中考英语复习阅读理解（七） 课件

这是一份中考英语复习阅读理解（七） 课件，共34页。PPT课件主要包含了题型分析，真题实例等内容，欢迎下载使用。
逻辑推理题此题型要求考生纵观全文，在汇集全文提供的各项信息的基础上进行正确的逻辑推理，推断作者的意向，人物的动机，目的，性格特征，事件的前因后果关系，语言中的语态，语气等，近年来的中考强调对考生阅读能力的考查，因而推理判断式的深层次理解题随之增加，这就要求我们在通读全文，弄懂全文的基础上，抓住文章的关键词句，深入理解文章的内容。
推理判断：此类题的关键是要注意原文出现的语句不是我们做出的推理判断，而是原文给出的细节信息，所以原文语句不能选。判断时对已知的事实仔细评价后做出的合理决定并非唯一决定，要对事实进行合乎情理的判断，有时还需借助常识进行判断。推理判断题分两种，即对细节的推理和对主旨的推理。主要以We can infer / imply / learn frm this passage that ……等进行提问。解决此类题要注意，一是与原文相同的细节不能选，二是文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做推断。解题过程中只要注意上述两点，再结合做细节和主旨的方法，即可以做出推理判断题。
归纳概括题(主旨判断)此题型要求考生在理解全文后，归纳短文大意，概括中心思想，或选择短文标题，这些问题的答案大都隐藏在文章中。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，尤其是新闻报道之类的，第一段常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达中心思想。但也有不少文章，中心思想贯穿在全文中，考生必须具备一定的归纳概括能力才能选对答案。因此此类题属于难度题。
主旨大意：此类题型用以考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。其中一类题型为主旨问题。主旨大意题题干常见的问句形式：1)主旨句设问类型What is the main idea f this passage?What des the passage maily talk abut?2)最佳标题选择类型The best title fr this passage is ……3)作者主旨意图类型What des the writer want t tell us?
主旨大意题的解题方法：主旨大意题一定要注意文章的首尾两段。如果首尾两段的主旨表达是一致的，那么文章的主旨便是两段重复表明的语句内容表达。找出选项中与归纳的主旨表达重复最多的选项即为最佳答案。如果首尾两段的主旨表达不一致，则需要观察文章的段落篇幅量是倾向于首段或是尾段，从而确定主旨段落。在此过程中，观察篇幅量只需跳读文章段落的首句尾句即可，无需细读段落内容，以节省时间。如果文章只有一段，则注意文章的首两句及尾句，然后用以上的方法确定主旨句。此外，标题选择即为主旨句的压缩表达，注意抓住主旨句进行主要词汇的提炼，把一个句子提炼为几个关键词，即是对主旨大意进行概括归纳的标题。而作者意图表达必须通过归纳中心主题才能找到，通常体现为advise，cnvince，present，prpse，warn等。
词义猜测题词义猜测题要求考生根据上下文，构词法等猜测某个生词的词义或者对某个词语在特定语境中的意义进行猜测。词义猜测是利用上下文语境对某些生词、难句做出推测和判断。该题旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇的能力，因而，所考单词的意义通常超出大纲范围。常见形式有：The wrd / phrase…… means / refers t……Frm the passage，we can infer the wrd…… is clsest in meaning t……What des the wrd…… in paragraph……mean?要做好此类题，要注意，第一要熟练掌握大纲单词，平时注意积累生词和短语。第二，要把词放到句子里，把句子放在句群里。第三，注意词、句的位置，确定结构关系。第四，要善于利用连词、代词及词性、同义词法、反义词法等进行判断选择。
主观回答问题阅读理解审题、答题特别提醒：1. 阅读理解审题要特别注意题干中的条件，从题干内容来定位该题在文章的何处出现；2. 选项分析是最关键的环节之一，要明确知道4个选项的侧重点、不同之处，然后跟文章内容对比时，非常细心对照，对比意思是否完整一样。3. 阅读理解过程中，一定要特别关注连接词、过渡衔接等，这些可能会影响前后逻辑的地方。
4. 更加细心谨慎的做题要求是除了在文章中正确定位每题所在处外，还应该做到定位每个选项所在之处，然后非常细心的对比意思，最后确定哪个选项所讲意思完全一致。5. 大部分的推理判断题、主旨题等都应该基于全文的理解、基于文章的主题意义、写作意图、作者的观点与态度、人物的性格情感等方面综合分析。
Shanghai's First “Frest Library”On February 20th, 2023, the first “frest library” in Shanghai pened t the public. It’s knwn as Read & Jy Frest. Nw readers can relax and read in a natural envirnment.The “frest library” was started by Pudng New Area and Shanghai Library. It is in a green space area near Shanghai Library East, which pened in September, 2022. With an area f 20, 546 square meters, it allws visitrs t take an enjyable walk in the quiet frest.The library is in the pen air. It is designed t keep the frest as it is. T prtect the frest, all the green spaces are cnnected by wden walk ways. It ffers many benches(长凳) and an infrmatin bth(亭) .