初中英语2024届中考语法复习介词知识讲解练习
展开一、知识讲解
(一)介词定义
1.介词是表示两个词或短语之间关系的词。介词又叫做前置词,“介”就是“中间”的意思,通常位于名词和代词之前,表示后面的名词(或相当于名词的其他结构)与句子其他成分的关系。
2.介词是一种虚词,不能单独充当句子的成分,必须与它后面的名词(或相当于名词的其他结构)结合起来,构成介词短语,才能充当句子成分。介词常接名词、代词、动名词等。
(二)介词分类
介词按其构成可分为:
(1)简单介词:
如as, in, n, at, by, fr,t等;
(2) 复合介词:由两个介词构成,有的连写,有的分写,
如int; nt; ut f; up t等;
(2)短语介词:由短语构成,
如because f; accrding t; in frnt f等;
(4) 分词介词:由动词的现在分词构成,
如regarding; including; cncerning等。
(三)介词功能
1.介词和名词的关系:介词总是位于名词或名词短语之前,构成介词短语。
Eg: Peple lved life in the pen air.
人们喜欢露天的生活。
2.介词和动词的关系:介词经常与动词固定搭配,组成短语动词。
Eg: We always believe in him.
我们一直相信他。
3.介词和形容词的关系:介词经常与形容词固定搭配,作形容词的宾语。
Eg: She is gd at swimming.
她擅长游泳。
4.“介词 + 宾语”构成介词短语,常作定语、状语、表语等。
Eg: A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难朋友才是真朋友。 (定语)
I live in Beijing.
我住在北京。 (状语)
The child is like his mther.
这个孩子像他母亲。 (表语)
(四)地点介词
1.表位置 at; n; in
* 表地点时,
at表示的位置是个“点”,
n表示的位置是个“面”,
in表示的位置是个“体”。
Eg: The by is standing at the dr.
小男孩站在门口。
There is a picture n the dr.
门上有一张画。
There is a small hle in the dr.
门上有个洞。
* in和at在表地点时,大地点多用in,小地点多用at.
Eg: I arrived in Beijing tw days ag.
我两天前到达北京。
I arrived at the shp tw hurs ag.
我两小时前到商店。
* 表示“在某街道”时,其前有门牌号时,介词用at
Eg: I live at 105 Shanghai Street.
我住在上海路105号。
2.表方位 in,t,n
常位于方位词nrth、east、suth、west前
* in指“在...内部:
Eg: Shanghai is in the east f China.
上海在中国东方。
* t指“在...外部”(不接壤)
Eg: Japan is t the east f China.
日本在中国东方。
* n指“与...接壤”
Eg: Russia is n the nrth f China.
俄罗斯在中国北方。
3.表上下ver; under; abve; belw; n
* ver:“在...正上方”,表示两者不接触
Eg: There is a bridge ver the river.
这条河上有座桥。
* under: “在...正下方”,表示两者不接触
Eg: There is a bag under the desk.
桌子下面有个包。
* abve:“在...上方”,表示;两者不接触,不一定垂直
Eg: The plane is flying abve the cluds.
飞机在云上飞。
* belw:“在...下方”,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直
Eg: The cat is belw the desk.
那只猫在桌子下面。
* n: “在...上方”,表示有接触
Eg: There is a bk n the desk.
桌子上有本书。
4.表穿过 acrss; thrugh; ver
* acrss: 表示“穿过”物体表面,或“横过”
Eg: There is an ld man walking acrss the street.
有一位老人在过马路。
* thrugh: 表示在物体里面“穿过”或“纵穿过”
Eg: The sunshine ges thrugh the windw.
阳光从窗户射进来。
* ver:表示在物体上方“穿过”
Eg: The by jumps ver the fence.
那个那还从栅栏上跳过。
5.nt;int与get n/in
* nt和int常与动态动词连用;n和in常与静态动词连用
Eg: They came int the rm.
他们走进房间。
They are in the rm.
他们在房间里。
6.get in/ ut f与get n/ff
* get in/ut f... 指“上、下小汽车(出租车、小船、救生艇等)”
* get n/ff... 指“上、下公共汽车(火车、飞机、轮船、马等)”
Eg: The man gt ut f the car.
那个男士从小汽车里出来。
The ld man is getting ff the bus.
那位老爷爷正在下公交车。
7.其它方位词
* near:“在...附近”
Eg: My schl is near my hme.
我的学校在我家附近。
* beside:“在...旁边”
Eg: There is a bkshp beside the park.
在公园旁边有一个书店。
* behind: “在...后面”
Eg: Li Lei sits behind Lucy.
李雷坐在露西后面。
* alng: “沿着”
Eg: G alng the street.
沿着这条街走。
* twards “朝;向”
Eg: The by saw a sheep cming twards him.
那个男孩看见一只羊向他走来。
* inside: “在...里面”
Eg: I heard the vice frm inside the huse.
我听见房子里有人的声音。
* utside: “在...外面”
Eg: There is a man utside the dr.
