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上海市宝山区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量监测英语试卷+
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这是一份上海市宝山区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量监测英语试卷+，共8页。试卷主要包含了 A， A， A， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
(本试卷满分100分 考试时间90分钟)
I.Listening Cmprchensin
Sectin A
Directins:In Sectin A,yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers.At the end f each cnversatin,a questin will be asked abut what was said.The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce.After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it,read the fur pssible answers n yur paper,and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
A.At a car shp. B.At a bus stp. C.At a gas statin. D.In a parking lt.
2. A.$6. B.$2. C.$3. D.$12.
3. A.Teacher and student. B.Father and daughter.
C.Shp assistant and custmer. D.Bss and emplyee.
wrk in July. B.T print a frm
C.T take a vacatin. D.T g back t schl
amazing bk. B.A female writer. C.A scientific field. D.A strng vice.
6. A.He missed it B.He watched it
C.He disliked it. D.He wuld watch it again.
7. A.She wuld rather see a blank wall. B.The wall needs mre space fr it.
C.It shuld be put n anther wall. D.It makes the wall lk better.
8. A.She thinks a hair dryer is an ideal present.
B.She isn't sure hw practical the man's gift is.
C.She wants t knw what's making all the nise.
D.She can't hear anything when the hair dryer is n.
9. A.He did nt attend tday's class. B.His ntes are nt easy t read.
C.His handwriting has a unique style. D.He is very pleased t be able t help.
10. A.He's surprised she chse that agency.
B.He wnders why she still keeps her jb.
C.He dubtshw much mney she makes.
D.He desn't knw when her classes started.
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B,yu will hear ne shrt passage and ne lnger cnversatin,and yu will be asked several questins n the passage and the cnversatin.The passage and the cnversatin will be read twice,but the questins will be spken nly nce.When yu hear a questin,read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne wuld be the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 12 are based n the fllwing passage.
kilmeter-lng beach was practically deserted.
B.The beautiful beach was spiled with lts f trash.
C.Other turists refused t jin in the cleanup.
D.One f his friends was caught littering n the beach.
was turists nt natives wh were cleaning up the beach.
B.The number f turists t the beach is n a steady decline.
C.The lcal beach was plluted t such a severe degree.
D.The turists'gd deed was nt nticed by the lcals.
Questins 13 thrugh 15 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
landed hard when saving animals.
B.He twisted his ankle when playing ftball.
C.He ran t fast when playing with clleagues.
D.He fell ver when running alng the canal.
teach kids sme useful knwledge. B.T learm hw ppular zs culd be.
C.T see sme rare animals in cages. D.T give her little nephew a treat.
caches tennis players every week.
B.Dan is keen n extreme physical activities.
C.The man has been busy reading recently.
D.The wman wants t read smething abut Christmas.
M.Grammar and Vcabulary
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw,fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect.Fr the blanks with a given wrd,fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd;fr the ther blanks,use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Sra:OpenAl will nw let yu create vides frm verbal cues
Artificial intelligence leader OpenAI intrduced a new AI mdel called Sra which it claims can create “realistic”and “imaginative”60-secnd vides frm quick text instructins.In a blg pst n Wednesday,the cmpany said Sra is capable f generating vides up t 60 secnds in length frm text instructins,(16) (serve)up scenes with multiple characters,specific types f mtin,and detailed backgrund details.
This is the latest effrt frm the cmpany behind the viral chatbt ChatGPT,(17) cntinues t push the generative AI mvement frward.(18) “multi-mdal mdels”are nt new and text-t-vide mdels already exist,what sets this apart is the length and accuracy that OpenAI claims Sra t have,accrding t Reece Hayden,a senir analyst at market research firm ABI Research.Hayden said these types f AI mdels (19) have a big impact n digital entertainment markets with new persnalized cntent being streamed acrss channels.
Sra (20) (make)available t nline security prfessrs sn in rder t assess the prduct fr harms r risks.It is als granting access t a number f visual artists,designers and filmmakers t cllect feedback n (21) creative prfessinals culd use it.
Fr nw,OpenAI said Sra is still a wrk (22) prgress with clear“weaknesses,” particularly when it cmes t spatial details f a prmpt-mixing up left and right-and cause and effect.The latest update cmes as OpenAI cntinues t advance ChatGPT.Earlier this week,the cmpany said it is testing a feature in which users can cntrl ChatGPT's memry,allwing them t ask the platfrm t remember chats t make future cnversatins (23) (persnalized)r
tell it t frget smething previusly (24) (discuss).The cmpany als said it plans t wrk with a team f experts(25) (test)the latest mdel and lk clsely at varius areas including misinfrmatin,hateful cntent and prejudice.
