2023-2024学年北京市第四中学高三下学期三模英语试卷（含详细答案解析）

这是一份2023-2024学年北京市第四中学高三下学期三模英语试卷（含详细答案解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，阅读表达，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、阅读理解：本大题共14小题，共28分。
A
Students applying t clleges that use the Cmmn Applicatin shuld hand in an essay f 650 wrds. That includes the essay title, ntes, and any ther text that yu include in the essay.
What Can Yu Accmplish in 650 Wrds?
Even if yu take advantage f the full length available t yu, keep in mind that 650 wrds is nt a lng essay. It’s rughly the equivalent f a tw-page, duble-spaced essay. Mst essays tend t be between three and eight paragraphs depending n the applicant’s writing style and essay strategy.
As yu plan yur essay, yu definitely want t keep the length requirement in mind. Many applicants attempt t d t much with their essays and then struggle t edit them dwn t 650 wrds. Realize the purpse f the persnal statement is nt t tell yur life stry r t give an exhaustive verview f all f yur accmplishments. Let yur list f extracurricular activities, academic recrd, letters f recmmendatin, and supplemental essays and materials shw yur range f accmplishments. The persnal statement is nt the place fr lng lists r catalgs f achievement.
T write an engaging and effective 650 wrd r shrter essay, yu need t have a sharp fcus. Narrate a single event, r illuminate a single passin r talent. Allw enugh space fr self-reflectin s that whatever yur tpic is yu spend at least sme time talking abut its significance t yu.
Again, use the essay t narrate an engaging stry. Make sure it highlights smething yu care abut deeply, and be sure t prvide a windw int yur interests r persnality that isn’t already bvius frm the rest f yur applicatin.
A Final Wrd Abut Essay Length
With the primary Cmmn Applicatin essay, yu will need t cme in at 650 wrds r fewer. Hwever, yu will find that mst supplemental essays n the Cmmn Applicatin have different length guidelines, and clleges that dn’t use the Cmmn Applicatin will have differing length requirements. N matter what the circumstances, make sure yu fllw the guidelines. If an essay shuld be 350 wrds, dn’t write 370.
Finally, keep in mind that what yu say and hw yu say it is far mre imprtant than whether yu have 550 wrds r 650 wrds. If yu’ve said all yu have t say in 500 wrds, dn’t try t pad yur essay t make it lnger. Regardless f length, the best writing will tell a cmpelling stry, prvide insight t yur character and interests, and are written with crisp and engaging prse.
1.Accrding t the passage, what might be a right thing t d while writing an essay?
A. T tell sme interesting life stries.
B. T list all the pssible achievements.
C. T shw the range f accmplishments.
D. T highlight the fcus f ne single event.
2.As fr the essay length, the applicant ________.
A. shuld fllw the guidelines.
B. can set his r her wn limit accrdingly
C. shuld make sure it n less than 650 wrds
D. can write mre than 650 wrds when necessary
3.What is the purpse f the passage?
A. T stress the imprtance f essay writing.
B. T intrduce methds f writing a gd essay.
C. T advertise a writing curse fr cllege students.
D. T remind the applicants f the length f their essay.
B
My daughter was being thrwn ut f the sixth grade. The teacher said, “She may nt be up t what we’re trying t accmplish.” He was really saying she didn’t have the intelligence. I gt mad because I knew she was smart, just as my father had knwn I was smart when I was failing in schl. We had her tested. I decided t get myself tested as well, and fund that the trubles she was having were exactly what I had had — dyslexia. By then I was a successful televisin writer, and had wn an Emmy Award fr “The Rckfrd Files.”
If I had knwn earlier that smething beynd my cntrl culd explain why I was a lw achiever, I may nt have wrked s hard in my late 20s and early 30s. I was writing and writing. I was wrking fr n ther reasn than t hear peple praise me, because I did badly in all my curses.
I nce asked a friend wh had always gtten an A, “Hw lng did yu study fr this?” He said, “I didn’t. I just glanced at it.” S he must be smarter. I began t ask, “What will happen t me when I’m nt gd at anything?” Despite my dubts, I did becme successful, and peple nw say t me, “S yu’ve vercme dyslexia.”
N. Yu dn’t vercme it, yu learn t cmpensate fr it. Sme easy things are very hard fr me. Mst peple wh g thrugh cllege read twice as fast as I d. I avid dialing a phne if I can, because I smetimes have t try three times t get the number right.
Despite my weaknesses I view dyslexia as a gift, nt a curse (诅咒). Many dyslexics are gd at right-brain, abstract thught, and that’s what my kind f creative writing is. And I can write quickly, and can get up t 15 pages a day. Writing is my strength.
The real fear I have fr dyslexic children is nt they have t struggle in schl, but that they will quit n themselves befre they get ut f schl. Parents have t create victries fr them, whether it’s music, sprts r art. Yu can make yur dyslexic child able t say, “Yeah, reading is hard. But I have ther things I can d.”
4.The writer decided t get himself tested as well because he________.
A. wanted t knw if they had the same prblem
B. didn’t believe his daughter had the prblem
C. had t take a regular medical examinatin
D. accepted that his daughter was nt smart
5.We can learn frm the secnd paragraph that the writer________.
