【暑假自学课】2024年新八年级英语暑假提升精品讲义(人教版)-专题02 数词和主谓一致(原卷版+解析版)
展开核心考点聚焦
1.掌握基数词的构成和用法
2. 掌握序数词的构成和用法
3.掌握主谓一致的原则
数词的分类:数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目的多少。序数词表示事物的先后顺序,往往与定冠词the连用。
(1)0—12单独记。如: zer, ne, tw, three等。
(2)13—19的词尾都是teen。如:furteen, seventeen等,但13—thirteen,15—fifteen,18—eighteen需要特殊记。
(3)20以上的整十的基数词均以ty结尾。
20—twenty,30—thirty,40—frty,50—fifty,80—eighty等。
(4)"几十几"要加连字符号"-"。
48—frty-eight, 97—ninety-seven等。
(5)"几百几十"或者"几百几十几"在"百"后加and。
156—ne hundred and fifty-six, 509—five hundred and nine。
(6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律:用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号读作thusand(千),第二个逗号读作millin(百万),第三个逗号读作billin(十亿),hundred后莫忘"and"。
3,610=three thusand six hundred and ten;
94,295=ninety-fur thusand tw hundred and ninety-five;
基数词的用法
① 表示确切数字时,基数词hundred, thusand, dzen(12)等,只用单数形式,不能加“s”
如:five thusand six hundred teachers 5600名教师
② 在表示某些概数的习语中,如“成百上千”等,基数词要加“s”
如:thusands f peple 成千上万的人
③ 可以用来表示时间
如:5:00 five / five ’clck
④ 可以用来表示年代
如:1980年 nineteen eighty
⑤ 可以用来表示年龄
如:He is ten years ld. “基数词 + 名词 + ”构成复合形容词作定语
如:He is a ten-year-ld by.
It a five-minute walk frm the library t the playgrund.
⑥ 可以用来表示事物编号
如:N. Ten Middle Schl 第十中学
308 Nanjing Rad 南京路308号
Rm 209 房间209
⑦ 可以用于某些数学算式
如:Three and tw is five. 3+2=5 Ten minus five is five. 10-5=5
Three multiplied by fur makes twelve. 3×4=12
Sixteen divided by fur is fur. 16÷4=4
⑧ 可以用于倍数表达,”基数词 + times“ 表示“...是...几倍”
如:This rm is three times as big as that ne.
This rm is three times bigger than that ne.
This rm is threetimes the size f that ne.
⑨ 可以用于百分数表达。百分数由“基数词+百分号(%)”构成
如:30% = thirty percent 65% = sixty - five percent
序数词的构成和用法
(1)"第一"、"第二"、"第三"分别是first, secnd, third。
(2)"第四"到"第十九"除了fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth是特殊的拼写外,其余的都在相应基数词后面加
"th"构成。如:furth。
(3)20以上的整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y为i,再加"-eth"。如:thirty→thirtieth; fifty→fiftieth。
(4)第一百hundredth; 第一千thusandth; 第一百万millinth。
(5)20以上的非整十的基数词变序数词时,只变化个位数。如:twenty-ne→twenty-first; ne hundred and ne→ne hundred and first。
序数词的用法
① 序数词的前面一般要用定冠词the表示”第几“的意思
如:Yu are the secnd ne t knw the way. 你是第二个知道方法的人
当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰,序数词前不用the
This is my third questin. / Betty is Linda’s first gd friend.
这是我的第三个问题 贝蒂是琳达第一个好朋友
We’ll read it a secnd time. 我们将再读一遍
当表示”又一,再一“时,序数词前不用the,但可加不定冠词a / an
② 可以用于年、月、日的表达;年、月用基数词,日用序数词
如:May the first / the first f May 5月1日
August the eighth / the eighth f August 8月1日
March 18th, 1978 1978年3月18日
③ 可以用于分数的表达;
分子是基数词,分母是序数词;当分子大于1时,分母用复数形式
如: tw fifths ne third six sevenths
注意:1/2通常读作 a (ne) half
1/4可读作 a (ne) furth或a (ne) quarter
④ 表示编号的时候,经常把基数词放在名词的前面表示顺序
相当于 the+序数词+ 名词,也可以用 “ 名词 + 基数词 ”
如:Lessn Five=the fifth lessn 第五课
⑤ 可以用于倍数表达,”基数词 + times“ 表示“...是...几倍”
= twice / duble
= twice / duble
如:This rm is tw times as big as that ne.