门外有人。
(五)方式介词
with; n; by; in小结
* with: 用具体的东西,后接表示工具或身体部位的词
Eg: The men eat with their hands.
那些人用手吃饭。
* n: “通过;用”,后接通讯工具或电子产品
Eg: I watch the ftball match n TV.
我在电视上看足球赛。
* by: “用...手段或方式”, 后接动名词
Eg: Yu can learn English by reading alud.
你可以通过大声读来学英语。
* in: “用..”,语言、声音、原材料等
Eg: Please read the passage in English.
请用英语读这篇文章。
(六)常见介词
1.with 与 withut:
* with: (1) “具有”
Eg: China is a cuntry with lng histry.
中国事一个历史悠久的国家。
The girl with big eyes is Lily.
长着大眼睛的女孩事丽丽。
D yu have any mney with yu?
你身上带钱了吗?
(2) “和...一起”
Eg: He always takes a walk with his father.
他总是和他的爸爸散步。
(3) “随着;由于”
Eg: Peple’s ideas change with the change f the times.
人们的思想随着时代发生变化。
* withut: “没有;缺乏”
Eg: He ges t schl withut having breakfast.
他没吃早饭去上学。
2.against与fr:
* against (1) “反对;违背”
Eg: Few peple are against his ideas.
几乎没有人反对他的观点。
(2) “倚;靠”
Eg: There is a by standing against the dr.
有个男孩靠着门站着。
* fr (1) “为...;对于...”
Eg: I bught this scarf fr my mum.
我给妈妈买了一条围巾。
(2) “赞成”
Eg: I think yu’ll be fr my pinin.
我觉得你会支持我的观点。
3.between 与 amng:
* between “在(两者)...之间” 常与and连用
Eg: The by sits between his mther and father.
那个男孩坐在爸爸妈妈中间。
* amng “在...之中(三者或三者以上)”
Eg: Our teacher is sitting amng the students.
我们的老师坐在学生中间。
4.其它介词
* abut “关于;大约”
Eg: I will get t yur hme at abut 18:00.
我大约18:00到你家。
* arund “在...周围;环绕着”
Eg: The earth ges arund the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
* as (1) “作为”
Eg: Yu can use the bttle as a vase.
你可以用这个瓶子做花瓶。
(2) “像;如同”
Eg: He speaks English as an Englishman.
他英语说得像英国人。
* like “像;跟...一样”
Eg: She lks like her mther.
她看起来像她的妈妈。
* ff “离开;脱落”
Eg: Keep ff the grass.
远离草坪。
* past “经过;越过”
Eg: I will g past yur hme.
我会路过你的家。
(七)介词搭配
1.In系列
in class 在课堂上;
in English 用英语
in danger 处于危险中;
in fact 事实上
in rder t 为了;
in persn 亲自
in public 公开地;
in surprise 吃惊地
in return 作为回报;
in time 及时
in a hurry 匆忙;
in turn 轮流
in the future 在将来;
in a wrd 总之
in a hurry 匆忙;
in the end 最后
be interested in 对...感兴趣
be successful in 在...方面成功
be weak in 在...方面薄弱
2.At系列
at first 起初;
at last 最后
at least 至少;
at mst 最多
at present 现在;
at nce 马上
at the mment 此刻;
at table 在用餐
at the age f...在...岁时
at the end f...在...尽头
at the same time 同时
at the beginning f...在...开始时
be gd at 在...方面擅长
be mad at 在...感到愤怒
be surprised at 对...感到惊奇
3.n系列
n business 出差
n duty 值班
n ft 步行
n hliday 度假
n sale 出售
n time 准时
n ne’s wn 独立地
n the left/right 在左/右边
n the way t... 在去...的路上
n the phne 在电话中
4.by系列
by accident 偶然地
by mistake 无意地
by the way 顺便说一下
5.Abut系列
be careful abut 对...小心
be crazy abut 对...热衷
be sure abut 对...有把握
be wrried abut 对 ...感到担忧
6.Fr系列
be late fr 迟到
be famus fr 因...而著名
be ready fr 为...做准备
be gd fr 对...有好处
7.frm系列
be absent frm 缺席
be different frm 与...不同
be separated frm 和...分离开
8.Of系列
be afraid f 害怕
be full f 充满
be shrt f 短缺
be prud f 对...感到自豪
9.t系列
be clse t 靠近
be friendly t 对...友好
be kind t 对...和蔼
10.with系列
be angry with 对...生气;
be careful with 小心...
be busy with 忙于... ;
be filled with 充满...
be patient with 对...由耐心;
be satisfied with 对...感到满意;
be strict with 对...要求严格
二、专项练习
( )1.I usually g t schl ____ 7:00 ____ the mrning.
A.t; n
B.n; in
C.at; in
D.at; n
( )2.There is a map ____ China _____ the wall.
A.f;n
B.f; in
C.in; n
D.in; f
( )3.There was a big crwd waiting _____ the pening ceremny t start.
