2021-2022学年上海市宝山区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）

这是一份2021-2022学年上海市宝山区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模），共49页。

2021-2022学年上海市宝山区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）
Ⅰ.Listening Comprehension Section ADirections： In Section A， you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possible answers on your paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．（1分）A.Cleaning the kitchen.
B.Discussing a kitchen design.
C.Trying to draw a map of dinning.
D.Painting the dining room.
2．（1分）A.Study a computer program.
B.Check their computer files.
C.Assemble a computer.
D.Make some computation.
3．（1分）A.It is faster to go to New York by train.
B.It is not always cheaper going by bus.
C.It is more comfortable and convenient to take a bus.
D.It is worth the money taking a train to New York.
4．（1分）A.The woman thinks highly of the speaker.
B.The woman has known the speaker for a long time.
C.The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.
D.The man is making a comment about nothing.
5．（1分）A.She has not read the news on the Net.
B.She has every confidence in Susan.
C.She is not as bright and diligent as Susan.
D.She is a little bit surprised at the news.
6．（1分）A.Get a new bus schedule.
B.Read the notice on the window.
C.Go and ask the ticket seller.
D.Board the bus to Cleveland.
7．（1分）A.Jane wore the overcoat last week.
B.Jane's sister is in the same class as the man.
C.Jane missed her class last week.
D.Jane's overcoat is as fashionable as her sister's.
8．（1分）A.He was fifteen when he took over the company.
B.He is making plans to expand his operation.
C.He is a very successful businessman.
D.He has changed his business strategy.
9．（1分）A.The man and the woman are working on a joint project.
B.The woman is going to make her topic more focused.
C.It took a lot of time to get the man on the right track.
D.One should choose a broad topic for a research paper.
10．（1分）A.Children should play sports at least once a week.
B.The woman's kids can play football with his son.
C.Many children feel bored when left alone.
D.The woman's sons might enjoy team sports.
Section BDirections： In Section B， you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation， and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice， but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question， read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
11．（4.5分）（1）A.To start off as a listener.
B.To speak right away.
C.To learn and listen quietly.
D.To talk about their lives.
（2）A.They can hear and appreciate interesting videos.
B.They can drop their worries and problems.
C.It can help people make more online friends.
D.They can enjoy the safe space for expression.
（3）A.To enable the users to enjoy more freedom to say anything.
B.To find a way to track discussions and protect users.
C.To provide a space for hateful speeches and false statements.
D.To tell whether the impact of the app is helpful or harmful.
12．（4.5分）（1）A.Every action leads to a result.B
.Making a big decision quietly.
C.Asking peers for helpful advice.
D.Sharing your confidence proudly.
（2）A.To define the problem you're scared of.
B.To brainstorm others' comments.
C.To decide what is right for you.
D.To postpone taking action.
（3）A.What factors involved in making a bad decision.
B.How to make good decisions and avoid bad ones.
C.Why people usually hesitate to make decisions.
D.How many steps to be taken before making decisions.
13．（6分）（1）A.Seeing a movie.
B.The best study spot.
C.A coffee shop.
D.A school library.
（2）A.Books in the library make him anxious.
B.Hardworking students are his favorite scenery.
C.The silence of library helps him concentrate.
D.He feels the anxiety of studying at the library.
（3）A.A coffee shop helps her relax.
B.Too much coffee makes her feel sick.
C.Drinking coffee fails to keep her alert.
D.A bit of background noise affects her.
（4）A.To give up their noise﹣canceling headphones.
B.To drink coffee while they study together.
C.To be equipped with comfortable chairs.
D.To exchange their places for the better one.
Ⅱ.Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.
14．（10分）
Rising To the Challenge
Cyclists must dig deep to complete what's been called the toughest climb in the world.They race up to Wuling Peak to the finish line in the King of the Mountain （KOM） Challenge.Every October some of the world's best cyclists battle （1）　 　the title.Starting at sea level，the route climbs to a height of 3，275 meters at the end，covering 105 kilometers.
Ever since I started cycling seven years ago，completing the KOM climb （2）　 　（be） a goal of mine.Every year I thought that I needed to prepare for it and used that as my excuse.But （3）　 　（look） back，I realize I would have been fine.Cycling uphill was no problem for me then﹣ it was thrilling.Now it's exhausting.
Last summer I finally decided to take on Wuling with some friends.Our 89﹣kilometer route started at the base of the mountain and was a little shorter than the official KOM race.But it's the final 10 kilometers （4）　 　 are the most demanding：This is the steepest part， （5）　 　makes the climb so hard.
We began early in the morning as a group of 17 riders.But only three of us would make it to the top.A support car was necessary，especially on a ride like this， （6）　 　（help） keep us energetic.
The first part of the ride went through Taroko Valley，a magnificent park.I've hiked there， （7）
　 　.I've always wanted to bike it.I saw dramatic rocky outcrops，canyons，waterfalls and forests as I zipped through the valley and up the mountain road.Even though it was August，the weather was perfect.Unfortunately，the support car that carried our lunch （8）　 　（delay）.By the time it arrived，I was starving.Being consumed of energy even for that short time affected the rest of my ride.When the hard last 10 kilometers arrived，I really struggled to complete them.At one point I（9）　 　 see how close the top of the peak was，but it still felt so far away.Fortunately，determination carried me to the finish. （10）　 　（exhaust），I conquered Wuling!What a tremendous feeling!
Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
15．（10分）
A.potentially B.results C.rewards D.sensitive E.survival
F.transmit G.distinguish H.responding I.developed J.conscious K.rapidly
Sense of smell is our most rapid warning system
"The human avoidance response to unpleasant smells associated with danger has long been seen as a（1）　 　perceivable process，but our study shows for the first time that it's unconscious and extremely rapid，" says the study's first author Behzad Iravani，researcher at the Department of Clinical Neuroscience，Karolinska Institutet.
The organ relating to the sense of smell takes up about five per cent of the human brain and enables us to（2）　 　between many million different smells.A large proportion of these smells are associated with a threat to our health an（3）　 　，such as that of chemicals and rotten food.Smell signals reach the brain within 100 to 150 milliseconds after being breathed in through the nose.
The survival of all living organisms depends on their ability to avoid danger and seek（4）　 　.In humans，the smell sense seems particularly important for detecting and reacting to（5）　 　harmful substance.
It has long been a mystery just which sensory systems are involved in the change of an unpleasant smell into avoidance behavior in humans.Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have now（6）　 　a method that for the first time has made it possible to measure signals from the human smell organ，which processes smells and in turn can（7）　 　signals to parts of the brain that control movement and avoidance behavior.
Their（8）　 　 are based on three experiments in which participants were asked to rate their experience of six different smells，some positive，some negative，while the electrophysiological activity of the smell organ when（9）　 　to each of the smells was measured.
"It was clear that the organ reacts specifically and（10）　 　to negative smells and sends a direct signal to the outer layer of the organ within about 300 ms，" says the study's last author Johan Lundström. " The signal causes the person to unconsciously lean back and away from the source of the smell."
Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension Section ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
16．（15分）While people who are both trustworthy and capable are the most sought after when it comes to team assembly，friendliness and trustworthiness are often more important factors than ability.
"We assume that people are（1）　 　for important task forces and teams because of the knowledge，skills and abilities they bring to the table.However，this research suggests that people may often get picked because team members feel（2）　 　with them，" said Cynthia Maupin，assistant professor of organizational behavior and leadership in Binghamton University's School of Management. "People may be willing to（3）　 　a bit in terms of performance in order to have a really positive team experience."
Maupin and her colleagues focused on a group of MBA students to conduct their study.Students were（4）　 　ssigned to teams at the beginning of the semester to work on class projects and assignments.Toward the end of the semester，students were asked to form their own teams and （5）　 　why they selected each member of their group.
"We wanted to find out what people did to（6）　 　to others that they might be someone who would be good to team up with in the future，" Maupin said.
The researchers（7）　 　looked at how students signaled their human capital，the ability to do their tasks well，and their social capital，the（8）　 　 to which they were friendly and trustworthy，to other students by studying their use of either challenging or supportive voice：
• Challenging voice：Communicating in a way that challenges the present circumstances and is（9）　 　new ideas and efficiency.
• Supportive voice：Communicating in a way that（10）　 　social ties and trust，and builds friendly unity of a team.
The researchers found that people who（11）　 　both abilities，through the use of challenging voice，and trustworthiness，through the use of supportive voice，were the most in﹣demand people when it came to（12）　 　teams.
"As might be expected，anyone who was very strong in terms of signaling both their human and social capital were extremely sought after.They're doing all the right things to（13）　 　that they're both trustworthy and a good worker，" Maupin said.
However，the researchers found that students who only exhibited social capital through（14）　 　 voice were more sought after than those who only signaled their ability through the use of challenging voice.
"Our findings suggest that when people feel like they can trust you，even if you're not（15）　 　the best worker，they're going to be more likely to want to work with you，" Maupin said. "They know that there are likely to be fewer interpersonal issues in that case."

