初中英语2024届中考语法复习数词知识讲解练习

这是一份初中英语2024届中考语法复习数词知识讲解练习，共10页。试卷主要包含了知识讲解，专项练习等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、知识讲解
（一）定义
数词是表示数目多少或顺序先后的词，也可以说数词就是数量的名词。
Eg: There are tw bks.
有两本书。
数词也经常表示大约的数量，这种约数是在具体数量的基础上，上下浮动。
Eg: It is abut seventy meters.
它大约七十米。
（二）分类：基数词和序数词
1.基数词：表示数目的词。
Eg: Six bys are playing in the park.
六个男孩正在公园玩。
2.序数词：表示顺序的先后。
Eg: This is the first bus.
这是第一辆公共汽车。
3.基数词变序数词规则：
一、二、三,单独记；结尾字母t,d,d；
th从四起，八去t,九除e,ve要用f替；
整十基数变序数,先把ty变成tie；
要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。
Eg: ne -- first;
tw -- secnd;
three -- third;
fur -- furth;
five -- fifth;
eight -- eighth;
nine -- ninth;
twenty -- twentieth;
twenty - five -- twenty - fifth
（三）功能
1.数词相当于名词时，在名词短语中担任中心词，即在句子中作主语、表语和宾语等。
Eg: Tw tws are fur.
二二得四。 (作主语）
Five times fur is twenty.
5乘4等于20. （作表语)
The cat is wrth tw hundred.
这件衣服值200元。 （作宾语）
2.数词相当于形容词时，在句子中作定语。
Eg: The first student arrived at schl at 7:00.
第一名学生七点到校。（作定语)
（四）基数词
1.基数词1 -- 12都有各自具有的特殊形式。
ne, tw, three, fur, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
2.基数词13-- 19 都以-teen结尾。
thirteen, furteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen.
3.20 -- 90的整十位基数词都以-ty结尾。
twenty, thirty, frty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
4.21- 99 之间的基数词除整数十位之外，其余都是在整十位数后加上从1 - 9的基数词，且中间有连字符。
Eg: twenty - five; thirty - six等
5.百位数字的表达法：
“基数词+hundred+and+整十位数词+连字符+个位数”
Eg: 256 tw hundred and fifty - six
305 three hundred and five
660 six hundred and sixty
6.英语中数词单位有：hundred百；thusand千；millin百万；billin十亿。
英语中每三位数为一个隔断，从右到左分别为thusand, millin, billin...
在表达时可每三位数字后加数词单位即可。
Eg：1,234 ne thusand tw hundred and thirty-fur
26，456,321 twenty-six millin fur hundred and fifty - six thusand three hundred and twenty-ne
1,265,324,688 ne billin tw hundred and sixty-five millin three hundred and twenty-fur thusand six hundred and eighty-eight
注意：
1）表示不确定数目时，要在hundred, thusand, millin, billin后加-s和f连用，表示成百、成千上万的意思。
2）这几个词在一个确定的数字后表确切的数目时不能接f, 且不可用复数形式。
Eg: millins f 数百万的； tw billin 二十亿
7.基数词用法：
常用来表示物或人的数量，当基数词大于1时，后跟的可数名词需用复数形式，不可数名词的量词也需要用复数形式。
Eg: tw ranges 两个桔子；
tw pieces f bread 两片面包
（五）序数词
1.1-3的序数词形式特殊，是first（第一）, secnd（第二）, third（第三）
2.4--19之间的序数词的构成方式实在基数词后加-th,但有四个拼写有变化：fifth(第五);
eighth(第八);
ninth(第九);
twelfth(第十二).
Eg: eighteen -- eighteenth (第十八）
3.以-ty结尾的整十位数序数词将y变为i，再加eth。
Eg: thirty -- thirtieth; （第三十）
sixty -- sixtieth （第六十）
4.21以上的多位序数词，只将末尾数变为序数词，前面的其他数位不变。
Eg: fifty -five -- fifty-fifth; （第五十五）
ne hundred and sixty -eight -- ne hundred and sixty - eighth （第一百六十八）
5.序数词用法：
1) 表示顺序时，序数词前面必须加the，其后接单数名词：
Eg:The secnd picture is Lily’s.
第二章图片是丽丽的。
2) 序数词前若有形容词物主代词、名词所有格等限定词，则不加the。
Eg: This is my first time t visit Beijing.
这是我第一次参观北京。
3) 序数词前面也可以加不定冠词a或an，表示“又一，再”，内含顺序性。
Eg: Please give me a third chance.
请再给我一次机会。
（六）分数、百分数和小数
1)分数由基数词与序数词构成；基数词作分子，序数词作分母。分子大于一时，分母用复数形式。
读时先读分子，再读分母。
Eg: 1/5 ne fifth
3/5 three fifths
2)小数的读法：整数部分按基数词的读法读，小数点读pint, 小数部分只须依次读出数即可。
Eg: 32.56 读 作：thirty-tw pint five six
3)百分数由“基数词+percent”构成
Eg: 66% 读作:sixty-six percent.
