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湖南省衡阳市第八中学2024届高三下学期高考适应性练习（一）英语试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份湖南省衡阳市第八中学2024届高三下学期高考适应性练习（一）英语试卷（Word版附解析），文件包含湖南省衡阳市第八中学2024届高三下学期高考适应性练习一英语试题Word版含解析docx、湖南省衡阳市第八中学2024届高三下学期高考适应性练习一英语试题Word版无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共35页， 欢迎下载使用。
请注意：考试时间120分钟，满分150分。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Wh will prvide an apartment fr the man?
A. GM. B. ABC. C. The sales manager.
2. When shuld the prject be handed in?
A. On Friday. B. On Saturday. C. On Mnday.
3. What d we knw abut the pht?
A. It was taken a decade ag.
B. The man tk it at his wedding.
C. The wman had lng hair then.
4. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Stewardess and passenger.
B. Shpkeeper and custmer.
C. Waitress and custmer.
5. Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A. In a crner stre. B. In a supermarket. C. On the street.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What’s the wman’s attitude tward the situatin?
A Optimistic. B. Cnfused. C. Pessimistic.
7. What’s the man wrried abut?
A. Their car will run ut f gas.
B. They will be unable t get fd.
C. The stres will be ut f stck.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What des the man tell us abut the films?
A. The films are intrduced frm freign cuntries.
B. The films are translated int fur languages.
C. The films are sht by university students.
9. What is special abut the Film Festival?
A. The audience’s vtes. B. The live vide interviews. C. English wrds n the screen.
10. Hw much is a ticket fr the man’s schlmates?
A. $10. B. $15. C. $25.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Why did Mark run with his sn this mrning?
A. T help him be strnger. B. T make him lve running. C. T accmpany him n training.
12. What made Mark stp running at cllege?
A. His interest in cycling. B. His knee injury. C. His accident in marathns.
13. What des the wman d mst ften in her free time?
A. She ges swimming. B. She ges fr a run. C. She plays tennis.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What d the speakers cnsider as the mst imprtant?
A. The lcatin f the flat. B. The size f the flat. C. The rent f the flat.
15. What is the abslute necessity in the bedrm fr the wman?
A. Furniture. B. An air cnditiner. C. Sunlight..
16. Hw des the wman knw abut the rent?
A. By reading the newspaper.
B. By cnsulting the huse agent.
C. By asking friends.
17. Why des the wman wish t find a flat quickly?
A. Her present huse is due.
B. She wants t mve fr a change.
C. Her present huse is t expensive.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When is the deadline fr entries?
A. August 31st. B. Octber 15th. C. Nvember 1st.
19. What is the tpic f this year?
A. Cities. B. The Future. C. The Wrld.
20. What is the prize fr the schl winner?
A. Pictures f England. B. Bks frm a writer. C. Lessns frm an artist.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Knwn as “the rf f the wrld”, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has lng been an ideal and mysterius destinatin fr visitrs wh are passinate abut explring remte lands. Here are sme f the best turist destinatins in Tibet which might suit yur discerning travel taste with the arrival f spring.
The Yarlung Zangb River Grand Canyn
The Yarlung Zangb River Grand Canyn is the deepest canyn in the wrld. With a ttal length f abut 500 kilmeters, its altitude spans frm 7,782 meters at Namcha Barwa, the highest peak f the eastern Himalayas, t 550 meters arund the Yarlung Zangb River Valley in Metg cunty.
One unique feature f the spring sight here is that visitrs can enjy bth the peach blssms and the snw-capped muntains at the same time. The water Peach Blessm Fair is als an attractin in the area.
Lake Manasarva
Lake Manasarva sits 4,500 meters abve sea level in Purang cunty, Ngari prefecture. Snw melt frm the Gangdise Muntains hugging the lake is the surce fr the nearby Yarlung Zangb River as well as the mighty Ganges.
The Manasarva wetland is a key “climate regulatr” n the plateau and hme t mre than 400 rare species including the black-necked crane and the Tibetan wild dnkey. Enshrined as “hly lake and sacred muntain” alng with Gang Rinpche, Lake Manasarva attracts a large number f pilgrims as well as turists frm hme and abrad.
Nanyi Valley
Nanyigu scenic spt is 20 kilmeters away frm Milin cunty and is an imprtant birthplace f the mysterius Tibetan medicine culture. The scenic area cvers a ttal area f 820 hectares. The eclgical cnditins here are s gd that the place is rich in varius animal and plant species.
Nanyi Valley is knwn as “the highest green mysterius place n Earth”. Surrunded by muntains and shruded in cluds, Nanyi Valley is an ideal spring destinatin fr visitrs, where yu can find peach and azalea blssms everywhere.
1. What is special abut the spring scenery in the Yarlung Zangb River Grand Canyn?
A. It is pssible fr peple t see the deepest canyn in the wrld.
B. Visitrs can g t the water Peach Blssm Fair in Metg cunty.
C. A great range f cultural heritage sites can be enjyed in pleasant weather.
D. Turists can admire charming flwers as well as muntains cvered with snw.
2. Which place best suits peple wh want t explre mre abut medicine?
A. The Yarlung Zangb River Grand CanynB. Lake Manasarva
C. Nanyi ValleyD. Milin cunty
3. Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A. A travel brchure.B. An academic article.