（1）A.qualified
B.selected
C.examined
D.accounted
（2）A.dissatisfied
B.favourite
C.permanent
D.comfortable
（3）A.sacrifice
B.exchange
C.prohibit
D.contribute
（4）A.deliberately
B.originally
C.randomly
D.purposefully
（5）A.bargain
B.assess
C.negotiate
D.neglect
（6）A.signal
B.contribute
C.devote
D.manage
（7）A.indefinitely
B.frequently
C.considerably
D.specifically
（8）A.occasion
B.mission
C.degree
D.opinion
（9）A.engaged in
B.focused on
C.gotten across
D.taken off
（10）A.adjusts
B.decreases
C.monitors
D.strengthens
（11）A.exhibited
B.developed
C.evaluated
D.concealed
（12）A.separating
B.dominating
C.assembling
D.maintaining
（13）A.establish
B.resolve
C.analyze
D.estimate
（14）A.challenging
B.moderate
C.healthful
D.supportive
（15）A.doubtfully
B.necessarily
C.questionably
D.fortunately
Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
17．（8分）Early on，by age nine perhaps，I discovered my passion for both reading and writing fiction.The discovery was sudden and unexpected：one very hot summer day in Birmingham （no air conditioning），while reading，I realized I was trembling with cold.I had become caught up in a Laura Ingalls Wilder description of a snowstorm.How is this possible？I asked myself，and the answer came immediately.It's these words.Just these words have made me feel cold.Full of wonder and admiration for Laura's writing，I thought，I'd like to be able to do that someday.
Nonetheless，I found myself beginning college as a premedical student with the intention of becoming a doctor.You see，I wanted to do good，or to be a good person，one devoted to the welfare of others.And what of my own love of reading and my interest in imaginative writing？Both still gave me immense pleasure，though I was failing chemistry.But what good is literature？I asked myself.And I asked my serious﹣minded student friends the same question.To spend my life merely doing what I loved seemed unacceptably self﹣centered.
One day in a literature class at my small，excellent liberal arts college，the knowledgeable professor，who was also dean of the college，posed a question that none of us could answer： "In what way are Huck of Huckleberry Finn and Pip of Charles Dickens's Great Expectations alike？" While I did not know the answer，what I did know﹣in a strange flash of awareness﹣was that whatever the answer，it would be of crucial importance to the young man sitting across the corridor from me.
And who was he？A brilliant person，a troubled person for all his brilliance，someone I loved and admired.
The professor answered his own question. "Both are boys in search of a father." And I knew my friend across the corridor，through literature，suddenly understood his own confusion.He knew in an instinctive way something of vital importance.What was true of those fictive boys was also true of him：he needed to become a guiding father to himself.
The class was over.As my friend Dwight and I walked out the door together into the hall，he said without looking at me， "And how can you doubt，Sena，that literature can do good in the world？" Without looking at him，but sure both his eyes and my eyes were shined with tears，I replied， "I know.I know." I knew that literature could and does make ideas and feelings real，dramatic，and accessible in a way that enhances the quality of our lives.
And so I gave myself permission to embrace a literary life，both as reader and as writer.If something I might come to write offered one wonderful person a new and needed perspective，then I could justify choosing a life for myself in literature.
That was all a very long time ago，about half a century ago.My friend would die in an auto accident before he was twenty﹣one.And I would live to be extraordinarily happy in my choice of professions.
This I believe：that the arts must be a part of education at all levels，that the arts can and do offer us not only pleasure but also invaluable insights into ourselves and our world.

（1）What was the embarrassing situation Sena the author of the passage faced？ 　 　
A.She was attracted by Laura's writing but felt extremely cold.
B.She did not know how to answer the question but it was important.
C.She loved literature but wanted to do something good for humanity.
D.She admired her brilliant friend Dwight but he died in an accident.
（2）The author of the passage mentioned her friend Dwight to demonstrate 　 　.
A.only he could answer the professor's question
B.he was the very person she loved and admired
C.literature becomes a guiding father to himself
D.literature offers us priceless insights into ourselves
（3）It can be concluded that the author decided to 　 　.
A.follow her passion for being a doctor
B.devote herself to literature in her life
C.be a reader to enhance the quality of her life
D.be a doctor and engaged in literature sometimes
（4）What might be the best title for the passage？ 　 　
A life in literature
B.A medical career
C.An unforgettable lesson
D.An unexpected accident
18．（6分）Even if the world makes it hard to relax，we all need to find a way to reset and recharge.We go through life thinking we've rested because we have gotten enough sleep―but in reality we are missing out on the other types of rest we desperately need.Saudra Dalton﹣Smith，a physician，outlines different types of rest that are essential for human growing.
Physical rest
This is the usual definition of rest were a familiar with.But while we know we need to spend a decent number of hours in bed to stay healthy，a steady persistent support of studies shows a large proportion of us still don't get enough physical rest.
Mental rest
Always have a tornado of thoughts spinning in your head from the moment you wake up to the moment you finally fall asleep？You need more mental rest，and even if you sleep a solid eight hours a night，you're not going to feel fully recharged until you get it.
"The good news is you don't have to quit your job or go on vacation to fix this.Schedule short breaks to occur every two hours throughout your workday these breaks can remind you to slow down.You might also keep a notepad by the bed to write down any painful thoughts that would keep you awake，" suggests Dalton﹣smith.
Sensory rest
Staring at screens all day and all night means your eyes never get a proper rest，but this isn't the only reason many of us never give our senses a break.Noisy cites，sharp sound announcements and loud music all contribute to constant sensory stimulation.Your brain needs a rest now and again.Consciously close your eyes and give yourself the gift of silence for short periods throughout the day.
Emotional rest
This "means having the time and space to freely express your feelings and cut back on people﹣pleasing，" Dalton﹣smith explains. "Emotional rest also requires the courage to be genuine.An emotionally rested person can answer the question， ‘How are you today？' with a truthful ‘I'm not okay'﹣and then go on to share some hard things that otherwise go unsaid."
In other words，we all need the space to stop pretending for ourselves and others and get real about our feelings.
（1）Which of the following statement is true about the types of rest mentioned in the passage？ 　 　
A.Physical rest means lying in bed for a proper period and exercising.
B.Mental rest indicates resting every two hours when you're working.
C.Sensory rest means keeping silent frequently and staring at screens.
D.Emotional rest means pretending to share private affairs with others.
（2）What type of rest do you need most if you're working with a computer in an office？ 　 　
A.Physical rest
B.Mental rest
C.Sensory rest
D.Emotional rest
（3）It can be concluded that if a person feels tired，he should 　 　.
A.try to identify just what sort of rest he's lacking exactly
B.spend some time with those who can energize him
C.have the four types of rest mentioned in the passage in order
D.have a need to feel connected to something larger than himself




19．（8分）Transhumanism，first coined in 1957 by biologist Julian Huxley，meant "man remaining man，but going beyond himself by realizing new possibilities of and for his human nature." Generally speaking，transhumanism in its modern meaning implies that human beings can be enhanced by the means of science to the extent when they rise above biological limitations and capabilities programmed by nature.The species into which humanity transforms this way will be called post human，or trans human，as it would have be something new﹣based on human nature，but going beyond it at the same time.
There are numerous areas which，according to transhumanists，require enhancement，as well as there are countless proposals on the means of such enhancement.In particular，transhumanists work on such problems as overcoming the physical boundaries of the human body.Starting with aging，which they believe to be rather a disease than a natural process，and ending up with replacing organs with their artificial ones，transhumanists believe that the human body is imperfect，and that it should be improved.All kinds of nanotechnologies for repairing damaged organs；nerve stimulants and drugs to alter mood and eliminate negative emotions；brain implants and implanted technologies to allow interconnectivity between multiple human beings and to advance intelligence﹣these and many more actions are just some of the means transhumanists plan to use to make humanity better.
Some of the technologies transhumanists plan to employ to push the boundaries of humanity are available already.For example，gene therapy allowing to cure or stop certain diseases that were considered terminal；CRISPRi or SHARP﹣2 methods，which were discovered not so long ago，have already proved to be efficient in treating a number of complicated medical conditions，and in case further research is conducted，they might significantly improve the quality of medicine worldwide.Virtual reality，another technology from science﹣fiction movies of the late 1980s，has become not so virtual either，after all.VR device can be easily purchased from online stores，and the prices are affordable﹣given that we are speaking of technology capable of substituting actual reality.So far，it has been mostly used for games and education，but in the future，the range of its useful applications will definitely broaden.Other technologies，which have not yet been invented but which definitely will，include large scale engineering，self﹣copying robotics，artificial intelligence，mind uploading technologies，molecular manufacturing，space colonization，and other technological wonders.
About a hundred years ago，the idea of flying in the skies seemed absurd，until Wilbur and Orville Wright proved this assumption wrong.Who knows，perhaps in a couple of decades the concepts listed here，no matter how fantastic they look now，will become reality.Moral aspects and the price humanity will have to pay for such advancements are a different subject.