A.by
B.frm
C.fr
D.with
( )4.Culd yu tell the way _____ Renmin Park.
A.at
B.t
C.in
D.between
( )5.A terrible earthquake happened in Wenchuan _____ May,12th 2008.
A.n
B.in
C.at
D.frm
( )6.______ the help f teacher, Lily’s English is imprving.
A.withut
B.With
C.In
D.On
( )7.There is a big bridge _____ the river.
A.n
B.acrss
C.in
D.ver
( )8.In this picture, the chair is _____ the table.
A.under
B.in
C.abve
D.beside
( )9.Lily is tall and thin ______ lng hair.
A.in
B.with
C.n
D.has
( )10.The Dragn Bat Festival this year will cme _____ fur days.
A.after
B.fr
C.during
D.in
( )11.____ his surprise, Helen is gd ____ speaking English.
A.T; fr
B.T; at
C.With; fr
D.With; at
( )12.These animals ____ danger need t be prtected.
A.in
B.ut f
C.n
D.f
( )13.He saw a little by running _____ the street ____ a cld mrning.
A.ver; in
B.ver; n
C.acrss; in
D.acrss; n
( )14.Our class will play _______ Class One next week.
A.against
B.fr
C.in
D.n
( )15.We will have a trip t Beijing _____ the summer vacatin.
A.amng
B.between
C.during
D.in
( )16.The bys walked _______ the frest yesterday.
A.thrugh
B.ver
C.acrss
D.in
( )17.Guangzhu is _____ the suth f China.
A.t
B.in
C.n
D.ver
( )’s ffice is _____ the 22nd flr.Yu can take the lift there.
A.at
B.in
C.n
D.fr
( )19.The class starts _____ 8:00 _____ 9:00.
A.frm; n
B.frm; t
C.in; t
D.between; t
( )20.What’s this _____ English?
A.by
B.fr
C.in
D.n
( )21.I always help my mm with her husewrk _____ dinner.
A.befre
B.at
C.fr
D.after
( )22.Dn’t g t schl ______breakfast.It’s a bad habit.
A.after
B.with
C.withut
D.fr
( )23.The by writes _____ his left hand.
A.at
B.as
D.fr
D.with
( )24.We shuld help the peple _______.
A.in style
B.in cmmn
C.in need
D.in additin
( )25.I want a cup f cffee ______ milk.
A.in
B.with
C.f
D.fr
( )26.He always gets hme ______ 10:00 ____ the evening.
A.at; in
B.at; n
C.n; in
D.n; at
( )27.Sme students ften play games _____ night.
A.in
B.at
C.fr
D.n
( )28.There is a man waiting ______ yu at the gate.
A.at
B.in
C.with
D.fr
( )29.He started learn English _____ the age f eight.
A.in
B.t
C.at
D.n
( )30.His parents are wrried ______ his study.
A.with
B.f
C.n
D.abut
( )31.The girl is learning English _____ watching news ____ TV.
A.in; n
B.at; in
C.by; at
D.by; n
( ) was absent ______ the meeting yesterday.
A.frm
B.as
C.ver
D.acrss
( )33.Our English teacher is friendly ____ us.
A.at
B.t
C.with
D.ver
( )34.T much chclate is bad _____ ur teeth.
A.n
B.at
C.fr
D.in
( )35.There is a bkshp _____ the end f the street.
A.in
B.n
C.ver
D.at
( )36.The teachers hpe all f us can hand ____ ur hmewrk ____ time every day.
A.up; in
B.ut; n
C.n; in
D.in; n
( )37.Dn’t ask him t study t late int the night, ____, he is nly a small child.
A.as a result
B.After all
C.Best f all
D.Fr example
( )38.They always g t wrk _____ subway.
A.by
B.n
C.in
D.with
( )39.In sme western cuntries shps are clsed ____ weekends.
A.in
B.t
C.at
D.with
( )40.I like ging t schl _____ my bike.
A.in
B.n
C.by
D.at
41.Please dn’t _____ _____ _____ (对...生气) him, he is s yung.
42.We ______ _______ ______ (为...做准备) the Spring Festival nw.
43.Our teacher ______ ________ _______ (对...由耐心) us.
44.The bx ______ _______ _______ (装满)bks.
45.They _______ _____ (到达) schl n time.
46.They had t put ff the meeting _____ _____ (因为) the bad weather.
47.____ _____ ______ (首先), yu must be careful with yur things.
48._____ ______ (像往常一样), they g t schl n ft.
49.Please ______ ______ (关闭) the light befre yu leave.
50.Yu shuld ______ ______ (付款) yur lessns.
【答案】
1 -- 5 CACBA 6 -- 10 BDABD
11 -- 15 BADAC 16 -- 20 ABCBC
21 -- 25 DCDCB 26 -- 30 ABDCD
31 -- 35 DABCD 36 -- 40 DBACB
41.be angry with
42.are ready fr
43.is patient with
44.is filled with/ is full f
45.arrived at
46.because f
47.First f all
48.As usual
49.turn ff
50.pay fr
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