八年级上册外研版英语同步讲义第24讲：Module 12 Help语法篇

这是一份八年级上册外研版英语同步讲义第24讲：Module 12 Help语法篇，共7页。

Module 12语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________熟练掌握本模块语法知识。  祈使句  · 定义  用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，  所以通常都省略，祈使句的动词都为一般现在时。  祈使句的肯定形式  1. 实意动词的祈使句要用动词原形开头。  Come to the party!  来晚会吧！  Do it now!  现在就做！  2. be动词的祈使句要用be开头。  Be careful next time!  下次注意！  Be quiet!  安静！  3. let祈使句采用“let sb do sth”的形式。  Let me help you.  让我帮你吧。  Let’s dance.  我们跳舞吧。  祈使句的否定形式  1. 直接在句首加don’t或do not。  Do not come in unless asked.  非请莫入。  Don’t make noise.  别出噪音。  2. Let's 开头的祈使句的否定：直接加not do  Let's not go home.  我们别回家。  但是Let 开头的祈使句的否定：直接在前面加Don't或在sb后面加not  例如：Let him come in.变为Don't let him come in或Let him not come in.  3. no开头的祈使句表示“禁止，不要”，语气较强硬。  No smoking!  禁止吸烟。 情态动词can/must/could表推测    情态动词表推测的三种句式    1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might （也许，或许）。    The photo must be Miss Lu’s, those must be their parents.  照片肯定是陆小姐的，那肯定是她的父母。  The policeman may know the way to that school.  警察可能知道去那所学校的路。  If you have any idea where it might be, please call me.  如果你知道它可能在哪儿，请给我打电话。  2. 否定句中用can’t / couldn’t（不可能）， may not/might not（可能不）。    It can’t/couldn't be the headmaster. He has gone to America.  这不可能是校长，他去美国了。  The doctor may not/might not be in the hospital now, It’s nearly six o’clock.  医生可能现在不在医院了，快6点了。  注意：can/could表推测时一般用于否定句和疑问句，但是could可以用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，表示  事情可能发生。  3. 疑问句中用can/could (能...?)。  Could he have finished the task?   他可能把任务完成了吗？  Can he be at home now?  他现在能在家吗？  情态动词表推测的三种时态  1. 对现在正在进行的动作推测时，用“情态动词 + be +doing”。  He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.  他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。  2. 对一般情况的推测，“情态动词 + 动词原形”。  He can’t ( couldn't ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.  这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。  Mr. Bush is on time for everything，he can’t (couldn’t) be late for the meeting  布什先生一向准时，这次会议他不可能迟到。  3. 对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。  It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.  地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。  The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home.  门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。( )1. — Whose shoes are these? — They 　　　 be Mike’s. They’re a little larger for him. A. might B. can’t C. will D. can( )2. Please 　　　 look outside. Look at the blackboard. A. not B. don’t C. can’t D. can3．—Pass me that ball please.—Here you are.______！Forget B．Listen C．Catch D．Throw4. Cars, buses and bikes stop when the traffic light is red.A. can B. must C. may D. need5. buy your ticket from a ticket machine. There are lots of people.A. No B. Not to C. Don’t D. Don’t to巩固提高选择填空1．—Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?—Yes, you ______.must　　　 B．can C．may D．need 2．It doesn't look like rain, so you ______ bring your umbrella with you.A．shouldn't B．mustn't C．can't D．needn't3．—Let's go dancing tonight!—Sorry, I ______.I have to go to a meeting.mustn't B．may not C．needn't D．can't4.—Whose bike is this?—It ________ Tom’s, but I am not sure.A. must be　 B. could beC. can’t be　 D. mustn’t be5. It is a good idea ________ Alaska for the summer holiday.A. to go B. goC. to go to D. going to6. —May I take the food to the reading room?—No, you can’t. You _________ eat it outside. It’s the rule. A. must B. wouldC. may D. might7.The lady in this photo _______ be over fifty! She looks so young!A. mustn’t B. mustC. can’t D. can一．单项选择. 1. On the way ______ the mountain village, we found the local houses different from ours. 6A. to　　　　 B. by　　　　 C. at　　　　 D. on2. Keep ______ of the fire; it’s too dangerous.A. clean B. cleaning C. clear D. clearly3. ______ get off the bus before it stops.A. Don’t B. Doesn’t C. Didn’t D. Can’t4. When an earthquake happens, please ______ from the windows and heavy furniture.A. look up B. stay awayC. stay up D. look for5. Ask Jim. He ______ know about Tony because they are good friends.A. might B. can’t C. mustn’t D. must6.—Must we clean the classroom right now?—No, you needn’t, but you ________ do it today.A. must B. mustn’tC. may D. needn’t7.—Whose is the notebook?—I’m not sure. It ________ be Mary’s.A. must B. mustn’tC. needn’t D. could8.—Who’s the boy under the tree? Is he Jim?—No, it ________ be him. Jim is much taller.A. mustn’t B. may notC. can’t D. needn’t9.He warned me ________ in the river.A. not to swim B. not swimC. to not swim D. don’t swim10. Follow the sign ______ to run out of a building when there is danger.二. 完形填空 。Zhou Yang successfully defended(卫冕)her 1, 500-meter Olympic title at the Sochi Winter Games on Saturday. She is now well known in the world 1 an excellent short track speed skater(短道速滑运动员). 　　Zhou Yang is not an overnight 2 . She was born in a poor family in Changchun on June 9th, 1991 and started 3 at the age of 8. She fell in love with the 4 at once when she put on her skates to train for the first time. Soon her talent(天分)for short track speed skating was 5 . Zhou Yang trained hard and made her way into the national team 6 . In the world championships(锦标赛)in 2008, Zhou Yang set a world record in the 1, 500 m event. Zhou Yang won a gold medal at the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games in 2010! Zhou Yang 7 herself again. Her performance gave China the 8 gold medal in the women’s 1, 500 meters in the Winter Olympics—China had never won the event before. 　　