高中英语阅读理解解题实战技法

这是一份高中英语阅读理解解题实战技法，共7页。试卷主要包含了通过构词法猜测词义，利用标点符号猜测词义，通过同义，通过定义，根据释义猜词义，通过上下文的联系猜测词义等内容，欢迎下载使用。
词义猜测题的实战技法
1.通过构词法猜测词义
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生,转化或合成的新词,考生可以依据构词法方面的知识来猜测词义。
典例They like different kinds f amusements. The Germans are very hard-wrking.They like tidiness，especially the wmen，wh always keep their hme clean.
What des the underlined wrd“tidiness”mean in Chinese?
A.整洁B.安静C.时尚D.随意
2.利用标点符号猜测词义
作者有时利用标点符号为一些生词直接提供定义或解释,这些符号无疑为考生理解或猜测生词词义提供了很好的线索,如破折号、引号等。考生在解题时要善于抓住这些线索。典例Bb wrks in a car factry near his hme. He wrks very hard. He needs t wrk 8 hurs everyday. He will be n the night shift—frm midnight t 8 day.★What's the meaning f the underlined wrds?
A.开夜车B.夜班C.熬夜D.晚上休息
3.通过同义.反义关系猜测词义
在生词所在的上下文中,有时会出现与之同义或反义的词语,这时可根据熟悉的词语的含义推知生词的含义。
典例 In its first year f business.Diners Club issued 200 cards.The custmers wh gt the cards frm the Diners Club culd use them at 27 different restaurants.Tday . Diners Club has abut 8 millin custmers.and they can use their cards in ver 7.6millin businesses in mre than 200 cuntries.
★The underlined wrd“issued” here prbably means
A.shwed B.tk C. brrwed D. prvided
4.通过定义.解释和举例猜测词义
在阅读材料中,特别是新闻报道及科普类说明文中,生词后面往往用that is，mean，stand fr,namely，refer t，in ther wrds等或破折号引出说明性的内容,有时也用同位语、定语从句进行解释说明。还有些文章经常用例子来说明前面较难理解的词,这些例子可帮助考生准确猜测生词。文章举例时,常常会用一些连接词，如 : such as，like，fr example等。
典例 Why did he d it? Why did he break the law and endanger peple's health? The answer is simple: He wanted t make mre mney.It was a mral failing，and this is at the heart f the fd scandals in China.T many peple fcus n making mney and nt n the effects their actins can have n thers.
★It was a mral failing，and this is at the heart f the fd scandals in China.Here what's the Chinese meaning f "mral failing”?
A.精神崩溃 B.道德滑坡 C.质量下降 D.心理失衡
5.根据释义猜词义
释义常由定语从句或由is，r，that is ( t say ) , in ther wrds , be called，be knwn as等词汇短语或破折号来表示。
典例 It will be very hard but als very brittle—that is，it will break easily. What 's the Chinese meaning f“brittle”?
A.强壮的 B.脆的 C.骄傲的 D.平静的
6.通过上下文的联系猜测词义
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都与句子所在的段落及整篇文章有联系。因此,考生可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析,进而猜测词义。
典例 As she grew lder. she accepted wh she was.Still. she wanted t find the missing piece f the puzzle. After finding ut the place f her birthparents. Ida went t Krea in 2008.When she first arrived，she was surprised t see s many peple wh lked like her. Hwever,apart frm her lks，nt much culd be shared with thers.she knew little abut the culture，fd，especially the language.Being in Krea wasn't always easy fr her.
★What des the phrase“apart frm”mean?
A. except B.as fr C. as well as D. besides
四
推理判断题的实战技法
1.抓住特定关键信息进行正向或逆向推理
考生做此类试题时,要善于抓住某一关键信息﹐即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断,利用正向推理或逆向思维,从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
典例 Mark Wellman shwed that if yu set yur heart and mind n smething,n wall is t high，and n dream is impssible.
What can we learn frm the passage?