C. A gegraphy textbk.D. A marketing website.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇应用文。文章介绍了三个位于西藏适合春天旅游的美丽的景点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Yarlung Zangb River Grand Canyn部分“One unique feature f the spring sight here is that visitrs can enjy bth the peach blssms and the snw-capped muntains at the same time.”（这里春天景色的一个独特之处在于游客可以同时欣赏桃花和雪山）可知，春季去雅鲁藏布江大峡谷游玩的特别之处是游客可以同时欣赏桃花和雪山。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Nanyi Valley中“Nanyigu scenic spt is 20 kilmeters away frm Milin cunty and is an imprtant birthplace f the mysterius Tibetan medicine culture.”（南驿沟风景区距米林县20公里，是神秘藏药文化的重要发源地）可知，Nanyi Valley适合愿意探索医药文化的人游览。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Here are sme f the best turist destinatins in Tibet which might suit yur discerning travel taste with the arrival f spring.”（随着春天的到来，这里有一些西藏最好的旅游目的地，可能会适合你挑剔的旅游品味）并结合下文对西藏不同景点的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了西藏一些著名的旅游景点，应选自旅游手册。故选A项。
B
Kawasaki disease (川崎病) is every parent’s nightmare. This rare illness causes inflammatin in bld vessels thrughut the bdy and is the leading cause f acquired heart disease in babies and yung children. Histrically, it’s been difficult t diagnse, until recently, when a yung inventr develped an app that can detect it.
Ellen Xu’s inventin scans a phtgraph f the child and lks fr telltale signs (表现) f Kawasaki disease such as rashes (疹子) and a swllen tngue. It’s a brilliant innvatin that likely wuldn’t have cme abut if it all weren’t s persnal.
When Xu, a San Dieg native, was 5 years ld, her parents rushed her kid sister t the hspital. Three-year-ld Kate had a fever, reddened eyes, a rash and swelling in her hands and tngue.
At first the puzzled dctrs guessed that she had influenza. But when her cnditin didn’t imprve, the Xus returned t the emergency rm, where Kate was diagnsed with Kawasaki disease and treated with intravenus immunglbulin, antibdies that help bst immunity. In time she shk ff the illness withut suffering damage t her heart, making her ne f the lucky nes.
Cut t a decade later: Ellen, needing a prject fr a high schl science fair, recalled her sister’s illness. “It was a puzzle I wanted t slve,” says Ellen, nw a student at Stanfrd. S she set ut t d just that. Using data, she devised an algrithm that can identify the physical symptms f Kawasaki disease frm a pht, which wrks similarly t apps that can identify birds and plants. The app is expected t appear sn n the Kawasaki Disease Fundatin’s website, kdfundatin.rg.
As fr Kate, Ellen says the little girl with the mysterius disease is nw a thriving high schl junir with dreams f becming an envirnmental engineer.
4. What can we learn abut Kawasaki disease frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. It ccurs if ne’s bld vessels are inflamed.
B. It can be cured by the new innvatin mentined.
C. It happens when ne experiences frightening dreams.
D. It shws symptms like areas f red spts n ne’s skin.
5. Why did Xu invent this app?
A. T address a difficult prblem.B. T save her kid sister.
C. T be a student at Stanfrd.D. T prmte a science fair.
6. What can be inferred abut Kate?
A. She is a girl full f passin.B. She is an envirnment enthusiast.
C. She appreciates her sister a lt.D. Her heart is in pr cnditin.
7. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. A hspital that fights a killer disease.B. A girl wh invents an app.
C. An app that detects a rare disease.D. A disease that is mysterius.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Ellen Xu基于妹妹得川崎病的经历十年后创造了一个应用程序，可以根据症状检测这种罕见的疾病。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ellen Xu’s inventin scans a phtgraph f the child and lks fr telltale signs (表现) f Kawasaki disease, such as rashes (疹子) and a swllen tngue.(Ellen Xu的发明扫描孩子的照片，寻找川崎病的迹象，比如皮疹和舌头肿胀)”可知，川崎病的症状包括皮肤上出现红点，故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“‘It was a puzzle I wanted t slve,’ says Ellen, nw a student at Stanfrd. S she set ut t d just that. Using data, she devised an algrithm that can identify the physical symptms f Kawasaki disease frm a pht, which wrks similarly t apps that can identify birds and plants.(‘这是一个我想解决的难题，’Ellen说，她现在是斯坦福大学的一名学生。于是她就开始这么做了。利用数据，她设计了一种算法，可以从照片中识别川崎病的身体症状，其工作原理类似于识别鸟类和植物的应用程序)”可知，Xu发明这款应用程序时为了解决一个难题，故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“As fr Kate, Ellen says the little girl with the mysterius disease is nw a thriving high schl junir with dreams f becming an envirnmental engineer.(至于Kate，Ellen说，这个患有神秘疾病的小女孩现在是一名茁壮成长的高中生，梦想成为一名环境工程师)”可知，Kate梦想成为一名环境工程师，由此推测她是一个环保爱好者，故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“This rare illness causes inflammatin in bld vessels thrughut the bdy and is the leading cause f acquired heart disease in babies and yung children. Histrically, it’s been difficult t diagnse, until recently, when a yung inventr develped an app that can detect it.(这种罕见的疾病会引起全身血管炎症，是婴幼儿获得性心脏病的主要原因。历史上看，它很难诊断，直到最近，一位年轻的发明家开发了一款可以检测它的应用程序)”可知，文章主要讲述Ellen Xu基于妹妹得川崎病的经历十年后创造了一个应用程序，可以根据症状检测这种罕见的疾病，C项“一款检测罕见疾病的应用程序”为最佳标题，故选C。
C
Peple with high levels f niacin, als knwn as vitamin B3, in their bld may be mre likely t have a heart attack r strke than thse with lwer levels. Excessive amunts f the vitamin, which is rutinely added t frtified fd and can be taken as a supplement, may inflame bld vessels.