Sectin B
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx.Each wrd can nly be used nce.Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Frm rughly the 16th t 19th centuries,much f the Earth was caught by a persistent freezing cld.During this time,the Nrthern Hemisphere(半球)experienced lng stretches f temperatures s cld that peple witnessed crps 26 and rivers freezing -like the Scheldt River.Thusands f peple walking and playing acrss the frzen River Thames;Sldiers n hrseback seeing ships 27 in the ice;Natives using snwshes t utsmart the English army…These were sme f the images that define the Little Ice Age -a perid f several centuries last millennium in which parts f the Nrthern Hemisphere struggled with a(n) 28 cld. But what caused the Little Ice Age,hw lng did it last,hw did peple 29 t the freezing cld-and what lessns can we learn as we enter ur wn perid f climatic change?
The Little Ice Age was nt a true ice age - 30 cling was prbably nly in the rder f 0.5 degrees Celsius,r 1 degree Fahrenheit -nr was it cnsistently cld.Dagmar Degrt, assciate prfessr f envirnmental histry at Gergetwn University has 31 .t the era as a series f “little little ice ages.”
Althugh sme researchers argue it may have begun earlier,NASA defines the Little Ice
Age as beginning arund 1550 and 32 f three cld peaks-arund 1650,1770 and 1850.
Scientists are still wrking ut 33 what caused the Little Ice Age t. Theries 34 frm decreased slar activity t increased vlcanic eruptins,t the decline f ppulatins in Nrth America,which allwed frests t replace agricultural land,in the prcess remving abut seven billin tns f carbn frm the atmsphere.A 2022 study argued that the 35 trigger was actually a rise f extremely warm water flwing nrth frm the trpics in the late 1300s,which pushed Arctic ice int the Nrth Atlantic.
Whatever the cause,the cnsequences f the Little Ice Age have a lasting effect n histry, althugh t what extent is still cntrversial.
A.average
G.failing
B.adapt
H.extremely
C.cnsisting
I.referred
D.persistent j.initial
E.exactly F.stuck
K.range
III.Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A,B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Perhaps n issue attracts mre senir leadership attentin than grwth des,and fr gd reasn.__36_in gains and prfits is the standard by which we tend t measure the cmpetitive fitness and health f cmpanies.Analysts,investrs,and bards are especially cncerned abut grwth_37_t get insight int stck prices._38_are attracted t faster-grwing cmpanies because they ffer better pprtunities fr advancement and higher pay.Suppliers prefer faster-grwing custmers because wrking with them imprves their wn grwth prspects.
While sustained prfitable grwth is a nearly universal gal,it is a(n)__39_ne fr many cmpanies.Many researches cnducted n the lng-term patterms f grwth in suggest that when inflatin (通货膨胀)is 40 ,mst cmpanies barely grw. 41 in an analysis f 10,897 publicly held frm 1976 t 2019,researchers fund that firms in the tp quartile (四分位数)grew at an inflatin-adjusted average f 11.8%per year,but thse in the lwer three quartiles experienced little r n grwth (0.3%,0.03%,and 0.5%,respectively). And the majrity f firms in the tp quartile were unable t__42 superir grwth perfrmance fr mre than a few years.
Over the past tw decades,I have tried t understand why sme cmpanies are effective at sustaining grwth.I have fund that while the usual explanatins,such as market frces and technlgical changes d play a rle,many cmpanies'grwth prblems are dne by themselves. _43__,firms apprach grwth in a highly reactive,pprtunistic manner.When market demand is bming,they thrw resurces at develping new capacity,and build ut rganizatinal infrastructure withut thinking thrugh the__44_-fr example,whether their perating systems and prcesses can scale,hw rapid grwth might affect crprate culture and what wuld happen if demand slws.In the prcess f chasing grwth,cmpanies can easily destry the things that made them 45 in the first place,such as their capacity fr innvatin,their great custmer service,r their unique cultures.
B.Leadership
C.Grwth
D.Insight
B.prspects
C.struggles
D.develpments
B.Investrs
C.Emplyees
D.Prducers
B.achievable
C.inevitable
D.easy
n
B.tracked dwn
C.equipped with
D.taken int accunt
instance
B.On the cntrary
C.As a result
D.What's mre
B.sustain
C.recgnize
D.decline
B.UItimately
C.Specifically
D.Reasnably
B.pprtunities
C.technlgies
D.implicatins
B.technical
C.happy
D,successful
Sectin B
Directins: Rend the fllwing three passages.Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statement.Fr cach f them there are fur chices marked A,B,C and D.Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
Adapted frm Shanghai writer Jin Yucheng's Ma Dun Literature Prize winning nvel,Fan Hua(Blssms),the series-which primarily takes place between 1993 and 1994-fllws the juney f Ah Ba,an ambitius everyman wh takes every chance and rises t becme a legendary figure in the city's mst upper-class cmmercial circles.Aside frm emphasizing his ability t seize pprtunities in the stck and freign trade markets,the plt als fllws his delicate,and rmance-like relatinships with three wmen.
