是“拿……开玩笑”，故选D。
32. 点拨：选A 动名词作宾语
语态
时态
主 动
被 动
一般式
ding
being dne
完成式
having dne
having been dne
否定式
nt ding
nt having dne
nt being dne
nt having been dne