语法专题16 主谓一致【考点精讲精练】-最新中考语法一点通讲义

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中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。
通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。
第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。
复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
语法专题十六、主谓一致考点精讲
主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致。有三条原则：
1. 语法一致原则 2. 意义一致的原则 3. 就近原则
考点一、语法一致原则
是指主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致。即主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数，谓语动词也采用复数形式。
主语是不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式、动词-ing形式、从句等，谓语动词用单数。
Cffee is mre ppular in western cuntries.
2、主语是复数名词、复数代词、谓语动词用复数形式。 如：
Sme bys are playing in the park.
3、由and 或来连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Swimming and walking are gd exercises.
[注意]1）但是，并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。例如：
Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.
2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被n, each, every或many a , mre than ne修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：
In ur cuntry every by and every girl has the right t receive educatin.
Many a student is having practice in that factry.
4、如果主语后面跟有 with, tgether with, alng with, as well as, like, but, except, besides，including, n less than, rather than ,as much as，mre than, in additin t等时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。
An English teacher tgether with sme students has climbed the muntain.
Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.
5、“a number f+复数名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“The number f+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
A large number f buildings were burnt dwn.
The number f students in ur schl is 2500.
ne f+复数名词+谓语动词单数“表示“之一”。
One f my pen friends is frm Beijing.
nne f后面只能跟可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。 如;
Nne f thse bks is/ are gd.
由ne, each ther, every ne, 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Each f us has a math bk.
由 sme, any, n, every 构成的复合代词和不定代词either/ neither+f+n.作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Everyne knws smking cigarettes is bad fr health.
Neither f the tw cmputers is cheap.
10、在定语从句中，关系代词that，wh，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数，应与句中先行词的数一致。例如：
It sunded like a train which/that was ging under my huse.
11、由“分数或百分数+f +名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与f后面的名词（短语）保持一致。例如：
Tw thirds f the cuntry is dry r desert.
30 percent f the students in ur class are girls.
12、 glasses, pants, trusers, shrts, jeans, chpsticks, shes, glves等名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但如果前有“a kind f, 或this/that kind f, a series ( a species) f, a pair f等+名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：
This kind f men is dangerus.
考点二、意义一致原则，是指谓语动词形式要与主语意义上的单复数形式一致。
以集体名词army, class, enemy, family, gvernment, grup, team, crew，crwd，public等集体名词作主语时，谓语应视其情况而用不同形式：当作主语被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数，如果被看成是其中的个体成员时，谓语就用复数。如：
Our class is better than any ther classes at playing basketball in ur schl.
Our class are playing a basketball match tmrrw.
2、表示总称意义形单意复的名词，如peple, plice, cattle 等，作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。而有些名词如news, plitics等以-s结尾，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。
[注意]ppulatin 单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而前面有sme, mst 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时，则谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
Mst f the ppulatin f the city are wrkers.这个城市人口的大多数是工人。
The ppulatin in ur cuntry is very large, and eighty percent f the ppulatin are farmers.
3、当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语，根据意义一致原则，通常被看作一个整体，其谓语用单数。 如：
Twenty years is a lng time t us. 对于我们来说，20年是一段很长的时间。
One thusand punds is a lt f mney. 一千英镑是很大一笔钱。
4、如果主语由“the+形容词”担任时，往往根据意义一致原则，来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。表示一类人时，谓语动用复数形式；如果指个人或抽象概念时，则谓语动词用单数形式。
The ld is taken gd care f in ur cuntry. 在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。
The sick is ne f the students in ur class. 那位病人是我们班的一个学生。
5、“the+姓氏复数”表示“一家人或夫妇二人”。做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
6、当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如glasses, trusers（裤子）, shes ，chpsticks（筷子）,gds（货物）,scissrs（剪刀）,scks, cmpasses（圆规） ，但如果这些名词前有a pair f，等量词修饰时，（clthes被修饰a suit f），谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：
Yur trusers need washing. 你的裤子该洗了。
My glasses are new. 我的眼镜是新的。
A pair f new shes is in yur suitcase.一双新鞋在你的手提箱里。
三、就近一致原则，即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定，又称为毗邻一致原则。
1、当r，, , nt als...，，等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近于它的名词或代词。
Either yu r Lily is t d the cleaning after supper.
Nt nly the mther but als the children were there.
在there be或here be句型，主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。
There is a desk a table and three chairs in the rm.
考点精练
中考语法—主谓一致专项练习
（共计50小题，每小题2分，总分100分。）
1. Each f us ________ WeChat(微信) nwadays, even the ld peple.
A. playsB. playC. playingD. played
2. Here are sme _______ fr yu t read.
A. milk B. tea C. bks
3. —Tm, what's yur dad ding？
—He ______ my bike．
A. repairB. repairsC. is repairingD. will repair
4. After the by's hmewrk ________, he went ut t play.
A. finishedB. finishesC. was finishedD. is finished
5. Everyne _______ here. Let's g.
A. am B. are C. is
6. Nt nly Sam but als his parents___________ cming t China sn.
A. is B. are C. were
7.The survey n the children that mre than five sixths f them interested in science bks because they seems a little bring.
A. shw; isB. shws; areC. shws; isD. shw; are
8. With the intrductin f the "duble reductin" plicy （双减政策），ne f the_____ _____ that the students have less hmewrk.
A. changes；is B. change；is C. changes；are
9. -Using public chpsticks______necessary when eating with thers.
