高考英语语法词汇专项突破：02名词性从句考点扫描+巩固练习+答案解析

这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：02名词性从句考点扫描+巩固练习+答案解析，共10页。
【考例1】（2023新高考II卷） They als need t be ready t give interviews in English with internatinal jurnalists. This is they need an English trainer.
答案与解析：why。考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
【考例2】（2020江苏高考真题）It is nt a prblem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter f time.
A. whetherB. whyC. whenD. where
答案与解析：A。考查主语从句。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. when什么时候；D. where在哪里。根据下文it’s just a matter f time可知，此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。
【考例3】（2020浙江高考真题）Over thusands f years，they began t depend less n culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.
答案与解析：what。考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
【考例4】（2020天津高考真题）The student cmpleted this experiment t make cme true __________ Prfessr Jseph had said.
A. thatB. whatC. whenD. where
答案与解析：B。考查名词性从句。_________ Prfessr Jseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。
【考例5】（2020年北京卷）Oliver says if yu're lucky enugh t have smene clse t yu wh enjys cking, ask them __________yu can jin in when it's pssible.
答案与解析：if/whether。考查名词性从句连词。____ yu can jin in when it's pssible.是宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。
【考点扫描】
名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句四种。现根据其引导词将其主要特性总结如下：
一、名词性that从句
由从属连词that引导的从句叫作名词性that-从句。that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有实义。名词性that从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，但是一般不作介词宾语。
【考例1】I truly believe ______beauty cmes frm within.（XXXX·北京卷）
A. that B. where C. what D. why
【答案与解析】A。本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心!
【考例2】The nly way t succeed at the highest level is t have ttal belief _____ yu are better than anyne else n the sprts field. (XXXX·浙江卷）
A hw B that C which D whether
【答案与简析】B。本题考查同位语从句。belief所跟从句对其内容进行解释说明，是同位语从句。that引导同位语从句只起连接作用，不作任何成分，从句不缺成分。句意：在最高水平上取得成功的唯一方法就是要完全相信在那个运动场上，你比其他任何人都优秀。
【考例3】 Reading her bigraphy, I was lst in admiratin fr Dris Lessing had achieved in literature.(XXXX·陕西卷)
A. what B. that C. why D. hw
【答案与解析】A。本题考查宾语从句。介词fr后面是一个句子，因此是介词宾语从句，排除B；从句中及物动词achieve没有宾语，用连接代词what作其宾语。句意：读完了她的自传后，我对Dris Lessing在文学上所取得的成就佩服地五体投地。
二、名词性wh-从句
由wh-引导的名词从句叫作名词性wh-从句。wh-词包括wh, whm, whse, whever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, why, 以及hw,等连接副词。wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语。如：
It caused them t think abut hw they might cntrl the experiences f children t prduce respnsible and prductive adults.
这让他们思考如何控制孩子们的经历，培养出负责任和有生产力的成年人。
【考例1】（2021年3月天津卷）What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has s many crazy ideas.
A．whether B．whyC．whatD．when
答案与简析：B。考查表语从句。句意：令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. what什么，所…的事儿；D. when什么时间，…的时间。分析句子，该空需要一个表语从句的连接词，结合句意，应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选B项。
【考例2】The pr wman wasn't able t give him any infrmatin abut __________she lived.（2021北京卷）
【答案与解析】where。考查宾语从句。介词abut后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。
【考例3】（2018年6月天津）(2018·）The gld medal will be awarded t _______ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A．whmeverB．whereverC．wheverD．whatever
【答案与解析】C。考查名词性从句连接词。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。
【考例4】 _____we understand things has a lt t d with what we feel.(XXXX·北京卷)
A. Where B.Hw C.Why D. When
【答案与解析】B。本题考查主语从句。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择hw。句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。
【考例5】 Sme peple believe _______ has happened befre r is happening nw will repeat itself in the future. (XXXX·北京卷)
A. whateverB. whenever C. wherever D. hwever
【答案与解析】A。本题考查宾语从句。及物动词believe后的句子是宾语从句，但是谓语动词has happened没有主语，用连接代词，只有A项是连接代词，其余选项都是连接副词，不能作主语。
【考例6】 Mental health invlves________ yu prcess things such as stress and anxiety.（2022年6月天津卷）
A．hwB．whatC．whyD．which
【答案与解析】A。考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的宾语从句作谓语动词invlves的宾语，从句中主语是yu，谓语动词prcess是及物动词意思是“处理、加工”，所跟宾语是things such as stress and anxiety, 这样看从句不缺少主语和宾语，但句意不完整，根据句意可知，表示“如何，怎样”的连词hw符合句意。故选A项。句意：心理健康包括如何处理诸如压力和焦虑之类的事物。
【考例7】The exhibitin tells us we shuld d smething t stp air pllutin.（XXXX·四川卷）
A. where B. why C. what D. which