Heart attacks and strke are leading causes f death wrldwide. While researchers have made significant strides ver the past few decades in discvering the risk factrs fr these cnditins, they haven’t identified them all.
In an effrt t fill these gaps, Stanley Hazen at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohi and his clleagues cllected bld samples frm 2331 adults in the US and 832 adults in Eurpe wh had elected t underg cardivascular screenings. The team analysed the samples fr substances called metablites, byprducts f metablic prcesses such as digestin. The researchers then tracked incidents f cardiac events, such as heart attacks and strkes, amng the participants ver three years.
They fund that peple with elevated levels f a metablite called 4PY, which nly arises when the bdy breaks dwn excess niacin, were arund 60 percent mre likely, n average, t experience such an event than thse with lwer levels. And it was fund in further experiment that 4PY causes bld vessel inflammatin, a majr cntributr t the develpment f heart disease, in rdents.
It isn’t uncmmn fr peple t have high niacin levels, Hazen says. This is partially due t certain fds, such as cereals and flurs, being rutinely frtified with the vitamin in cuntries that include the UK and the US. Niacin supplements are als increasingly ppular as evidence suggests they have anti-ageing benefits, says Hazen. Plus, it wasn’t until recently that dctrs stpped prescribing high-dse niacin t peple at risk f cardivascular disease, as it was initially thught the vitamin prtected peple frm these cnditins by lwering chlesterl.
“I think this study really shws that smetimes, when it cmes t vitamins, yu can have t much f a gd thing,” says Jenny Jia at Nrthwestern University in Chicag, Illinis. Hwever, this research was mainly cnducted in peple f Eurpean ancestry. It is therefre unclear if similar results wuld ccur in peple f different racial r ethnic backgrunds, says Jia.
8. What is presented in paragraph 3?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Research prcedures.
C. Practical examples.D. Histrical findings.
9. What des the underlined phrase “such an event” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. Increased 4PY.B. Extra niacin.
C Bld vessel inflammatin.D. Cardivascular diseases.
10. What might nt be the reasn fr peple t have high niacin levels?
A. Having niacin supplement is fashinable.B. Fd with niacin can rapid aging.
C. Certain vitamins are added t fds.D. Niacin was prescribed t peple.
11. What attitude might Jia have t the study?
A. Neutral.B. Supprtive.C. Indifferent.D. Dubtful.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于血液中烟酸含量高的人可能比含量低的人更容易患心脏病或中风的一项研究。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“In an effrt t fill these gaps, Stanley Hazen at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohi and his clleagues cllected bld samples frm 2331 adults in the US and 832 adults in Eurpe wh had elected t underg cardivascular screenings. The team analysed the samples fr substances called metablites, byprducts f metablic prcesses such as digestin. The researchers then tracked incidents f cardiac events, such as heart attacks and strkes, amng the participants ver three years. (为了填补这些空白，俄亥俄州克利夫兰诊所的Stanley Hazen和他的同事收集了2331名美国成年人和832名欧洲成年人的血液样本，这些成年人选择接受心血管筛查。研究小组分析了这些样本中被称为代谢物的物质，这是消化等代谢过程的副产品。然后，研究人员在三年的时间里追踪了参与者的心脏事件，比如心脏病发作和中风。)”可知，本段主要介绍了研究的程序步骤。故选B项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。划线词句前文“The researchers then tracked incidents f cardiac events, such as heart attacks and strkes, amng the participants ver three years. (然后，研究人员在三年的时间里追踪了参与者的心脏病事件，比如心脏病发作和中风。)”说明研究人员追踪了参与者的心脏病事件，从而推知划线词句“They fund that peple with elevated levels f a metablite called 4PY, which nly arises when the bdy breaks dwn excess niacin, were arund 60 percent mre likely, n average, t experience such an event than thse with lwer levels. (他们发现，一种叫做4PY的代谢物水平升高的人比那些水平较低的人平均有60%的可能性经历such an event。)”其中划线部分指的是“心血管疾病”。