所属成套资源:高考英语语法词汇专项突破(含答案解析)
高考英语语法词汇专项突破:03全解读反义疑问句十一条重点考点+巩固训练+答案
展开
这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破:03全解读反义疑问句十一条重点考点+巩固训练+答案,共10页。
1. (XXXX湖南卷) Yu and I culd hardly wrk tgether, ?
A. culd yu B. culdn’t I C. culdn’t we D. culd we
2. (XXXX陕西卷) He must be helping the ld man t water the flwers, ?
A. is he B. isn’t he C. must he D. mustn’t he
【答案解读】
1. D。陈述部分是肯定形式,疑问部分用否定形式;反之,则用肯定形式。陈述部分含有否定词hardly,故疑问部分用肯定形式,排除B和C;主语是yu and I,反意问句的主语用we,排除A和B。故应选D。
2. B。陈述句中的谓语中虽有情态动词must,但此处must表示对正在进行的动作进行推测,应根据其后动词所表示的实际意义,由句意看出是对he is helping the ld t water the flwer这一情况的推测,根据is helping排除C和D。再根据陈述部分是肯定形式知道反意问句需用否定。故选B。
【高考热点】
1. 反意疑问句的一般情况。
2. 复合句的反意疑问句,尤其是宾语从句。
3. 关于情态动词的反意疑问句,尤其是must表示推测的反意疑问句。
4. 祈使句的反意疑问句。
5. 反意疑问句的回答。
【基本概念】
反意疑问句(The disjunctive questin r Tag questin),即反意疑问句。它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。反意疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。通常陈述部分是肯定形式,反意疑问部分就是否定形式,或者是“否定+肯定”,但是有时也会出现“肯定+肯定”的情况, 但是答句通常是“肯定+肯定”或者“否定+否定”。反意问句部分的谓语动词用省略形式,而且要用缩略形式,如aren’t, desn’t, haven’t, hasn’t, weren’t, wasn’t等,即不可以分开写。
【考点解读】
一、反意疑问句的回答
回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定,如有人问你:
Yu are asleep, aren’t yu?
你应回答N, I’m nt. 因为既然你能回答,肯定你还没有asleep。
但如果别人问你 Yu aren’t asleep, are yu?(你还没有睡着,对吗),你也只能回答N, I’m nt.(是的,还没有睡着),而不能回答为Yes, I’m nt. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am.
“It is a beautiful flwer,isn't it?”
“It isn't a beautiful flwer,is it?”
上述两句句子的回答肯定均为“Yes,it is.”否定为“N,it isn't. ”
由上述例子可知,反意疑问句回答与句子本身所包含的中文肯定与否的含义并无太大关联,只需注意事实,肯定即用yes,否定用n,无需考虑句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。在解题的时候要注意答句中起着解释说明作用的句子。
二、反意疑问部分的主语
1. 当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything, smething, anything, nthing或指示代词this,
that时,反意疑问部分的主语用it;当陈述部分的主语是these, thse时,反意疑问部分的主语用they。如:
These aren’t his bks, are they? 这些不是他的书,对吗?
Nthing can stp us, can it? 没有什么可以阻止我们,对吗?
2. 当陈述部分的主语是不定代词 smebdy, smene, everyne, everybdy, nbdy, n ne 等时,反意疑问部分的主语要用they,有时用he。如:
Everybdy knws this, dn’t they / desn’t he? 大家都知道这一点,不是吗?
Nbdy phned while I was ut, did they? 我出去的时候没有人给我打电话,是吗?
3. 当陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问部分的主语用it。如:
What yu want t d is finish yur wrk befre she cmes, isn’t it?
Practising speaking English every mrning des gd t yur prnunciatin, desn’t it?
4. 陈述部分的主语是ne时,反意疑问部分的主语在正式场合用ne,非正式场合用yu或 he。如:
One can’t be t careful, can ne (yu / he)? 一个人怎么小心都不为过,是吗?
三、带有否定词的反意疑问句
陈述部分出现否定副词nwhere, never, seldm, hardly, scarcely, rarely等,或者出现否定代词nne, n ne, nbdy, nthing, few, little等时,应视为否定形式,相应地,反意疑问部分要采用肯定形式。如:
He never said that he was gd at mathematics, did he?
注意:陈述部分出现否定前缀或后缀时,虽然意思是否定的,但是反意疑问部分仍用否定结构。如:
He is unlike his brther, isn’t he?
【典例】The news that they failed their driving test discuraged him, ___?
A. did they B. didn't they C. did it D. didn't it
解读:D。陈述部分句子的主句是The news discuraged him,that引导的同位语从句不作考虑,排除A和B。虽然谓语动词discuraged是否定意思,但是这个否定意义是通过否定前缀dis-而来的,因此句子仍然看作是肯定句,那么反意问句就用否定形式。故选D。
四、反意疑问句的助动词和情态动词
1. 当陈述部分的谓语动词是实意动词,则反意疑问部分用d的对应形式。如:
She happened t meet yur sister, didn’t she?
