阅读理解技巧 课件 中考英语复习人教版

这是一份阅读理解技巧 课件 中考英语复习人教版，共50页。PPT课件主要包含了CONTENTS，Mind Map等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Reading Cmprehensin
Senir high schl Entrance Examinatin
makes up abut 40% f the scre.
判断型能根据上下文和构词法推断、判断题干或选项的正误
选择型能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息
排序型能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节， 预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局
匹配性能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义
填空型能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系
回答问题型能够概括理解文章主题，理解作者意图
细节理解题questins f details
词义猜测题 wrds in cntext
推理判断题 questins f inference
主旨归纳题 main idea
判断题目类型做出正确选择
Make yur chice
Reading methd
阅读理解题考查方式与比重
1.细节理解题细节理解题在中考英语阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，但这部分题目相对来说比较简单，只要通过题干的关键词，在文中找到题目的相关信息，仔细对比，就能得出答案。其正确选项特征为：同义替换、语言简化、正话反说等。其干扰项特征为：张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非等。
疑问句式以5W1H(what，wh，when，where，why和hw)等开头的特殊疑问句。
是非题的形式常含true (except)，nt right/crrect (except)等词语。
不完整的陈述句式Accrding t...，befre...，Americans had little idea abut
Which f the fllwing statements is (nt) true/crrect?All the statements are true except ________.
37. Accrding t the passage, ______ were very ppular abut 150 years ag. A. ptat chips B. hamburgers C. sandwiches D. French fries
b 1 One day, almst 150 years ag, a ck in an expensive restaurant in New Yrk 2State was preparing ppular fd --- French fries. A custmer in the restaurant didn’t 3like the French fries, and cmplained(抱怨) because they were t thick. The ck cut 4sme ptates int thinner pieces and fried them. The waiter brught them t the 5custmer. The custmer tasted them, and asked t see the ck because he was still 6nt satisfied.
T lk fr details. 直接查找细节题
39. The crrect rder(顺序) f the fllwing sentences is _____. ① The ck pened his wn restaurant. ② The custmer cmplained abut the French fries because they were t thick. ③ The ck wrked in an expensive restaurant in New Yrk State. ④ T the ck’s surprise, the custmer lved the new chips. ⑤ The ck played a trick n the custmer.A.③④⑤②① B. ①②④⑤③ C. ③②⑤④① D. ⑤③①②④
T lk fr details在文中找出相应的句子，再进行排序。
a What is the mst ppular fast fd tday? Ptat chips? Hamburgers? Or Sandwiches? Walk int almst any supermarket r crner stre in America and yu will see ptat chips. Americans are the biggest eaters f ptat chips and peple in many ther parts f the wrld enjy them t. D yu knw where this very ppular fast fd cmes frm?b One day, almst 150 years ag, a ck in an expensive restaurant in New Yrk State was preparing ppular fd --- French fries. A custmer in the restaurant didn’t like the French fries, and cmplained(抱怨) because they were t thick. The ck cut sme ptates int thinner pieces and fried them. The waiter brught them t the custmer. The custmer tasted them, and asked t see the ck because he was still nt satisfied. c The ck went t speak t the custmer. The custmer cmplained ludly abut the chips again. The ck became very angry because the custmer was s rude. He decided t play a trick(戏弄) n the custmer. He cut sme ptates s thin that the custmer wuldn’t be able t pick them up. T the ck’s surprise, the custmer lved the new chips, and sn ther custmers wanted them t. Peple went hme t tell their friends abut this new fd. The chips became s ppular that the ck pened his wn restaurant.
