高考英语语法词汇专项突破：06表解过去分词作状语和定语与非谓语动词辨析+巩固训练

这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：06表解过去分词作状语和定语与非谓语动词辨析+巩固训练，共10页。
Part1：聚焦过去分词作状语和定语
【高考链接1】
【考例1】（2023▪全国甲卷）Behind the simple style, hwever, is a serius message (intend) fr everyne.
答案与解析：intended。考查非谓语动词之过去分词作定语be intended fr打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。
【考例2】（2022年浙江6月卷）Blind peple recgnize shapes with their existing senses, in a way similar t that f _____ (sight )peple, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
答案与解析：sighted。考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词peple，表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填sighted。
【考例3】（2021浙江1月卷）Tn 1985，urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries (study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas.
答案与解析：studied。考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是cuntries，表被动关系，应该使用过去分词作定语。故填studied。
【高考链接2】
1. (XXXX上海卷) The rare fish, _________ frm the cking pt, has been returned t the sea.
A. savedB. savingC. t be saved D. having saved
2.（XXXX·湖南卷）The players ______frm the whle cuntry are expected t bring us hnr in this summer game .
A. selecting B. t select C. selected D. having selected
3.（XXXX·天津卷）______ int English, the sentence was fund t have an entirely different wrd rder.
A. Translating B. Translated C. T translate D. Having translated
4.( XXXX全国卷II 11)Thugh ______ t see us，the prfessr gave us a warm welcme。
A. surprise B was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised
Keys: 1-4 ACBC
【点拨】题1考查的是过去分词作限制性定语；题2考查的是过去分词作非限制性定语；题3考查的是过去分词作时间状语；题4考查的是过去分词作让步状语。
【用法归纳】
一、过去分词(短语)作状语用法：

二、过去分词 (短语) 作定语用法：
【即时演练】
用括号内所给单词的过去分词形式完成下列句子。
1. If ________(给机会). I'll d my best t meet yur requirements and I am sure I'll be benefited in return. (give)
2. __________(由于对医学深感兴趣), she decided t becme a dctr.（interest）
3. ______(从一个三十层楼的楼顶上看), Beijing lks mre magnificent. (see)
4. The prblem _________ (在昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult t slve.(discuss)
5. Sme f them, _________(在农村出生并长大), had never been t Beijing. (bear, bring up).
6. _________(鉴于他身体的整体情况)，it may take him a while t recver frm the peratin. (give)
7. He fell ff a tall tree, _______(腿摔断了).(break)
8. _______(知母亲生病了时), Li Lei hurried hme quickly.(tell)
9. _______(由于老师对他所做的事情很满意), the teacher praised him in class. (satisfy)
10. Sme f the peple _______(受邀请参加晚会) can’t cme.（invite）
11. _____(一旦完工), this pwer statin supplies the nearby twns and villages with electricity.(cmplete)
12. The Olympic Games, _______(首次在公元前776年举行), did nt include wmen cmpetitrs until1912. (hld)
13. _______(所有坏了的窗户) have been repaired.(break)
14. Near the windw, there is a________(装满书的书架). (fill)
15. A girl, ________(穿着像学生), came in and sat beside me. (dress)
16. The thief sat in the crner, with________________ (双手绑在椅子上）(die)
Keys:
1. given the pprtunity 2. Deeply interested in medicine
3. Seen frm the tp f a thirty-streyed building 4. discussed at the meeting yesterday
5. brn and brught up in villages/cuntryside 6. Given the general state f his health
7. his leg brken 8. Tld that his mther was ill
9. Satisfied with what he did 10. invited t the party
11. Once cmpleted 12. first held in 776 BC
13. All the brken windws 14. bkshelf filled with many bks
15. dressed like a student 16. his hands tied t the chair
Part2：选“不定式”还是“分词或动名词”？
一、【高考链接1】
1. Simn made a big bamb bx _____ the little sick bird till it culd fly. (XXXX四川)
A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. t keep
2. Mre highways have been built in China, _____ it much easier fr peple t travel frm ne place t anther.（XXXX陕西）
A. making B. made C. t make D. having made
3. He hurried t the bking ffice nly ___ that all the tickets had been sld ut.（XXXX陕西）
A. t tell B. t be tld C. telling D. tld
4. The rare fish, _____ frm the cking pt, has been returned t the sea. (XXXX上海)
A. saved B. saving C. t be saved D. having saved
5. Lk ver there — there’s a very lng, winding path _____ up t the huse. (XXXX山东)
A. leading B. leads C. led D. t lead
6. His first bk _____ next mnth is based n a true stry. (XXXX陕西)
A. published B. t be published C. t publish D. being published