The enthusiasm the drama has stirred up has led t turists flding t the shw's lcatins, such as the Fairmnt Peace Htel,which is where he rents a luxurius rm t d business,and Huanghe Rad,which was lined with the mst high-end restaurants in the 1990s.Other examples include fans waiting in lng queues utside restaurants t rder a plate f fried prk chps with rice cakes,a traditinal Shanghai dish that Bss Ba always rders.The drama's ppularity even extends t its sundtrack.Steal One's Heart,a sng used t set the heartbreaking atmsphere in a particular scene gains newfund ppularity.
Cnsidered by sme critics as a lve letter frm the directr t Shanghai,the city sht thrugh the lens aruses a feeling that is bth familiar and fresh.While shwing landmarks like the Bund and the Oriental Pearl Twer,the drama als presents Shanghai's cityscape in a brighter and warmer manner,as if the city has been plished by the memry f smene wh lves it deeply.
Buxiang,a phrase that means“keeping silent”and which represents the cncept f keeping a lw prfile in the Shanghai dialect,is ne f the mst frequently heard phrases in the drama. Hwever,the shw's ppularity has caused the phrase t becme a hit,as sme fans n majr review sites like Duban,where the drama has received a rating f 8.5 ut f 10,have cmmented.
46.Which f the fllwing statements is Nt true abut the bk Fan Hua?
A.The nvel nce wn Ma Dun Literature Prize.
B.Its her Ah Ba brn frm a wealthy family became a legend.
e.The nvel fcuses n Ah Ba's ability t catch pprtunities.
D.Ah Ba's relatinships with ther female characters are vividly described.
47.What is the main idea f paragraph 2?
A.Why is the drama s ppular amng turists?
B.What d sme critics think f the drama?
C.Hw d peple shw their lve fr the drama?
D.What kinds f fd are mentined in the drama?
48.Which f the fllwing can be used t describe Shanghai presented in the drama? A.Ppular but hard t understand. B.Familiar but smewhat different. C.Bright but dark at heart. D.Warm but distant in sme way.
(B)
Talking therapies fr anxiety and depressin
Talking therapies,r psychlgical therapies,are effective treatments delivered by fully traincd and qualified experts.They can help if yu're struggling with things like feelings f depressin,excessive wrry,scial anxiety r pst-traumatic stress disrder (PTSD).
· Yu can access talking therapies fr free n the Natinal Health Service(NHS)in UK. · Yu can refer yurself directly t a talking therapies service withut recmmendatin. · Help is available in persn,by vide,ver the phne r as an nline curse.
What can talking therapies help with?
Yu d nt need t have a diagnsed mental health prblem first.Getting supprt as sn as yu start
having difficulties can help t reduce their impact.
Yu may be:
· feeling anxius
· feeling lw and hpeless
· having panic attacks
· finding it hard t cpe with wrk,life r relatinships
· struggling with flashbacks and nightmares abut things frm yur past
· feeling stressed
Other things that talking therapies can help with include:
· wrrying a lt
· excessive thughts r behaviurs
· fear scial situatins
· being afraid f things,such as spiders,flying r heights
Types f talking therapies
There are a range f evidence-based talking therapies.Which therapy yu are ffered depends n which ne has been shwn t be mst helpful fr yur symptms.
Examples f talking therapies include:
· guided self-help-where a therapist caches yu as yu wrk thrugh a self-help curse in yur wn time,either using a wrkbk r an nline curse
· cgnitive behaviural therapy (CBT)-based n the idea that thughts,feelings,what we d,and hw ur bdies feel physically,are all cnnected.CBT helps yu ntice and
challenge thughts r behaviurs t help yu feel better.
· interpersnal therapy(IPT)r dynamic interpersnal therapy (DIT)-therapies that lk at the link between yur depressin and yur relatinships
Talking therapies can als help if yu have mental health prblems resulting frm ther cnditins, such as diabetes(糖尿病),cancer,lng-term pain.
Talking therapies are ftered in different ways,including:
· using a self-help wrkbk with the supprt f a therapist
· as an nline curse
· ne-t-ne sessins either in persn,ver the phne r as a vide cnsultatin · in a grup
49 、Yu are recmmended talking therapics if yu are
A.feeling ptimistic abut the future B.suffering frm diabetes r cancer
C.lacking in thughts r behaviurs D.afraid f getting alng with thers 50.During the therapy,which f the fllwing might happen?