“It’s nt nly a place fr lending bks, r a reading rm, but als an pen space fr enjying fresh air and the smell f trees. It ffers different reading experiences t readers,” says Chen Cha, directr f Shanghai Library. Mst f the visitrs t the “frest library” are yung peple and parents with their children. They enjy reading in the wds r taking a walk in the frest.If yu are lking fr such a place away frm busy wrld, then yu must g there t enjy reading utdrs.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。1. The first “frest library” in Shanghai pened t the public _______.A. in September, 2022B. in February, 2023C. in September, 20232. What are mentined abut the “frest library” in this passage?A. Size, lcatin, envirnment and activities peple can d there.B. Size, lcatin, the number f bks and activities peple can d there.C. Lcatin, envirnment, the number f bks and activities peple can d there.3. Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the passage?(P=Paragraph)
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了上海首家“森林图书馆”。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“On February 20th, 2023, the first “frest library” in Shanghai pened t the public.”可知，2023年2月20日，上海首家“森林图书馆”向公众开放。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“With an area f 20, 546 square meters, it allws visitrs t take an enjyable walk in the quiet frest.”、“The library is in the pen air.、“It’s nt nly a place fr lending bks, r a reading rm, but als an pen space fr enjying fresh air and the smell f trees.”可知文章提到了“森书森林图馆”的大小，位置，环境和人们可以在那里做的活动。故选A。【3题详解】篇章结构题。文章第一段整体介绍了上海首家“森林图书馆”对外开放；第二、三段介绍了“森林图书馆”的大小和位置以及设计目的；第四、五段讲述了“森林图书馆”是远离繁忙世界的地方，人们可以在树林里看书或在森林里散步。故选C。
Seba and his family live in Memphis, Tennessee—a place famus fr music. He grew up with music all arund, but he especially lved the drumming(鼓声) f Mr. Cpeland frm the band The Plice.Befre he turned three, his parents asked him what he wanted fr his birthday. “Drums!” he answered. They bught him a junir drum kit(击鼓用具). It was a huge step. “He didn’t stp playing,” says his dad, Everett.But sn Seba grew upset. He culdn’t get his junir drum kit t make the sund she heard Mr. Cpeland making. S his parents bught him a prfessinal drum kit and sent him t have drum lessns. In just a few mnths, his drum teacher reprted that Seba was learning very quickly and needed a higher level f training. He was fur years ld then.