细心审题直接就题找答案
变通理解间接转述找答案
多点归纳综合事实找答案
细节理解和细节判断 解题技巧：
2.推理判断题推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力。推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题，弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键。其正确选项特征为：立足原文，只推一步；一般不可出现绝对概念。其干扰选项特征为：曲解文意、张冠李戴、偷梁换柱、无中生有、鱼目混珠、扩缩范围等。
a Wang Yan, a 15-year-ld Chinese girl, likes eating snacks very much. She prefers cream biscuits, McDnald’s hamburgers and KFC chicken. As a result, she has becme verweight. b Tday in China, there are many children like Wang Yan. Health experts say children shuld have healthy eating habits. First, they must eat regular meals and begin with a healthy breakfast. Secnd, they shuld have different kinds f fds such as fruit, vegetables, grain, eggs, milk and meat. Third, children shuldn’t eat t much junk fd. It is delicius, but eating it ften is bad frtheir health. If children d as the experts say, they wn’t becme verweight. They will be healthier. Students wn’t becme tired at schl, and they will have enugh energy t study hard.What will be the result if we d as the experts say? We will be _______. A. verweight B. healthier C. tired at schl D. cnfident
【解析】本题属于事实推断题这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。文章第一段讲述了Wang Yan因为不注意饮食而超重。接着。文章说到Health experts say children shuld have healthy eating habits. 因此，可以推断此题答案为B。
a We always celebrated Dad’s birthday n Thanksgiving Day, even after he entered a nursing hme. When we knew it might be his last birthday, the whle family decided t get tgether fr a huge birthday celebratin at the nursing hme. b Dad was a gd stryteller and we were always his listeners. During a quiet mment, I annunced it was nw Dad’s turn t listen t stries fr a change. I wanted everyne t tell Dad what we lved abut him. The rm became quiet. Then ne after anther, peple tld stries frm their hearts, while Dad listened with tears in eyes. c Everyne seemed t have mre than ne stry. Even the little grandchildren culdn’t wait t tell Dad why they lved him. Fr a man wh had been kind t s many hundreds f peple in his life, here was ur chance t tell him hw much we lve him. A few mnths later, at Dad’s memrial service, we mre fully realized what we had given t Dad that night. Thse are the stries peple nrmally tell at a funeral (葬礼) after a lved ne is n lnger alive t hear the wrds. They tell stries, full f tears. But we had given thse memries t Dad in his life, and we had tld them thrugh laughter, tgether with hugs and jy. He had them t hld and enjyed them frm time t time in his mind during his last days and mnths. d Wrds d matter, and they are enugh. We just need t say them r t speak them publicly t the nes we lve. That’s the ways t give back lve and that’s ur chance t celebrate a persn in his r her life.
Frm the passage, we knw the writer’s father was ______ t hear the stries.A. surprised B. mved C. sad D. frustrated
【评析】本题属于逻辑推理判断题这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。根据文章的第二段的Then ne after anther, peple tld stries frm their hearts, while Dad listened with tears in eyes. 可知爸爸听到这些故事感动得流泪。故选B。
如何推测文章的观点或结论 ★ 答题窍门：这类问题问的不一定是全文的中心思想或作者的全部观点，可能只是文章中的某一观点。但要推测出文中的某一观点，仍离不开对全文主要观点或中心思想的把握。
如何推断文章的隐含意义 ★ 干扰选项：（1）文章中直接表达的信息； （2）无关紧要或片面推出的结论； （3）完全相反的结论等。★ 答题误区：考生易误选文章中直接表达的信息的选项或片面的结论选项。★ 答题窍门：（1）全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论； （2）忠实于原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断； （3）切忌选择表层信息选项，应该立足由已知推断未知。
3.主旨大意题主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。其干扰选项特征为：过于笼统，不知所云；以偏概全，主次不分；移花接木，偷换概念；无中生有，生搬硬套等。
What’s the main idea（主要大意） f the passage?
Which f the fllwing is the best title（标题） fr the passage?
The writer writes the article t _______.
This passage is mainly abut….
What’s the tpic（话题） f the text?
Questin frms:
40. The best title fr this passage is _____. A. The stry f ptat chips B. The taste f ptat chips C. Ways f making ptat chips D. A trick n a custmer’s ptat chips
解答各类命题时往往是多法并举，而不是一种方法解决一种题。
Our new freign students are ging t arrive very sn, and hereare sme ways t cmmunicate with them plitely. Hw clse d yu stand when yu talk t a friend? Yu can stand clse t peple in the Middle East but dn’t stand t clse t Nrth Americans! Give them mre persnal space. D yu knw Hw t tuch peple crrectly? Chinese girls ften walk arm in arm with their friends. Suth Americans smetimes hld yur arm when they talk t yu, s yu can’t mve away! But in Britain many peple dn’t like ther peple t tuch them at all. D yu lk at peple when yu talk? In sme places, it isn’t plite t lk at peple when yu talk, but in ther cuntries it isn’t plite t lk smewhere else. In Britain and the US, peple usually lk at each ther when they talk. And hw d yu say gdbye? That’s easy, wave（挥手） t say gdbye. But be careful! In Greece, it’s nt at all plite! In fact, it’s very rude!
( ). What’s the best title f this passage? A. Saying gdbye B. Tuching peple C. Lking at peple D. cmmunicating plitely
Why is it becming mre and mre ppular nw? There are sme reasns. First, mre and mre peple have their wn cmputers and their cmputers can be jined with the Internet. Secnd, shpping thrugh the Internet can save them sme mney and a lt f time. Third, they dn’t need t g t the shp .
Recently, many peple have begun t try a new way f ding shpping thrugh the Internet. They are interested in it.