A. struggled and gt better grades
B. didn’t wrk hard when he was yung
C. was praised fr vercming dyslexia
D. was thankful nt knwing f dyslexia earlier
6.Accrding t the passage, a dyslexic persn________.
A. is less intelligent
B. always fails in schl
C. reads mre slwly than nrmal peple
D. perfrms wrse in left-brain activities
7.What can we learn frm the stry?
A. Clumsy birds have t start flying early.
B. Gd shuts ne dr but pens anther.
C. Never judge a persn by his appearance.
D. N ne can make a gd cat with bad clth.
C
Delivering life-saving drugs directly t the brain in a safe and effective way is a challenge fr medical prviders. One key reasn: the bld-brain barrier, which prtects the brain frm tissuespecific drug delivery. Methds such as an injectin r a pill aren’t as precise r immediate as dctrs might prefer, and ensuring delivery right t the brain ften requires invasive, risky techniques.
A team f engineers frm Washingtn University in St. Luis has develped a new nan-particle generatin-delivery methd that culd smeday vastly imprve drug delivery t the brain, making it as simple as a sniff.
“This wuld be a nan-particle nasal spray, and the delivery system culd allw medicine t reach the brain within 30 minutes t ne hur,” said Ramesh Raliya, research scientist at the Schl f Engineering & Applied Science.
“The bld-brain barrier prtects the brain frm freign substances in the bld that may injure the brain.” Raliya said. “But when we need t deliver smething there, getting thrugh that barrier is difficult and invasive. Our nn-invasive technique can deliver drugs via nan-particles, s there’s less risk and better respnse times.”
The nvel apprach is based n aersl (喷雾) science and engineering principles that allw the generatin f mn-disperse nan-particles, which can depsit n upper regins f the nasal cavity via spread. The nan-particles were tagged with markers, allwing the researchers t track their mvement.
Next, researchers expsed lcusts’ (蝗虫)antenna t the aersl, and bserved the nanparticles travel frm the antennas up thrugh the lfactry nerve, which is used t sense the smell. Due t their tiny size, the nan-particles passed thrugh the brain-bld barrier, reaching the brain and spreading all ver it in a matter f minutes.
The team tested the cncept in lcusts because the bld-brain barriers in the insects and humans have similarities. “The shrtest and pssibly the easiest path t the brain is thrugh yur nse,” said Barani Raman, assciate prfessr f bimedical engineering. “Yur nse, the lfactry bulb and then lfactry crtex: tw steps and yu’ve reached the crtex.”
T determine whether r nt the freign nan-particles disrupted nrmal brain functin, Saha examined the physilgy respnse f lfactry neurns in the lcusts befre and after the nan-particle delivery and fund n nticeable change in the electr-physilgical respnses was detected.
This is nly a beginning f a set f studies that can be perfrmed t make nan-particle-based drug delivery appraches mre principled, Raman said. The next phase f research invlves fusing the gld nan-particles with varius medicines, and using ultrasund t target a mre precise dse t specific areas f the brain, which wuld be especially beneficial in brain-tumr cases.
8.What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Dctrs prefer using methds like an injectin t treat diseases.
B. Lcusts were tagged with markers t track their mvement.
C. The bld-brain barrier lwers the effectiveness f a pill.
D. The medicine culd reach the brain within half an hur.
9.The researchers fcused their study n lcusts because __________.
A. The shrtest and pssibly the safest path t the brain is thrugh human’s nses
B. the delivery prcess cnsists f the lfactry bulb and the lfactry crtex
C. lcusts have changeable electrphysilgical respnses t nan-particles
D. human and lcusts have similar structures that prtect brain frm freign substances
10.What is the passage mainly abut?
A. a nvel methd f treating brain disease
B. a challenge facing medical staff
C. a prblem in drug delivery
D. a technique t imprve dctr’s ability
D
Psychlgical science is full f interesting tpics, many f which tell a cherent picture f human nature, but sme f which create seemingly cntradictry stries. A case in pint is the tricky, and misunderstd, verlap between strength-based science and the research n narcissism (自恋).
There is nw cnvincing evidence t shw that narcissism is n the rise, especially in ur yuth. Sme researchers have gne s far as t say that it is ccurring in epidemic prprtins, with abut 25% f yung peple shwing symptms f narcissism. The inflated eg f Generatin Me is reflected in reality TV, celebrity wrship, ut-f-cntrl cnsumerism and materialism…perhaps even a new type f president.
We are crrect t be cncerned abut this phenmenn but ur fear that all kids are ptential narcissists has caused an unhelpful cunter-reactin t appraches that seek t make ur children and teens feel gd abut themselves.
In my wn research n strength-based parenting it is cmmn fr peple t wrngly label this apprach as a recipe fr narcissism. Their argument seems t be that a child wh knws their strengths will autmatically view themselves as better than everyne else. It is argued that the self-assurance that cmes with identifying and using their psitive qualities will make a child arrgant, selfish and uncaring. Genuine cnfidence abut ne's strengths is categrized as ver-cnfidence; desirable self-knwledge is branded as excessive self-admiratin.
Why des this ccur? It's partly because mre is knwn abut narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychlgy has largely stayed within the limit f academic jurnals r has been applied nly within certain cntexts such as the wrkplace, research n narcissism has made its way int the mass media and int ur cllective cnsciusness. The New Yrk Times nted that narcissism is a favred "g-t" tpic and that peple everywhere are diagnsing thers with it.