A.Yu cnduct a self-help curse all by yurself.
B.Yur thughts and hw yur bdy feel discnnect.
C.Yu feel better after nticing and challenging thughts.
D.Yu have t wrk in a grup t receive talking therapies.
51.What is the purpse f the passage?
A.T infrm peple f talking therapies.
B.T persuade peple t take talking therapies.
C.T call fr dnatin fr talking therapies.
D.T describe the histry f talking therapies.
(C)
①The wrld's heaviest snake has been hiding a big secret.
② Accrding t a study published tday in the pen-access jurnal MDPI Diversity,the
animal knwn as the green anacnda (蟒蛇), r Eunectes murinus,is actually tw genetically
distinct species,despite each species lking s similar that even experts can't tell them apart.
③“Genetically,the differences are massive,”says Bryan Fry,a Natinal Gegraphic Explrer,bilgist at the University f Queensland in Australia,and cauthr f the new study. “They're five-and-a-half percent different,genetically.Nw,t put that int cntext, we're abut tw percent different frm chimps,"he says.
④ T make the shcking discvery,Fry and his cauthrs cllected bld and tissue samples frm green anacndas in Ecuadr,Venezuela,and Brazil.The study authrs als examined each animal clsely t cunt scales and lk fr ther physical traits that culd signal an evlutinary difference.After running the genetic data,they fund a clear divide between anacndas sampled in the nrthern part f the range as ppsed t thse in the suth.And based n thse findings, they prpse renaming the snakes fund in the nrth as the nrthern green anacnda (Eunectes akayima),while E.murinus will cntinue t refer t suthern green anacndas.
⑤Fry says his jaw drpped when the analyses cmpleted."I didn't expect that level f difference,”he says.“It's just mind-blwing.We were all f us very much ding happy dances.”
⑥While it may seem like splitting hairs t re-classify tw ppulatins f snakes that lk identical t ne anther,Fry emphasizes hw imprtant such delineatins can be fr understanding the threats psed t these creatures.Right nw,the Intematinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature classifies the green anacnda as a species f least cncern when it cmes t extinctin risk-but this classificatin is based,in part,n hw widely distributed a species is. “It's imprtant,because the newly described nrthern green anacnda has a much smaller range than the suthern,and s that means it's much mre vulnerable,”says Fry.
⑦Wrking with giant snakes isn't easy.The fact that anacndas are massive,pwerful predatrs is just ne reasn the animals haven't been mre clsely studied.Hwever,mre wrk f this kind may be needed t understand hw the nrthern and suthern green anacndas started separate evlutinary tracks.After all,the tw species appear t cexist in French Guiana,even as clse as being fund n ppsite riverbanks,says Fry.And yet,there's n evidence f interbreeding in their genetics.
52.W'hy did the authr mentin "we're abut tw percent different frm chimps"in paragraph 3?
A.T shw hw genetically different grecn anacndas are.
B.T shw hw distant we humans are frm green anacndas.
C.T shw hw similar green anacndas are in appearance.
D.T shw hw hard it is fr experts t tell green anacndas apart.
53.Based n the cntext,what des the underlined wrd"delineatins"in paragraph 6 mean?
A.similarity B.cnscrvatin C,classificatin D.extinctin
54.What can be inferred frm the passage?
A.Experts suggest cntinuing t refer t the nrthern green anacndas as Eunectes murinus. B.Experts are sure f hw green anacndas started different evlutinary tracks.
C.The classificatin f green anacndas helps aruse awareness f its prtectin.
D.The tw species f green anacndas nce interbred in their genetics when living clse.
55.Which is the best title f the passage?
A.Eunectes akayima:splitting hairs
B.Eunectes murinus:the wrld's heaviest snake
C.Nrthern green anacnda:a newly fund species
D.Green anacndas:tw genetically different species
IV.Translatin
Directins:Translate the fllwing sentences int English,using the wrds given in the brackets.
56. 比赛快结束时，乔丹 Jrdan 投出了球，得分了!(as)
57.品尝当地菜肴让孩子们亲身感受其背后隐藏的文化。(persn)
58. 志愿者们正努力从非法捕猎中救出海豚，并将它们安全地送回大海。(release)
59. 这位演讲者分享了一个案例：村民们灵活地利用手头的资源彻底改变了整个村庄。 (transfrm)
V.Guided Writing
Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 100-120 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
60.假如你是明启中学高一学生李明，在你校英语报读到如下征文启事：从小学至今，每个 人都制定过许多计划，有过许多新学期愿景，其中有些中途放弃了，有些坚持到底了。请你 就“坚持还是放弃”这个话题写一篇征文，内容需包括：
● 简单描述你曾经中途放弃或坚持到底的某个计划；
● 阐述你中途放弃或坚持到底的原因以及对你的启示。 (文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称)
(本试卷满分100分 考试时间90分钟)
I.Listening Cmprchensin
Sectin A
Directins:In Sectin A,yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers.At the end f each cnversatin,a questin will be asked abut what was said.The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce.After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it,read the fur pssible answers n yur paper,and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
A.At a car shp. B.At a bus stp. C.At a gas statin. D.In a parking lt.