（1）Which of the following statements is true about transhumanism？ 　 　
A.Promoting human health but remaining their physical appearances
B.Improving the human condition through social and cultural change
C.Developing human beings beyond their natural capabilities by technology.
D.Going beyond human beings physical limitations through natural evolution.
（2）Transhumanists' plan is based on the belief that 　 　.
A.replacing organs with their artificial ones is ideal
B.aging is rather a disease than a natural process
C.it's practical to use nanotechnologies to improve life
D.the human body is imperfect and needs improvement
（3）The underlined word "absurd" （last paragraph） is closest in meaning to 　 　.
A.ridiculous
B.creative
C.reasonable
D.practical
（4）This passage is particularly written about 　 　.
A.various kinds of definitions of transhumanism
B.different technologies substituting human reality
C.proposals on the human beings enhancement
D.artificial intelligence and human beings life
Section CDirections： Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
20．（8分）
A.Besides，you might have noticed how unwilling you may be when having to apologize in front of a different person–even if it was you who were wrong.
B.This varies depending on the weight of a decision that needs to be made.
C.Unlike many people got used to believing，procrastination is not a negative feature of character such as laziness.
D.Usually，people tend to see procrastination as something bad.
E.In fact，procrastinating in this case is also beneficial.
F.A pressing matter，an urgent document that needs to be written by the end of the day，an especially difficult piece of work，whatever.
Why You Should Not Worry About Procrastination
Perhaps every person on Earth has at least once been in a situation when he or she has an urgent task to do，but instead of challenging it head on，he or she postpones working on this task for as long as possible.This delay can take various forms：from doing nothing，to doing a lot of work–just not the work that should be done.The phenomenon described here is called procrastination，and its roots go much deeper than mere laziness.
（1）　 　.They invent dozens of strategies how to stop procrastinating and increase their efficiency，forgetting about the fact that like many other psychological mechanisms，procrastination serves its own purpose，and probably even carries a message worth decoding.So，instead of blaming yourself for being lazy，the next time you procrastinate，try to look past it，and figure out what is happening to you.Most likely，procrastination is your friend.Why？
There are several arguments proving this statement.First of all，it helps you figure out your most pressing priorities.Usually，you will not procrastinate over some minor task such as sharpening a pencil or drinking a glass of water.Problems start when there is something important or difficult that needs to be done.Reasons keeping you from doing work can be different，but here is a clue to remember：try to figure out what exactly makes you avoid–as a rule，it should be exactly what your top priority task is at the moment. （2）　 　.On the other hand，procrastination may serve you as an indicator that you are doing something wrong，or that you are pushing yourself too hard and need to take some time to rest.Either way，the means you use to overcome procrastination is a different story；so far，try seeing procrastination as a marker，an index–and you will discover that it can be quite useful.
Surprisingly enough，procrastination can even help you fix a relationship with another person.If you had a fight，for example，there is a period of time when whatever you say to each other will most likely be perceived with skepticism or even hostility. （3）　 　.In this case，procrastination may give you enough time to make up your mind，find your courage，and think of the proper words or actions for an apology.The same works for another person：after a cool down period，he or she will be more susceptible to what you have to say.Use this to your advantage.
As we can see，procrastination is not necessarily a bad thing. （4）　 　.But it is rather a psychological instrument，the main function of which is to slow you down and give you enough time to sort out your priorities，gather information before making an important decision，or finding proper words to make your amends with another person.Thus，instead of avoiding and denying procrastination，you might want to embrace it–at least sometimes.
Ⅳ.Summary Writing Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.
21．（10分）
Romantic Attraction
Sometimes，it seems we are attracted towards people romantically in a puzzling manner.We see someone and our romantic side bursts out.However，it is not a mystery to science and people who study sociology.There are definite causes as to why people become romantically attracted to each other.These factors are，similarity，communication，and honesty.
Though people often say opposites attract，similarity often connects individuals in a romantic way.In fact，based on research done by the University of Colorado Boulder，we tend to choose partners who have a similar DNA to ours.Of course we cannot examine the DNA of others readily，but we can naturally "feel" if people are a genetic match for us.
Communication is another essential factor in the romantic attraction way.If we feel a deep connection to someone through the ease of talking with them，we are much more likely to be attracted to that person.It is difficult to be romantically involved with someone you can barely communicate with.And as a side note，there are people we are not attracted to each other in appearance，but after communicating with them for some time，we suddenly become romantically interested in them.
Friends often connect through noticing the honesty of others，but this also lends to romantic attraction.According to Kelly Campbell，PhD， "Chemistry occurs most often between people who are down﹣to﹣earth and sincere.This is because if a person is comfortable with themselves，they are better able to express their true self to the world，which makes it easier to get to know them，even if perspectives on important matters differed".This adds to the perspective that easy communication between people contributes to romantic attraction.

______________________
Ⅴ.TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.
22．（3分）雨越下越大，他不得已只有打车回家。（oblige）
　 　.
23．（3分）一年四季，这一旅游胜地都值得观光。（worth）
　 　.
24．（4分）研究表明，人们极有可能因为自己没有充分发挥出全部潜能而懊悔莫及。（likely）
　 　.
25．（5分）这是一部适合家长和孩子共同阅读的书籍，不仅能促进亲子关系更加和谐，还能让孩子在以后的成长和学习的道路上少走弯路。（…such…that…）　 　
Ⅵ.Guided Writing
26．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你有意参加某英文报举行的题为"My future home"征文调查活动，征文内容从这些住房特征中选择：交通便利；住房外部环境宜居；家居内部设施齐全；用具及装饰健康环保；住房智能化。现请你写一篇文章，具体要求如下：
（1）你未来理想的住房应该有以上哪三个特征？
（2）说明理由。