【答案与解析】B。本句考查宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，故选项C和D排除。根据意思：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要阻止空气污染。如果说“我们在哪儿阻止空气污染”则不符合逻辑。故选B。
【考例8】 If yu swim in a river r lake, be sure t investigate is belw the water surface. Often there are rcks r branched hidden in the water.（XXXX·浙江卷）
A. what B. wh C. that D. whever
【答案与解析】A。本句考查宾语从句。分析宾语从句的成分可以发现，空格是主语。指代的是树枝或石头，B项和D项指人，that 只有语法意义，不作成分。故选A。句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，请确定查看水面下有什么，通常总有一些石头或树枝藏在水里。
【考例9】A ship in harbr is safe, but that’s nt ______ ships are built fr. (XXXX·安徽卷)
A. whatB. whmC. whyD. when
【答案与解析】A。本题考查表语从句。is nt后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的fr后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与fr连用，表示目的。故选A。句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。
三、if和whether引导的名词性从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句其功能和wh-从句的功能基本相同，但在下列情况用whether不用if：与不定式连用；在whether …… r nt 的固定搭配中；作介词宾语；宾语从句放在句首表示强调时；引导主语从句；引导表语从句；引导同位语从句。
【考例1】Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f the time, they agreed.（2022年浙江1月卷）
【答案与解析】whether或if。考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cbb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
【考例2】It desn’t matter ____ yu turn right r left at the crssing—bth rads lead t the park. (XXXX·天津卷)
A. whether B. hw C. if D. when
【答案与简析】A。本句考查主语从句。it是形式主语，横线后才是真正的主语，根据r提示用whether引导主语从句。
【考例】（2017年6月天津卷）She asked me ________ I had returned the bks t the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A．when B．where C．whether D．what
答案与解析：C。考查宾语从句。句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。A. when什么时候；B. where在哪里；C. whether是否；D. what什么。根据句意，故选C。
四、形式主语和宾语it
（一）通常主语从句比较长，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，保持句子平衡，常常用it作形式主语，真正作主语的主语从句后置。后置的常是 that引导的主语从句，也可以是what, whether等引导从主语从句。如：
T seek what is impssible is madness: and it is impssible that the bad shuld nt d smething f this kind.
追求不可能的即疯狂：恶人让他们不作恶都不可能。（其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that the bad shuld nt d smething f this kind）
It is nne f yur business what ther peple think abut yu. Believe yurself.
别人怎么看你，与你无关，相信你自己。（其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是what ther peple think abut yu.）
【考例】（2020江苏卷）It is nt a prblem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter f time.
答案与解析：whether。考查主语从句。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. when什么时候；D. where在哪里。根据下文it’s just a matter f time可知，此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。
（二）当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。如：
I find it difficult t d the jb well.我发现做好这件事不容易。
I think it best that yu shuld stay here.我认为你最好住这儿。
We think it n use cmplaining.我们认为抱怨是没有用的。
但是，以下几种形式宾语比较特殊，同学们需引起注意(同时它们也是高考的常考考点):
1. 动词+ it + that-从句。能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有have, take, put, like等。如：
I like it that yu came. 你来了，我很高兴。
I take it (that) he will cme n time. 我认为他会准时来的。
Yu can put it that it was arranged befre. 你可以说这是以前安排的。
Rumr has it that the defence minister will sn resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。
2.动词+ it +when (if)-从句。用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有enjy, hate, lve, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer等。如：
I dislike it when yu whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。
We really appreciate it when she ffered t help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。
I'd prefer it if I didn't have t d s much wrk.要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。
We wuld appreciate it if yu can cmmunicate with thers by cpying, telephne and fax!
【误用】I hate when they with their muths full f fd.
【指正】hate 后加上it。
有些动词不直接跟宾语从句，带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it，这类动词主要是：hate, take(认为), we, have, see t(负责，务必使…), appreciate等。
3.动词+ prep + it + that-从句。用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see t, lk t, insist n, stick t, depend n,answer fr等。如：
See t it that yu're nt late again.注意千万不要再迟到。
Lk t it that this desn't happen again.注意不要再发生这种事。I can't answer fr it that he will cme.我不能保证他会来。
Yu may rely n it that he'll cme t meet yu.你放心，他会来接你的。
4.动词+ it +介词短语+ that-从句。如：
I we it t yu that I am still alive.多亏有你我才仍然活着。
I tk it fr granted that he wuld help us.我认为他会帮助我们的。
See t it that all the dishes are cleared away immediately after lunch.