2. 如果陈述部分谓语动词本身带有助动词,则反意疑问部分的助动词应该与其一致。如:
They haven’t seen each ther fr twenty years, have they?
【考例】(2009上海卷) Sally’s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre, ______?
A. hasn’t she B. has she C. isn’t she D. is she
解读:B。根据前面的否定词never判定反意问句部分用肯定形式,排除A和C;由seen知道前面’s应该是has,根据一致原则看出选B。
3. 如果陈述部分的谓语动词动词带有had better, wuld rather, wuld like,shuld,时,反意疑问部分用had, wuld, ught, shuld与nt的缩写形式+主语。如:
Yu'd better leave fr New Yrk nw, hadn't yu?
Yu'd rather stay at hme watching TV, wuldn't yu?
4. need和dare既可以作情态动词,也可以作行为动词,注意在反意疑问句中的区别。如果作为实意动词,则反意问句的谓语部分借助于助动词d。如:
Yu needn’t hand in yur hmewrk, need yu?
She desn’t need t g there alne, des she?
She needs t g there alne, desn’t she?
五、陈述部分含must的反意疑问句
当must(1)表示“必须”时,反意疑问部分用must;⑵表示“必要”时,疑问部分用need;(3)表示“推测”时,要考虑到句子本身所要表达的意思,反意疑问部分与情态动词后面的主要动词保持一致。如:
The nurse must take gd care f the patients, mustn’t she?
护士必须要照顾好病人,是吗?(表示说话人强调护士的职责)
The by must finish all the cleaning, needn’t he?
这个男该有必要做完所有的清洁工作,是吗?(表示说话人不希望男孩做完所有的活)
The grund is wet. It must have rained last night, didn’t it? 地上湿了,昨天晚上肯定下雨了。(表示推测It rained last night.的事实)
【典例】There is n light in the drmitry. They must have gne t the lecture, ______?
A. didn’t they B. dn’t they C. mustn’t they D. haven’t they
解读:D。根据“没有灯光”推测去听报告了,must表示推测意义,用have gne t表示已经到了报告会场或者在去听报告会的途中,即想说明They have gne t the lecture的事实。所以根据They have gne t the lecture看出用haven’t they。故选D。
六、陈述部分谓语动词是have的反意疑问句
当have表示“有”的意思时,反意疑问部分用have或haven’t +主语,也可以用助动词d的形式; 如果have用于其它含义时,则反意疑问部分用d的相应形式。如:
They have a lt f huses, haven’t / dn’t they?
We have t get there at eight tmrrw, dn’t we?
They had t take the early train, didn’t they?
考例:(XXXX广东卷) Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day befre yesterday,she?
A. hadB. didC. hadn’tD. didn’t
解读:D。主句是一般过去时态的肯定句,因此其反意问句应该用一般过去时态的否定句,排除A和B。此处的had不是“有”的意思,have是使役动词,在句中用于have sth. dne结构,所以反意问句的谓语部分用d的形式,排除A和C。故选D。
七、there be句型的反意疑问句
在there be句型中,反意疑问部分用there。像seem t be, exist, live, stand, remain,
lie, enter等词都可以用在there be句型代替be,而且这些动词仍然保留原来的意思,反意疑问部分用“be动词或助动词d+there”。如:
There are fur seasns in a year, aren’t there?
There seems t be smething wrng with my bicycle,desn’t there?
There aren't any gd shps in this village, are there?
考例:(XXXX上海卷)There was a lud scream frm the backstage immediately after the cncert ended,?
A. wasn’t thereB. was thereC. didn’t itD. did it
解读:A。因为陈述部分是肯定形式,所以反意疑问部分用否定形式,排除B和D。主句是there be 句型,反意问句用wasn’t there。故选A。
八、祈使句的反意疑问句
1. 陈述部分是祈使句时,反意疑问部分用will yu或wn’t yu来表示请求语气;若祈使句是否定形式,则只用will yu。如:
Be sure t write t us, will/wn’t yu?
Dn’t smke in the meeting rm, will yu?
2. 有时为了强调说话对象,祈使句前加上听话者,此时或是表示急躁、厌烦等感情色彩,或是表示请求或命令。但是祈使句的主语永远是yu, 所以谓语动词依然是动词原形, 反意疑问部分用will yu 或 wn’t yu。
【典例】 ---- Alice, yu feed the bird tday, ______?
---- But I fed it yesterday.