_____________________

2021-2022学年上海市宝山区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）
参考答案与试题解析
Ⅰ.Listening Comprehension Section ADirections： In Section A， you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possible answers on your paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．（1分）A.Cleaning the kitchen.
B.Discussing a kitchen design.
C.Trying to draw a map of dinning.
D.Painting the dining room.
【分析】略
【解答】B
【点评】略
2．（1分）A.Study a computer program.
B.Check their computer files.
C.Assemble a computer.
D.Make some computation.
【分析】略
【解答】C
【点评】略
3．（1分）A.It is faster to go to New York by train.
B.It is not always cheaper going by bus.
C.It is more comfortable and convenient to take a bus.
D.It is worth the money taking a train to New York.
【分析】略
【解答】D
【点评】略
4．（1分）A.The woman thinks highly of the speaker.
B.The woman has known the speaker for a long time.
C.The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.
D.The man is making a comment about nothing.
【分析】略
【解答】A
【点评】略
5．（1分）A.She has not read the news on the Net.
B.She has every confidence in Susan.
C.She is not as bright and diligent as Susan.
D.She is a little bit surprised at the news.
【分析】略
【解答】B
【点评】略
6．（1分）A.Get a new bus schedule.
B.Read the notice on the window.
C.Go and ask the ticket seller.
D.Board the bus to Cleveland.
【分析】略
【解答】C
【点评】略
7．（1分）A.Jane wore the overcoat last week.
B.Jane's sister is in the same class as the man.
C.Jane missed her class last week.
D.Jane's overcoat is as fashionable as her sister's.
【分析】略
【解答】A
【点评】略
8．（1分）A.He was fifteen when he took over the company.
B.He is making plans to expand his operation.
C.He is a very successful businessman.
D.He has changed his business strategy.
【分析】略
【解答】C
【点评】略
9．（1分）A.The man and the woman are working on a joint project.
B.The woman is going to make her topic more focused.
C.It took a lot of time to get the man on the right track.
D.One should choose a broad topic for a research paper.
【分析】略
【解答】B
【点评】略
10．（1分）A.Children should play sports at least once a week.
B.The woman's kids can play football with his son.
C.Many children feel bored when left alone.
D.The woman's sons might enjoy team sports.
【分析】略
【解答】D
【点评】略
Section BDirections： In Section B， you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation， and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice， but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question， read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
11．（4.5分）（1）A.To start off as a listener.
B.To speak right away.
C.To learn and listen quietly.
D.To talk about their lives.
（2）A.They can hear and appreciate interesting videos.
B.They can drop their worries and problems.
C.It can help people make more online friends.
D.They can enjoy the safe space for expression.
（3）A.To enable the users to enjoy more freedom to say anything.
B.To find a way to track discussions and protect users.
C.To provide a space for hateful speeches and false statements.
D.To tell whether the impact of the app is helpful or harmful.
【分析】略
【解答】11—13 ADB
【点评】略
12．（4.5分）（1）A.Every action leads to a result.B
.Making a big decision quietly.
C.Asking peers for helpful advice.
D.Sharing your confidence proudly.
（2）A.To define the problem you're scared of.
B.To brainstorm others' comments.
C.To decide what is right for you.
D.To postpone taking action.
（3）A.What factors involved in making a bad decision.
B.How to make good decisions and avoid bad ones.
C.Why people usually hesitate to make decisions.
D.How many steps to be taken before making decisions.
【分析】略
【解答】14—16 ACB
【点评】略
13．（6分）（1）A.Seeing a movie.
B.The best study spot.
C.A coffee shop.
D.A school library.
（2）A.Books in the library make him anxious.
B.Hardworking students are his favorite scenery.
C.The silence of library helps him concentrate.
D.He feels the anxiety of studying at the library.
（3）A.A coffee shop helps her relax.
B.Too much coffee makes her feel sick.
C.Drinking coffee fails to keep her alert.
D.A bit of background noise affects her.
（4）A.To give up their noise﹣canceling headphones.
B.To drink coffee while they study together.
C.To be equipped with comfortable chairs.
D.To exchange their places for the better one.
【分析】略
【解答】17﹣﹣﹣20 BCAD
【点评】略
Ⅱ.Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.
14．（10分）
Rising To the Challenge
Cyclists must dig deep to complete what's been called the toughest climb in the world.They race up to Wuling Peak to the finish line in the King of the Mountain （KOM） Challenge.Every October some of the world's best cyclists battle （1）　for　the title.Starting at sea level，the route climbs to a height of 3，275 meters at the end，covering 105 kilometers.
Ever since I started cycling seven years ago，completing the KOM climb （2）　has been　（be） a goal of mine.Every year I thought that I needed to prepare for it and used that as my excuse.But （3）　looking　（look） back，I realize I would have been fine.Cycling uphill was no problem for me then﹣ it was thrilling.Now it's exhausting.
Last summer I finally decided to take on Wuling with some friends.Our 89﹣kilometer route started at the base of the mountain and was a little shorter than the official KOM race.But it's the final 10 kilometers （4）　that　 are the most demanding：This is the steepest part， （5）　which　makes the climb so hard.
We began early in the morning as a group of 17 riders.But only three of us would make it to the top.A support car was necessary，especially on a ride like this， （6）　to help　（help） keep us energetic.
The first part of the ride went through Taroko Valley，a magnificent park.I've hiked there， （7）
　but　.I've always wanted to bike it.I saw dramatic rocky outcrops，canyons，waterfalls and forests as I zipped through the valley and up the mountain road.Even though it was August，the weather was perfect.Unfortunately，the support car that carried our lunch （8）　was delayed　（delay）.By the time it arrived，I was starving.Being consumed of energy even for that short time affected the rest of my ride.When the hard last 10 kilometers arrived，I really struggled to complete them.At one point I（9）　could　 see how close the top of the peak was，but it still felt so far away.Fortunately，determination carried me to the finish. （10）　Exhausted　（exhaust），I conquered Wuling!What a tremendous feeling!
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者以"迎接挑战"这个标题开始，描述了他骑自行车完成KOM挑战赛，并征服武陵的难忘的经历。
【解答】（1）for.考查介词。句意：每年10月，一些世界上最好的自行车选手都会争夺冠军。根据句意，本句用的是battle for（为…而战） 这个短语。选手是为冠军称号而战的。故填for。
（2）has been.考查动词时态。句意：自从七年前我开始骑自行车以来，完成KOM攀登一直是我的目标。根据Ever since可知，主句是现在完成时态。结合本句句意，空处需填have/has been。又根据本句主语是completing the KOM climb，动名词做主语看成单数。故填has been。
（3）looking.考查现在分词。句意：但是回想起来，我意识到我本来会很好的。分析句子，主语是I，此空处的look是状语，二者构成主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，表主动。故填looking。
（4）that.考查强调句。句意：但正是这最后的10公里是最难的。分析句子成分可知，本句是强调句式It is/was +被强调部分+that+其他部分。强调句的关键是把 It is 和that去掉以后句子是完整的，这个符合强调句式的结构，此处强调the final 10 kilometers，应用that。故填that。
（5）which.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这是最陡的部分，这使得攀登如此困难。分析句子可知，本句是主从句结构，后面的从句修饰，引导词指物做宾语，另外本句属于非限制性定语从句，不能用that。故填which。
（6）to help.考查不定式。句意：一辆辅助车是必要的，尤其是在这样的骑行中，以帮助我们保持活力。分析句子结构，中间部分是插入语，两边组成一个完整句子。本句中前面是主语+be动词的结构，后面动词不定式，作目的状语。故填to help。
（7）but.考查连词。句意：我曾在那里徒步旅行，但我一直想骑自行车。分析句子结构，逗号隔开了两个完整的句子。因此空处用连词，又因前后是转折关系，所以but符合题意。故填but。
（8）was delayed.考查动词时态语态。句意：不幸的是，运送我们午餐的支援车被耽搁了。分析句子，本句中的主语是the support car，后面的that引导的是定语从句修饰这个词。设空处是句子的谓语部分，结合语境，这个事发生在过去了，故用一般过去时。另外，the support car和动词delay构成被动关系，因此此空用一般过去时的被动语态，was/were +done。另外，主语是单数。故填was delayed。
（9）could.考查情态动词。句意：在某一点上，我可以看到山顶有多近，但它仍然感觉很遥远。分析句子，设空前的"I"是句子主语，空后是动词原形see。在主语和动词原形之间只能考虑情态动词了，再结合句意，作者是说他能看到山顶，再结合全文的一般过去时。故填could。
（10）Exhausted.考查形容词。句意：筋疲力尽，我征服了武陵！分析句子可知，本句是主谓宾的结构，主语是I，谓语是conquered，宾语是Wuling，此空出现在句首，和主句逗号隔开，且没有连词，设空处是形容词作状语，修饰主语"我"。exhausted 表示筋疲力尽的，一般修饰人，符合题意。故填Exhausted。
【点评】做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
15．（10分）
A.potentially B.results C.rewards D.sensitive E.survival
F.transmit G.distinguish H.responding I.developed J.conscious K.rapidly
Sense of smell is our most rapid warning system
"The human avoidance response to unpleasant smells associated with danger has long been seen as a（1）　J　perceivable process，but our study shows for the first time that it's unconscious and extremely rapid，" says the study's first author Behzad Iravani，researcher at the Department of Clinical Neuroscience，Karolinska Institutet.
The organ relating to the sense of smell takes up about five per cent of the human brain and enables us to（2）　G　between many million different smells.A large proportion of these smells are associated with a threat to our health an（3）　E　，such as that of chemicals and rotten food.Smell signals reach the brain within 100 to 150 milliseconds after being breathed in through the nose.
The survival of all living organisms depends on their ability to avoid danger and seek（4）　C　.In humans，the smell sense seems particularly important for detecting and reacting to（5）　A　harmful substance.
It has long been a mystery just which sensory systems are involved in the change of an unpleasant smell into avoidance behavior in humans.Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have now（6）　I　a method that for the first time has made it possible to measure signals from the human smell organ，which processes smells and in turn can（7）　F　signals to parts of the brain that control movement and avoidance behavior.
Their（8）　B　 are based on three experiments in which participants were asked to rate their experience of six different smells，some positive，some negative，while the electrophysiological activity of the smell organ when（9）　H　to each of the smells was measured.
"It was clear that the organ reacts specifically and（10）　K　to negative smells and sends a direct signal to the outer layer of the organ within about 300 ms，" says the study's last author Johan Lundström. " The signal causes the person to unconsciously lean back and away from the source of the smell."
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍嗅觉是我们最快速的预警系统。
【解答】（1）J.考查形容词作定语。句意：长期以来，人类对与危险相关的难闻气味的回避反应一直被视为一种有意识的可感知的过程，但我们的研究首次表明，它是无意识的，而且非常迅速。此处用形容词conscious"有意识的"作定语，修饰名词process。故选J。
（2）G.考查不定式作宾语补足语。句意：这个与嗅觉有关的器官约占人脑的5%，它使我们能够区分数百万种不同的气味。固定搭配：enable sb.to do sth."使某人能够做某事"，其中不定式作宾语补足语；动词distinguish的意思是"区别，认出"符合题意。故选G。
（3）E.考查名词。句意：这些气味中有很大一部分与对我们的健康和生存的威胁有关，比如化学物质和腐烂的食物。此处指对健康和"生存"构成威胁，所以名词survival"生存"符合题意。故选E。
（4）C.考查名词作宾语。句意：所有生物的生存取决于它们规避危险和寻求回报的能力。名词rewards的意思是"回报，酬谢"，在句中作动词seek的宾语，表示"寻求回报"。故选C。
（5）A.考查副词修饰形容词。句意：对人类来说，嗅觉对于探测潜在的有害物质并作出反应似乎特别重要。句中harmful是形容词，由副词potentially"潜在地"修饰，表示"潜在的有害物质"。故选A。
（6）I.考查动词时态。句意：卡罗林斯卡学院的研究人员现在开发了一种方法，首次使测量来自人类嗅觉器官的信号成为可能。人类嗅觉器官处理气味，然后将信号传递到大脑中控制运动和逃避行为的部分。该句是现在完成时，表示"已经开发了一种方法"，所以developed符合题意。故选I。
（7）F.考查及物动词。句意：卡罗林斯卡学院的研究人员现在开发了一种方法，首次使测量来自人类嗅觉器官的信号成为可能。人类嗅觉器官处理气味，然后将信号传递到大脑中控制运动和逃避行为的部分。情态动词can后面跟动词原形，此处表示"传递"信号，所以及物动词transmit"传递"符合题意。故选F。
（8）B.考查名词作主语。句意：他们的结果是基于三个实验得出的。在实验中，参与者被要求对他们对六种不同气味（一些是积极的，一些是消极的）的体验打分，同时测量了嗅觉器官对每种气味做出反应时的电生理活动。此处指他们的"结果"，所以名词results"结果"符合题意。故选B。
（9）H.考查现在分词作时间状语。句意：他们的结果是基于三个实验得出的。在实验中，参与者被要求对他们对六种不同气味（一些是积极的，一些是消极的）的体验打分，同时测量了嗅觉器官对每种气味做出反应时的电生理活动。固定短语：respond to"回应，响应"，此处是现在分词作时间状语。故选H。
（10）K.考查副词修饰动词。句意：很明显，这个器官对负面气味的反应特别迅速，并在大约300毫秒内向器官的外层发出直接信号。此处指反应特别迅速，所以副词rapidly"迅速地"符合题意。故选K。
【点评】如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如主谓一致，动词的时态，语态，固定短语，名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。
Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension Section ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
16．（15分）While people who are both trustworthy and capable are the most sought after when it comes to team assembly，friendliness and trustworthiness are often more important factors than ability.
"We assume that people are（1）　B　for important task forces and teams because of the knowledge，skills and abilities they bring to the table.However，this research suggests that people may often get picked because team members feel（2）　D　with them，" said Cynthia Maupin，assistant professor of organizational behavior and leadership in Binghamton University's School of Management. "People may be willing to（3）　A　a bit in terms of performance in order to have a really positive team experience."
Maupin and her colleagues focused on a group of MBA students to conduct their study.Students were（4）　C　ssigned to teams at the beginning of the semester to work on class projects and assignments.Toward the end of the semester，students were asked to form their own teams and （5）　B　why they selected each member of their group.
"We wanted to find out what people did to（6）　A　to others that they might be someone who would be good to team up with in the future，" Maupin said.
The researchers（7）　D　looked at how students signaled their human capital，the ability to do their tasks well，and their social capital，the（8）　C　 to which they were friendly and trustworthy，to other students by studying their use of either challenging or supportive voice：
• Challenging voice：Communicating in a way that challenges the present circumstances and is（9）　B　new ideas and efficiency.
• Supportive voice：Communicating in a way that（10）　D　social ties and trust，and builds friendly unity of a team.
The researchers found that people who（11）　A　both abilities，through the use of challenging voice，and trustworthiness，through the use of supportive voice，were the most in﹣demand people when it came to（12）　C　teams.
"As might be expected，anyone who was very strong in terms of signaling both their human and social capital were extremely sought after.They're doing all the right things to（13）　A　that they're both trustworthy and a good worker，" Maupin said.
However，the researchers found that students who only exhibited social capital through（14）　D　 voice were more sought after than those who only signaled their ability through the use of challenging voice.
"Our findings suggest that when people feel like they can trust you，even if you're not（15）　B　the best worker，they're going to be more likely to want to work with you，" Maupin said. "They know that there are likely to be fewer interpersonal issues in that case."