2. A.$6. B.$2. C.$3. D.$12.
3. A.Teacher and student. B.Father and daughter.
C.Shp assistant and custmer. D.Bss and emplyee.
wrk in July. B.T print a frm
C.T take a vacatin. D.T g back t schl
amazing bk. B.A female writer. C.A scientific field. D.A strng vice.
6. A.He missed it B.He watched it
C.He disliked it. D.He wuld watch it again.
7. A.She wuld rather see a blank wall. B.The wall needs mre space fr it.
C.It shuld be put n anther wall. D.It makes the wall lk better.
8. A.She thinks a hair dryer is an ideal present.
B.She isn't sure hw practical the man's gift is.
C.She wants t knw what's making all the nise.
D.She can't hear anything when the hair dryer is n.
9. A.He did nt attend tday's class. B.His ntes are nt easy t read.
C.His handwriting has a unique style. D.He is very pleased t be able t help.
10. A.He's surprised she chse that agency.
B.He wnders why she still keeps her jb.
C.He dubtshw much mney she makes.
D.He desn't knw when her classes started.
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B,yu will hear ne shrt passage and ne lnger cnversatin,and yu will be asked several questins n the passage and the cnversatin.The passage and the cnversatin will be read twice,but the questins will be spken nly nce.When yu hear a questin,read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne wuld be the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 12 are based n the fllwing passage.
kilmeter-lng beach was practically deserted.
B.The beautiful beach was spiled with lts f trash.
C.Other turists refused t jin in the cleanup.
D.One f his friends was caught littering n the beach.
was turists nt natives wh were cleaning up the beach.
B.The number f turists t the beach is n a steady decline.
C.The lcal beach was plluted t such a severe degree.
D.The turists'gd deed was nt nticed by the lcals.
Questins 13 thrugh 15 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
landed hard when saving animals.
B.He twisted his ankle when playing ftball.
C.He ran t fast when playing with clleagues.
D.He fell ver when running alng the canal.
teach kids sme useful knwledge. B.T learm hw ppular zs culd be.
C.T see sme rare animals in cages. D.T give her little nephew a treat.
caches tennis players every week.
B.Dan is keen n extreme physical activities.
C.The man has been busy reading recently.
D.The wman wants t read smething abut Christmas.
M.Grammar and Vcabulary
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw,fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect.Fr the blanks with a given wrd,fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd;fr the ther blanks,use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Sra:OpenAl will nw let yu create vides frm verbal cues
Artificial intelligence leader OpenAI intrduced a new AI mdel called Sra which it claims can create “realistic”and “imaginative”60-secnd vides frm quick text instructins.In a blg pst n Wednesday,the cmpany said Sra is capable f generating vides up t 60 secnds in length frm text instructins,(16) (serve)up scenes with multiple characters,specific types f mtin,and detailed backgrund details.
This is the latest effrt frm the cmpany behind the viral chatbt ChatGPT,(17) cntinues t push the generative AI mvement frward.(18) “multi-mdal mdels”are nt new and text-t-vide mdels already exist,what sets this apart is the length and accuracy that OpenAI claims Sra t have,accrding t Reece Hayden,a senir analyst at market research firm ABI Research.Hayden said these types f AI mdels (19) have a big impact n digital entertainment markets with new persnalized cntent being streamed acrss channels.
Sra (20) (make)available t nline security prfessrs sn in rder t assess the prduct fr harms r risks.It is als granting access t a number f visual artists,designers and filmmakers t cllect feedback n (21) creative prfessinals culd use it.
Fr nw,OpenAI said Sra is still a wrk (22) prgress with clear“weaknesses,” particularly when it cmes t spatial details f a prmpt-mixing up left and right-and cause and effect.The latest update cmes as OpenAI cntinues t advance ChatGPT.Earlier this week,the cmpany said it is testing a feature in which users can cntrl ChatGPT's memry,allwing them t ask the platfrm t remember chats t make future cnversatins (23) (persnalized)r
tell it t frget smething previusly (24) (discuss).The cmpany als said it plans t wrk with a team f experts(25) (test)the latest mdel and lk clsely at varius areas including misinfrmatin,hateful cntent and prejudice.