7. Even the best writers smetimes find themselves _____ fr wrds. (XXXX浙江)
A. lse B. lst C. t lse D. having lst
8. Listen! D yu hear smene _____ fr help? (XXXX湖南)
A. calling B. call C. t call D. called
9. The mther felt herself _____ cld and her hands trembled as she read the letter frm the battlefield. (XXXX上海)
A. grw B. grwn C. t grw D. t have grwn
10. It’s necessary t be prepared fr a jb interview. ___ the answer ready will be f great help. （2005北京）
A. T have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
Keys: 1-5 DABAA 6-10 BBAAD
【点拨】题1考查不定式作目的状语；题2考查现在分词作结果状语；题3考查不定式的被动形式作结果状语；题4考查过去分词作后置定语；题5考查现在分词作定语；题6考查不定式的被动形式作后置定语；题7考查过去分词作宾补；题8考查现在分词作宾补；题9考查无t的不定式作宾补；题10考查动名词作主语。
【重点归纳】
1. 不定式在句中常作目的状语（如题1）、结果状语和原因状语；而分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）在句中一般不作目的状语，但其它状语都可充当。作结果状语时，不定式表示出乎意料的结果（如题3），而分词表示是自然的、意料之中的结果（如题2）。
2. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作（如题6）；现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态（如题5）；过去分词作定语表示完成和被动（如题4）。
3. 不定式作宾补表示一次性的动作或全过程（如题9）；现在分词作宾补表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态（如题8）；过去分词作宾补常表示完成或被动，所表示的动作常和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，或者表示存在的状态（如题7）。
4. 不定式作主语表示具体的动作，动名词作主语常表示经常性的或习惯性的动作（如题10）。
二、【高考链接2】
1. _____, the pay isn’t attractive enugh, thugh the jb itself is quite interesting. (XXXX浙江)
A. Generally speaking B. On the cntrary
C. In particular D. T be hnest
2. Sandy culd d nthing but ___ t his teacher he was wrng. (2001上海春)
A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. t admit
Keys: 1-2 DA
【点拨】题1考查不定式的独立结构；题2考查d nthing but d …结构。
【重点归纳】
1. 不定式的独立结构在句中作状语 (如题1)，常见的独立结构还有：t be frank，t tell yu the truth，t make matters / things wrse，t start with，t begin with，t sum up, t be sure等。
2. 不定式在一些特殊结构中常省略t (如题2)，常见的特殊结构还有：had better (nt) d …，why nt d …，prefer t d … rather than d …，wuld rather d …，wuld rather d … than d …等。
【典型题例】
1. — Wuld yu like t have a walk with me?
— I’d like (lve) t / I’m glad (happy, pleased …) t (have a walk …).
2. We asked him t stay till the next day, but he refused t (stay …).
3. — Has he dne his hmewrk?
— N, but he is ging t (d …).
4. — Wuld yu like t be a teacher?
— Yes, I’d like t be.
【重点归纳】
1. 不定式中的动词上文已出现，下文常常省略（如例1）。
2. 在want, like, wish, hpe, try, frget, refuse, remember, prefer, prmise, tell等动词后也常常省略上文中出现的动词（如例2）。
3. 在have t, used t, be ging t, ught t等词组后也常常省略上文中出现的动词（如例3）。
4. 不定式是t be结构时，be不能省略（如例4）。
三、【典型题例】非谓语动词 (短语) 作定语、状语和宾语补足语的辨析
1. a. The building built 300 years ag is still in gd cnditin.
b. The building being built nw will be ur dining hall.
c. The by reading ver there is my little brther.
d. I have smething imprtant t d.
e. The meeting t be held tmrrw is abut hw t deal with the rubbish in ur schl.
2. a. Given the right kind f training, these teenager sccer players may ne day grw int internatinal stars.
b. When crssing the street, yu can nt be t careful.
c. T take the first bus, he gt up early.
d. He lifted a rck nly t drp it n his wn ft.
3. a. Dn’t leave yur wrk unfinished.
b. Our teacher had us listening t the tape all the class.
c. I saw her g ut f the rm, lck the dr and run away.
【指点迷津】
1. 过去分词（短语）作定语，和所修饰的名词之间有动宾关系，且往往指动作已经完成；现在分词（短语）作定语，往往指动作正在进行，和所修饰名词之间有主谓关系或动宾关系；不定式（短语）作定语，往往表示将来的动作，和所修饰名词之间有主谓关系或动宾关系。如第1组。
2. 过去分词（短语）作状语，分词动作和主语是逻辑上的动宾关系；现在分词（短语）作状语，分词动作和主语是逻辑上的主谓关系；不定式（短语）只作目的、结果状语及原因状语。如第2组。
3. 过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语，和宾语之间是动宾关系；现在分词（短语）作宾语补足语，和宾语之间是主谓关系，表示正在进行或状态在持续；不定式（短语）作宾语补足语，表示一次性动作或全过程，且往往省略t。如第3组。
Grammar quiz语法小测
I. 根据汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. He didn’t d anything but _________________ (每天读小说) during the winter hliday.
2. _________________ (使事情更糟的是), mst children didn’t return hme.
3. _________________ (为了避免再犯同样的错误), he wrte dwn the maths prblems in his ntebk and ften did them nce mre.
4. He hurried t the statin, ______________ (结果被告诉) the train was late fr abut tw hurs.
5. I am srry _________________ (让你等了这么长时间).
6. The landwner _________________ (让三个工人为他工作) all the year.
7. Wang Dng wanted t surf the Internet, but his father ______________ (告诉他不要这样做).
8. It is difficult _________________ (让我在两个小时之内完成工作).
II. 从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。
1. — Let’s g t the mvies after wrk, OK?