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“It isn’t uncmmn fr peple t have high niacin levels, Hazen says. This is partially due t certain fds, such as cereals and flurs, being rutinely frtified with the vitamin in cuntries that include the UK and the US. Niacin supplements are als increasingly ppular as evidence suggests they have anti-ageing benefits, says Hazen. Plus, it wasn’t until recently that dctrs stpped prescribing high-dse niacin t peple at risk f cardivascular disease, as it was initially thught the vitamin prtected peple frm these cnditins by lwering chlesterl. (Hazen说，人们体内烟酸含量高并不罕见。这在一定程度上是由于某些食物，如谷物和面粉，在包括英国和美国在内的国家经常添加维生素。Hazen说，烟酸补充剂也越来越受欢迎，因为有证据表明它们具有抗衰老的功效。此外，直到最近，医生才停止给有心血管疾病风险的人开大剂量的烟酸处方，因为人们最初认为维生素可以通过降低胆固醇来保护人们免受这些疾病的侵害。)”可知，人们烟酸水平高的原因有某些维生素被添加到食物中、服用烟酸补充剂是一种时尚以及烟酸是给人开的处方。原因中不包含B项，故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘I think this study really shws that smetimes, when it cmes t vitamins, yu can have t much f a gd thing,’ says Jenny Jia at Nrthwestern University in Chicag, Illinis. Hwever, this research was mainly cnducted in peple f Eurpean ancestry. It is therefre unclear if similar results wuld ccur in peple f different racial r ethnic backgrunds, says Jia. (伊利诺斯州芝加哥西北大学的Jenny Jia说：‘我认为这项研究确实表明，有时候，当谈到维生素时，你可能是当作好东西吃得太多了。’然而，这项研究主要是在欧洲血统的人身上进行的。因此，还不清楚不同种族或民族背景的人是否会出现类似的结果，Jia说。)”可知，Jia对这项研究的态度是没有倾向性的，中立的。故选A项。
D
The water systems within the wrld’s building and facilities are a majr surce f carbn and ther greenhuse gas emissins that cntribute t the glbal climate crisis, accrding t a new white paper released by WINT Water Intelligence.
While the availability f clean water has been recgnized as an urgent wrldwide cncern, carbn emissins assciated with the prductin, treatment, and distributin f clean water have ften been verlked. Highlighting the amplifying effect f waste and chrnic inefficiency — apprximately 25% f all water in the built envirnment is ultimately wasted, driving up water-related energy use and assciated greenhuse emissins, the paper “The Carbn Impact f Water” details the immediate and lng-term cnsequences f ur current water infrastructure.
Thugh greenhuse emissins vary based n the surce and distributin methd, the research finds that every cubic meter f water cnsumed generates 10.5 kg f carbn emissins, r 85 punds fr every 1,000 gallns. Fr sme lcal U. S. gvernments, where such infrmatin is readily available, water and wastewater can accunt fr 30-40% r mre f public energy cnsumptin. Mrever, ptable water ends up in sewage treatment prcesses that are nt nly energy-intensive but als release pwerful greenhuse gases such as nitrus xide and methane, which are many times mre ptent than carbn dixide.
Unfrtunately, inefficiencies are rampant in buildings. Apprximately 25% f the water in the built envirnment is ultimately wasted thrugh leaks, utdated technlgy, malfunctins, and human errr. As a simple example, a leaking tilet cntinuusly flws at 100-150 gallns per hur, wasting mre than 1 millin gallns a year and accunting fr sme 4.5 tns f greenhuse emissins — identical t the ttal annual emissins frm a passenger car. In facilities with multiple restrms, such as ffice buildings, sprts stadiums, and shpping malls, sme 2-3% f tilets typically leak at any pint in time, creating significant carbn and water ftprints.
Inefficient use f water is a significant surce f carbn and ther greenhuse emissins, but a few key actins, such as prper maintenance and installing advanced water intelligence slutins, mentined by the paper are highly effective ways f reducing waste, emissins, and verall envirnmental impact. And the paper cncludes it is ur generatin’s respnsibility t efficiently use the water we’ve been given and t identify and curtail the unnecessary, expensive, and envirnmentally irrespnsible waste f this precius resurce.
12. What is the paper mainly abut?
A. Shwing the influences f water infrastructure.
B. Giving guidance n hw t save water.
C. Slving the prblem f water wastage.
D. Prmting the use f water infrastructure.
13. Which f the fllwing statement is true accrding t paragraph 3 and paragraph 4?
A. The tilets in ffice buildings are all in gd cnditins.
B. Greenhuse gases will be created in sewage treatment.
C. Water and wastewater cause mst f the public energy cnsumptin.
D. A passenger car des mre harm than a leaking tilet in greenhuse emissins.
14. What techniques have been used t shw the findings?
A. Applying metaphrs and using puns.
B. Using qutatins and making cmparisns.
C Making assumptins and applying exaggeratin.