-That's right.
A. isB. areC. wasD. were
10. -Hurry up, Jasn! We're ging t the cinema, but the clthes still need .
-Dn't wrry. I think thirty minutes enugh.
A. washing；areB. t wash；areC. t wash；isD. washing；is
11. Sme peple think ne f the mst useful inventins the smartphne.
A. areB. isC. wereD. be
12. There ______ tw peple waiting fr yu utside nw.
A. isB. areC. wasD. were
13. I plan t travel t America next mnth, and I think 2000 dllars ______ enugh.
A. wasB. areC. isD. were
14. The zebra eats grass, but it ______ eat meat.
A. desn't B. didn't C. dn't
15. The number f the whales ______ smaller and smaller because f human activities nw.
A. wereB. wasC. isD. are
16. Lk! Julia as well as her sisters ______ a kite n the playgrund.
A. flyB. fliesC. is flyingD. are flying
17. Fresh water ______ mre imprtant than anything else.
A. isB. areC. wasD. were
18. Vlunteering ur time t help peple ______ a gd way t learn new things.
A. am B. is C. are
19. —Susan, hw many wmen teachers are there in yur schl?
—In ur schl, ______ f the teachers ______ wmen teachers.
third furth；areB. third furth；is
C. three furths；isD. three furths；are
20. One thusand kilmeters ______ quite a lng way t the ancient, but nw we can cmplete the jurney in abut ne hur by air.
A. wasB. hadC. wereD. have
21. He _______ like his brther.
A. lk B. lks C. lking
22. Mid-Autumn Day usually ______ n August 15th in the lunar calendar（阴历）every year.
A. cmeB. cmesC. is cmingD. will cme
23. In the past peple didn't knw that light faster than sund.
A. travels B. travelled C. travel
24. Nt nly Peter but als his father ________ crazy abut the basketball match.
A. amB. isC. areD. be
25. This pair f scks ______ sft. I'll take ______.
A. feel; it B. feels; it C. feels; them
26. She will fly t Haiku as sn as she ______ the task.
A. finish B. finishes C. finished
27. It's reprted that the students in sme schls f ur city a PE class every day.
A. takesB. takeC. tkD. are taking
28. —D yu enjy the sngs sung by Jay Chu?
—Of curse. Nt nly I but als my parents ______ his fans.
A. amB. areC. wasD. were
29. Sme f the apples are bad, but I believe the rest sweet.
A. tasteB. tastesC. are tastedD. is tasted
30. Nt nly Jack but als I ______ crazy abut the ftball match.
A. amB. isC. areD. be
31. —Listen! There ______ smene ______ at the dr.
—It must be yur sister.
A. is; knckingB. is; knckC. are; knckingD. are; knck
32. — What _____ the number f the students in yur schl?​​
— Abut tw thusand. A number f them _____ frm the cuntryside.
A. is; areB. is; isC. are; isD. are; are
33. —What wuld yu like t have fr yur birthday？
—Either ndles r bread ______ OK．I dn't mind．
A. amB. isC. areD. be
34. Everybdy except Mike and Linda _______ there when the meeting began.
A. isB. areC. wasD. were
35. —What d yu think f the envirnment here?
—Wnderful! ________ f the land ________ cvered with trees and grass.
A. Tw fifths; isB. Tw fifth; isC. Tw fifths; areD. Tw fifth; are
36. _________ Lucy________Lily like singing．
A. Either，rB. Neither，nr
C. Nt nly，but alsD. Bth，and
37. My friend and I are interested in drawing，but ________ f us is gd at it．
A. neitherB. bthC. nneD. all
38. Ding eye exercises ______ ne f the useful ways t prtect ur eyes.
A. is B. are C. were
39. The twins fnd f the new idea in the magazine article．
A. beB. amC. isD. are
40. Lk，the set f keys n the teacher's desk．
A. areB. wereC. isD. was
41. —What's in the picture n the wall?
—There ______ a teacher and sme students playing sccer n the playgrund.
A. hasB. areC. isD. have
42. Bth Kate and I ______ ready fr the new high schl life.
A. amB. isC. areD. be
43.In ur schl library there a number f bks and the number f them grwing larger and larger．
A. is；areB. has；isC. are；isD. have；are
44. — The number f turists ______ ver 33 millin this year.
— Yes. A large number f turists ______ s far because f the new lk f city.
A. is; have cmeB. is; has cmeC. are; has cmeD. are; have cme
45. my father my mther take gd care f me. I lve them s much.
A. Either; rB. Bth; and
C. Neither; nrD. Nt nly; but als
46. Either the students r the teacher ______ him very well.
A. knwsB. t knwC. knwD. knew
47. The girl with tw cats __________ in the yard when the earthquake happened.
A. was playingB. is playingC. are playingD. were playing
48. —What's in the picture?
—There ______ a teacher and sme students playing games n the playgrund.
A. isB. areC. hasD. have
49. Hw time flies! Several years ______ since we started ur middle schl life. We will keep the pleasant experiences in ur minds.
A. have pass B. has passed C. will pass
50. —We rdered beef ndles, but ______ any beef in the ndles
.—Put n yur glasses and yu can see the beef.
A. there isn'tB. there isC. there aren'tD. there are