注意：三者作主语时，谓语动词要与其所代表的名词保持一致。
Eg: Tw thirds f students are Chinese.
三分之二的学生是中国人。
Tw thirds f the earth is cvered with water.
地球三分之二被水覆盖。
（七）数学表达法
数学运算的“+、-、×、÷”常读作plus, minus, times和divided by.
Eg: 4+4 = 8 Fur plus fur is eight.
6-2 = 4 Six minus tw is fur.
3×2 = 6 Three times tw is six.
12÷4 = 3 Twelve divided by fur is three.
（八）年、月、日表达法
1)年份的读法一般两位两位地读。BC表“公元前”；AD表“公元后”。
Eg:1998 nineteen ninety-eight
2000 the year tw thusand
2)日子的读法用序数词，其前常加the。先读日后读月时，月份前加“f”
Eg:三月一日
读法：March first或the first f March.
（九）时刻表达法
时刻的读法常有两种：倒读和顺读；倒读以半小时为界限，
半小时前用：分钟数+past+小时数
半小时后用：（60-分钟数）+t+（小时数+1）
半小时为：half past 小时数
整点为：小时数+’clck
而顺读法只需依次读出点钟数和分钟数即可。
Eg: 2:00 tw ’clck
2:20 twenty past tw或tw twenty
2:30 half past tw 或 tw thirty
2:40 twenty t three或tw frty
（十）倍数表达法
表达次/倍数时，常用half表示“一半”, 用twice表示“两倍”，用times表示三以上的倍数。
Eg: three times 三次/倍
five times 五次/倍
表示倍数的常用句型：
as + big/high/lng等形容词+ as...
+ the size/height/length等名词+f...
+ bigger/higher/lnger等比较级+than...
Eg: 这个房间是那个的三倍大。
The rm is three times as big as that ne.
=The rm is three times the size f that ne.
=The rm is three times bigger than that ne.
（十一）年龄、年代表达法
年龄表达法：
1)基数词+years ld
2)at the age f +基数词
Eg: 六岁 six years ld = at the age f six
年代表达法：
1）in the+年代+s，表示“在...世纪...年代”
Eg:在二十世纪六十年代 in the 1960s
2）in + ne’s +整十数的复数，表示“表示一个不确定的年龄”
Eg:在他五十多岁时 in his fifties
二、专项练习
( )1.My daughter is ______ years ld.Tday is her ______ birthday.
A. nine; nineth
B.nine; ninth
C.ninth; nine
D.ninth; ninth
( )2.Five ______ new bks were sld ut last mnth.
A.thusands f
B.thusands
C.thusand f
D.thusand
( )3.Nwadays, ______ farmers leave their hmetwn t search fr wrk in the cities.
A.millin f
B.tw millins
C.millins f
D.tw millins f
( )4.He has wrked in this factry in his ______.
A.twenty
B.twenties
C.twentieth
D.twentieths
( )5.– Which cuntry d yu think will win the first prize f the _____ FIFA Wrld Cup?
-Yu mean the ftball match will be held in _______?
A.twenty- ne; Russia
B.twenty- first; Russian
C.twenty- first; Russia
D.twenty-ne; Russian
( )6.This is my ______ day t be there.
A.a secnd
B.the secnd
C.secnd
D.tw
( )7.July 1st f this year is the _______ birthday f the CPC(中国共产党).
A.ninety- five
B.ninetieth- fifth
C.ninetieth- five
D.ninety- fifth
( )8.– D yu knw _____ f the earth ______ with water?
-Sure, Mm.
A.three quarter; is
B.three quarters; are
C.three quarters; is
D.three quarter; are
( )9.Nwadays, _____ f the ld peple in the area ______ used t dancing n the square after supper.
A.tw third; is
B.tw thirds; is
C.tw thirds; are
D.tw third; are
( )10.I nly fund there were lts f changes when I returned t China _____.
A.in the 1980s
B.in the 1980
C.in 1980s
D.n the 1980s
( )11.This is the ______ time yu’ve been late this week.
A.three
B.third
C.thirteen
D.thirty
( )12.– Have yu heard abut Zhangjiajie Glass Ft-bridge?
-Of curse, it’s built ver a _____ canyn in the Zhangjiajie Natinal Frest Park.
A.300-meter- deep
B.300- meters-deep
C.300 meter deep
D.300-meters deep
( )13. I’m part- time.I wrk ______ a week.
A.three day
B.three days
C.three days’
D.three day’s
( )14.There are _______ new students in the class.
A.three mre
B.mre three
C.three ther
D.ther three
( )15.-- Hw d yu keep fit?
-- I live n _____ flr.I walk upstairs instead f taking the lift every day.
A.twelve
B.the twelve
C.the twelfth
D.twelfth
( )16.The ______ biggest earthquakes in Nepal (尼泊尔) have killed mre than 8,000 peple.
A.tw
B.secnd
C.twice
D.secnd f
( )17.Bys and girls, please turn t Page ______ and lk at the ______ picture.
A.Fifth; five
B.Five; five
C.Fifth; fifth
D.Five; fifth
( )18.– Hw far is the small twn frm Lndn?
-It’s abut _____ kilmeters.