“Winning 1, 500 m is my dream, 9 I still have one more dream, winning the relay(接力)competition, ”Zhou Yang said. We hope that her “one more dream” will 10 . A. as　　　　 B. like　　　　 C. for　　　　 D. with2. A. problem B. fanC. success D. prize3. A. skiing B. swimmingC. running D. skatingA. season B. sport C. movie D. book5. A. noticed B. refusedC. received D. forgotten6. A. some day B. as wellC. at first D. at last7. A. taught B. provedC. allowed D. acceptedA. first B. second C. third D. lastA. so B. but C. or D. if10. A. see off B. grow upC. come true D. run away__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一．阅读理解。ADoherty was a policeman. He liked boiled(煮熟的)eggs. He often had one for breakfast. One morning in December, he was on duty on the road in his police car. At ten o’clock, he went into a small café by the roadside for breakfast. He ordered a boiled egg, a drink and a sandwich. When the waiter brought them to him, he found that the egg was not cooked enough. He looked around the café and saw a microwave oven(微波炉)on the table beside the wall. He decided to cook his egg a little longer. He put the egg inside the microwave oven and turned it on. He let the egg cook for one minute, then he took it out. He took the egg back to his table, picked up his spoon and pushed it into the egg. Suddenly there was a loud explosion(爆炸). For a moment, all the other people rushed to hide under the table in the café as they thought someone had thrown a bomb(炸弹)into the building. But when they saw Doherty’s face, they all laughed because he had the egg all over it. Doherty had made a big mistake as eggs must never be cooked in a microwave oven. Doherty’s favourite food for breakfast was______. A. a sandwich　　　　　 B. a hot dogC. chips D. a boiled egg2. Why did he cook the egg with a microwave oven? B. They didn’t cook the egg enough.C. They didn’t cook the egg with a microwave oven. D. He often cooked eggs with a microwave oven.3. Where was the explosion?A. On Doherty’s table.B. In the microwave oven.C. In the kitchen.D. In Doherty’s car.4. Doherty had the egg all over______.A. his feet B. his faceC. the café D. the waiterPeople felt ______ as soon as they heard the explosion.excited　　 B. funny　 C. frightened　　 D. Pleased B Fire can help people in many ways. But it can be very dangerous. Fire can heat water, warm houses, give light and cook. But fire can burn things, too. It can burn trees, houses, animals or people. Sometimes big fires can burn forests.Nobody knows for sure how people began to use fire. But there are many interesting stories about the first time a man or a woman started a fire. One story from Australia tells about a man very, very long time ago. He went up to the sun by a rope(绳子)and brought fire down. Today people know how to make a fire with matches(火柴). Children sometimes like to play with them. But matches can be very dangerous. One match can burn a piece of paper, and then it might burn a house. A small fire can become a big fire very fast. Fire kills many people every year. So you must be careful with matches. You should also learn to put out a fire. Fire needs oxygen(氧气). Without oxygen it will die. Cover fire with water, sand or sometimes with your coat. This keeps the air away from fire and kills it. Be careful with fire, and it will help you. Be careless with fire, and it will burn you.1. How did people begin to use fire?A. Not everybody knows how people began to use fire.B. Nobody knows how to make a fire.C. It is an Australian who started a fire first.D. We are not sure how people began to use fire.2. Children mustn’t play with matches because______.A. matches burn paperB. it isn’t interestingC. they can be dangerousD. they can burn a house3. When you are going to put out a fire, you______.A. may be carelessB. should keep air away from itC. know it is not dangerousD. should only use water4. We must be careful with fire, or it______.A. will die　　　　　　　　 B. will warm our housesC. might burn us D. won’t help us5. Which of the following is the main idea of this passage?A. Fire can help people in many ways.B. Fire can be both helpful and dangerous.C. Fire can burn things and people.D. We must be careful with matches.短文填空 Can animals be made to work for people? Some scientists think that one day animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs ____1_____.of people. They say that at a circus , for example, we may see elephants , monkeys ,dogs ,bears ,or other animals doing_____2_______skillful things .perhaps you have seen them on tv or in a film. If you watch closely, you may find that trainers ___3_____the animals some sugar_____4____a piece of fruit as reward. The scientists say that many _______5______ animals may be trained to do a lot of simple things if they know they will get a reward ____6____doing that.Of course, as we know , dogs can be trained to guard a house ,and soldiers in both old and modern______7____have_____8_____geese to give warning by___9_____a lot of noise when an enemy comes near. And also it may be possible to train animals to work in families or______10_____.1_________  2_____________ 3_____________  4____________  5_____________6_________  7_____________ 8_____________  9____________  10_____________