On the ther hand , sme peple dn’t like this new way f shpping. They are wrried abut the safety f shppingnline. And they can’t enjy the pleasure f buying things. These are the reasns why they dn’t like it.
But I think mre and mre peple will like this new way f shpping in the future.
shpping thrugh the Internet
becme mre ppular
Sme peple dn’t like it
Writer: Mre and mre peple will like it.
( ) 1. What’s the best title f this passage? A. Why dn’t peple like ging shpping? B. Shpping thrugh the Internet is very ppular. C. Why d peple like shpping nline. D. Hw d peple shp with little mney.
If yu lk at the sky ne night and see smething mving and shining that yu 
have never seen befre, it might be a cmet (
wn. It shines frm the sunlight it reflects (
). Like the earth, a cmet ges 
rund the sun, but n a much lnger path (
) than the earth travels.
专项解题方法：1. 2.
首段指出中心; 尾段对全文进行总结归纳。
学会在头脑中形成mind map，更好把握文章中心。
注意：要理解文章作者的原意， 而不能按你自己的意愿去想当然。
4.词义猜测题中考阅读理解试题中对于词义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大。词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。要做好该类试题需要：利用上下文线索猜测词义(重述、定义、举例、同义词或近义词、反义词等)；根据语法知识猜测词义；根据上下文逻辑猜测词义；根据构词法猜测词义；根据常识或背景知识猜测词义等。
The wrd “…”in the passage prbably means_____.
The clse meaning f the underlined wrd “…” is ______ in English.
The wrd “…”refers t _______.
What des the wrd “…”mean？____
The underlined wrd means _______.
根据上下文的对比关系来理解词义 As always, the peple are the mst interesting part. A Bite f China 2 shws a greater dream—thrugh hmemade fd, it tells the jys and srrws f cmmn Chinese in changing times, accrding t directr Chen Xiaqing f the dcumentary series. What des the underlined wrd “srrws” mean in Chinese?A. 故事 B. 伤害 C. 快乐 D. 悲伤
【评析】划线单词“srrws”的词义可以根据前面一词jys（快乐）来理解。根据对比关系可知其含义是“悲伤”，意指“普通中国人的快乐与悲伤”，故选D。
根据上下文的因果关系来理解词义When he was 12 years ld, he gt his first jb. He became a newsby n a train. He did experiments n the train in his spare time. Unluckily, his first wrk experience did nt end well. They fired him when he accidentally set fire t the flr f the train. Then Edisn wrked fr five years as a telegraph peratr, but he cntinued t spend much f his time in experimenting his first patent(专利权) in 1868 fr a vte recrder run by electricity.The underlined wrd “fired” in the passage means “__________”.A. Gave smebdy a jb B. Set fire t smebdy C. Let smebdy dwn D. Frced smebdy t leave his jb
【评析】Unluckily, his first wrk experience did nt end well. 和They fired him when he accidentally set fire t the flr f the train.是解释关系的语段。因此，划线单词一定是说明他的工作经历不好。结合后面的原因细节：他不小心烧毁了火车的地板，可以猜测结果他一定是被解雇了，故选D。
根据上下文的论证关系来理解词义Children d nt have much experience r knwledge. Hwever, they are natural dreamers. We shuld nt laugh at them fr being naive. Many great men were dreamers when they were children. One such dreamer was Thmas Edisn. He used t be stracized (排斥) when he was in primary schl, but his achievements were greater than everyne else’s in his time. The underlined wrd “naive” in the passage means “______” in Chinese. A. 逆反的B. 幼稚的C. 调皮的D. 冲动的
【评析】文中的We shuld nt laugh at them fr being naïve.是作者的一个观点。而其提供的论据就是Many great men were dreamers when they were children.，意思是“很多伟人孩提之时就是梦想家”。而孩子通常都是很幼稚的。故前者的意思应该是“我们不应该因为它们很幼稚而嘲笑他们”。故选B。
根据上下文进行逻辑上的推理猜测词义。
通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词。
专项解题方法：
High grades
Step One:略读(skimming)
Step Tw:查读(scanning)
Step Three:研读(study reading)
skimming弄清文章大意scanning寻找所需信息studyreading准确理解含义
  1.关注起承转合的过渡词，如hwever，but，mrever，therefre，hence， thus，nevertheless等，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。 2. 警惕语气绝对的词，如：must, never, the mst, all, merely, nly, have t, any, n, nne，cmpletely,abslutely 等，通常不是答案3. 关注试探性语气的词，如prbably,  pssibly,  may, usually, might,  mre r less,relatively, be likely t, nt necessary, ，tend t，be liable t，往往是答案　　　　　　　　　　　　
了解题目设计常考位置因果关系处转折处引言处列举处比较处