The fear that a strength-based apprach will cause narcissism als ccurs because we unknwingly fall prey t binary (非此即彼) thinking. We mistakenly believe that ne cannt be bth cnfident and humble. We fcus n Dnald Trump and Kim Kardashian rather than Mahatma Gandhi and Mther Teresa. There's n way that Gandhi and Mther Teresa culd have achieved what they did withut cnfidence in their strengths, and yet they are bth pillars f mdesty and selflessness.
When we assume that strength-fcus is the same as a self-fcus, We fail t entertain the idea that peple wh knw their strengths are, actually, mre likely t be pr-scial and fcus n helping thers.
It's tempting t cnclude that every yung persn is at risk f becming a narcissist but I'd like t stand up fr the thusands f yung kids I have wrked with wh are caring, thughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths.
11.Why teenagers' strengths are ften mistaken fr narcissism?
A. Strengths psychlgy is less accessible t the general public.
B. Academic jurnals and mass media reprt mre n narcissism.
C. There is a lack f strengths in ur cllective cnsciusness.
D. Numbers f peple are diagnsed with narcissism by dctrs.
12.The authr mentins Gandhi and Teresa in paragraph 6 t shw that________.
A. they are bth victims f binary thinking
B. ne can be bth mdest and sure f himself
C. cnfidence is quite imprtant fr celebrities
D. public figures unknwingly fall prey t narcissism
13.What's the authr's attitude twards yung kids' strength-based appraches?
A. Skeptical.B. Favrable.C. Neutral.D. Cautius.
14.Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Teens' Strength PsychlgyB. Teens' Narcissism Diagnsis
C. Teen's Anxiety and DepressinD. Teens' Cnfidence Misunderstd
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共10分。
My, what a big beak yu have!
Fr humans, adapting t climate change will mstly be a matter f technlgy. Mre air cnditining, better-designed huses and bigger fld defenses may help t make the effects f a warmer wrld less harmful. 15 In a paper published in Trends & Evlutin, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shws that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bdies f many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears.
In sme species f Australian parrt, fr instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Anther study, this time in Nrth American dark-eyed juncs, anther bird, fund the same pattern. 16
All that is perfectly cnsistent with evlutinary thery. “Allen’s rule”, named fr Jel Asaph Allen, wh suggested it in 1877, hlds that warm-blded animals in ht places tend t have larger bdy parts than thse in temperate (温带的) regins. 17 Being richly filled with bld vessels, and nt cvered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place fr birds t get rid f heat. Fennec fxes, meanwhile, which are native t the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially cmpared with their Arctic cusins.
Ms. Ryding is nt the first researcher t take that apprach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, t prve that climate change was the cause f an anatmical (解剖学的) changes. All srts f ther factrs, frm changes in prey t the evlving reprductive preferences f males r females, might have been driving the changes. 18 The team cmbined data frm different species in different places. Since they have little in cmmn apart frm living n a warming planet, climate change is the mst reasnable explanatin.
19 That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evlutinary adaptatin cmes with trade-ffs (妥协), it is unclear hw far the prcess might g. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, fr instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cst mre energy t grw.
A．Hwever, lking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer.
B．Fr nw, at least, the increase is small, never much mre than 10%.
C．Animals will have t rely n changing their bdies r their behavirs.
D．It seems that the future wrld is ging t be htter than humans are used t.
E．Therefre, the negative effects f a warmer wrld are visible in these animals’ bdies.
F．Such adaptatins bst an animal’s surface area relative t its bdy, helping it t release extra heat.
G．Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species f mice and bats evlving bigger ears, legs and wings.
15.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共10小题，共15分。

My wife and I usually dn’t keep huseplants. Anything in pts gets either verwatered r underwatered. But after my diagnsis with a brain cancer, I lved the idea f having smething green and 20 arund us.
Last year, my friend Mitch gave me a lucky bamb plant. Tending t the plant gave me a sense f 21 at a time when I smetimes felt useless because my ability t mve was limited. As a physician, I was used t being the ne wh 22 care. Watering the plant 23 me t a cre part f my ld identity and taught me I culd still be a caregiver.
Hwever, after several weeks grwing in perfect cnditin, the plant 24 began t shw signs f stress. N matter what I did, the leaves kept 25 and drpping t the flr.
“I can’t even care fr a simple plant!” I yelled. “If my lucky bamb dies, I might die t!”
Identifying with the green and grwing plant had ffered me cmfrt. But when the tree was struggling, I felt increasingly uneasy and 26 .
It was several mnths later when I recvered frm surgery that I realized I had wrngly linked my careful nurturing f the plant—smething ver which I had at least sme cntrl—with my wn 27 —smething ver which I had n cntrl.
As my 28 lessened, I began t study nline tutrials t figure ut hw t care fr the tree. I transplanted it t a larger pt, and when it was back in the sunny windw, we bth began t thrive (旺盛) again.
Nw whenever I lk at the tree in its new pt, I make a pint t relax and think f the things I can 29 .