（1）A.qualified
B.selected
C.examined
D.accounted
（2）A.dissatisfied
B.favourite
C.permanent
D.comfortable
（3）A.sacrifice
B.exchange
C.prohibit
D.contribute
（4）A.deliberately
B.originally
C.randomly
D.purposefully
（5）A.bargain
B.assess
C.negotiate
D.neglect
（6）A.signal
B.contribute
C.devote
D.manage
（7）A.indefinitely
B.frequently
C.considerably
D.specifically
（8）A.occasion
B.mission
C.degree
D.opinion
（9）A.engaged in
B.focused on
C.gotten across
D.taken off
（10）A.adjusts
B.decreases
C.monitors
D.strengthens
（11）A.exhibited
B.developed
C.evaluated
D.concealed
（12）A.separating
B.dominating
C.assembling
D.maintaining
（13）A.establish
B.resolve
C.analyze
D.estimate
（14）A.challenging
B.moderate
C.healthful
D.supportive
（15）A.doubtfully
B.necessarily
C.questionably
D.fortunately
【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述研究表明在组建团队方面，友好和值得信赖往往是比能力更重要的因素，那些表现出可信赖的人，在组建团队时是最受欢迎的人，当人们觉得他们可以信任你时，即使你不一定是最好的员工，他们也会更愿意和你一起工作。
【解答】（1）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.qualified取得资格；B.selected挑选；C.examined仔细检查；D.accounted解释。句意：我们认为人们被挑选到重要的特别工作组和团队是因为他们带来的知识、技能和能力。根据下文" because of the knowledge，skills and abilities they bring to the table."可推断，人们因为他们的知识，技能和能力被挑选到重要的特别工作组和团队。故选B。
（2）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.dissatisfied不满足的；B.favourite最喜欢的；C.permanent永久的；D.comfortable 舒适的。句意：然而，这项研究表明，人们可能经常被选中是因为团队成员觉得舒适。根据上文"for important task forces and teams because of the knowledge，skills and abilities they bring to the table." 是转折关系可推断，此处表示人们经常被选中是因为他们让人们感觉舒适。故选D。
（3）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.sacrifice 牺牲；B.exchange交换；C.prohibit禁止；D.contribute奉献。句意：人们可能愿意在表现方面牺牲一点，以获得一个真正积极的团队体验。根据下文"in order to have a really positive team experience."可推断，为了有积极的团队体验，人们愿意做出一点牺牲。故选A。
（4）C.考查副词及语境理解。A.deliberately 有意地，从容地；B.originally起初；C.randomly随意地，随机地；D.purposefully 有明确目标地。句意：在学期开始时，学生们被随机分配到不同的小组，进行课堂项目和作业。根据下文"Toward the end of the semester，students were asked to form their own teams"可推断，学生们是随机分组的。故选C。
（5）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.bargain交易；B.assess评估；C.negotiate协商，谈判；D.neglect忽视。句意：在学期结束时，学生们被要求组成他们自己的团队并评估他们为什么选择小组中的每个成员。根据下文"why they selected each member of their group."可知学生们要给出评价，给出为什么选择他们小组的成员的理由。故选B。
（6）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.signal发信号，示意；B.contribute做贡献；C.devote奉献；D.manage设法，管理。句意："我们想要弄清楚，人们如何向他人示意，表明他们可能是未来适合合作的人，"莫平说。根据下文"how students signaled their human capital"可知，人们向他们示意，自己是未来适合合作的人。故选A。
（7）D.考查副词及语境理解。A.indefinitely不明确地；B.frequently频繁地；C.considerably 相当，非常；D.specifically特意地，专门地。句意：研究人员通过研究学生们使用挑战性或支持性的声音专门观察了学生如何向其他学生展示他们的人力资本、完成任务的能力，以及他们的社会资本、他们的友好和值得信任的程度。根据下文"looked at how students signaled their human capital，the ability to do their tasks well，and their social capital."可推断，这些是研究人员专门观察的事情。故选D。
（8）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.occasion机会，场合；B.mission职责，使命；C.degree程度；D.opinion意见。句意：研究人员通过研究学生们使用挑战性或支持性的声音专门观察了学生如何向其他学生展示他们的人力资本、完成任务的能力，以及他们的社会资本、他们的友好和值得信任的程度。根据下文"by studying their use of either challenging or supportive voice：（通过研究他们使用的具有挑战性或支持性的声音）"可推断，此处说的是他们所表现出来的对他人的友好和值得信任的程度。故选C。
（9）B.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.engaged in忙于，参与；B.focused on集中；C.gotten across被理解；D.taken off脱下。句意：具有挑战的声音以一种挑战当前环境的方式进行交流，集中在新的想法和效率上。根据上文"challenges the present circumstances 可推断，挑战性声音挑战当前环境，集中在新的想法和效率上。故选B。
（10）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.adjusts调整；B.decreases减少；C.monitors监视，监控；D.strengthens加强，巩固。句意：支持性声音以加强社会关系和信任的方式进行沟通，并发展团队的友好团结。根据下文"and and builds friendly unity of a team.（发展团队的友好团结）"可推断，上下文是并列关系，因此推断此处说的是巩固社会关系和信任。故选D。
（11）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.exhibited展览，展示；B.developed发展；C.evaluated估计；D.concealed隐藏，隐瞒。句意：研究人员发现，那些通过使用挑战的声音表现出两种能力的人，和通过使用支持的声音表现出可信赖的人，在组建团队时是最受欢迎的人。根据下文"through the use of challenging voice."可知，通过具有挑战的声音人们展示出两种能力。故选A。
（12）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.separating分开；B.dominating控制；C.assembling聚集，组装；D.maintaining维持，保持。句意：研究人员发现那些通过使用挑战的声音表现出两种能力的人，和通过使用支持的声音表现出可信赖的人，在组建团队时是最受欢迎的人。根据上文"when it came to（12）teams"可知，此处说的是组建团队。故选C。
（13）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.establish建立，证明；B.resolve决定，决心；C.analyze分析；D.estimate估计。句意：他们做了所有正确的事情来证明他们是值得信赖的好员工。根据上文""As might be expected，anyone who was very strong in terms of signaling both their human and social capital were extremely sought after.（ 正如我们所预料的，那些善于表达自己的人力和社会资本的人都是最抢手的。）"可推知，他们做了正确的事情来证实自己是可信赖的好员工。故选A。
（14）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.challenging有挑战性的；B.moderate适中的；C.healthul有益于健康的；D.supportive支持的。句意：然而，研究人员发现，那些只通过支持的声音表现出社会资本的学生比那些通过挑战的声音表明自己能力的学生更受欢迎。根据下文"than those who only signaled their ability through the use of challenging voice."可推断，此处与使用挑战性的声音的方式表明能力的学生进行比较，表示使用支持性的声音表现社会资本的学生。故选D。
（15）B.考查副词及语境理解。A.doubtfully怀疑地，含糊地；B.necessarily必要地，不可避免地；C.questionably可疑地；D.fortunately 幸运地。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当人们觉得他们可以信任你时，即使你不一定是最好的员工，他们也会更愿意和你一起工作。根据上文"through the use of supportive voice，were the most in﹣demand people when it came to（12）teams.（ 研究人员发现通过使用支持的声音表现出可信赖的人，在组建团队时是最受欢迎的人。）"可推断，研究发现当人们信任你时，即使你不是最好的员工，他们也愿意和你合作。not necessarily不定，未必。故选B。
【点评】近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
17．（8分）Early on，by age nine perhaps，I discovered my passion for both reading and writing fiction.The discovery was sudden and unexpected：one very hot summer day in Birmingham （no air conditioning），while reading，I realized I was trembling with cold.I had become caught up in a Laura Ingalls Wilder description of a snowstorm.How is this possible？I asked myself，and the answer came immediately.It's these words.Just these words have made me feel cold.Full of wonder and admiration for Laura's writing，I thought，I'd like to be able to do that someday.
Nonetheless，I found myself beginning college as a premedical student with the intention of becoming a doctor.You see，I wanted to do good，or to be a good person，one devoted to the welfare of others.And what of my own love of reading and my interest in imaginative writing？Both still gave me immense pleasure，though I was failing chemistry.But what good is literature？I asked myself.And I asked my serious﹣minded student friends the same question.To spend my life merely doing what I loved seemed unacceptably self﹣centered.
One day in a literature class at my small，excellent liberal arts college，the knowledgeable professor，who was also dean of the college，posed a question that none of us could answer： "In what way are Huck of Huckleberry Finn and Pip of Charles Dickens's Great Expectations alike？" While I did not know the answer，what I did know﹣in a strange flash of awareness﹣was that whatever the answer，it would be of crucial importance to the young man sitting across the corridor from me.
And who was he？A brilliant person，a troubled person for all his brilliance，someone I loved and admired.
The professor answered his own question. "Both are boys in search of a father." And I knew my friend across the corridor，through literature，suddenly understood his own confusion.He knew in an instinctive way something of vital importance.What was true of those fictive boys was also true of him：he needed to become a guiding father to himself.
The class was over.As my friend Dwight and I walked out the door together into the hall，he said without looking at me， "And how can you doubt，Sena，that literature can do good in the world？" Without looking at him，but sure both his eyes and my eyes were shined with tears，I replied， "I know.I know." I knew that literature could and does make ideas and feelings real，dramatic，and accessible in a way that enhances the quality of our lives.
And so I gave myself permission to embrace a literary life，both as reader and as writer.If something I might come to write offered one wonderful person a new and needed perspective，then I could justify choosing a life for myself in literature.
That was all a very long time ago，about half a century ago.My friend would die in an auto accident before he was twenty﹣one.And I would live to be extraordinarily happy in my choice of professions.
This I believe：that the arts must be a part of education at all levels，that the arts can and do offer us not only pleasure but also invaluable insights into ourselves and our world.