Seba’s parents encuraged him t learn mre music. Seba learned bass, guitar and pian. He faced sme challenges but he kept n practicing. T his parents’ surprise, Seba started a band in kindergarten(学前班). By the first grade, he was making mney by playing music. In 2020, Seba jined a summer music prgram at Berklee (伯克利) at the age f 8. He studied bass and practiced up t 36 hurs a week. In 2021, Seba spent fur mnths in Utah, perfrming in “Schl f Rck the Musical”. Since he culd play s many instruments, he was in almst every scene.When he was nly 10 years ld, Seba became the yungest persn ever t receive a prfessinal certificate(证书) in music frm Berklee. He says that even thugh music is smething he’s naturally pretty gd at, “I still had t practice a lt.”Seba hpes t g t cllege at Berklee when he’s ld enugh. He’s still practicing and playing.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。4. Seba wanted _______ fr his third birthday.A. a pianB. a guitarC. drums5. Which f the fllwing is TRUE?A. Seba grew upset because he culdn’t learn frm Mr. Cpeland.B. Seba started a band when he was in the first grade.C. Seba gt a prfessinal certificate in music frm Berklee at the age f ten.6. The writer rganizes the passage accrding t _______.A. the placesB. the timelineC. the feelings7. Frm the passage, we knw that _______.A. interest and practice made Seba succeedB. a famus teacher helped Seba succeedC. family’s supprt was the mst imprtant fr Seba’s success
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了一位音乐天才——Seba。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据“Befre he turned three, his parents asked him what he wanted fr his birthday. ‘Drums!’ he answered. ”可知，Seba想要鼓作为他的三岁生日礼物。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据“When he was nly 10 years ld, Seba became the yungest persn ever t receive a prfessinal certificate(证书) in music frm Berklee. ”可知，Seba在10岁的时候获得了伯克利的音乐专业证书。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章首先讲述了Seba三岁的生日礼物是鼓，之后又上架子鼓课，四岁后开始学习更多的音乐，然后他可以参加许多演出，10岁时获得了伯克利的音乐专业证书，所以文章是根据时间线组织文章，故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据“S his parents bught him a prfessinal drum kit and sent him t have drum lessns.”以及“Seba’s parents encuraged him t learn mre music.”可知，在Seba学习音乐以及获得成功的路上少不了父母的大力支持，故选C。
If yu’ve ever seen elephant seals(象海豹) lying n a beach, yu might think that they’re always sleeping. But in fact, they spend abut seven mnths f the year in the cean. S hw d they sleep while they’re in the cean?Even thugh elephant seals are large animals they have t be careful in the cean. Near the surface, sme dangerus animals like sharks might attack(攻击) them. S elephant seals spend mst f their time diving(下潜) deep underwater, lking fr fd.T find ut hw they sleep in the deep, a scientist named Jessica Kendall-Bar created a special cap. She and her team put the caps n thirteen female yung elephant seals. The caps recrded the elephant seals brain activities. They als cllected infrmatin n the elephant seals’ heart rates(心率), hw their bdies were mving, and hw deep they were.
The scientists learned that elephant seals smetimes sleep fr a shrt time while they are diving. They nly sleep fr abut 10 minutes at a time. As they begin t sleep, the elephant seals can cntrl their bdies. But when they are deeply asleep, they simply begin t fall, spinning(快速旋转) in a circle “like a falling leaf”. The elephant seals wake up in time t g up fr mre air. In shallwer(较浅) areas, the elephant seals smetimes wake upn the seaflr.Using the infrmatin they cllected frm the cap-wearing elephant seals, the scientists created a cmputer prgram t study lder recrds f elephant seal trips. The scientists fund that elephant seals nly sleep fr abut tw hurs a day when they’re in the cean. That means that the rest n land is very imprtant fr them. Back n land, they sleep fr abut 10.8 hurs a day.The scientists hpe that their wrk will help t prtect the places where elephant seals sleep when they’re n land.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。8. The writer starts the passage by _______.A. asking a questinB. giving an exampleC. cmparing tw places9. What des Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?A. Hw elephant seals sleep in the cean.B. Why elephant seals dive deep underwater.C. Hw elephant seals dive deep underwater.10. The special caps are used t _______.A. help the elephant seals t dive mre deeplyB. keep the elephant seals away frm being attacked by sharksC. cllect the infrmatin abut the elephant seals when they are in the cean11. The rest n land is very imprtant fr elephant seals because _______.A. they can get mre air n landB. they nly sleep fr abut ten minutes every dayC. they nly sleep fr abut tw hurs a day when they’re in the cean
【答案】8 A 9. B 10. C 11. C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了象海豹在海里时是如何睡觉的。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据“S hw d they sleep while they’re in the cean?”（那么它们在海里是怎么睡觉的呢？）可知，作者以一个问题开始这篇文章。故选A。【9题详解】段落大意题。根据“Near the surface, sme dangerus animals like sharks might attack(攻击) them. S elephant seals spend mst f their time diving(下潜) deep underwater, lking fr fd.”（在水面附近，一些像鲨鱼这样的危险动物可能会攻击它们。因此，象海豹大部分时间都在水下深处潜水寻找食物。）可知，第二段主要讲述了为什么象海豹会潜入深海，故选B。