【跟踪训练1】
在横线上填上适当的连词，使句子意义通顺。
1. We must never think _____ we are gd in everything while thers are gd in nthing.
2. She will give_____ needs help a warm supprt.
3. _______ he can cme t the party n time depends n the traffic.
4. This is ________ ur prblem lies.
5. The reasn why he was late was _______ he missed the train by ne minute this mrning.
6. He didn nt see the film last night. That is ______ he had t help his little sister with her hmewrk.
7. The thught came t him _______Mary had prbably fallen ill.
8. ______ methd yu use, the result is much the same.
9. The questin ________ we need it has nt been cnsidered.
10. I dubt ________ we’ll ever see Gerge again.
11. _________ yu are cming t Lndn is the best news I have heard this lng time.
12. It has nt been decided _________will take the place f the manager.
Keys:1. that 2.whever 3.Whether 4. where
5.that 6.because 7. that 8. Whichever
9.whether 10.whether/if 11.That 12.wh
【跟踪训练2】
I. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。
1. _______ is clear that yu have made a big mistake in yur experiment.
A.That B.What C.It D.As
2. The headmaster annunced the news _______ur team had wn the match.
A.What B.which C.whether D.that
3. The questin is _______ the film is wrth seeing.
A.whether B.if C.that D.what
4. I gt wet all thrugh. That’s _____ I had neither a raincat nr an umbrella.
A.because B.why C.what D.which
5. _______ the dctrs really dubt is ____ my mther will recver frm the serius disease sn．
A.
6. ________ I want t knw is _______ rad we shuld take.
A. That; what B. What; what C. That; which D. What; which
7. ________ yu are cming t Lndn is the best news I have heard this lng time.
A.What B.Whatever C.That D.Whichever
8. What I want t tell yu is that _______ I spend my summer is n business f yurs.
A.which B. that C.where D.what
9. ________ is tp wins the game when tw matched players meet.
A. N matter wh B. Whever C. Wh D. Whmever
10. He tld us the truth _______ he fell dwn frm his bike this afternn.
A.that B.which C.what D.it
II. 根据汉语意思完成下列句子。
1. The teacher tld us ______________ (光比声音传播得快) .
2. _________ (他同谁结婚) remains unknwn.
3.He made clear his desire ________ (他要努力学习考上大学) .
4. Sn came the rder _________ (所有人都要遵守制度) .
5. I think it necessary _________ (我们喝足量的水) every day.
6. Nw it was ___________ (好像她认识) Millie fr years.
7. There is n dubt _________ (他适合这一工作) .
8. _____________ (邀请多少人) is still a questin.
9. He is n lnger _________ (以前的他了) .
10. We discussed __________ (是否要开一个会) .
Keys: I. 1-5 CDAAB 6-10 DCCBA
light travels faster than sund 2Wh he will marry.
3.that he shuld wrk hard t g t cllege 4.that all the peple shuld bey the rules
5. that we (shuld) take plenty f ht water 6.as thugh/as if she had knwn
7.that he is fit fr this jb 8. what he was
9.Hw many peple we are t invite 10.whether we shuld hld a meeting
【跟踪训练3】
第二组试题
1. ______ the thief wanted t knw was ______ the treasure had been hidden.
A. That, whatB. What, thatC. What, whereD. What, if
2. I can’t tell _____ play is mre interesting.
A. thatB. which C. if D. what
3. We heard the news _____ he set a new wrld recrd in the high jump.
A. thatB. whatC. hwD. whether
4. The questin is _______ it is wrth visiting.
A. thatB. ifC. as ifD. whether
5. ______ surprised us very much that Tm left withut a wrd.
A. WhatB. ItC. ThatD. This
6. They want t make it clear t the public ____ they d an imprtant jb.
A. whenB. whereC. whichD. that
7. It lked _____ it was ging t snw.
A. asB. ifC. whetherD. as if
8. I dn’t dubt ______he can d a gd jb.
A. that B. whetherC. ifD. hw
9. Yu can take _____ rm yu prefer.
A. whatB. whicheverC. thatD. which
10. I’ll remember ________ the teacher teaches us.
A. thatB. n matter whatC. n matter which D. whatever
11. ______they will set ff is nt decided.
A. WhmB. WhichC. WhatD. When
12. _____ he has gne is nt knwn yet.
A. ThatB. WhichC. WhenD. Where
13. We asked the bss _____ t build this plant.
A. hw lng it had takenB. hw lng it was taken
C. hw much time it was takenD. hw much time did it take
14. ______ he did was right. S everyne always trusts him.