20.A. aliveB. primitiveC. delicateD. mature
21.A. warmthB. reliefC. achievementD. security
22.A. valuedB. neededC. prvidedD. lacked
23.A. addedB. cnnectedC. adaptedD. cmpared
24.A. casuallyB. interestinglyC. genuinelyD. mysteriusly
25.A. spreadingB. brwningC. wavingD. dancing
26.A. fearfulB. inncentC. faithfulD. dishnest
27.A. dreamB. successC. capabilityD. survival
28.A. discntentB. anxietyC. dubtD. sympathy
29.A. giveB. shareC. decideD. preserve
四、语法填空：本大题共3小题，共45分。
30.One evening I was ging back frm a supermarket. As I apprached my car, I nticed ne persn 1 seemed a bum (流浪汉) standing beside me. I expected that he wuld ask me 2 sme mney, s I asked him if he needed help and his respnse was “Dn’t we all?” I have never heard wrds 3 (astnishing) than thse. Althugh I had mney and a place 4 (sleep) in, I recgnized that I needed help t. It was a true discvery t me.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
31.While engagement has never been mre 1 (challenge) fr schls t achieve, it’s als mre critical than ever. Engagement is mre than just ensuring that lessns are fun. Upn deeper examinatin, engagement and mtivatin 2 (drive) by several factrs. D students get an pprtunity t help shape their gals and the prcess by which they are learning t achieve them? Des every student feel 3 (supprt) at schl? When these things are true, learning happens.
(1)
(2)
(3)
32.The prtectin f the Yellw River is ne f the tp cncerns fr Chinese leadership. In the past tw decades, the Chinese gvernment 1 (strengthen) the prtectin f wetlands alng the Yellw River, 2 (make) varius wild birds gather in this area. The rising number f wild birds has brught a benefit fr birdwatchers, wh are very thankful fr 3 the gvernment has dne fr the peple. Further effrts will be made t bring mre beautiful envirnment t the Yellw River.
(1)
(2)
(3)
五、阅读表达：本大题共1小题，共10分。
33.The Weight f White Lies
A man taking his mther t a surprise party tells her they’re ging t the mall. A wman fibs that the stre was ut f her verweight byfriend’s favrite junk fd. A tutr assures his student that her sptty resumé lks fine.
Even benevlent frms f deceptin cme in shades f acceptability, and peple wh learn that they have been misled dn’t always see it the way deceivers d. A lie that’s meant t inflate smene’s cnfidence r discurage a bad habit, fr example, ften invlves making a judgment abut what’s best fr that persn. That presumptin can backfire.
In recent experiments, participants playing an ecnmic game n a cmputer received a tip that led them t ne f tw pssible payffs. Sme learned that the sender f the tip had lied t them t secure them a particular ptin. If the best ptin had been debatable rather than bvius—such as receiving $10 right away rather than $30 after three mnths—participants judged that persn as less mral fr lying and were less satisfied with the utcme, n average, even if it was the ne they had previusly said they preferred. “Peple seem t feel they have a right t the truth, and that by taking that away, yu diminish their ability t act freely,” says study c-authr Matthew Lupli, a Ph.D．candidate at the University f Califrnia, San Dieg.
Making up falsehds isn’t the nly way t kindly deceive, thugh: Yu might als simply leave ut unpleasant facts. Recent studies by University f Chicag researcher Emma Levine and clleagues examined bth types f lie in hypthetical patient-dctr talks and ther cntexts.
Peple in the rle f deceiver tended t view the missin f ptentially harmful details (such as a pr prgnsis) as cmparable t r mre acceptable than ffering a cmfrting fictin (that a patient’s utlk was favrable). But thse in the rle f the deceived ften cnsidered false-but-supprtive statements mre tlerable than lies f missin. Fr deceivers, actively cmmitting a lie feels mre intentinal and might prvke mre guilt than missin, Levine says. But the targets f deceptin “aren’t likely t be sensitive t these differences because they just experience the cnsequences.”
In general, hnesty is prbably still the best plicy. A lie that prvides sme emtinal benefits and has little dwnside culd be the clsest secnd.
(1) What is the presumptin peple make when telling a white lie (a lie that’s meant t be gd)?_______________
(2) What are the ways t kindly deceive thers? ________________
(3) Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Thse in the rle f the deceived ften cnsidered lies f missin mre tlerable than false-but-supprtive statements.