【10题详解】细节理解题。根据“The caps recrded the elephant seals brain activities. They als cllected infrmatin n the elephant seals’ heart rates(心率), hw their bdies were mving, and hw deep they were.”可知，这种特殊的帽子是用来收集象海豹在海洋中的信息的。故选C。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据“The scientists fund that elephant seals nly sleep fr abut tw hurs a day when they’re in the cean. That means that the rest n land is very imprtant fr them. Back n land, they sleep fr abut 10.8 hurs a day.”可知，陆地上的休息对象海豹来说非常重要，因为它们在海洋里一天只睡两个小时左右。故选C。
Can yu imagine a schl with nly ne student? There is ne n the Out Skerries Islands, and Arn is the nly student. The Out Skerries Islands, which are arund 280 km frm the cast f Sctland, are hme t abut 70 peple. The nearest twn is Lerwick n the Shetland Islands. Yu can nly get there by bat and it takes tw and a half hurs. Besides Arn’s schl, there are als tw shps, a church and a cmmunity hall n the islands. Arn wasn’t the nly student at the schl at first. Until July there were several ther children there. But nw they are lder, s they g t the secndary schl in Lerwick. Aren has been the nly student since September. The schl is very small. It has tw classrms, an art rm, a music rm and a library. Each week Arn studies Maths, English, Science and Art with the same teacher. She als gives him PE lessns. This is usually a lng walk arund the islands. He als has the schl playgrund all t himself. Of curse, there is ne prblem. He has n ne t play with.
Arn has lived in Out Skerries since he was brn and lves the utdr life. He enjys explring (探险) the islands n his bike and jumping int the sea frm the pier (突堤). But his mther is wrried that Arn might get lnely. She wuld like t see mre families with children cming t live there. Many peple have mved away since the lcal factry clsed ten years ag. That’s why there are s few children n the islands and why Arn has fund himself being knwn as the lneliest schlby in Britain.
16. What is NOT true abut the Out Series Islands?A. There is a secndary schl.B. There are less than 100 peple.C. They are far frm the cast f Sctland.D. There was a factry 10 years ag.17. What can we learn abut Arn’s schl?A. It has many classrms.B. There are several students.C. It prbably has nly ne teacher.D. Fur subjects are taught in the schl.18. In his PE class, Arn usually ________.A. walks arund the islandsB. plays n the playgrundC. explres the islands n his bikeD. jumps int the sea frm the pier19. What d yu think Arn is prbably learning at his schl?A Everyne is different and that’s a gd thing.B. Teamwrk is imprtant t achieve things in life.C. It is imprtant t knw hw t spend time alne.D. It’s gd t learn hw t get n with peple f different ages.20. What is the passage mainly abut?A. The smallest schl in Britain.B. The lneliest schlby in Britain.C. Arn’s clrful life n the islands.D. Mm’s wrries abut Arn’s future.
【答案】16. A 17. C 18. A 19. C 20. B【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了外斯克里群岛只有一个学生的学校，讲述了这种情况的原因，以及这位家长对孩子的担心。【16题详解】细节理解题。根据“But nw they are lder, s they g t the secndary schl in Lerwick.”可知，中学在勒威克，而不是在外斯克里群岛，故选A。【17题详解】推理判断题。根据“Each week Arn studies Maths, English, Science and Art with the same teacher.”可知，每周都跟同一个老师学习数学、英语、科学和艺术，由此可知这个学校可能只有一名老师，故选C。
【18题详解】细节理解题。根据“She als gives him PE lessns. This is usually a lng walk arund the islands.”可知，在体育课上，艾伦通常会绕着岛屿散步，故选A。【19题详解】推理判断题。根据“But his mther is wrried that Arn might get lnely.”及“That’s why there are s few children n the islands and why Arn has fund himself being knwn as the lneliest schlby in Britain.”可知，艾伦是学校唯一一个学生，所以会感到孤单，所以他可能在学校要学着如何独处，故选C。【20题详解】主旨大意题。根据“That’s why there are s few children n the islands and why Arn has fund himself being knwn as the lneliest schlby in Britain.”及全文的描述可知，本文主要讲述了外斯克里群岛只有一个学生的学校，讲述了这种情况的原因，以及这位家长对孩子的担心，“英国最孤独的男生”最能概括本文的主旨大意，故选B。
When Jae came hme frm schl, he culdn’t find his keys. “What nw? I can’t just sit ut here,” he thught. His parents wuldn’t be hme fr an hur. Just then, Rn, the man wh lived next dr, was cming. He asked Rn if he culd stay at his rm t wait fr his parents. Rn agreed. Inside, Jae saw a baseball n a shelf (架子).Rn smiled when he saw Jae lking at it. “That ne was signed (签名) by the Minnesta Twins, right after the Wrld Series in 1987,” he said. “Dad takes me t their games smetimes,” Jae said. “Where did yu get this?”“I was a prfessinal umpire (裁判) fr thirty years,” Rn answered. Jae’s eyes widened. “An umpire? In the 1980? Did yu met ...” He began t ask Rn questins ne after anther. Rn tld Jae a lt abut past players. When it was time fr Jae t g hme, he asked Rn, “Can I cme again?” “Sure,” Rn said. “Ww, lsing my keys turned ut kay,” Jae thught. The next day at schl, Jae searched his desk, “Oh, n. Nt again!” he graned (叹息). “Need help?” asked Martina, a new classmate. “Yes, I’ve lst my dinsaur bk,” Jae said.