C（293词）2015 One mrning Ann’s neighbr(邻居) Tracy fund a lst dg near the lcal schl. She asked Ann if she culd keep an eye n the dg. Ann said that she culd watch it nly fr the day. Tracy tk phts f the dg and printed ff 400 FOUND fliers(传单)，and put them in mailbxes. At the same time, Ann went t the animal shp and bught sme pet fd, warning her tw sns nt t fall in lve with the dg. Ann’s sn Thmas was 10 years ld, and Jack, wh had just had a heart peratin(手术), was 12 years ld.Fur days later Ann was still lking after the dg, which they had started t call Riley. When she arrived hme frm wrk, the dg threw itself against the dr and barked(吠) madly at her. As sn as she pened the dr, Riley ran int the bys’ rm where Ann fund Jack lying with the serius heart illness. Riley ran ver t Jack, but as sn as Ann began t help him, the dg became quiet. “If it hadn’t cme t get me, the dctr said Jack wuld have died,” Ann reprted t a lcal newspaper. At this pint, n ne had called t ask back the dg, s Ann decided t keep it. The next mrning Tracy gt a call. A man named Peter saw his lst dg frm the flier. Tracy started crying, and tld him, “That dg saved my friend’s sn.”Peter drve t Ann’s huse t pick up his dg, and saw Thmas and Jack crying in the windw. After a few mments Peter said, “Maybe Odie was happy t find yu, maybe yu shuld keep it.”
Read the passage carefully and try t make a mind map yurself.
Have a try !
Ann’s neighbur
named the dg
kept an eye n the dg
the dg’s real name
37. What did Tracy d after finding the dg?A. She lked fr its wner. B. She gave it t Ann as gift.C. She sld it t the animal stre. D. She bught sme fd fr it.38. Hw did the dg help save Jack?A. By breaking the dr fr Ann. B. By leading Ann t Jack’s rm.C. By carrying Jack ut f the rm. D. By lking after Jack when Ann was ut.39. Peter called Tracy in rder t _____.A. take back his dg B. return the flier t hetC. help her friend’s sn D. have a talk with Tracy
40. Frm the last paragraph we can knw that the dg wuld be ___.A. sld at last B. kept by Ann’s familyC. returned t Peter D. taken away by Tracy
What are yu hlding in yur hand while yu are taking the examinatin? Right. A pen. Thugh it is small, the pen has changed the histry, imprved the trade f cuntries, recrded events, carried news, and dne far mre wrk fr human beings than all ther tls. Prgress withut it wuld have been almst impssible. The inventin f the wheel, the intrductin f steam engine(蒸汽机), the use f electricity, all these have changed the lives f millins f peple, but the pen has dne mre. It has taken away muntains, and it has prepared the way fr all prgress and develpment f the sciety. In the past the pen did all the wrk if yu wanted t keep any writing fr sme time. The lawyers tk up their pens and wrte the law f the cuntry frm the days when papyrus(纸莎草纸) was first used. The mst famus letters in the wrld were written with a pen. It was with a pen that the greatest thinkers f all time wrte dwn their thughts.
The pen is very utilitarian. We cannt sign a bill r write a letter r buy a huse withut ur pen. An agreement is wrthless till ur name is written with a pen. The writers encurage the wrld with it. The students take their examinatins with it as well. Our cming int the wrld is recrded with a pen. Befre we have been at schl, ur name is written n the name list with a pen. We cannt be married till we have signed. A pen recrds the imprtant events in ur life. Let us remember that we hld in ur hand the mst pwerful instrument which man wns. The pen is a magic tl. Whenever yu use it, enjy it.
56. What’s is the writer trying t d in this passage?A. Describe what a pen lks like. B. Intrduce the histry f the pen.C. Advise peple t prepare a new pen. D. Shw the imprtance f the pen.57. The wrd “muntains” in the third paragraph refers t(指代) “smething t ________”.A. explain the use f electricity B. lwer the students’ scresC. stp the scial develpment D. change the law f the cuntry
58. The lawyers started t write the law f the cuntry _______.A. befre their thughts were changed B. when papyrus was first usedC. as sn as they recrded their names D. after they tk an imprtant exam59. The underlined wrd “utilitarian” in the passage means “______”.A. cheap B. bring C. special D. useful60. What is the best title fr this passage?A. A Pwerful Tl B. An Imprtant LawC. A Valuable Recrd D. An Exciting Event
My scre is __________. I shuld try harder in ___________.