A.A friend in need is a friend indeed. B.Dreams will cme true in the step is imprtant t success. D.Nthing can stp a strng will.
2.根据文章中主人翁的所作所为推断主人翁的身份
对于推断主人翁或作者身份的题目,考生要根据主人翁或作者的所作所为来推断。
典例 In England，everybdy knws Jamie Oliver.He has his wn TV prgrams. In these prgrams. he tells peple hw t ck healthy fd. Everyne likes Jamie's prgrams because his fd is easy t make.
Jamie wants peple t eat healthily. In sme schls in England，the fd at lunch time wasn't healthy.One day，Jamie went t a schl t make a TV prgram abut healthy diet. He cked the fd with lts f fruit and vegetables.At first the children didn't want t eat because they didn't like fruit r vegetables.But after they tasted the fd,they started t enjy it.Nw the fd fr children in schls has becme much healthier.★Frm the passage we learnt that Jamie is a famus A.TV hstB.film actrC. schl teacher
3.运用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断
有些文章的语境有一定的褒贬性,这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图。认真阅读原文并找出反映语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词汇或句子,对我们掌握文章主旨大意,了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化,从而正确地进行逻辑推断很有好处。
典例 After ur hspital visit，my husband and l needed cheering up.s we thught we wuld treat
urselves t a big breakfast at ur favurite restaurant. While we were waiting fr ur meals，we decided t use all ur small change and make ur wallets light. s we cunted it ut as we waited.
l vaguely(含糊地)remembered seeing a man sitting nearby.When ur meals arrived，we fund a nte. It read, " Yur breakfast has been paid fr.Hpe yu have a lvely day.”
lt was a wnderful surprise as nthing like that had ever happened t us. He must have thught we culd hardly pay the bill. We lked arund t thank him，but he had left.As retirees(退休者),we were grateful fr the help like this，but it was the kindness f a ttal stranger that meant s much mre t us.★Clearly the man sitting near the cuple was
A. pr B.rich C. helpful D.grateful
4.根据上下文的逻辑得出结论
逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点.例证等一系列论据材料进行推理,从而得出合乎逻辑的结论﹐而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。做这类题时,应把握作者的写作思路,预测下文可能发展的内容。文章可按事件发展的经过描写,也可按因果关系,对比关系来描写。
典例 My summer hls wr CWOT.B4， we used 2 g 2 NY 2C my br. his GF &. thr 3:—@kidsFTF.ILNY and its gr8.
Can yu understand this sentence? If yu can't，dn't feel t bad: neither culd the middle schl teacher in England wh received this as hmewrk.This is Netspeak:the language f cmputerized cmmunicatin fund n Internet r cellphnes.T newcmers. it can lk like a cmpletely freign language. S,what is the“translatin”f the sentence abve?My summer hlidays were a cmplete waste f time. Befre,we used t g t Nee Yrk t see my brther , his girl friend , and their three screaming kids face t face. I lve New Yrk and it 's great .
★What is the main purpse f the first paragraph?
A.T give an example f a freign language. B.T shw an example f creative methds.
C.T express wrries abut using Netspeak. D.T lead in the tpic f Netspcak.
五
热身环节主旨大意题的实战技法
1.主旨大意题解题的“五大原则”
主旨大意题是不能够从原文中直接找到答案的题目﹐解题时要注意以下“五大原则”:
①以原文为依据,不掺杂个人意见,要客观不要主观。要克服“我认为……怎么样”的观点。
②答案是比出来的。因为,有时候四个答案都是对的。答案不选对的,只选最好的。比答案的原则是:好的≥不知道的≥不对的。
③注意绝对化的词。如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词,比如: all . always, never , nthing ,every等,除非文章当中使用了该类词汇,否则,一般都要排除。
④答案要避免以点带面,以偏概全。尤其是多个选项都有道理,难以挑选正确答案的时候,要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个。
⑤“傻瓜”原则。文章中没有提到的就当是不知道,不要枉自猜测,自作聪明。一切以文章内容为准。
2.选帽原则
所谓选帽原则,就是选的标题要像帽子一样,大小合适才行。另外,标题要简洁、突出、新颖。标题是文章的点睛之笔,所以它还要具有醒目的特点,能吸引读者。
典例 Hi，dear bys and girls ! D yu knw hw t be a healthy kid? Here are sme rules yu shuld fllw.