A.tw hundred and thirty five
B.tw hundreds and thirty five
C.tw hundreds and thirty-five
D.tw hundred and thirty-five
( )19.David Beckham has _____ children.Brklyn Beckham is his _____ sn.
A.third; first
B.three; ne
C.three; first
D.third; ne
( )20. It’s said that ____ f the water arund the wrld ______ plluted.
A.tw third; has
B.tw thirds; have
C.tw third; are
D.tw thirds; is
( )21.Kate is _____ girl.She’s very happy at schl.
A.a eighteen- year- ld
B.an eighteen- year- ld
C.an eighteen- years- ld
D.a eighteen- years- ld
( )22.____ f the students in ur class is 50 and ______ f them are bys.
A.The number; tw thirds
B.A number; three quarters
C.A number; a half
D.The number; first third
( )23.– Excuse me, sir.Here’s a package fr Lin Ta.Which rm des he live in?
- ________.
A.308 Rm
B.Rm 308
C.The Rm 308
D.Tw 308 Rm
( )24.Unit _____ is easy but ______ unit is different.
A.Sixth; seven
B.Six; seven
C.Sixth; the seventh
D.Six; the seventh
( )25.– Have yu finished yur wrk tday?
-N, I need _______ .
A.tw anther hurs
B.anther tw hurs
C.mre tw hurs
D.tw ther hurs
( )26.– Hw was yur weekend ?
-Great ! It was my grandfather’s ______ birthday.We enjyed urselves.
A.seventy
B.seventieth
C.the seventieth
D.seventeenth
( )27.The ______ actin film has attracted millins f yung peple t the cinema.
A.130- minute
B.130-minutes
C.130 minute
D.130 minutes
( )28.If a = 3, b = 4, what’s the answer t the questin “ a+ 2ab + 1 = ?”
A.Twenty – eight
B.Twenty – eighth
C.Thirteen
D.Eighteen
( )29.After the new technique was intrduced, the factry prduced _____ tractrs in 1988 as the year befre.
A.as twice many
B.as many twice
C.twice as many
D.twice many as
( )30.Paper prduced every year is _____ the wrld’s prductin f vehicles.
A.the three times weight f
B.three times the weight f
C.as three times heavy as
D.three times as heavier as
( )31.Tw ______ died f cld last winter.
A.hundreds ld peple
B.hundred ld peple
C.hundreds ld peples
D.hundred ld peples
( )32.Many students signed up fr the _____ race in the sprts meeting t be held next week.
A.800-meter-lng
B.800-meters-lng
C.800 meter length
D.800 meters length
( )33.The village is far away frm here indeed.It’s _____ walk.
A.a fur hur
B.a fur hur’s
C.a fur-hurs
D.a fur hurs’
( )34.He served in the army in _____, when he was in ______.
A.1940’s; his twenties
B.1940’s; the twenties
C.the fifties; his sixties
D.fifty; sixty
( )35.Because f the traffic jam they gt t the theatre just befre the end f ____.
A.Act Secnd
B.the Act Tw
C.Act Tw
D.Secnd Act
( )36.He has been here fr _______,
A.tw and a half mnths
B.tw and half a mnth
C.tw and the half mnths
D.tw and a half mnth
( )37.He was urged _____ time t hand in his cmpsitin.
A.the secnd
B.a first
C.the first
D.a secnd
( )38.--What time is it nw?
--It’s ______.
A.ten t nine
B.fifty past eight
C.eight past fifty
D.fifty eight
( )39.He has ______.
A.ten-fives-yuan ntes
B.ten-five-yuan ntes
C.ten five yuans’ ntes
D.ten five-yuan ntes
( )40.--Have yu finished yur wrk tday?
--N, I need _______.
A.tw anther hurs
B.anther tw hurs
C.mre tw hurs
D.tw ther hurs
41.My dctr advised me t take the medicine ______ (tw) a day, in the mrning and evening.
42.I’ve bught a present fr my father’s ________ (frty) birthday.
43.Tw _______ (five) f the students have read the bk Alice in Wnderland.
44.-– Excuse me, culd yu tell me the way t the Xishan Park ?
-- Yes.G straight, turn left at the ______ (ne) crssing.G acrss the bridge, and yu’ll see it.
45.The survey, carried ut in that university, shws that three _______(five) f the teachers wear glasses.
46.Yu’d better think ______ (tw) befre yu take the final actin.
47.They said the __________(thirty- ne) Olympics wuld be held in Brazil(巴西).
48.I’m tld he lives n the _______(twelve) flr f the building.
49.Liu Zhng is in his ________ (three) year at N.1 Middle Schl.
50.My grandma likes t be with the yung thugh she is in her _______ (seventy) nw.
【答案】
1 -- 5 BDCBC 6 -- 10 CDCCA
11 --15 BABAC 16 -- 20 BDDCD
21 -- 25 BABDB 26 --30 BAACB
31 -- 35 BADCC 36 -- 40 ADADB
41.twice 42.frtieth 43.fifths
44.first 45.fifths
46.twice 47.thirty - first 48.twelfth
49.third 50.seventies