D. Using examples and listing figures.
15. Hw can peple deal with the prblems mentined accrding t the paper?
A. Using water nrmally.B. Uninstalling water intelligence.
C. Giving apprpriate cnservatin.D. Using water efficiently.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了WINT water Intelligence发布的一份新白皮书表明，全球建筑和设施内的水系统是造成全我们目前的水利基础设施加重了温室气体排放，对环境造成了巨大的影响。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Highlighting the amplifying effect f waste and chrnic inefficiency — apprximately 25% f all water in the built envirnment is ultimately wasted, driving up water-related energy use and assciated greenhuse emissins, the paper “The Carbn Impact f Water” details the immediate and lng-term cnsequences f ur current water infrastructure.”（强调浪费和长期低效率的放大效应——建筑环境中大约25%的水最终被浪费，推动了与水有关的能源使用和相关的温室气体排放，《水的碳影响》详细介绍了我们目前的水基础设施的直接和长期后果。）可知，该论文主要是介绍了关于水基础设施的影响。故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Mrever, ptable water ends up in sewage treatment prcesses that are nt nly energy-intensive but als release pwerful greenhuse gases such as nitrus xide and methane, which are many times mre ptent than carbn dixide.”（此外，饮用水最终会进入污水处理过程，这不仅是能源密集型的，而且会释放出强大的温室气体，如一氧化二氮和甲烷，其威力是二氧化碳的数倍。）可知，饮用水最终进入污水处理过程，会产生大量的温室气体。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句“Thugh greenhuse emissins vary based n the surce and distributin methd, the research finds that every cubic meter f water cnsumed generates 10.5kg f carbn emissins, r 85 punds fr every 1,000 gallns. Fr sme lcal U. S. gvernments, where such infrmatin is readily available, water and wastewater can accunt fr 30-40% r mre f public energy cnsumptin.”（虽然温室气体排放量因来源和分配方式的不同而有所不同，但研究发现，每消耗一立方米的水会产生10.5公斤的碳排放，或每1000加仑产生85磅的碳排放。对于美国一些地方政府来说，这些信息很容易获得，水和废水可能占公共能源消耗的30-40%或更多。）及第四段中“Apprximately 25% f the water in the built envirnment is ultimately wasted thrugh leaks, utdated technlgy, malfunctins, and human errr. As a simple example, a leaking tilet cntinuusly flws at 100-150 gallns per hur, wasting mre than 1 millin gallns a year and accunting fr sme 4.5 tns f greenhuse emissins — identical t the ttal annual emissins frm a passenger car. In facilities with multiple restrms, such as ffice buildings, sprts stadiums, and shpping malls, sme 2-3% f tilets typically leak at any pint in time, creating significant carbn and water ftprints.”（建筑环境中大约25%的水最终因泄漏、过时的技术、故障和人为错误而浪费掉。举个简单的例子，一个漏水的马桶每小时持续流出100-150加仑的水，每年浪费100多万加仑的水，排放约4.5吨温室气体——相当于一辆乘用车每年的总排放量。在有多个卫生间的设施中，如办公楼、体育场馆和购物中心，大约2-3%的厕所通常会在任何时间点漏水，造成大量的碳和水足迹。）可知，文章通过列举大量的数据和例子来说明水基础设施的影响。故选D项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“And the paper cncludes it is ur generatin’s respnsibility t efficiently use the water we’ve been given and t identify and curtail the unnecessary, expensive, and envirnmentally irrespnsible waste f this precius resurce.”（我们这一代人有责任有效地利用我们所拥有的水资源，并发现和减少对这一宝贵资源不必要的、昂贵的、对环境不负责任的浪费。）可知，我们应该提高水资源利用率，并减少浪费。故选D项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Push yurselves beynd the limits
Limits are blcks between yu and yur success. Yu will face great resistance when attempting t break thrugh the limits. It culd be fear, lack f cnfidence, physical disabilities, and mental blck. If yu desire a life f success, yu must face the resistance and push yurself beynd the limits. ____16____ Here are tips fr yu t succeed.
____17____ Dn’t wait fr external mtivatin t make the first mve. Discver yur inner mtivatin! It culd be a mtivatinal vide, articles, TED Talks, r qutes. Ensure it is smething that fills yu with passin and drive t get things dne. Inspiratin can push yu frward.
Take n a little mre than yu think yu can. Pushing past yur limits means taking n newer, harder challenges. If yu’re nt challenging yurself t d bigger and better things regularly, yu’re nly wrking within what yu already can d. ____18____
Wrk n yur gals a little each day. Chances are great that yu need t build yur empire brick by brick. That takes time and regular effrt. ____19____ That is, there is nt a day that yu dn’t wrk n yur big gals, at least a little bit. It can be fifteen minutes dedicated t ding ne small thing that will get yu clser t that big thing yu want t accmplish.
Find smene wh supprts yu and encurages yu t keep ging. ____20____ Having smene t supprt yu can balance ut the impact f any negative thinking that may limit yu. It culd be a life cach, friend, parent, r yur wife r husband. They can help yu make the push yu need t get ut f yur cmfrt zne.