Sectin B
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx.Each wrd can nly be used nce.Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Frm rughly the 16th t 19th centuries,much f the Earth was caught by a persistent freezing cld.During this time,the Nrthern Hemisphere(半球)experienced lng stretches f temperatures s cld that peple witnessed crps 26 and rivers freezing -like the Scheldt River.Thusands f peple walking and playing acrss the frzen River Thames;Sldiers n hrseback seeing ships 27 in the ice;Natives using snwshes t utsmart the English army…These were sme f the images that define the Little Ice Age -a perid f several centuries last millennium in which parts f the Nrthern Hemisphere struggled with a(n) 28 cld. But what caused the Little Ice Age,hw lng did it last,hw did peple 29 t the freezing cld-and what lessns can we learn as we enter ur wn perid f climatic change?
The Little Ice Age was nt a true ice age - 30 cling was prbably nly in the rder f 0.5 degrees Celsius,r 1 degree Fahrenheit -nr was it cnsistently cld.Dagmar Degrt, assciate prfessr f envirnmental histry at Gergetwn University has 31 .t the era as a series f “little little ice ages.”
Althugh sme researchers argue it may have begun earlier,NASA defines the Little Ice
Age as beginning arund 1550 and 32 f three cld peaks-arund 1650,1770 and 1850.
Scientists are still wrking ut 33 what caused the Little Ice Age t. Theries 34 frm decreased slar activity t increased vlcanic eruptins,t the decline f ppulatins in Nrth America,which allwed frests t replace agricultural land,in the prcess remving abut seven billin tns f carbn frm the atmsphere.A 2022 study argued that the 35 trigger was actually a rise f extremely warm water flwing nrth frm the trpics in the late 1300s,which pushed Arctic ice int the Nrth Atlantic.
Whatever the cause,the cnsequences f the Little Ice Age have a lasting effect n histry, althugh t what extent is still cntrversial.
A.average
G.failing
B.adapt
H.extremely
C.cnsisting
I.referred
D.persistent j.initial
E.exactly F.stuck
K.range
III.Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A,B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Perhaps n issue attracts mre senir leadership attentin than grwth des,and fr gd reasn.__36_in gains and prfits is the standard by which we tend t measure the cmpetitive fitness and health f cmpanies.Analysts,investrs,and bards are especially cncerned abut grwth_37_t get insight int stck prices._38_are attracted t faster-grwing cmpanies because they ffer better pprtunities fr advancement and higher pay.Suppliers prefer faster-grwing custmers because wrking with them imprves their wn grwth prspects.
While sustained prfitable grwth is a nearly universal gal,it is a(n)__39_ne fr many cmpanies.Many researches cnducted n the lng-term patterms f grwth in suggest that when inflatin (通货膨胀)is 40 ,mst cmpanies barely grw. 41 in an analysis f 10,897 publicly held frm 1976 t 2019,researchers fund that firms in the tp quartile (四分位数)grew at an inflatin-adjusted average f 11.8%per year,but thse in the lwer three quartiles experienced little r n grwth (0.3%,0.03%,and 0.5%,respectively). And the majrity f firms in the tp quartile were unable t__42 superir grwth perfrmance fr mre than a few years.
Over the past tw decades,I have tried t understand why sme cmpanies are effective at sustaining grwth.I have fund that while the usual explanatins,such as market frces and technlgical changes d play a rle,many cmpanies'grwth prblems are dne by themselves. _43__,firms apprach grwth in a highly reactive,pprtunistic manner.When market demand is bming,they thrw resurces at develping new capacity,and build ut rganizatinal infrastructure withut thinking thrugh the__44_-fr example,whether their perating systems and prcesses can scale,hw rapid grwth might affect crprate culture and what wuld happen if demand slws.In the prcess f chasing grwth,cmpanies can easily destry the things that made them 45 in the first place,such as their capacity fr innvatin,their great custmer service,r their unique cultures.
B.Leadership
C.Grwth
D.Insight
B.prspects
C.struggles
D.develpments
B.Investrs
C.Emplyees
D.Prducers
B.achievable
C.inevitable
D.easy
n
B.tracked dwn
C.equipped with
D.taken int accunt
instance
B.On the cntrary
C.As a result
D.What's mre
B.sustain
C.recgnize
D.decline
B.UItimately
C.Specifically
D.Reasnably
B.pprtunities
C.technlgies
D.implicatins
B.technical
C.happy
D,successful
Sectin B
Directins: Rend the fllwing three passages.Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statement.Fr cach f them there are fur chices marked A,B,C and D.Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
Adapted frm Shanghai writer Jin Yucheng's Ma Dun Literature Prize winning nvel,Fan Hua(Blssms),the series-which primarily takes place between 1993 and 1994-fllws the juney f Ah Ba,an ambitius everyman wh takes every chance and rises t becme a legendary figure in the city's mst upper-class cmmercial circles.Aside frm emphasizing his ability t seize pprtunities in the stck and freign trade markets,the plt als fllws his delicate,and rmance-like relatinships with three wmen.