This rm is tw times bigger than that ne.
= twice / duble
This rm is tw times the size f that ne.
语法一致原则
主要指语法形式上一致,即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致,这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。
He is a famus singer.
The bys wh are playing the guitar are my cusins.
Life is full f the unexpected.
A sad mvie makes me cry.
Their mther cks breakfast fr them every mrning.
意义一致原则
以主语表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单、复数。这一原则多适用于句中主语为集体名词、“the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing”、以-s结尾的名词、what-从句;由and或连接的并列主语;主语为时间、度量、价值、数目等意义的词语、某些不定代词、what、which、wh等。
The class is mre than fifty students.(class指班级)
Generally speaking, the disable need mre help.
Smene is kncking at the dr.
就近原则
谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。这一原则多适用于“there be”句型、由r, , , nt als...连接的并列主语以及倒装句型。
There is an apple and tw pears n the table.
There are tw pears and an apple n the table.
真题感知
一、单项选择
1.There are ________ students in that schl.
A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundred fD.five hundred
2.Althugh peple were pr in ________, ________ they were happy.
A.the 1980s; /B.1980s; butC.the 1980s; but
3.Mre than ________ students in the N. 1 Middle Schl will leave schl in July.
A.nine hundred fB.nine hundredC.nine hundreds fD.nine hundreds
4.Shanghai is ne f the largest cities in the wrld. There are ________ peple living in Shanghai.
A.twelve millinsB.millin fC.furteen millins fD.millins f
5.Mrs Green lives in an ld apartment with ________ flrs and she is ging t celebrate her ________ birthday.
A.five; fiftiethB.fifth; the fiftiethC.five; the fiftiethD.fifth; fiftieth
6.—What’s the English fr 9:50?
—It’s ________.
A.ten t nineB.nine fifteenC.ten past tenD.nine fifty
7.—Tday’s ________ class is music and it is my favrite.
—I like music, t.
A.neB.the neC.firstD.the first
8.Cme n, Jack! It’s _________ nw. We must take a taxi t get t schl befre eight.
A.half past eightB.a quarter t nineC.twenty t eight
9.Peple in my twn thrw__________ plastic bags alng this street every day.
A.hundred fB.hundreds fC.hundredD.hundreds
10.They usually eat dinner at ________ in the evening.
A.a quarter t sevenB.a quarter sevenC.seven a halfD.a half seven
11.Linda, a ________ girl, can sing 100 English sngs.
A.3-years-ldB.3-year-ldC.3-years’ ldD.3 year’s ld
12.— Tim is________ years ld and tday is his________ birthday.
— Happy birthday t him.
A.twelf; twelfthB.twelve; twelfthC.furty; furtieth
13.This picture isn’t beautiful. Culd yu shw me _________ ne?
A.therB.the therC.antherD.thers
14.I’m ________ , and I have a ________ sister.
A.15 year ld, 16-year-ldB.15 year ld, 16-years-ld
C.15 years ld, 16-year-ldD.15-year-ld; 16 years ld
15.Lisa is still hungry. She wants _______.
A.tw anther eggsB.tw ther eggC.anther tw eggsD.ther tw eggs
16.There are frty students in Class One, Grade Seven. They are frm five cuntries. Accrding t the chart belw, ___________ students cme frm Western cuntries.
A.8B.18C.22
17.In ur city museum, there are many ld things frm tw ________ years ag n shw.
A.thusandB.thusandsC.thusand fD.thusands f
18.There are ________ students in ur schl.