A. Inspire yurself.
B. Rme wasn’t built in a day.
C. Discver where yur passin lies.
D. A bit f assistance means much in facing resistance.
E. One gd way is t adpt the apprach f “N Zer Days”.
F. Failure t d s will make yur gals and dreams unrealizable.
G. That’s a way t stay exactly where yu are and make little r n prgress.
【答案】16. F 17. A 18. G 19. E 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些方法能够帮助读者超越自己的极限，并最终取得成功。
【16题详解】
根据空前“If yu desire a life f success, yu must face the resistance and push yurself beynd the limits.(如果你渴望成功的生活，你必须面对阻力，推动自己超越极限。)”可知，如果想要成功，一个人就得超越极限。选项F“Failure t d s will make yur gals and dreams unrealizable.(如果做不到这一点，你的目标和梦想就无法实现。)”与上文内容一致，也就是说一个人只有超越极限才能成功。故选F。
【17题详解】
空处为段首句，为本段主旨句。根据下文“Dn’t wait fr external mtivatin t make the first mve. Discver yur inner mtivatin! It culd be a mtivatinal vide, articles, TED Talks, r qutes. Ensure it is smething that fills yu with passin and drive t get things dne. Inspiratin can push yu frward. (不要等到外界的激励，才主动出击。发现你内心的动力！可以是励志视频、文章、TED演讲或名言。确保它能让你充满激情，有动力把事情做好。灵感可以推动你前进。)”可知，本段主要建议读者要激励自己，以获得成功。选项A“Inspire yurself.(激励自己。)”与下文内容一致，可以作为主旨句。故选A。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Pushing past yur limits means taking n newer, harder challenges. If yu’re nt challenging yurself t d bigger and better things regularly, yu’re nly wrking within what yu already can d.(突破自己的极限意味着接受更新、更难的挑战。如果你不经常挑战自己去做更大更好的事情，你只是在你已经能做的范围内工作。)”可知，上文指出不挑战自己做更大更好的事情，你就不会有进步。选项G“That’s a way t stay exactly where yu are and make little r n prgress.(这是一种原地踏步，几乎没有进步的方法。)”是对上文内容的总结。故选G。
【19题详解】
根据下文“That is, there is nt a day that yu dn’t wrk n yur big gals, at least a little bit. It can be fifteen minutes dedicated t ding ne small thing that will get yu clser t that big thing yu want t accmplish.(也就是说，没有一天你不为你的大目标而努力，至少是一点点。你可以花15分钟做一件小事，让你更接近你想要完成的大事情。)”可知，空处指的是每天都要努力，哪怕只是一点点。选项E“One gd way is t adpt the apprach f “N Zer Days”.(一个好方法是采用“无零日”的方法。)”与下文内容一致，建议读者每天都要努力。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据下文“Having smene t supprt yu can balance ut the impact f any negative thinking that may limit yu. It culd be a life cach, friend, parent, r yur wife r husband. They can help yu make the push yu need t get ut f yur cmfrt zne.(有人支持你可以抵消任何可能限制你的消极思想的影响。可以是人生导师，朋友，父母，或者你的妻子或丈夫。他们可以帮助你走出你的舒适区。)”可知，作者认为在面对困难时，如果身边有人帮助你，你将会更好地前进。选项D“A bit f assistance means much in facing resistance.(在面对阻力时，一点帮助很重要。)”与下文内容一致。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I grew up n a university campus in eastern Nigeria.I was a(n) ____21____reader, and what I read were British and American children’s bks.I began t write when I was seven.I wrte exactly the kinds f stries I was reading: All my ____22____ were white and blue-eyed. They played in the snw. They ate apples, and they talked a lt abut the ____23____，hw lvely it was that the sun had ____24____.
What this demnstrates is hw ____25____we can be influenced by what we read, particularly as children. Because all I had read were freign bks, I had becme ____26____ that bks had t have ____27____ in them and had t be abut things with which I culd nt persnally identify.
Things ____28____ when I discvered African bks. There weren’t many f them available, and they weren’t quite as easy t ____29____ as the freign bks.
But _____30_____ writers like Chinua Achebe and Camara Laye I went thrugh a mental _____31_____in my view f literature.I _____32_____ that peple like me, girls with skin the clr f chclate,culd als _____33_____ in literature. I started t write abut things I recgnized. What the _____34_____ f African writers did fr me was this: It saved me frm having a _____35_____ stry f what bks are.