The enthusiasm the drama has stirred up has led t turists flding t the shw's lcatins, such as the Fairmnt Peace Htel,which is where he rents a luxurius rm t d business,and Huanghe Rad,which was lined with the mst high-end restaurants in the 1990s.Other examples include fans waiting in lng queues utside restaurants t rder a plate f fried prk chps with rice cakes,a traditinal Shanghai dish that Bss Ba always rders.The drama's ppularity even extends t its sundtrack.Steal One's Heart,a sng used t set the heartbreaking atmsphere in a particular scene gains newfund ppularity.
Cnsidered by sme critics as a lve letter frm the directr t Shanghai,the city sht thrugh the lens aruses a feeling that is bth familiar and fresh.While shwing landmarks like the Bund and the Oriental Pearl Twer,the drama als presents Shanghai's cityscape in a brighter and warmer manner,as if the city has been plished by the memry f smene wh lves it deeply.
Buxiang,a phrase that means“keeping silent”and which represents the cncept f keeping a lw prfile in the Shanghai dialect,is ne f the mst frequently heard phrases in the drama. Hwever,the shw's ppularity has caused the phrase t becme a hit,as sme fans n majr review sites like Duban,where the drama has received a rating f 8.5 ut f 10,have cmmented.
46.Which f the fllwing statements is Nt true abut the bk Fan Hua?
A.The nvel nce wn Ma Dun Literature Prize.
B.Its her Ah Ba brn frm a wealthy family became a legend.
e.The nvel fcuses n Ah Ba's ability t catch pprtunities.
D.Ah Ba's relatinships with ther female characters are vividly described.
47.What is the main idea f paragraph 2?
A.Why is the drama s ppular amng turists?
B.What d sme critics think f the drama?
C.Hw d peple shw their lve fr the drama?
D.What kinds f fd are mentined in the drama?
48.Which f the fllwing can be used t describe Shanghai presented in the drama? A.Ppular but hard t understand. B.Familiar but smewhat different. C.Bright but dark at heart. D.Warm but distant in sme way.
(B)
Talking therapies fr anxiety and depressin
Talking therapies,r psychlgical therapies,are effective treatments delivered by fully traincd and qualified experts.They can help if yu're struggling with things like feelings f depressin,excessive wrry,scial anxiety r pst-traumatic stress disrder (PTSD).
· Yu can access talking therapies fr free n the Natinal Health Service(NHS)in UK. · Yu can refer yurself directly t a talking therapies service withut recmmendatin. · Help is available in persn,by vide,ver the phne r as an nline curse.
What can talking therapies help with?
Yu d nt need t have a diagnsed mental health prblem first.Getting supprt as sn as yu start
having difficulties can help t reduce their impact.
Yu may be:
· feeling anxius
· feeling lw and hpeless
· having panic attacks
· finding it hard t cpe with wrk,life r relatinships
· struggling with flashbacks and nightmares abut things frm yur past
· feeling stressed
Other things that talking therapies can help with include:
· wrrying a lt
· excessive thughts r behaviurs
· fear scial situatins
· being afraid f things,such as spiders,flying r heights
Types f talking therapies
There are a range f evidence-based talking therapies.Which therapy yu are ffered depends n which ne has been shwn t be mst helpful fr yur symptms.
Examples f talking therapies include:
· guided self-help-where a therapist caches yu as yu wrk thrugh a self-help curse in yur wn time,either using a wrkbk r an nline curse
· cgnitive behaviural therapy (CBT)-based n the idea that thughts,feelings,what we d,and hw ur bdies feel physically,are all cnnected.CBT helps yu ntice and
challenge thughts r behaviurs t help yu feel better.
· interpersnal therapy(IPT)r dynamic interpersnal therapy (DIT)-therapies that lk at the link between yur depressin and yur relatinships
Talking therapies can als help if yu have mental health prblems resulting frm ther cnditins, such as diabetes(糖尿病),cancer,lng-term pain.
Talking therapies are ftered in different ways,including:
· using a self-help wrkbk with the supprt f a therapist
· as an nline curse
· ne-t-ne sessins either in persn,ver the phne r as a vide cnsultatin · in a grup
49 、Yu are recmmended talking therapics if yu are
A.feeling ptimistic abut the future B.suffering frm diabetes r cancer
C.lacking in thughts r behaviurs D.afraid f getting alng with thers 50.During the therapy,which f the fllwing might happen?
A.Yu cnduct a self-help curse all by yurself.
B.Yur thughts and hw yur bdy feel discnnect.