“Ww! That’s the same bk that I use!” Jae exclaimed. “Are yu int dinsaur, t?” “What’s yur favrite?” “...” They kept talking. After schl, they went t the park t play catch with Jae’s favrite baseball. “Martina’s pretty cl,” Jae thught. The next mrning was Saturday, Jae wanted t d sme thrwing practice, but he culdn’t find his baseball. “Can we g t the park t lk fr my baseball?” Jae asked his mm. At the park, they saw a hmeless dg playing with smething. It was Jae’s baseball. “Mm, lk!” Jae said. “Desn’t he lk like he needs a hme?”His mther smiled. “Yes, he des,” she said. “He’ll be yur respnsibility, thugh.” Jae ndded excitedly and picked him up. “What a week!” Jae thught t himself. “I lst my keys, my bk, and my baseball, but every time I lst smething, I gt a friend.”
21. What did Jae d in Rn’s hme?A He watched a baseball game.B. He learned hw t play baseball.C. He learned a lt abut past baseball players.D. He learned hw t be a prfessinal umpire.22. Why did Jae say “Can I cme again”?A. He didn’t want t stay at hme.B. He thught he might lse his keys again.C. He wanted t share a dinsaur bk with Rn.D. He liked Rn and wanted t tallk with him again.23. What des the underlined wrd “exclaimed” mean?A. 惊呼B. 哭喊C. 怒吼D. 狂叫24. Frm the passage, we can knw ________.A. Rn never met the Minnesta TwinsB. Jae was a fan f baseballC. Martina and Jae didn’t have the same interestsD. Jae didn’t like dgs25. What was the real reasn why Jae gt friends?A. He always lst things.B. He was gd at cmmunicating with thers.C. He and the peple arund all liked helping thers.D. He and the peple arund were all gd at sprts.
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C【解析】【导语】本文主要讲Jae每次丢东西都能遇到一个朋友，这是因为他和周围的人都喜欢帮助别人。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据“Rn agreed. Inside, Jae saw a baseball n a shelf.”及“He began t ask Rn questins ne after anther. Rn tld Jae a lt abut past players.”可知Jae在Rn家里了解到很多关于过去的棒球运动员的事情。故选C。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据“He began t ask Rn questins ne after anther. Rn tld Jae a lt abut past players.”及Jae和Rn的相谈甚欢可推出问能否再来是因为他喜欢Rn，想要多和他谈谈。故选D。
【23题详解】词义猜测题。根据“Ww! That’s the same bk that I use!”可知两人用了相同的书，Jae很惊讶，exclaimed意为“惊呼”。故选A。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据“Rn agreed. Inside, Jae saw a baseball n a shelf.”及“He began t ask Rn questins ne after anther. Rn tld Jae a lt abut past players.”可知一到Rn家里就被棒球架吸引并和Rn谈论棒球选手的事情，再由“Can we g t the park t lk fr my baseball?”可自己也打棒球，由此推出Jae是一个棒球迷。故选B。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据“I lst my keys, my bk, and my baseball, but every time I lst smething, I gt a friend.”可知每次丢了东西都会交到朋友，结合文章内容可知有时候是别人帮助了Jae，而有时候是Jae帮助了别人，由此推出他交到朋友是因为他和周围的人都喜欢帮助别人。故选C。