_______________
(4) D yu prefer t be hnest r tell a white lie when infrming yur friend f smething unpleasant? Why? (In abut 40 wrds) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共25分。
34.题目一：假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。日前，你的英国笔友Jim来信与你交流思想，话题是“如果你未来的人生是一本书，你会起一个什么书名？”请你用英文回信，内容包括：
1. 拟定书名；
2. 解释理由。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
题目二：假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英国交换生 Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他想报名参加主题为“魅力中国”（ Charming China）的网络短视频大赛，向你征求创意，请你给Jim 回信，内容包括：
1. 推荐拍摄内容；
2. 说明推荐理由。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、A、D
【解析】【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了申请大学的论文的650字应该写什么，以及文章的具体长度是什么。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Let yur list f extracurricular activities, academic recrd, letters f recmmendatin, and supplemental essays and materials shw yur range f accmplishments. The persnal statement is nt the place fr lng lists r catalgs f achievement.(让你的课外活动清单、学术记录、推荐信、补充文章和材料显示你的成就范围。)”可知，写论文时，你需要显示出你的成就范围，故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章A Final Wrd Abut Essay Length部分“N matter what the circumstances, make sure yu fllw the guidelines. If an essay shuld be 350 wrds, dn’t write 370.(不论在什么情况下，都要确保遵守准则。如果一篇文章应该是350字，就不要写370字。)”可知，关于论文的长度，申请者需要遵守准则，故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Students applying t clleges that use the Cmmn Applicatin shuld hand in an essay f 650 wrds. (申请使用通用应用程序的大学生应该要提交一篇650字的论文。)”以及后文的两个小标题“What Can Yu Accmplish in 650 Wrds?(在650字内，你应该写什么？)”“A Final Wrd Abut Essay Length(论文长度的最终提示。)”可知，本篇文章主要介绍了论文的长度限制，故文章的目的在于提醒申请者所写论文的长度，故选D。
4~7.【答案】A、D、C、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文是记叙文。作者从女儿患读写困难症，谈到自己也有读写困难，但是作者通过自己的努力成为了一位成功的电视作家，并获得了艾米奖。作者认为读写困难不是诅咒，而是礼物。上帝给你关上一扇门的同时必然会为你打开一扇窗。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的We had her tested. I decided t get myself tested as well, and fund that the trubles she was having were exactly what I had had — dyslexia.可知，作者和女儿一起做了检测，发现女儿的确有和作者曾经有的一样的问题——读写困难。因此推断，作者决定自己也做检查是因为他想要知道是否他和女儿有同样的问题。故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段的If I had knwn earlier that smething beynd my cntrl culd explain why I was a lw achiever, I may nt have wrked s hard in my late 20s and early 30s.(如果我早些时候知道一些超出我控制范围的事情可以解释为什么我是一个学渣，我可能在20多岁和30多岁的时候没有这么努力)可知，作者感激没有早知道有读写困难症。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段的Mst peple wh g thrugh cllege read twice as fast as I d.(大多数读大学的人读得比我快两倍)可知，一个读写困难的人读得比正常人慢。故选C。
4.
推理判断题。根据最后一段的Despite my weaknesses I view dyslexia as a gift, nt a curse (诅咒). Many dyslexics are gd at right-brain, abstract thught, and that’s what my kind f creative writing is. And I can write quickly, and can get up t 15 pages a day. Writing is my strength.
(尽管我有弱点，但我认为诵读困难是一种礼物，而不是一种诅咒。许多诵读困难者擅长右脑、抽象思维，这就是我的创造性写作。我能写得很快，每天最多能写 15页。写作是我的力量)可推断，上帝给你关上一扇门的同时必然会为你打开一扇窗。故选B。
8~10.【答案】C、D、A
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员研发了一种新的风险低、反应快的纳米粒子生成输送方法，通过纳米颗粒向大脑输送药物，改善药物的疗效。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“One key reasn: the bld-brain barrier, which prtects the brain frm tissue-specific drug delivery. Methds such as an injectin r a pill aren’t as precise r immediate as dctrs might prefer, and ensuring delivery right t the brain ften requires invasive, risky techniques.”（一个关键原因是血脑屏障，它保护大脑不受组织特异性药物输送的影响。注射或服用药片等方法并不像医生所希望的那样精确或即时，确保将药物正确输送到大脑往往需要侵入性的、有风险的技术。）可知，血脑屏障保护大脑不受组织特异性药物输送的影响，会影响药片的精确性和及时性，降低其有效性。故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“The team tested the cncept in lcusts because the bld-brain barriers in the insects and humans have similarities.”（该团队在蝗虫身上测试了这一概念，因为这种昆虫和人类的血脑屏障有相似之处。）可知，研究人员将研究重点放在蝗虫身上是因为人类和蝗虫具有相似的结构，可以保护大脑免受外来物质的侵害。故选D项。
3. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“A team f engineers frm Washingtn University in St. Luis has develped a new nan-particle generatin-delivery methd that culd smeday vastly imprve drug delivery t the brain, making it as simple as a sniff.”（圣路易斯华盛顿大学的一组工程师开发出了一种新型纳米颗粒生成-输送方法，有朝一日可以大大改善药物向大脑的输送，使其变得像嗅一下一样简单。）可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员研发了一种新的风险低、反应快的纳米粒子生成输送方法，通过纳米颗粒向大脑输送药物，改善药物的疗效。因此，A项“治疗脑部疾病的新方法”符合文章大意。故选A项。