C.Yu feel better after nticing and challenging thughts.
D.Yu have t wrk in a grup t receive talking therapies.
51.What is the purpse f the passage?
A.T infrm peple f talking therapies.
B.T persuade peple t take talking therapies.
C.T call fr dnatin fr talking therapies.
D.T describe the histry f talking therapies.
(C)
①The wrld's heaviest snake has been hiding a big secret.
② Accrding t a study published tday in the pen-access jurnal MDPI Diversity,the
animal knwn as the green anacnda (蟒蛇), r Eunectes murinus,is actually tw genetically
distinct species,despite each species lking s similar that even experts can't tell them apart.
③“Genetically,the differences are massive,”says Bryan Fry,a Natinal Gegraphic Explrer,bilgist at the University f Queensland in Australia,and cauthr f the new study. “They're five-and-a-half percent different,genetically.Nw,t put that int cntext, we're abut tw percent different frm chimps,"he says.
④ T make the shcking discvery,Fry and his cauthrs cllected bld and tissue samples frm green anacndas in Ecuadr,Venezuela,and Brazil.The study authrs als examined each animal clsely t cunt scales and lk fr ther physical traits that culd signal an evlutinary difference.After running the genetic data,they fund a clear divide between anacndas sampled in the nrthern part f the range as ppsed t thse in the suth.And based n thse findings, they prpse renaming the snakes fund in the nrth as the nrthern green anacnda (Eunectes akayima),while E.murinus will cntinue t refer t suthern green anacndas.
⑤Fry says his jaw drpped when the analyses cmpleted."I didn't expect that level f difference,”he says.“It's just mind-blwing.We were all f us very much ding happy dances.”
⑥While it may seem like splitting hairs t re-classify tw ppulatins f snakes that lk identical t ne anther,Fry emphasizes hw imprtant such delineatins can be fr understanding the threats psed t these creatures.Right nw,the Intematinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature classifies the green anacnda as a species f least cncern when it cmes t extinctin risk-but this classificatin is based,in part,n hw widely distributed a species is. “It's imprtant,because the newly described nrthern green anacnda has a much smaller range than the suthern,and s that means it's much mre vulnerable,”says Fry.
⑦Wrking with giant snakes isn't easy.The fact that anacndas are massive,pwerful predatrs is just ne reasn the animals haven't been mre clsely studied.Hwever,mre wrk f this kind may be needed t understand hw the nrthern and suthern green anacndas started separate evlutinary tracks.After all,the tw species appear t cexist in French Guiana,even as clse as being fund n ppsite riverbanks,says Fry.And yet,there's n evidence f interbreeding in their genetics.
52.W'hy did the authr mentin "we're abut tw percent different frm chimps"in paragraph 3?
A.T shw hw genetically different grecn anacndas are.
B.T shw hw distant we humans are frm green anacndas.
C.T shw hw similar green anacndas are in appearance.
D.T shw hw hard it is fr experts t tell green anacndas apart.
53.Based n the cntext,what des the underlined wrd"delineatins"in paragraph 6 mean?
A.similarity B.cnscrvatin C,classificatin D.extinctin
54.What can be inferred frm the passage?
A.Experts suggest cntinuing t refer t the nrthern green anacndas as Eunectes murinus. B.Experts are sure f hw green anacndas started different evlutinary tracks.
C.The classificatin f green anacndas helps aruse awareness f its prtectin.
D.The tw species f green anacndas nce interbred in their genetics when living clse.
55.Which is the best title f the passage?
A.Eunectes akayima:splitting hairs
B.Eunectes murinus:the wrld's heaviest snake
C.Nrthern green anacnda:a newly fund species
D.Green anacndas:tw genetically different species
IV.Translatin
Directins:Translate the fllwing sentences int English,using the wrds given in the brackets.
56. 比赛快结束时，乔丹 Jrdan 投出了球，得分了!(as)
57.品尝当地菜肴让孩子们亲身感受其背后隐藏的文化。(persn)
58. 志愿者们正努力从非法捕猎中救出海豚，并将它们安全地送回大海。(release)
59. 这位演讲者分享了一个案例：村民们灵活地利用手头的资源彻底改变了整个村庄。 (transfrm)
V.Guided Writing
Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 100-120 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
60.假如你是明启中学高一学生李明，在你校英语报读到如下征文启事：从小学至今，每个 人都制定过许多计划，有过许多新学期愿景，其中有些中途放弃了，有些坚持到底了。请你 就“坚持还是放弃”这个话题写一篇征文，内容需包括：
● 简单描述你曾经中途放弃或坚持到底的某个计划；
● 阐述你中途放弃或坚持到底的原因以及对你的启示。 (文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称)
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