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第五讲 状语从句学习-语法练习带答案 高一英语
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第五讲 状语从句学习【学习目标】1．掌握状语从句的基本概念和分类。2．掌握状语从句的连词以及正确应用。基本概念由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备。同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。状语从句的类型（一）时间状语从句表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner … than, hardly (scarcely) … when, every time等引导。e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting. He started as soon as he received the news. Once you see him, you will never forget him. No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.各个连词区分：when：表示主句和从句的动作同时或先后发生，强调点，表“就在那时；突然”。注意：固定搭配—— be doing sth when ; be about to do sth when , be on the half way when while：常表示延续性动词或状态；while也可表示对比的转折。as soon as： 表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。hardly / scarcely … when；no sooner … than：表示“还没来得及……就；刚……就”。directly, immediately, instantly：副词当连词用，表示“一……就”。the moment, the minute, the second：充当连词，等于when / as soon as。each time, every time, next time, by the time等：也可以引导时间状语从句。since：引导的时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。常用句型：It is + 段时间 + since从句，“自从……有多长时间了”。until：常与not连用，表示“直到……才……”；Not until置于句首时，主句要部分倒装；在It is / was…that / who…强调结构中，须连在一起。（二）原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that，for等 。各个连词区分：because：常用于回答why, 语气最强；强调原因，常与just, only等起强调作用的副词连用；可引导表语从句。for：是个并列连词，一般不放在句首，常表示一种推测或解释，或用作附加说明，语气弱。as, since：常译为“既然、由于”，表示十分明显的原因，语气较弱。now that：表示“既然”的意思。 e.g. He is disappointed because he didn't get the position. As it is raining, I will not go out. Now that you mention it, I do remember.（三）地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用theree.g. Sit wherever you like. Make a mark where you have a question.Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。（四）目的状语从句引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。e.g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you. She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons. He left early in case he should miss the train.（五）结果状语从句 结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so +adj/adv+ that, such +a/an+n+that/such +adj+n+复数+that 等引导。 e.g. She was ill, so that she didn’t attend the meeting. He was so excited that he could not say a word. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.（六）条件状语从句 条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。 If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.So far as I know（据我所知）, he will be away for three months.You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don’t go too far away from the river bank.If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her. 若if从句表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设，此时从句谓语动词要使用虚拟语气，多一般过去时或过去完成时，主句用情态动词的过去式+动词原形或者have done 形式。If I were you ,I would tell the truth to him immediately.If I had followed your words, I would have passed the exam. （七）让步状语从句 让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether … or, no matter who (when, what, …) 等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。 e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot. Child as he is, he knows a lot. Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, I’ll never change my mind.（八）方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引导。 e.g. You must do the exercise as I show you. He acted as if nothing had happened.（九）比较状语从句（可省略不以状语从句形式讲，不同教材归纳不一样） 比较状语从句常用than, so (as) … as, the more … the more等引导。 e.g. I have made a lot more mistakes than you have. He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford. The busier he is, the happier he feels.使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。 e.g. We’ll go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. I’ll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省略从句中的“主语 + be”部分。 e.g. When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night. If (you are) asked you may come in. If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again.3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。 e.g. You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句） Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句） I don’t know where he came from.（宾语从句） Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句） This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）（后3个从句属于名词性从句，下一讲出现）4.疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别：疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句和让步状语从句；no matter + 疑问词，只能引导让步状语从句。Whatever you do, I will support you.(让步状语从句)= No matter what you do, I will support you.I will support whatever you do.(主语从句)【基础练习】1. She is such a crazy NBA fan she downloads every match from the Internet nonstop.2. the weather is like tomorrow, I will set out for Hongkong.3. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice they know it to be valuable.4. We had to wait another half an hour we had already booked a table.5. In peace the Red Cross is expected to send help there is human suffering.6. He was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice came to his ears.7. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain the quality of life is probably one of the highest.8. He found it difficult to read, his eyesight was beginning to fail.9. The old tower must be saved, it cost.10. It will take us another five years all the roads are repaired.11. — How long has this bookshop been in business? — 1982.12. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially Father was away in France.13. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, great it is.14. After the war, a new school building was put up there had once been a theater.15. — I am going to the post office.— you’re there, can you get me some stamps?16. You should make it a rule to leave things you can find them again.17. you’ve got the chance, you might as well make full use of it.18. We’ll have to finish the job, long it takes.19. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up I could answer the phone.20. The men will have to wait all day the doctor works faster.【答案解析】1. that 2.No matter what/Whatever 3. although/though 4.after 5. where 6. when 7. while 8. as 9.whatever 10.whatever 11.since 12. while 13. however/no matter how 14. where 15. Since /Now that 16. where 17. Since /Now that 18. no matter how/ however 19. before 20.unless【强化练习】 语篇填空 (用适当的词完成下列短文)Different countries and different people have different manners. We must find out their customs, 1.___they will not think us ill-mannered. Here are examples of the things that a well-educated person does or does not do.2.___ you visit a Chinese family you should knock at the door first.3.___the door opens，you will not move 4. the host says, “Come in, please.” 5. ___ you enter the room，you should not sit down6. the host asks you to take a seat.7. ___a cup of tea is put on a tea table before you or sent to your hand，you will say, “Thank you.” And receive it with two hands，not one hand, 8.___they will think you are ill-mannered.【答案解析】1. so/so that 2.When 3. After 4.until 5. After 6.before 6. When 7. because/as 翻译句子（请用状语从句造句） 1. 尽管天气变了，他们还是像以前一样努力工作。2. 我们必须带雨衣，以防天下雨。3. 我刚告诉他这个消息，他就哭起来。4. 除非天下雨，否则飞机将正点起飞。5. 我们早晨早点走，以便我们能及时赶到机场。【答案解析】1. Although the weather had chaged. They still worked very hard as before .In case it rains, we must take umbrellas with us.Hardly had I told the news when he burst out crying.Unless it rains, the plane takes off on time.We set out earliler so that we can arrive at the airport in time.
第五讲 状语从句学习【学习目标】1．掌握状语从句的基本概念和分类。2．掌握状语从句的连词以及正确应用。基本概念由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备。同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。状语从句的类型（一）时间状语从句表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner … than, hardly (scarcely) … when, every time等引导。e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting. He started as soon as he received the news. Once you see him, you will never forget him. No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.各个连词区分：when：表示主句和从句的动作同时或先后发生，强调点，表“就在那时；突然”。注意：固定搭配—— be doing sth when ; be about to do sth when , be on the half way when while：常表示延续性动词或状态；while也可表示对比的转折。as soon as： 表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。hardly / scarcely … when；no sooner … than：表示“还没来得及……就；刚……就”。directly, immediately, instantly：副词当连词用，表示“一……就”。the moment, the minute, the second：充当连词，等于when / as soon as。each time, every time, next time, by the time等：也可以引导时间状语从句。since：引导的时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。常用句型：It is + 段时间 + since从句，“自从……有多长时间了”。until：常与not连用，表示“直到……才……”；Not until置于句首时，主句要部分倒装；在It is / was…that / who…强调结构中，须连在一起。（二）原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that，for等 。各个连词区分：because：常用于回答why, 语气最强；强调原因，常与just, only等起强调作用的副词连用；可引导表语从句。for：是个并列连词，一般不放在句首，常表示一种推测或解释，或用作附加说明，语气弱。as, since：常译为“既然、由于”，表示十分明显的原因，语气较弱。now that：表示“既然”的意思。 e.g. He is disappointed because he didn't get the position. As it is raining, I will not go out. Now that you mention it, I do remember.（三）地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用theree.g. Sit wherever you like. Make a mark where you have a question.Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。（四）目的状语从句引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。e.g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you. She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons. He left early in case he should miss the train.（五）结果状语从句 结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so +adj/adv+ that, such +a/an+n+that/such +adj+n+复数+that 等引导。 e.g. She was ill, so that she didn’t attend the meeting. He was so excited that he could not say a word. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.（六）条件状语从句 条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。 If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.So far as I know（据我所知）, he will be away for three months.You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don’t go too far away from the river bank.If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her. 