11~14.【答案】A、B、B、D
【解析】【文章大意】本文主要介绍一直以来人们对个人能力和自恋两者之间认识不足而导致对青少年的自信产生误解。
1. 根据第五段中It's partly because mre is knwn abut narcissism than strengths.（部分原因在于我们对能力的认识没有对自恋的认识来的多。）以及While strengths psychlgy has largely stayed... int ur cllective cnsciusness.（关于能力的心理学研究一直以来只在学界流传，而关于自恋的研究却能在大众媒体上传播，融进我们的意识中。）可知，青少年的能力经常被误认为是自恋是因为能力心理学不太容易为大众所接受。故选A。
2. 根据六段中We mistakenly believe that ne cannt be bth cnfident and humble.（我们错误地认为人不可能在自信的同时保持谦逊。）和以Mahatma Gandhi和Mther Teresa为例There's n way... and yet they are bth pillars f mdesty and selflessness.（如果对自己的力量没有信心，Gandhi和Mther Teresa是不可能取得他们所取得的成就的，然而他们都是谦逊和无私的丰碑。）可知，提到这两个是为了说明一个人可以既谦虚又自信。故选B。
3. 根据最后一段中but I'd like t stand up fr the thusands f yung kids I have wrked with wh are caring, thughtful and humble—even when they use their strengths（但我想为我工作过的成千上万的孩子们站起来，他们有爱心、有想法、谦逊——即使他们发挥了自己的优势）可知，作者对“幼儿自信建立法”是赞同的。故选B。
4. 通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一直以来人们对个人能力和自恋两者之间的认识不足导致对青少年的自信产生误解。所以D项（青少年的自信被误解）作为题目最合适。故选D。
15~19.【答案】C、G、F、A、B
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。讲述了地球变暖正在改变动物的外貌，如嘴巴变大。
1. 根据上文“Fr humans, adapting t climate change will mstly be a matter f technlgy. Mre air cnditining, better-designed huses and bigger fld defenses may help mitigate the effects f a warm wrld. (对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是技术问题。更多的空调、更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于缓解全球变暖的影响)”可知，人类依靠的是科学技术来适应气候变化。选项C“动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应）。”承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。从而引出下文对于动物适应气候变化发生的变化的讲述，上下文通顺合理。故选C项。
2. 空处位于段末应承接上文。上文“In sme species f Australian parrt, fr instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Anther study, this time in Nrth American dark-eyed juncs, anther bird, fund the same pattern. (例如，在一些澳大利亚鹦鹉中，自1871年以来，喙的大小增加了4%到10%。另一项研究，这次是在另一种鸟类北美黑眼鹦鹉中，发现了同样的模式)”列举了一些动物因为天气变暖，喙变大的例子。由此推知，空处承接上文，继续举例。选项G“哺乳动物也有类似的趋势，老鼠、鼩鼱和蝙蝠进化出更大的耳朵、尾巴、腿和翅膀”符合语境，是动物应对天气变化外貌发生变化的例子。故选G项。
3. 根据上文“‘Allen’s rule’, named fr Jel Asaph Allen, wh suggested it in 1877, hlds that warm-blded-animals in ht places tend t have larger appendages (附属物) than thse in less ht regins. (“艾伦法则”是以Jel Asaph Allen的名字命名的，他在1877年提出了这一法则，认为在炎热地区的温血动物往往比在不那么炎热地区的动物有更大的附属物)”可知，炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，选项F“这种适应性增加了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积，帮助它释放多余的热量。”解释了这种现象的产生原因。下文“Being richly filled with bld vessels, and nt cvered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place fr birds t get rid f heat. Fennec fxes, meanwhile, which are native t the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially cmpared with their Arctic cusins.( 喙拥有丰富的血管，没有绝缘羽毛覆盖，是鸟类散热的理想场所。又比如，与它们的北极近亲相比，原产于撒哈拉沙漠的芬内克狐狸有着惊人的大耳朵)”举例说明动物的这种适应性。上下文通顺合理。故选F项。
4. 根据下文“The team cmbined data frm different species in different places. (她的团队综合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据)”可知，团队综合了更多地方的数据，选项A“然而，从更大的角度来看，形式更清晰。”说明观察更多会更清楚地看到这种模式，符合语境，上下文通顺合理。故选A项。
5. 根据下文“That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evlutinary adaptatin cmes with trade-ffs (妥协), it is unclear hw far the prcess might g. (随着气候变暖的加速，这种情况可能会改变。由于任何进化适应都会进行利弊权衡，因此尚不清楚这一过程会走多远)”可知，未来这种情况的变化，that指代上文提到的情况，选项B“至少就目前而言，增幅很小，从未超过10%。”说明现在的变化情况，上下文合理通顺，下文预测这种情况的发展,，且下文中的“That may change”指代选项B中的增长。故选B项。
20~29.【答案】A、C、C、B、D、B、A、D、B、C
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了得了脑癌之后，作者开始养绿植，结果因为自己的焦虑让叶子开始变黄，作者意识到了自己的错误观念，减轻了焦虑，绿植也恢复了健康。