A. d yu B. will yu C. didn’t yu D. dn’t yu
解读:B。本题的祈使句带有自己的主语,本来应该是Alice, feed the bird tday, 但是为了强调带上了主语,根据陈述部分是祈使句时用will可以看出B正确。
3. 在陈述部分是let’s的祈使句中,反意疑问部分用 shall we来表示征求意见;陈述部分是let us时, 则用will yu来表示请求。如:
考例:(XXXX全国卷Ⅱ)We frgt t bring ur tickets,but please let us enter,?
A. d yuB. can weC. will yuD. shall we
解读:C。根据let us看出祈使句表示请求,所以的反意疑问句用will yu,意思是“好吗,可以吗?”。故选C。
九、并列句的反意疑问句
当陈述部分是并列句时,反意疑问句的主谓语要和离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。如:
She was thirteen years ld, but she can speak three freign languages, can’t she?
【典例】It’s my sn’s birthday next week, and I have t d my best fr that, ____?
A. isn’t it B. is it C. haven’t I D. dn’t I
解读:D。反意疑问部分要依据and后的分句,句子的主语是I,排除A和B。此处have t失去“有”的意思,所以用助动词d。故选D。
十、复合句的反意疑问句
1. 当陈述部分是一个主从复合句时,反意疑问部分的主语和谓语通常要与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。如:
The bk yu bught yesterday is missing, isn’t it?
【典例】Brian tld yu that there wasn’t anyne in the rm at that time, _______?
A. was there B. wasn’t there C. didn’t he D. did he
解读:C。本题是带有宾语从句的复合句,反意问句的形式取决于主句,主句的主语是Brian,谓语动词是肯定的过去时形式tld, 对应的应该是didn’t he。故选C。
2. 当陈述部分的谓语含有think, believe, suppse,imagine,并且主语是第一人称时,疑问部分的主语和谓语通常要与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。如:
I dn’t think he can finish the task in time, can he?
【典例】I dn’t suppse anyne will vlunteer, _______?
A. d I B. dn’t I C. will they D. wn’t they
解读:C。根据谓语动词suppse和主语I确定反意问句与从句一致,主语anyne与they对应,谓语用will,排除A和B。同时要注意主句是否定形式,所以要否定转移,那么反意问句就用will they。故选C。
注意:如果主语不是第一人称,则不适用于这一原则。如:
Mrs. Black desn’t believe her sn is able t design a digital camera, des she?
3. 当陈述部分是I’m sure that,;we are sure;I’m afraid that;We are sure that;I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句(也有人认为是状语从句,在此不做讨论)时,反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。如:
I’m afraid that she will be sentenced t death in a few days, wn’t she?
I am afraid Peter will nt cme tnight, will he?
I am afraid yu are nt right, are yu?
We are sure that a jint Japan-US exercise in suthwestern Japanese waters late this year near islands disputed(有争议的) with China is nt necessarily targeting Beijing, is it?
十一、几种特殊情况
1. 陈述部分含有used t时,反意疑问部分用didn’t 或usedn’t。如:
They used t write t yu, didn’t / usedn’t they?
2. 陈述部分含有ught t时,反意疑问部分用ughtn’t或shuldn’t。如:
We ught t g nw, ughtn’t / shuldn’t we?
3. 陈述部分是I’m ...结构时,反意疑问部分一般用aren’t I或ain’t I 。如:
I’m flish t d s, aren’t / ain’t I? 我这样做真傻,不是吗?
4. I wish表示征求对方的意见时,反意疑问部分用may I。如:
I wish t be allwed t smke here, may I?
5. 省略句的反意问句要根据具体情况考虑。像有的感叹句省掉的是be被动词部分,要知道省掉的是什么,才可以恰当的补上。如:
What a beautiful day (it is), isn’t it?
What culurs (they are), aren’t they?
6. 同向反意疑问句,就是陈述部分和疑问部分都用肯定或否定,此种句子用来表示一定的感情色彩,表示关心、兴趣、讽刺等。疑问部分有时可以用right, OK等。如:
She is yur girl friend, right/OK? 他是你的女朋友,对吗?
Peter tld me that he saw a ghst last night. He did, did he?
皮特告诉我说他昨天晚上见到了鬼。他昨天晚上见到了鬼,是吗?
S yu dn’t want t see the film, dn’t yu?
那么你不想去看电影,不是吗?(从s的提示作用可以看出是承接上文,这种情况下说话者已经知道了答案,并不是真的要对方给以回答,只不过是加以确认而已。)
【牛刀小试】
一、〖真题演练〗从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
1.(XXXX上海春招卷)Yu didn’t use t like him much when we were at schl, ___________?
A. were we B. weren’t we C. did yu D. didn’t yu
2. (XXXX上海春招卷) If yu talk nice and plite, peple listen t yu. If yu shut, this is n gd, ________?
A.d yuB.dn’t yuC.is itD.isn’t it
3. (XXXX北京卷)When yu’ve finished with that bk,dn’t frget t put it back n the shelf,?