21. A. earlyB. aimlessC. carefulD. pr
22. A. instructrsB. neighbrsC. friendsD. characters
23. A. snwB. fruitsC. cuisineD. weather
24. A. disappearedB. setC. cme utD. gne dwn
25. A. brieflyB. regularlyC. scarcelyD. easily
26. A. cnvincedB. puzzledC. cncernedD. satisfied
27. A. heresB. freignersC. AfricansD. children
28. A. remainedB. changedC. wrsenedD. wrked
29. A. readB. understandC. findD. keep
30. A. in spite fB. n behalf fC. because fD. instead f
31. A. cnfusinB. shiftC. blckD. activity
32. A. realizedB. suspectedC. claimedD. frgt
33. A. takeB. existC. believeD. majr
34. A. discveryB. ppularityC. imaginatinD. analysis
35. A. classicB. remarkableC. whleD. single
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了阅读对作者写作产生的影响。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很早（小）的时候就开始阅读了，我读的是英国和美国的儿童书籍。A. early早的；B. aimless没有目标的；C. careful小心的，仔细的；D. pr贫穷的。根据“I began t write when I was seven.”可知，作者很早就开始阅读书籍了。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我写的正是我正在读的那种故事：我所有的角色都是白人和蓝眼睛。A. instructrs指导员；B. neighbrs邻居；C. friends朋友；D. characters性格，角色。根据“I wrte exactly the kinds f stries”可知，此处指作者书中的角色。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们吃着苹果，谈论着天气，说太阳出来了是多么美好。A. snw雪花；B. fruits水果；C. cuisine烹饪，菜肴；D. weather天气。根据“hw lvely it was that the sun had ____4____”可知，他们谈论天气。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词（短语）词义辨析。句意同上。A. disappeared消失；B. set设置；C. cme ut出来；D. gne dwn下降。根据“hw lvely it was”和“the sun”可知，太阳出来了。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这表明我们很容易受到我们所读到的东西的影响，尤其是作为孩子。A. briefly简短地；B. regularly有规律地；C. scarcely几乎不；D. easily容易地。根据上文“.I wrte exactly the kinds f stries I was reading: All my ____2____ were white and blue-eyed.”可知，我们很容易受到我们所读到的东西的影响。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为我读过的都是外国书，所以我开始相信，书里必须有外国人，必须是我个人无法认同的东西。A. cnvinced确信的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. cncerned担心的；D. satisfied满意的。根据“hw ____5____we can be influenced by what we read”可知，因为收到读过的书的影响，作者开始相信，书里必须有外国人。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. heres英雄；B. freigners外国人；C. Africans非洲人；D. children孩子。根据“Because all I had read were freign bks”可知，此处指书里必须有外国人。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我发现非洲书籍时，一切都变了。A. remained停留，剩余；B. changed改变；C. wrsened恶化；D. wrked工作。根据上文“had t be abut things with which I culd nt persnally identify.”和下文“I started t write abut things I recgnized.”可知，读到非洲书籍以后，作者的认知发生了变化。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些书的数量不多，而且不像外国书那么容易找到。A. read阅读；B. understand理解；C. find找到；D. keep保持。根据“There weren’t many f them available”可知，因为非洲书籍不多，所以不容易找到。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：但是因为像奇努阿·阿奇贝和卡马拉·雷这样的作家，我对文学的看法发生了心理上的转变。A. in spite f尽管；B. n behalf f代表；C. because f因为；D. instead f代替，而不是。根据“I went thrugh a mental ____11____in my view f literature.”可知，作者对文学的看法发生变化，是因为自己像奇努阿·阿奇贝和卡马拉·雷这样的作家（同是黑皮肤的非洲人）。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. cnfusin困惑；B. shift转移，转变；C. blck障碍，街区；D. activity活动。根据“Things ____8____ when I discvered African bks.”可知，非洲书籍的发现，让作者对文学的看法发生了心理上的转变。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我意识到，像我这样有着巧克力色皮肤的女孩，也可以存在于文学作品中。A. realized意识到；B. suspected怀疑；C. claimed声称；D. frgt忘记。根据“I went thrugh a mental ____11____in my view f literature.”可知，作者意识到有着巧克力色皮肤的女孩，也可以存在于文学作品中。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. take带走；B. exist存在；C. believe相信；D. majr主修。根据“that peple like me, girls with skin the clr f chclate”可知，作者意识到非洲女孩也可以出现在书籍中。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：非洲作家的发现对我的影响是这样的：它让我不再对书是什么有一个单一的认识。A. discvery发现；B. ppularity流行；C. imaginatin想象力；D. analysis分析。根据“writers like Chinua Achebe and Camara Laye”可知，此处表示非洲作家的发现。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. classic经典的；B. remarkable显著的；C. whle整个的；D. single单一的。根据“All my ____2____ were white and blue-eyed.”可知，受到非洲书籍的影响，作者故事中的角色不再单一的只是白种人。故选D。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is knwn as the hme f tea. Since ancient times, tea has penetrated Chinese culture, leaving its arma in petry, etiquette and custms. Many tea lvers enjy tea nt just fr its flavr, ____36____ fr the beauty f tea ceremnies.
Picking tea leaves ____37____ (be) an imprtant spring activity in the Yangtze River basin in Suth China. The earliest batch f tea is ften ready t be picked befre Qingming, which is bserved in early April ____38____ the temperature begins t rise and rainfall increases. This precius small utput f tea, widely____39____ (seek) after fr its utstanding quality, is called Mingqian tea.