1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是在我被诊断出患有脑癌之后，我喜欢我们周围有绿色和有生命的东西的想法。A. alive有生命的，活着的；B. primitive原始的；C. delicate柔和的；D. mature成熟的。根据后文“I lved the idea f having smething green and”指绿色有生命的东西，故选A。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：照顾这棵植物给了我一种成就感，因为我有时会因为行动能力有限而感到无用。A. warmth温暖；B. relief安慰；C. achievement成就；D. security安全。根据后文“at a time when I smetimes felt useless because my ability t mve was limited”可知，作者有时会因为行动能力有限而感到无用，所以照顾这棵植物给了自己一种成就感，故选C。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名医生，我已经习惯了提供护理。A. valued重视；B. needed需要；C. prvided提供；D. lacked缺少。根据后文“I culd still be a caregiver”指提供护理，故选C。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：给植物浇水让我想起了我过去身份的一个核心部分，并让我知道我仍然可以成为一名照顾者。A. added增加；B. cnnected联系；C. adapted改编；D. cmpared比较。根据后文“me t a cre part f my ld identity and taught me I culd still be a caregiver”可知，给植物浇水让作者想起了过去身份的核心部分，cnnect sb. t表示“将……与联系”。故选B。
5. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在完美的条件下生长了几个星期后，植物难以理解地开始显示出压力的迹象。A. casually随意地；B. interestingly有趣地；C. genuinely真诚地；D. mysteriusly难以理解地，神秘地。根据后文“N matter what I did, the leaves kept”植物开始掉叶子，可知，作者也不知为何植物难以理解地开始显示出压力的迹象。故选D。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管我怎么做，叶子还是变黄掉到地上。A. spreading传播；B. brwning褐变；C. waving挥舞；D. dancing舞蹈。根据后文“and drpping t the flr”指叶子变黄掉到地上。故选B。
7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当树挣扎时，我感到越来越不安和恐惧。A. fearful害怕的；B. inncent无辜的；C. faithful忠实的；D. dishnest不诚实的。根据上文“I felt increasingly uneasy and”可知，树的状态让作者感到不安和害怕。故选A。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，当我从手术中恢复过来时，我意识到我错误地把我对植物的精心培育——我至少还能控制的事情——和我自己的生存——我无法控制的事情联系在一起。A. dream梦想；B. success成功；C. capability能力；D. survival幸存。结合上文可知作者得了癌症，所以是生存是无法控制的事情。故选D。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我的焦虑减轻，我开始学习在线教程，弄清楚如何照顾这棵树。A. discntent不满足；B. anxiety焦虑；C. dubt怀疑；D. sympathy同情。根据上文“I realized I had wrngly linked my careful nurturing f the plant”可知，作者明白了其中的道理，焦虑也减轻了。故选B。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，每当我看着新花盆里的树，我就会放松下来，想想我能决定的事情。A. give给予；B. share分享；C. decide决定；D. preserve保护。呼应上文“smething ver which I had at least sme cntrl”指作者开始思考自己能够控制决定的事情。故选C。
30.【答案】【小题1】
wh/that
【小题2】
fr
【小题3】
mre astnishing
【小题4】
t sleep
【解析】1. 考查定语从句。句意：当我走近我的车时，我注意到一个人似乎是个流浪汉站在我身边。分析句子结构，此句为限定性定语从句，先行词ne persn在从句作主语，指人，用关系代词wh/that。故填wh或that。
2. 考查介词。句意：我原以为他会向我要钱，所以我问他是否需要帮助，他的回答是：“难道我们都不需要吗？”ask sb. fr sth.询问某人某事，介词fr作宾语补足语，固定搭配。故填fr。
3. 考查形容词比较级。句意：我从未听过比这些更令人惊讶的话。根据句中than可知，此处用形容词比较级，表示“更令人惊讶的”，作表语。故填mre astnishing。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然我有钱，有睡觉的地方，但我意识到我也需要帮助。此处修饰名词place，常用不定式，作后置定语。故填t sleep。
31.【答案】【小题1】
challenging
【小题2】
are driven
【小题3】
supprted
【解析】1. 考查形容词。句意：虽然对学校来说，实现参与度从未像现在这样具有挑战性，但它也比以往任何时候都更加重要。空处应填形容词作表语，故填challenging。
2. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：深入研究后发现，敬业度和积极性是由几个因素驱动的。动词drive和主语engagement and mtivatin之间是被动关系，且句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，故填are driven。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：每个学生在学校都感到被支持吗？supprt和主语student之间是被动关系，此处用过去分词作表语，故填supprted。
32.【答案】【小题1】
has strengthened
【小题2】
making
【小题3】
what
【解析】1. 考查时态。句意：在过去的20年里，中国政府加强了对黄河沿岸湿地的保护，使各种野生鸟类聚集在这一地区。根据时间状语In the past tw decades可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语the Chinese gvernment是单数，谓语动词应用has strengthened。故填has strengthened。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的20年里，中国政府加强了对黄河沿岸湿地的保护，使各种野生鸟类聚集在这一地区。分析句子，空处作非谓语动词，中国政府加强对黄河沿岸湿地的保护，自然产生的结果是使得各种野生鸟类聚集在这一地区，所以空处应用现在分词形式表示自然而然的结果。故填making。
3. 考查宾语从句。句意：野生鸟类数量的增加给观鸟者带来了好处，他们非常感谢政府为人民所做的一切。分析句子，空处引导从句作介词fr的宾语，连接词在宾语从句中作宾语，表示“什么”，应用what引导从句。故填what。
33.【答案】【小题1】
①They think what they d is best fr that persn and can be acceptable.
②It ften invlves making a judgment abut what’s best fr that persn.
【小题2】
Making up falsehds and leaving ut unpleasant facts.
【小题3】
Thse in the rle f the deceived ften cnsidered lies f missin mre tlerable than false-but-supprtive statements.Accrding t the passage, thse in the rle f the deceived ften cnsidered false-but-supprtive statements mre tlerable than lies f missin. (The underlined part is false because it is cntrary t the statement in the text.)
【小题4】
I prefer t be hnest. As is knwn t all, hnesty is the best plicy when cmmunicating with friends, which cntributes t the maintenance f cherished friendship. While it may be uncmfrtable, hnesty builds trust and prevents further misunderstandings r cnflicts. On cntrast, white lies can damage trust and lead t mre significant prblems in the lng run.