（1）What was the embarrassing situation Sena the author of the passage faced？ 　C　
A.She was attracted by Laura's writing but felt extremely cold.
B.She did not know how to answer the question but it was important.
C.She loved literature but wanted to do something good for humanity.
D.She admired her brilliant friend Dwight but he died in an accident.
（2）The author of the passage mentioned her friend Dwight to demonstrate 　D　.
A.only he could answer the professor's question
B.he was the very person she loved and admired
C.literature becomes a guiding father to himself
D.literature offers us priceless insights into ourselves
（3）It can be concluded that the author decided to 　B　.
A.follow her passion for being a doctor
B.devote herself to literature in her life
C.be a reader to enhance the quality of her life
D.be a doctor and engaged in literature sometimes
（4）What might be the best title for the passage？ 　A　
A life in literature
B.A medical career
C.An unforgettable lesson
D.An unexpected accident
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章讲述了作者的文学生涯。
【解答】（1）C．推理判断题。根据第二段中"You see，I wanted to do good，or to be a good person，one devoted to the welfare of others.And what of my own love of reading and my interest in imaginative writing？Both still gave me immense pleasure，though I was failing chemistry.But what good is literature？I asked myself.And I asked my serious﹣minded student friends the same question.To spend my life merely doing what I loved seemed unacceptably self﹣centered.（你看，我想做善事，或做一个好人，一个致力于他人福利的人。我自己对阅读的热爱和对想象力写作的兴趣又如何呢？虽然我的化学成绩不及格，但这两件事仍然给我带来了极大的快乐。但是文学有什么好处呢？我问我自己。我问了我那些严肃的学生朋友同样的问题。只做自己喜欢的事似乎是不可接受的以自我为中心）"，可知，这篇文章的作者Sena所面临的尴尬局面是她热爱文学，但想为人类做些好事。故选C。
（2）D．推理判断题。根据第六段"The class was over.As my friend Dwight and I walked out the door together into the hall，he said without looking at me， "And how can you doubt，Sena，that literature can do good in the world？" Without looking at him，but sure both his eyes and my eyes were shined with tears，I replied， "I know.I know." I knew that literature could and does make ideas and feelings real，dramatic，and accessible in a way that enhances the quality of our lives.（下课了。当我和我的朋友德怀特一起走出大门走进大厅时，他没有看我一眼就说："你怎么能怀疑文学能给世界带来好处呢，塞纳？" 我没有看他，但他的眼睛和我的眼睛都闪烁着泪光，我回答说："我知道。我知道。" 我知道，文学能够而且确实能让想法和感觉变得真实、戏剧化、通俗易懂，从而提高我们的生活质量）"，可知，这篇文章的作者提到了她的朋友德怀特，以证明文学为我们提供了无价的自我洞察。故选D。
（3）B．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段"so I gave myself permission to embrace a literary life，both as reader and as writer.If something I might come to write offered one wonderful person a new and needed perspective，then I could justify choosing a life for myself in literature.（所以我允许自己以读者和作家的身份去拥抱文学生活。如果我要写的东西能给一个优秀的人提供一个新的和需要的视角，那么我就能证明自己选择文学生活是正确的）"，可知，作者决定在她的一生中致力于文学。故选B。
（4）A．标题判断题。根据倒数第三段中"so I gave myself permission to embrace a literary life，both as reader and as writer.（所以我允许自己以读者和作家的身份去拥抱文学生活）"和最后一段"This I believe：that the arts must be a part of education at all levels，that the arts can and do offer us not only pleasure but also invaluable insights into ourselves and our world.（我相信这一点：艺术必须是各级教育的一部分，艺术不仅能而且确实能给我们带来快乐，还能让我们对自己和我们的世界有宝贵的见解）"，可知，这篇文章讲述作者的文学生涯。所以A项A life in literature（文学生活）为最佳标题。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材的阅读理解时要求考生对文章先通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上进行合理地分析，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
18．（6分）Even if the world makes it hard to relax，we all need to find a way to reset and recharge.We go through life thinking we've rested because we have gotten enough sleep―but in reality we are missing out on the other types of rest we desperately need.Saudra Dalton﹣Smith，a physician，outlines different types of rest that are essential for human growing.
Physical rest
This is the usual definition of rest were a familiar with.But while we know we need to spend a decent number of hours in bed to stay healthy，a steady persistent support of studies shows a large proportion of us still don't get enough physical rest.
Mental rest
Always have a tornado of thoughts spinning in your head from the moment you wake up to the moment you finally fall asleep？You need more mental rest，and even if you sleep a solid eight hours a night，you're not going to feel fully recharged until you get it.
"The good news is you don't have to quit your job or go on vacation to fix this.Schedule short breaks to occur every two hours throughout your workday these breaks can remind you to slow down.You might also keep a notepad by the bed to write down any painful thoughts that would keep you awake，" suggests Dalton﹣smith.
Sensory rest
Staring at screens all day and all night means your eyes never get a proper rest，but this isn't the only reason many of us never give our senses a break.Noisy cites，sharp sound announcements and loud music all contribute to constant sensory stimulation.Your brain needs a rest now and again.Consciously close your eyes and give yourself the gift of silence for short periods throughout the day.
Emotional rest
This "means having the time and space to freely express your feelings and cut back on people﹣pleasing，" Dalton﹣smith explains. "Emotional rest also requires the courage to be genuine.An emotionally rested person can answer the question， ‘How are you today？' with a truthful ‘I'm not okay'﹣and then go on to share some hard things that otherwise go unsaid."
In other words，we all need the space to stop pretending for ourselves and others and get real about our feelings.
（1）Which of the following statement is true about the types of rest mentioned in the passage？ 　B　
A.Physical rest means lying in bed for a proper period and exercising.
B.Mental rest indicates resting every two hours when you're working.
C.Sensory rest means keeping silent frequently and staring at screens.
D.Emotional rest means pretending to share private affairs with others.
（2）What type of rest do you need most if you're working with a computer in an office？ 　C　
A.Physical rest
B.Mental rest
C.Sensory rest
D.Emotional rest
（3）It can be concluded that if a person feels tired，he should 　A　.
A.try to identify just what sort of rest he's lacking exactly
B.spend some time with those who can energize him
C.have the four types of rest mentioned in the passage in order
D.have a need to feel connected to something larger than himself