— ___
A. Nt at all. B. Why nt? C. Never mind. D. What f it?
2. Rather than __________ bring TV shws, he always prefers __________ riginal nvels.
A. watch; read B. watching; read
C. watch; t read D. t watch; reading
3. N time fr sprts, even music, _____ films and TV prgrams; all we students can see is exercises and exams at present.
A. nt mentining B. nt mentin
C. nt t mentin D. t mentin n
4. — S what did yu buy?
— A T-shirt. It was a real bargain. I gt it at half price, _____ 15 dllars.
A. saving B. saved C. t save D. save
5. What is the best way yu can imagine _____ the veruse f water in ur schl?
A. reducing B. t reduce C. reduced D. reduce
6. My advisr encuraged _____ a summer curse t imprve my writing skills.
A. fr me t taking B. me taking C. fr me t take D. me t take
7. — What are yu busy with?
— The cnference _____ in ur city next week.
A. held B. will be held C. being held D. t be held
8. — Is that Mr Brwn?
— Srry, he is nt in at the mment. Shall I have him _____ yur call later?
A. return B. t be returned C. t return D. returning
9. Mr Reed made up his mind t devte all he had t ___ sme schls fr pr children.
A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
10. A new tax law, _____ the use f smaller engines in vehicles t reduce pllutin and il dependence, is under cnsideratin.
A. encurages B. t encurage C. encuraged D. encurage
Sentence drills 句型巡航
翻译高手
根据汉语和括号中的提示翻译下面的句子。
1. 每次去看望李老师时，她都给我们做丰盛的饭菜。(every time)
__________________________________________________________________
2. 除了懂一点俄语外，他的英语讲得很好。(as well as)
__________________________________________________________________
3. 这家公司得了和去年一样丰厚的利润。(the same … as)
________________________________________________________________________
4. 住在这个社区对我来说更方便点。(it is cnvenient …)
_______________________________________________________________________
5. 山顶上有一座约800年历史的寺庙。(倒装句)

6. 在结婚仅仅三个月之后他们就离婚了。(强调句)

Keys:
语法小测
I. 1. read nvels every day 2. T make things wrse
3. T avid making the same mistakes 4. nly t be tld
5. t have kept yu waiting fr such a lng time 6. had three wrkers wrk fr him
7. tld him nt t 8. fr me t finish the wrk within tw hurs
II. 1-5 BCCAB 6-10 DDABB
句型巡航
1. Every time we g t see Mrs Li, she is always making a rich meal fr us.
2. As well as knwing a little Russian, he speaks English very well.
3. The cmpany made the same huge prfit as they did last year.
4. It is mre cnvenient fr me t live in this cmmunity.
5. On the tp f the muntain stands a temple with a histry f abut 800 years.
6. It was after nly three mnths f marriage that they divrced.
项目
用法简析
例句
过去
分词
作状
语
1. 过去分词作状语要求其逻辑主语应该和句子的主语保持一致。
Wrried abut the jurney, I was unsettled fr the first few days.
2. 通常过去分词在句中可以作时间状语、原因状语、方式状语、伴随状语和让步状语等，而且可以与对应的状语从句或并列句进行句型转换。
1. The teacher came in, fllwed (and he was fllwed…) by a grup f yung students.
2. Much tired, he still kept n wrking. = (Althugh he was tired,) he…
3. 表条件、时间、让步的状语从句主语与主句主语一致的时，若从句谓动是被动语态，可以省略为“连词+过去分词”形式。
When (it is) heated, water can be changed int steam.
4. 有些过去分词已经转换成介词或连词，不要求与句子主语保持逻辑一致。如：介词given“鉴于、考虑到”；连词granted that “尽管，即使”，prvided (that)“假如”。
1. Prvided he is nt here, what shall we d?
2. Granted that he is absent，there is n excuse．
5.with+n(prn)+Ved; n(prn)+Ved分别是with跟复合宾语和独立主格结构，其中的名词（代词）与过去分词是被动关系。
The by rushed int the classrm, his face cvered with sweat.
项目
用法简析
例句
过去
分词
作定
语
1. 在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。
1. Just click t answer the questins, and try the suggested steps t slve the prblem.
2. We need mre qualified science wrkers.
3. The student dressed in red is my sister.
4. At hme we had the feeling that Wavell was a tired man.
2. 也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。
1. The wind raised the fallen leaves frm the grund.
2. He said: " curse, a newly risen mn is nt full.
3. 单个过去分词应作前置定语，但是left后置；过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句；every/sme/any/n+thing/bdy/ne所构成的复合代词或thse等要用后置定语。
1. Hurry up. We haven't much time left.
2. Abraham Lincln, the president lved (=wh was lved) by American peple was always clse t the peple."
3. There is nting changed here.
4. Amng thse invited were high fficials.
4. 某些动词的过去分词的形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式不一样。
a drunken man(nt drunk); a sunken ship (nt sunk); a lighted candle (nt a lit)
比较：She lit (lighted) a candle.