【解析】1. 考查细节理解。根据第二段“Even benevlent frms f deceptin cme in shades f acceptability, and peple wh learn that they have been misled dn’t always see it the way deceivers d. A lie that’s meant t inflate smene’s cnfidence r discurage a bad habit, fr example, ften invlves making a judgment abut what’s best fr that persn. That presumptin can backfire.(即使是善意的欺骗形式也有可接受的程度，而那些知道自己被误导的人并不总是像骗子那样看待它。例如，一个旨在增强某人信心或阻止一个坏习惯的谎言，通常涉及对那个人最好的判断。这种假设可能会适得其反)”可知，当人们说善意的谎言时，他们的假设是他们认为他们所做的是对那个人最好的，是可以接受的。或它通常包括判断什么对那个人是最好的。故答案为①They think what they d is best fr that persn and can be acceptable. ②It ften invlves making a judgment abut what’s best fr that persn.
2. 考查细节理解。根据第四段“Making up falsehds isn’t the nly way t kindly deceive, thugh: Yu might als simply leave ut unpleasant facts.(不过，编造谎言并不是善意欺骗的唯一方式：你也可以简单地忽略不愉快的事实)”可知，善意欺骗别人的方法有编造谎言，忽略令人不快的事实。故答案为Making up falsehds and leaving ut unpleasant facts.
3. 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“But thse in the rle f the deceived ften cnsidered false-but-supprtive statements mre tlerable than lies f missin.(但那些被欺骗的人通常认为虚假但支持性的陈述比遗漏的谎言更容易容忍)”可知，错误的部分为“lies f missin mre tlerable than false-but-supprtive statements”，根据这篇文章，那些被欺骗的人通常认为虚假但支持的陈述比遗漏的谎言更容易容忍。（划线部分是错误的，因为它与文中的陈述相反）故答案为Thse in the rle f the deceived ften cnsidered lies f missin mre tlerable than false-but-supprtive statements. Accrding t the passage, thse in the rle f the deceived ften cnsidered false-but-supprtive statements mre tlerable than lies f missin. (The underlined part is false because it is cntrary t the statement in the text.)
4. 考查开放题。根据“当你告诉你的朋友一些不愉快的事情时，你是喜欢诚实还是善意的谎言？为什么？”可回答：我更喜欢诚实。众所周知，诚实是与朋友交往的上策，这有助于保持珍贵的友谊。虽然这可能会让人不舒服，但诚实可以建立信任，防止进一步的误解或冲突。相反，善意的谎言会破坏信任，从长远来看会导致更严重的问题。故答案为I prefer t be hnest. As is knwn t all, hnesty is the best plicy when cmmunicating with friends, which cntributes t the maintenance f cherished friendship. While it may be uncmfrtable, hnesty builds trust and prevents further misunderstandings r cnflicts. On cntrast, white lies can damage trust and lead t mre significant prblems in the lng run.
34.【答案】题目一：
Dear Jim,
I’m thrilled t have received yur letter, and the questin yu psed has sparked my imaginatin. If my future life were t be written int a bk, I wuld entitle it “The Jurney f Endless Learning”.
The title “The Jurney f Endless Learning” encapsulates my aspiratins and beliefs. Life is a cntinuus prcess f grwth and discvery, and I see learning as the key t this jurney. Whether it’s acquiring new skills, bradening my hrizns, r deepening my understanding f the wrld, I believe that learning is a lifelng pursuit. This title represents my dedicatin t lifelng learning and the endless pprtunities it brings.
Lking frward t hearing abut the title yu wuld chse fr yur life’s bk.
Yurs,
Li Hua
题目二：
Dear Jim,
I’m thrilled t hear abut yur interest in participating in the “Charming China” nline shrt vide cntest. Here’s my recmmendatin fr the cntent yu might want t sht.
Cnsider filming a vide shwcasing the unique traditins and festivals in China. China is a cuntry with a rich cultural heritage, and its festivals are an integral part f this. By capturing the celebratins, rituals, and festivities f Chinese festivals, yu can shwcase the vibrant and diverse culture f ur cuntry. This will nt nly appeal t a wide audience but als allw peple t gain a deeper understanding f Chinese traditins.
I believe this tpic will be highly engaging and representative f China’s charm. I’m sure yu’ll be able t create a captivating vide that captures the essence f Chinese festivals and traditins.
Lking frward t seeing yur vide entry!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】【详解】1. 词汇积累
激动的：thrilled→excited
描述：encapsulate→describe
终身的：lifelng→perpetual
奉献：dedicatin→devtin
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Whether it’s acquiring new skills, bradening my hrizns, r deepening my understanding f the wrld, I believe that learning is a lifelng pursuit.
拓展句：Whether it’s acquiring new skills, bradening my hrizns, r deepening my understanding f the wrld, I hld the belief that learning is a lifelng pursuit.
【点睛】【高分句型1】If my future life were t be written int a bk, I wuld entitle it “The Jurney f Endless Learning”. (运用了if引导条件状语从句以及虚拟语气)
【高分句型2】Whether it’s acquiring new skills, bradening my hrizns, r deepening my understanding f the wrld, I believe that learning is a lifelng pursuit. (运用了that引导宾语从句)