【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了除睡眠以外的四种休息方式。它们可以帮助我们更好地调整生活和工作状态，改善身体和精神健康状况。
【解答】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第四段"Schedule short breaks to occur every two hours throughout your workday （在工作日中，每隔两个小时安排一次短暂的休息）"可知，精神休息指的是工作时每隔两个小时进行短时休息。故选B项。
（2）C.推理判断题。根据第五段"Staring at screens all day and all night means your eyes never get a proper rest，but this isn't the only reason many of us never give our senses a break. （整天整夜盯着屏幕意味着你的眼睛永远得不到适当的休息，但这并非我们许多人从不让我们的感官休息的唯一原因。）"可知，如果我们整天在办公室对着一台电脑工作，我们可能最需要进行感官休息。故选C项。
（3）A.推理判断题。根据第一段"We go through life thinking we've rested because we have gotten enough sleep―but in reality we are missing out on the other types of rest we desperately need.Saudra Dalton﹣Smith，a physician，outlines different types of rest that are essential for human growing. （我们终其一生都认为我们已经休息了，因为我们已经得到了足够的睡眠，但实际上我们错过了我们迫切需要的其他类型的休息。医生Saudra Dalton﹣Smith概述了对人类成长至关重要的不同类型的休息）"可推知，认为足够的睡眠是唯一休息方式是不正确的，所以当一个人感到疲倦时，他需要弄清楚他到底缺少什么样的休息。故选A项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
19．（8分）Transhumanism，first coined in 1957 by biologist Julian Huxley，meant "man remaining man，but going beyond himself by realizing new possibilities of and for his human nature." Generally speaking，transhumanism in its modern meaning implies that human beings can be enhanced by the means of science to the extent when they rise above biological limitations and capabilities programmed by nature.The species into which humanity transforms this way will be called post human，or trans human，as it would have be something new﹣based on human nature，but going beyond it at the same time.
There are numerous areas which，according to transhumanists，require enhancement，as well as there are countless proposals on the means of such enhancement.In particular，transhumanists work on such problems as overcoming the physical boundaries of the human body.Starting with aging，which they believe to be rather a disease than a natural process，and ending up with replacing organs with their artificial ones，transhumanists believe that the human body is imperfect，and that it should be improved.All kinds of nanotechnologies for repairing damaged organs；nerve stimulants and drugs to alter mood and eliminate negative emotions；brain implants and implanted technologies to allow interconnectivity between multiple human beings and to advance intelligence﹣these and many more actions are just some of the means transhumanists plan to use to make humanity better.
Some of the technologies transhumanists plan to employ to push the boundaries of humanity are available already.For example，gene therapy allowing to cure or stop certain diseases that were considered terminal；CRISPRi or SHARP﹣2 methods，which were discovered not so long ago，have already proved to be efficient in treating a number of complicated medical conditions，and in case further research is conducted，they might significantly improve the quality of medicine worldwide.Virtual reality，another technology from science﹣fiction movies of the late 1980s，has become not so virtual either，after all.VR device can be easily purchased from online stores，and the prices are affordable﹣given that we are speaking of technology capable of substituting actual reality.So far，it has been mostly used for games and education，but in the future，the range of its useful applications will definitely broaden.Other technologies，which have not yet been invented but which definitely will，include large scale engineering，self﹣copying robotics，artificial intelligence，mind uploading technologies，molecular manufacturing，space colonization，and other technological wonders.
About a hundred years ago，the idea of flying in the skies seemed absurd，until Wilbur and Orville Wright proved this assumption wrong.Who knows，perhaps in a couple of decades the concepts listed here，no matter how fantastic they look now，will become reality.Moral aspects and the price humanity will have to pay for such advancements are a different subject.

（1）Which of the following statements is true about transhumanism？ 　C　
A.Promoting human health but remaining their physical appearances
B.Improving the human condition through social and cultural change
C.Developing human beings beyond their natural capabilities by technology.
D.Going beyond human beings physical limitations through natural evolution.
（2）Transhumanists' plan is based on the belief that 　D　.
A.replacing organs with their artificial ones is ideal
B.aging is rather a disease than a natural process
C.it's practical to use nanotechnologies to improve life
D.the human body is imperfect and needs improvement
（3）The underlined word "absurd" （last paragraph） is closest in meaning to 　A　.
A.ridiculous
B.creative
C.reasonable
D.practical
（4）This passage is particularly written about 　B　.
A.various kinds of definitions of transhumanism
B.different technologies substituting human reality
C.proposals on the human beings enhancement
D.artificial intelligence and human beings life
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了超人类主义这一概念，并通过举例来说明人类可以通过哪些技术来突破自然设定的生物局限和能力，从而成为超人类。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第一段中"Generally speaking，transhumanism in its modern meaning implies that human beings can be enhanced by the means of science to the extent when they rise above biological limitations and capabilities programmed by nature.（一般来说，现代意义上的超人类主义意味着，通过科学手段，人类可以提升到超越自然设定的生物局限和能力的程度）"可知，超人类主义认为，通过技术可以使人类超越其自然能力。故选C项。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据第二段中"There are numerous areas which，according to transhumanists，require enhancement，as well as there are countless proposals on the means of such enhancement.In particular，transhumanists work on such problems as overcoming the physical boundaries of the human body. （根据超人类主义者的说法，有许多领域需要改进，同时也有无数关于改进方法的建议。特别是，超人类主义者致力于克服人类身体的物理局限等问题）"和"Starting with aging，which they believe to be rather a disease than a natural process，and ending up with replacing organs with their artificial ones，transhumanists believe that the human body is imperfect，and that it should be improved.（从衰老开始，他们认为衰老是一种自然过程而不是一种疾病，最后是用人造器官替换器官。超人类主义者认为人类的身体是不完美的，应该得到改善）"可推知，超人类主义者克服人类身体物理局限的计划是基于他们认为人类的身体是不完美的，应该得到改善这一观点。故选D项。
（3）A.词句猜测题。结合常识和最后一段"About a hundred years ago，the idea of flying in the skies seemed absurd，until Wilbur and Orville Wright proved this assumption wrong. （大约一百年前，在天空中飞翔的想法似乎是absurd，直到威尔伯和奥维尔•赖特证明了这一臆断是错误的） "中"Wilbur and Orville Wright proved this assumption wrong"可推知，一百年前的人们认为天空飞翔的想法是不切实际的，但威尔伯和奥维尔•赖特证明了他们的观念是错误的，划线词absurd在句中指"不可能的，不切实际的"，与ridiculous（可笑的，荒谬的）语义相近。故选A项。
（4）B.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了超人类主义这一概念，并通过举例来说明人类可以通过哪些技术来突破自然设定的生物局限和能力，从而成为超人类。文章详细列举了replacing organs with their artificial ones（用他们的人造器官替换器官）、nanotechnologies for repairing damaged organs（修复受损器官的纳米技术）、nerve stimulants and drugs to alter mood and eliminate negative emotions（神经兴奋剂和药物改变情绪和消除消极情绪）、brain implants and implanted technologies（大脑植入和植入技术）、gene therapy（基因治疗）、CRISPRi or SHARP﹣2 methods（CRISPRi或SHARP﹣2方法）、Virtual reality（虚拟现实）、large scale engineering（大型工程）和self﹣copying robotics（自我复制机器人）等技术，因此本文主要写的是用于取代了人类现实的不同技术。故选B项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
Section CDirections： Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
20．（8分）
A.Besides，you might have noticed how unwilling you may be when having to apologize in front of a different person–even if it was you who were wrong.
B.This varies depending on the weight of a decision that needs to be made.
C.Unlike many people got used to believing，procrastination is not a negative feature of character such as laziness.
D.Usually，people tend to see procrastination as something bad.
E.In fact，procrastinating in this case is also beneficial.
F.A pressing matter，an urgent document that needs to be written by the end of the day，an especially difficult piece of work，whatever.
Why You Should Not Worry About Procrastination
Perhaps every person on Earth has at least once been in a situation when he or she has an urgent task to do，but instead of challenging it head on，he or she postpones working on this task for as long as possible.This delay can take various forms：from doing nothing，to doing a lot of work–just not the work that should be done.The phenomenon described here is called procrastination，and its roots go much deeper than mere laziness.
（1）　D　.They invent dozens of strategies how to stop procrastinating and increase their efficiency，forgetting about the fact that like many other psychological mechanisms，procrastination serves its own purpose，and probably even carries a message worth decoding.So，instead of blaming yourself for being lazy，the next time you procrastinate，try to look past it，and figure out what is happening to you.Most likely，procrastination is your friend.Why？
There are several arguments proving this statement.First of all，it helps you figure out your most pressing priorities.Usually，you will not procrastinate over some minor task such as sharpening a pencil or drinking a glass of water.Problems start when there is something important or difficult that needs to be done.Reasons keeping you from doing work can be different，but here is a clue to remember：try to figure out what exactly makes you avoid–as a rule，it should be exactly what your top priority task is at the moment. （2）　F　.On the other hand，procrastination may serve you as an indicator that you are doing something wrong，or that you are pushing yourself too hard and need to take some time to rest.Either way，the means you use to overcome procrastination is a different story；so far，try seeing procrastination as a marker，an index–and you will discover that it can be quite useful.
Surprisingly enough，procrastination can even help you fix a relationship with another person.If you had a fight，for example，there is a period of time when whatever you say to each other will most likely be perceived with skepticism or even hostility. （3）　A　.In this case，procrastination may give you enough time to make up your mind，find your courage，and think of the proper words or actions for an apology.The same works for another person：after a cool down period，he or she will be more susceptible to what you have to say.Use this to your advantage.
As we can see，procrastination is not necessarily a bad thing. （4）　C　.But it is rather a psychological instrument，the main function of which is to slow you down and give you enough time to sort out your priorities，gather information before making an important decision，or finding proper words to make your amends with another person.Thus，instead of avoiding and denying procrastination，you might want to embrace it–at least sometimes.
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述的是"为什么你不应该担心拖延症"。
【解答】（1）D.段落大意题。根据下文"They invent dozens of strategies how to stop procrastinating and increase their efficiency，forgetting about the fact that like many other psychological mechanisms，procrastination serves its own purpose，and probably even carries a message worth decoding.So，instead of blaming yourself for being lazy，the next time you procrastinate，try to look past it，and figure out what is happening to you.Most likely，procrastination is your friend.Why？（他们发明了许多策略来阻止拖延并提高效率，却忘记了一个事实，那就是像许多其他心理机制一样，拖延有它自己的目的，甚至可能传递了一个值得解码的信息。所以，下次你拖延的时候，不要责怪自己懒惰，试着回顾过去，找出发生在你身上的事情。拖延症很可能是你的朋友。为什么？）可知，人们试图克服拖延症，认为它不好事，D项"Usually，people tend to see procrastination as something bad. （通常，人们倾向于把拖延视为坏事）"能概括本段大意，与下文语意连贯，构成因果关系。故选D。
（2）F.细节理解题。根据上文"but here is a clue to remember：try to figure out what exactly makes you avoid–as a rule，it should be exactly what your top priority task is at the moment. （但这里有一条线索要记住：试着找出到底是什么让你逃避工作﹣﹣﹣﹣作为一个原则，它应该正好是你此刻最重要的任务。）"可知，此处提到要找出此刻最重要的任务，F项"A pressing matter，an urgent document that needs to be written by the end of the day，an especially difficult piece of work，whatever.（一件紧急的事情，一份需要在一天结束前完成的紧急文件，一件特别困难的工作，不管是什么。）"是对上文的举例说明，语意连贯。故选F。
（3）A.推理判断题。上文讲"If you had a fight，for example，there is a period of time when whatever you say to each other will most likely be perceived with skepticism or even hostility. （例如，如果你们吵架了，有一段时间你们对彼此说的任何话都很可能被认为是怀疑甚至敌意的。） "吵架后无法沟通交流，A项"Besides，you might have noticed how unwilling you may be when having to apologize in front of a different person–even if it was you who were wrong.（此外，你可能已经注意到，当你不得不在另一个人面前道歉时，你可能是多么不情愿，即使是你错了。）"讲吵架后都不愿意道歉，与上文构成并列关系，这两种情况即下文中所说"In this case"，且下文"In this case，procrastination may give you enough time to make up your mind，find your courage，and think of the proper words or actions for an apology.（在这种情况下，拖延可能会给你足够的时间来下定决心，找到勇气，并想出适当的言语或行动来道歉。）"提供了解决解决问题的办法：procrastination（拖延）。上下文语意连贯。故选A。
（4）C.推理判断题。根据上文"As we can see，procrastination is not necessarily a bad thing. （正如我们所看到的，拖延不一定是一件坏事。）"可知，拖延症并不像人们通常认为的是一件坏事。C项"Unlike many people got used to believing，procrastination is not a negative feature of character such as laziness.（与许多人习惯认为的不同，拖延症不是像懒惰那样的消极性格特征。）"是对上文语意的顺承，与上文语意连贯。故选C。
【点评】选句填空是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
Ⅳ.Summary Writing Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.
21．（10分）
Romantic Attraction
Sometimes，it seems we are attracted towards people romantically in a puzzling manner.We see someone and our romantic side bursts out.However，it is not a mystery to science and people who study sociology.There are definite causes as to why people become romantically attracted to each other.These factors are，similarity，communication，and honesty.
Though people often say opposites attract，similarity often connects individuals in a romantic way.In fact，based on research done by the University of Colorado Boulder，we tend to choose partners who have a similar DNA to ours.Of course we cannot examine the DNA of others readily，but we can naturally "feel" if people are a genetic match for us.
Communication is another essential factor in the romantic attraction way.If we feel a deep connection to someone through the ease of talking with them，we are much more likely to be attracted to that person.It is difficult to be romantically involved with someone you can barely communicate with.And as a side note，there are people we are not attracted to each other in appearance，but after communicating with them for some time，we suddenly become romantically interested in them.
Friends often connect through noticing the honesty of others，but this also lends to romantic attraction.According to Kelly Campbell，PhD， "Chemistry occurs most often between people who are down﹣to﹣earth and sincere.This is because if a person is comfortable with themselves，they are better able to express their true self to the world，which makes it easier to get to know them，even if perspectives on important matters differed".This adds to the perspective that easy communication between people contributes to romantic attraction.