A. d yuB. dn’t yuC. will yuD. wn’t yu
4.(XXXX上海卷)Bill’s aim is t infrm the views that cigarette advertising n TV is illegal, ______?
A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t he C. is he
5. (2003上海春招卷) If yu want help -- mney r anything, let me knw, yu?
A. dn't B. will C. shall D. d
6. (2002上海卷) Mrs. Black desn’t believe her sn is bale t design a digital camera, _____?
A. is he B. isn’t he C. desn’t she D. des she
二、〖创新试题〗根据汉语提示,用括号内所给的词语完成下列句子。
1、Few f them hurt themselves in the accident last night, ___________ ?
2.--Yu’ve never seen dinsaur eggs, have yu?
--_______________. Hw I wish t visit the Dinsaur Wrld.
3、His sister had a bad cugh, _________she?
4、Mr. Green went t Shenzhen n business last week, ________?
5. Jhn can hardly understand any Chinese, _________he?
6、Dn’t smke in the meeting-rm, _________?
7、Lucy, yu clean the blackbard tday, _______ ?
8. Miss Cheng will never frget her first visit t Canada, ________?
9、The lady culdn’t say a wrd when she saw the snake,__________?
10、Tina is unhappy nw, ____________?
11、---Yu wn’t fllw his example, will yu ?
---________________, I dn’t think he is right.
12、---The by has t stay at hme t lk after his little sister,_________?
---Yes, because his mther has gne shpping.
13、----Yu lent me sme mney a few mnths ag.
-----_________? I dn’t remember lending yu any mney.
14、My uncle has never been t a freign cuntry,_____________?
15、There is sme water in that bttle, ___________?
16、---Let’s g and play ftball,__________?
---That’s wnderful.
17. I dn’t think that the necklace is made f diamnd, __________?
18. His wife had the carpets and the curtains cleaned, ____________?
19. It’s my sn’s wedding next week, and I have t d my best fr that, ________?
20. Harry wuldn’t becme a teacher if it hadn’t been fr the hliday, __________?
21. N ne left here yesterday, ___________?
22. Birds rarely build nests in ur garden,_____________?
23. Yu must have been t the Great Wall, ____________?
24. Learning hw t repair mtrs takes a lng time, _____________?
25. They must have stayed at hme last night, ____________?
26. There’s nt much news in tday’s newspaper, _____________?
27. They need ur help badly at the mment, ______________?
28. She is unfit fr the psitin, _____________?
29. I wish t visit America, _____________?
30. She’s been a wrker here fr many years, ______________?
31. What beautiful flwers, ______________?
32. Mther used t live in a pr village, ____________?
33. Yu’d better g at nce, _____________?
34. I am very interested in Mark Twain’s nvels, ____________?
35. Dn’t g ut, ?
36. Everything begins t grw in spring, ?
37. He can hardly finish the wrk, ?
38. Let us g hme, ?
39. Yu think he is a gd student, ?
40. Nbdy knws where she lives, ?
41. Few students can answer the questin, ?
42. Yu needn’t attend the meeting, ______________________?
43. We need t cme n Sunday, ________________?
参考答案
一、〖真题演练〗
1. 解读:C。used的否定形式有两种,根据备选项和陈述部分选C。
2. 解读:C。主句this is提示选C。
3. 解读:C。主句是祈使句,由祈使句是否定句知道反意疑问句用肯定形式will yu。
4. 解读:A。抛开同位语从句,主句为Bill’s aim is…,故选A。
5. 解读:B。根据let sb. d结构表示请求得出B正确。
6. 解读:D。虽然谓语动词是believe,但是句子的主语Mrs. Black不是第一人称根据,所以仍然根据主句。故选D。
二、〖创新试题〗
1. did they 2. N, I haven’t 3. didn’t 4. didn’t he 5. can
6. will yu 7.will yu 8.will she 9. culd she 10. isn’t she
11. N, I wn’t 12. desn’t he 13. Did I 14. has he 15. isn’t there
16. shall we 17. is it 18. didn’t she 19. dn’t I 20. wuld he
21. did they 22. d they 23. haven’t yu 24. desn’t it 25. didn’t they
26. is there 27. dn’t they 28. isn’t she 29. may I 30. hasn’t she
31. aren’t they 32. usedn’ t she/didn’t she 33. hadn’t yu 34. aren’t I 35. will yu
36. desn’t it 37. can he 38. will yu 39. dn’t yu 40. d they/des he
41. can they 42. need yu 43. dn’t we
相关试卷
这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破:02全解读时间状语从句考点+巩固练习+答案,共11页。
这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破:01重点句型展示 高频考点解读+巩固练习+答案,共8页。试卷主要包含了典句展示等内容,欢迎下载使用。
这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破:01解读限制性定语从句中的关系代词+巩固练习+答案,共11页。