若if从句表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设，此时从句谓语动词要使用虚拟语气，多一般过去时或过去完成时，主句用情态动词的过去式+动词原形或者have done 形式。If I were you ,I would tell the truth to him immediately.If I had followed your words, I would have passed the exam. （七）让步状语从句 让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether … or, no matter who (when, what, …) 等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。 e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot. Child as he is, he knows a lot. Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, I’ll never change my mind.（八）方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引导。 e.g. You must do the exercise as I show you. He acted as if nothing had happened.（九）比较状语从句（可省略不以状语从句形式讲，不同教材归纳不一样） 比较状语从句常用than, so (as) … as, the more … the more等引导。 e.g. I have made a lot more mistakes than you have. He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford. The busier he is, the happier he feels.使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。 e.g. We’ll go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. I’ll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省略从句中的“主语 + be”部分。 e.g. When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night. If (you are) asked you may come in. If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again.3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。 e.g. You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句） Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句） I don’t know where he came from.（宾语从句） Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句） This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）（后3个从句属于名词性从句，下一讲出现）4.疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别：疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句和让步状语从句；no matter + 疑问词，只能引导让步状语从句。Whatever you do, I will support you.(让步状语从句)= No matter what you do, I will support you.I will support whatever you do.(主语从句)【基础练习】1. She is such a crazy NBA fan she downloads every match from the Internet nonstop.2. the weather is like tomorrow, I will set out for Hongkong.3. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice they know it to be valuable.4. We had to wait another half an hour we had already booked a table.5. In peace the Red Cross is expected to send help there is human suffering.6. He was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice came to his ears.7. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain the quality of life is probably one of the highest.8. He found it difficult to read, his eyesight was beginning to fail.9. The old tower must be saved, it cost.10. It will take us another five years all the roads are repaired.11. — How long has this bookshop been in business? — 1982.12. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially Father was away in France.13. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, great it is.14. After the war, a new school building was put up there had once been a theater.15. — I am going to the post office.— you’re there, can you get me some stamps?16. You should make it a rule to leave things you can find them again.17. you’ve got the chance, you might as well make full use of it.18. We’ll have to finish the job, long it takes.19. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up I could answer the phone.20. The men will have to wait all day the doctor works faster.【答案解析】1. that 2.No matter what/Whatever 3. although/though 4.after 5. where 6. when 7. while 8. as 9.whatever 10.whatever 11.since 12. while 13. however/no matter how 14. where 15. Since /Now that 16. where 17. Since /Now that 18. no matter how/ however 19. before 20.unless【强化练习】 语篇填空 (用适当的词完成下列短文)Different countries and different people have different manners. We must find out their customs, 1.___they will not think us ill-mannered. Here are examples of the things that a well-educated person does or does not do.2.___ you visit a Chinese family you should knock at the door first.3.___the door opens，you will not move 4. the host says, “Come in, please.” 5. ___ you enter the room，you should not sit down6. the host asks you to take a seat.7. ___a cup of tea is put on a tea table before you or sent to your hand，you will say, “Thank you.” And receive it with two hands，not one hand, 8.___they will think you are ill-mannered.【答案解析】1. so/so that 2.When 3. After 4.until 5. After 6.before 6. When 7. because/as 翻译句子（请用状语从句造句） 1. 尽管天气变了，他们还是像以前一样努力工作。2. 我们必须带雨衣，以防天下雨。3. 我刚告诉他这个消息，他就哭起来。4. 除非天下雨，否则飞机将正点起飞。5. 我们早晨早点走，以便我们能及时赶到机场。【答案解析】1. Although the weather had chaged. They still worked very hard as before .In case it rains, we must take umbrellas with us.Hardly had I told the news when he burst out crying.Unless it rains, the plane takes off on time.We set out earliler so that we can arrive at the airport in time.
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