______________________
【分析】本文为说明文。文章介绍相似性、沟通和诚实是人们吸引他人注意力的原因。并一一进行解释。
高分句型一：Similarity，communication and honesty are the reasons why people draw others' attention.
译文：相似性、沟通和诚实是人们吸引他人注意力的原因。
分析：这句话使用why引导定语从句修饰the reasons。
高分句型二：Thirdly，honesty leads to romantic attraction，as we are happy with honest people and understand each other easily.
译文：第三，诚实会带来浪漫的吸引力，因为我们和诚实的人在一起很快乐，也很容易相互理解。
分析：这句话使用as引导原因状语从句。
【解答】Similarity，communication and honesty are the reasons why people draw others' attention.【高分句型一】（相似性、沟通和诚实是人们吸引他人注意力的原因。）Firstly，research shows genetic similarity makes a good match.（相似性是很好的匹配）Secondly，communicating with each other makes us feel connected and interested.（相互交流使我们感到相互联系和感兴趣）Thirdly，honesty leads to romantic attraction，as we are happy with honest people and understand each other easily. 【高分句型二】（诚实会带来浪漫的吸引力）
【点评】概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
Ⅴ.TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.
22．（3分）雨越下越大，他不得已只有打车回家。（oblige）
　It rained more and more heavily，so he was obliged to take taxi home　.
【分析】雨越下越大，他不得已只有打车回家。
【解答】句子陈述的是过去的事，故用过去时。分析句意，上文"雨越下越大"和下文"他不得已只有打车回家"构成因果关系，故用so（所以）连接两个句子；be obliged to意为"不得不做某事，有义务做某事"，故译为It rained more and more heavily，so he was obliged to take taxi home。
故填：It rained more and more heavily，so he was obliged to take taxi home.
【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
23．（3分）一年四季，这一旅游胜地都值得观光。（worth）
　This tourist attraction is worth visiting all the year round　.
【分析】一年四季，这一旅游胜地都值得观光。
【解答】句子陈述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时。be worth doing意为"值得做某事"；故句子译为This tourist attraction is worth visiting all the year round。
故填：This tourist attraction is worth visiting all the year round.
【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
24．（4分）研究表明，人们极有可能因为自己没有充分发挥出全部潜能而懊悔莫及。（likely）
　Research shows （that）people are very likely to regret thinking （that）they have not developed their potential to the full　.
【分析】研究表明，人们极有可能因为自己没有充分发挥出全部潜能而懊悔莫及。
【解答】本句是主从复合句。句子描述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时。be very likely to意为"极有可能"；regret doing意为"对做过的事遗憾、后悔"；句子译为Research shows （that）people are very likely to regret thinking （that）they have not developed their potential to the full，句中含有两个that引导的宾语从句。
故填：Research shows （that）people are very likely to regret thinking （that）they have not developed their potential to the full.
【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
25．（5分）这是一部适合家长和孩子共同阅读的书籍，不仅能促进亲子关系更加和谐，还能让孩子在以后的成长和学习的道路上少走弯路。（…such…that…）　This is such a suitable book for parents and children to read together that it can not only promote a more harmonious parent﹣child relationship，but also help children avoid making a detour on their way to growth and learning in the future.　
【分析】这是一部适合家长和孩子共同阅读的书籍，不仅能促进亲子关系更加和谐，还能让孩子在以后的成长和学习的道路上少走弯路。
【解答】句子描述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时；not only...but also连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为"不仅……而且……"；such…that…引导结果状语从句，意为"如此…以致…"，such后接名词；根据汉语提示，句子可译为
This is such a suitable book for parents and children to read together that it can not only promote a more harmonious parent﹣child relationship，but also help children avoid making a detour on their way to growth and learning in the future。
故填：This is such a suitable book for parents and children to read together that it can not only promote a more harmonious parent﹣child relationship，but also help children avoid making a detour on their way to growth and learning in the future.
【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
Ⅵ.Guided Writing
26．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你有意参加某英文报举行的题为"My future home"征文调查活动，征文内容从这些住房特征中选择：交通便利；住房外部环境宜居；家居内部设施齐全；用具及装饰健康环保；住房智能化。现请你写一篇文章，具体要求如下：
（1）你未来理想的住房应该有以上哪三个特征？
（2）说明理由。

_____________________
【分析】高分句型一：In case of emergency，convenient transportation will allow you to get to your destination smoothly，and you will not miss the opportunity because of traffic.
译文：在紧急情况下，便捷的交通将使您能够顺利到达目的地，并且不会因为交通堵塞而错失良机。
分析：这句话使用短语In case of emergency意为"在紧急情况下"，because of"因为"。
高分句型二：I hope my future home will be built in a beautiful place with flowers and trees，which is good for our health.
译文：我希望我未来的家能建在一个有花草树木的美丽地方，这对我们的健康有好处。
分析：这句话使用which引导非限制性定语从句。
【解答】Everyone has their dream home.I hope the ideal housing in the future should have convenient transportation，livable external environment and intelligent housing.（你未来理想的住房应该有哪些特征）
In my opinion，convenient transportation should be the first choice for housing.Convenient transportation is good for us to go to work，go shopping and take the children to school.In case of emergency，convenient transportation will allow you to get to your destination smoothly，and you will not miss the opportunity because of traffic. 【高分句型一】The external environment of housing is livable and more suitable for people to live.I hope my future home will be built in a beautiful place with flowers and trees，which is good for our health.【高分句型二】In the information age，intelligent housing is beyond reproach.Such a home can make the family feel more secure and save unnecessary wasted time to do more meaningful things.（说明理由）
All in all，I want to have an ideal home that belongs to me.（总结）
【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
声明：试题解析著作权属菁优网所有，未经书面同意，不得复制发布日期：2022/8/4 19:37:09；用户：李超；邮箱：lichao317807156@126.com；学号：19716718