A.three hundredsB.three hundreds fC.hundreds fD.hundred f
19.Tm is ________ years ld. Tday is his ________ birthday.
A.seventh; sevenB.eighth; eighthC.nine; ninthD.seven; seven
20.February is the ________ mnth f a year.
A.twB.secndC.threeD.third
21.Linda is my ______ friend in the new class. And I have ______ friends here nw.
A.the fifth, fiveB.fifth, fiveC.five, the fifthD.fifth, the five
22.Water cvers mst parts f the earth. Abut ________ f the earth is cvered with water.
A.ne furthB.a halfC.ne thirdD.tw thirds
23.Lk! This is my family pht. There ________ fur peple in my family.
A.haveB.areC.hasD.is
24.—Is there a bkstre near yur schl, Linda?
—________. I ften g there t read bks after schl.
A.Yes, it isB.Yes, there isC.N, it isn’tD.N, there isn’t
25.—What’s n the desk?
—There ________ a pen and tw bks n it.
A.isB.areC.be
26.A wman with a yung by ________ getting int uncle’s car.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
27.Linda as well as her parents ________ crazy abut the TV play. They watch it every day.
A.areB.isC.wereD.was
28.—Where is Tm?
—He with his classmates ________ basketball ver there.
A.is playingB.playingC.playsD.play
29.Mm, my clthes _________ ld. I want sme new nes.
A.areB.isC.am
30.The ppulatin f China _______ 1.3 billin.
A.haveB.hasC.areD.is
31.---What__________the number f the students in yur class?
--- Abut 45. A number f them_________frm the cuntryside.
A.is, areB.is, isC.are, isD.are, are
32.Lk! This ________ my family. These ________ my parents.
A.is; areB.are; isC.is; isD.are; are
33.Mary and I ________ in the same class. She ________ my gd friend.
A.are; areB.am; isC.are; isD.is; is
34.—D yu ________ a ruler, Helen?
—N, but Tny ________ ne.
A.have; haveB.have; hasC.has; hasD.has; have
35.—________ a clck n the wall. It ________ three hands.
—I can see it.
A.There’s; hasB.There’re; hasC.There have; hasD.There has; have
36.—Let’s ________ a walk nw.
—That ________ great.
A.take, sundsB.taking, sundingC.take, sundD.takes, sunds
37.—Is there a hspital near here?
—________. Walk alng the rad until yu reach the end. It’s n yur left.
A.Yes, it isB.N, there isn’tC.N, it isn’tD.Yes, there is
38.There ________ nt s many peple here n vacatin last summer.
A.haveB.hadC.areD.were
39.Bb, there ________ sme milk and eggs n the table. Yu can have them.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
40.David, there ________ a dictinary and sme bks n yur desk. Please put them away.
A.isB.areC.haveD.has目录
考点聚焦:核心考点+中考点,有的放矢
重点速记:知识点和关键点梳理,查漏补缺
难点强化:难点内容标注与讲解,能力提升
学以致用:真题感知+提升专练,全面突破
first 1st
secnd 2nd
third 3rd
furth 4th
fifth 5th
sixth 6th
seventh 7th
eighth 8th
ninth 9th
tenth 10th
eleventh 11th
twelfth 12th
thirteenth 13th
furteenth 14th
fifteenth 15th
sixteenth 16th
seventeenth 17th
eighteenth 18th
nineteenth 19th
twentieth 20th
twenty-first 21st
twenty-secnd 22nd
thirtieth 30th
frtieth 40th
fiftieth 50th
sixtieth 60th
seventieth 70th
eightieth 80th
ninetieth 90th
hundredth 100th
ne hundred and first 101st
基数词变序数词记忆口诀
基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th。
一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d。
八去t,九除e,ve要用f替,ty将y变成i,th前面有个e。
若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。
整十基数变序数,先把ty变成tie,要是遇上两位数,十位基数,个位序,th最后加上去。
The USA
Thailand
The UK
China
Australia
15%
25%
10%
1/5
?
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