A. HwB. WhenC. WhateverD. What
15. ______d yu think did it yesterday?
A. WhB. WhmC. WheverD. What
16. He made a prmise _____ he wuld help me when I was in truble.
A. whenB. whatC. whichD. that
17. _______ I wanted t say.
A. Such was thatB. Such was what
C. That was such D. What was such
18. ______was a well-knwn fact.
A. That their team was weakB. That their team being weak.
C. Which their team being weakD. What their team was weak.
19. It makes n difference _____ we will g tday r tmrrw.
A. ifB. whetherC. eitherD. that
20. It was true _____ the by did surprised us all.
A. that whatB. what thatC. thatD. what
21. His stepmther did _____ she culd ______ the by.
A. What, helpB. that, helpC. what, t helpD. that, t help
22. I wish yu _____ last week’s meeting.
A. had attendedB. has attendC. attend D. culd attended
23. ______ is trubling me is _____ I dn’t knw ____ t deal with that naughty by.
A. What, that, WhatB. That, that, What
C. What, What, hwD. What, that, hw
24. _____ yu can succeed in the end will mainly depend n _____ yu d and _____ yu d it.
A. If, What, whyB. Whether, what, hw
C. Whether, hw, whyD. That, whether, hwdy
25. --- D yu still remember _____ he was taken t the hspital?
--- Yes, he was sent t the hspital in Mr. Smith’s car.
A. why B. hw C. when D. that
KEY： 1-5 CBADB 6-10 DDABD 11-15 DDACA 16-20 DBABA 21-25 CADBB
1. 点拨：选C. What引导主语从句表示要知道的事情，Where引导的表语从句，表示地点。
2. 点拨：选B. which引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句作定语，表示“哪－……”。
3. 点拨：选A. that引导的从句作news的同位语，陈述一件事情。
4. 点拨：选D. 表疑问含义的表语从句，在表语从句中一般whether而不使用if.
5. 点拨：选B. it代替主语从句作形式主语，this，that不能作形式主语，what引导从句直接作主语。
6. 点拨：选D. it在句中作形式宾语，代替真正的宾语从句，且宾语从句中不缺成分。
7. 点拨：选D. 连系动词lk之后用as if引导表语从句，意思为“似乎，好像”。
8. 点拨：选A. 含有dubt的句子是肯定句时，从句用whether或if引导，是否定句或疑问句时，从句用that引导。
9. 点拨：选B. whichever rm=any rm that. whichever既引导一个宾语从句，又在宾语从句作宾语。
10. 点拨：选D. n matter只引导让步状语从句，that引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作成分，teach后需接双宾语，故选whatever。
11. 点拨：选D. When引导主语从句，表示时间。
12. 点拨：选D. A、B不合题意，因题中“has gne”不适合用when，故用where引导的主语从句。
13. 点拨：选A. 句型It takes(sb) sme time t d sth 不用被动语态，对时间提问用hw lng。在本题中作宾语，且用陈述语序。
14. 点拨：选C. What只表示做对了某一件事，但每个人总是都信赖他，说明他做什么都是对的，whatever=anything that。
15. 点拨：选A. d yu think为插入语，句子的意思为“你认为昨天谁干了这件事？”且句中缺主语，故选wh。
16. 点拨：选D. prmise后面接一个同位语从句，说明其具体内容。
17. 点拨：选B. Such提前形成倒装，代替主语内容，what引导一个主语从句，并且What在从句中作主语。
18. 点拨：选A. 事实是一件事情，需要一个主语从句，在主语从句中不缺少成分，故选that引导的主语从句。
19. 点拨：选B. it作形式主语，后面是主语从句，A、C不能引导主语从句，D项不合题意。
20. 点拨：选A. it作形式主语，what引导的主语从句中又含有一个主语从句，用what引导，代替“孩子所做的事情”。
21. 点拨：选C. did之后跟what引导的从句作宾语，she culd(d)省略了d，what充当d的宾语，后面动词不定式作目的状语。
22. 点拨：选A. whish之后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，用过去完成时表示过去时未曾实现的愿望。
23. 点拨：选D. 主语从句中缺主语，所以用what引导，表语从句陈述一件事情，不缺成分，故用that引导，hw……deal with……是固定搭配。
24. 点拨：选B. “是否成功将取决于……”前面是主语从句，只能用whether引导，介词n 后面跟两个宾语从句，第一个宾语从句中缺宾语，故用what引导，第二个宾语从句表达方式，所以用hw。
25. 点拨：选B. 从题干的回答可以看出，问的是he was sent t the hspital的方式，故选hw。