First.eat different fds，especially fruit and vegetables. Yu may have a favurite fd，but yu'd better eat smething different. lf yu eat different fds，yu will prbably get mre nutrients(营养物质)yur bdy needs.Secnd，drink water and milk as ften as pssible. . .
Third.listen t yur bdy.. .Furth，limit(限制)screen times. . .Fifth，be active.. .Fllw these rules and yu can be a healthy kid.★Which is the best title f the passage?A.Hw t be active B. Hw t make yurself imprtant C.Hw t make yur parents healthy D. Hw t be a healthy kid
3.主题定位法
主旨大意题主要包括两类;标题类和主旨大意类。这两类题目有很多的共性,解这类题目时,主要采取主题定位法。
所谓主题定位法,就是通过分析文章的首尾和各段开头,找出每一小段的主题句,然后通过寻找共同点,找出整个文章的主题句。这种方法叫作主题定位法。
要掌握好主题定位法,考生要明白主题主要的呈现方式:
(1)藏头露尾式
藏头露尾式的意思是说,主题句不是出现在开头,而是出现在结尾。
典例 On the Internet，we can read news at hme and abrad and get as much infrmatin as we can.We ften send e-mails r make telephne calls t ur families as well as t ur friends by Internet.what 's mre，we can g t schl n the net，read a lt f bks and even teach urselves freign languages.We als enjy music， watch ball matches n the net and play cmputer games. With the help f the net，we can d shpping even withut leaving ur hmes.The Internet is playing a mre and mre imprtant part in ur daily life.
★What 's the main idea f the passage?A.Keep away frm the the net.C. The Internet is playing an imprtant part in ur daily can entertain urselves n the Internet.
(2)首尾呼应式
在有些文章中,为了突出主题,作者在文章开头提出主题,接着进行阐述或论证,在结尾时再次点明主题。值得注意的是,前后两个主题句不是简单的重复,再次出现的主题句往往是对前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。
典例 Lacrsse(长曲棍球)is a ppular sprt in Canada.The Indians in Canada invented it.They used it t train fr war.They invented this game befre Clumbus arrived in the New Wrld.
Peple play lacrsse utdrs.The lacrsse field is seven meters lng.At each end f the field there is a gal.The gal is. . .There are many lacrsse clubs and lacrsse teams all ver Canada.Every night Canadians can watch the lacrsse games n TV r listen t the lacrsse games ver the radi.
At ne time lacrsse was the natinal summer sprt in Canada.Tday it is still ppular with Canadians.
★The passage is mainly abut A. hw t Play Lacrsse B. lacrsse in Canada C.the Histry f LacrsseD.lacrsse—A Ppular Game in Canada
(3)藏龙卧虎式
藏龙卧虎式指的是主题句隐含在全文当中,没有明确的主题句。具体方法是:首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容,这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系,寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。
典例Handshaking. thugh a Eurpean practice, is ften seen in big cities f China.Nbdy knws exactly when the practice started in Eurpe.It is said that lng lng ag in Eurpe when peple met，they shwed their unarmed hands t each ther as a sign f gd will.As time went n and trade in cities grew rapidly，peple in cities began t clap each ther's hands t make a deal r t reach an agreement.This practice was later changed int shaking hands amng friends n meeting r leaving each ther.“ Let 's shake( hands ) n it!”smetimes means agreement reached.
典例 The paragraph mainly tells us A. where handshaking was first practiced B.hw handshaking came abutC.abut the relatinship between handshaking and trade D.abut the practice f handshaking bth in Eurpe and in China.