East China’s Zhejiang prvince is acknwledged as a majr ____40____ (prduce) f tea. White Tea in Huzhu city’s Anji cunty and West Lake Lngjing Tea in Hangzhu are tw ____41____ (extreme) renwned teas in bth China and abrad. In spring, lcal hillsides are filled with tea wrkers ____42____ (sw) seeds n their land. In the peak seasns, many turists g t tea farms ____43____(witness) the beautiful scenery fr themselves, while enjying a freshly brewed cup f tea.
____44____(traditin) tea prcessing techniques and assciated scial practices in China ____45____ (add) t the Representative List f the Intangible Cultural Heritage f Humanity in 2022.
【答案】36. but 37. is
38. when 39. sught
40. prducer
41. extremely
42. swing 43. t witness
44. Traditinal
45. were added
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了中国的茶文化。
【36题详解】
考查连词。句意：许多爱茶的人喜欢茶不仅仅是因为它的味道，而是因为茶道的美丽。句型表示“不是……而是……”。故填but。
【37题详解】
考查时态、主谓一致。句意：摘茶叶是中国南方长江流域一项重要的春季活动。结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语Picking tea leaves视为第三人称单数，故系动词用is。故填is。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：最早的一批茶叶通常在清明之前准备好采摘，清明是在四月初，气温开始上升，降雨量增加。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是April，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这种产量很少的珍贵茶叶，因其卓越的品质而广受欢迎，被称为名前茶。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，seek“寻找”与主语This precius small utput f tea之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填sught。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：中国东部的浙江省被认为是茶叶的主要生产商。空处用名词prducer“生产商”，结合空前的a可知，用单数形式，作宾语。故填prducer。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：湖州市安吉县的白茶和杭州的西湖龙井茶是两种在中国和国外都非常有名的茶。空处用副词extremely“非常”，作状语，修饰renwned。故填extremely。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：春天，当地的山坡上挤满了茶农，他们在地上播种。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语补足语，使用非谓语动词，sw“播种”与主语tea wrkers之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词。故填swing。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在旺季，许多游客会去茶园，一边品尝新鲜沏好的茶，一边亲眼目睹美丽的风景。本句谓语为g，此处为非谓语动词，且turists与witness“当场看到，目击”为主动关系，应用不定式的主动形式，作目的状语。故填t witness。
44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：2022年，中国传统茶叶加工技术及相关社会实践被列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。空处用形容词traditinal“传统的”，作定语，修饰tea prcessing techniques，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Traditinal。
【45题详解】
考查动词语态、主谓一致。句意：2022年，中国传统茶叶加工技术及相关社会实践被列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。结合时间状语in 2022可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，且主语Traditinal tea prcessing techniques and assciated scial practices in China与add“添加”为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were added。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假如你是李华，湖南省非物质文化遗产传承人Ms Liu将在开学之际为你校国际生亲授以“指尖上的非遗——剪纸”为主题的开学第一课。请你作为学生会代表，写一则通知发到国际生交流群中，让更多国际生知晓此事，参与到本次活动中来。内容包括：
1.专家介绍：2.课程安排。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Ntice
Paper-cutting is ne f the mst ppular traditinal flk arts in China. Ms. Liu, the inheritr f Hunan Prvince’s intangible cultural heritage, is a famus paper-cutting master. At the beginning f the semester, she will persnally teach the first lessn f the semester with the theme f “intangible cultural heritage n the fingertips — paper-cutting” fr the internatinal students f ur schl. It will be held n Friday 23 April frm 2pm t 4pm in the schl auditrium. Thrugh this class, yu will have a deeper understanding f Chinese culture.
Hpe yu will attend n time and enjy yurself.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。湖南省非物质文化遗产传承人刘女士将在开学之际为你校国际生亲授以“指尖上的非遗——剪纸”为主题的开学第一课，要求考生作为学生会代表，写一则通知发到国际生交流群中，让更多国际生知晓此事，参与到本次活动中来。
【详解】1.词汇积累
著名的：famus → well-knwn
大师：master → virtus
亲自：persnally → in persn
主题：theme → subject
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Ms. Liu, the inheritr f Hunan Prvince’s intangible cultural heritage, is a famus paper-cutting master.
拓展句：Ms. Liu, wh is the inheritr f Hunan Prvince’s intangible cultural heritage, is a famus paper-cutting master.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It will be held n Friday 23 April frm 2pm t 4pm in the schl auditrium. (运用了一般将来时的被动语态)
【高分句型2】Hpe yu will attend n time and enjy yurself. (运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Sck-eater ants are made-up animals with the best intentin ever.
“Ow!Ow!” I shuted as I brke my jump rpe rhythm and trapped my feet in the lse rpe. “Smething in my she is biting me,” I screamed. My teacher, Miss Bell, heard me and hurried ver. “Which ft is it?” she asked. I stuck up my right ft as she bent ver t inspect it. Just then, feeling a new sting, I yelped in pain. “Here. Let’s take ff yur she.” Instructed Miss Bell, squatting dwn t get the she.
Then, I remembered the hles in my scks. Welfare scks didn’t last lng. Hles in scks were cmmn fr ur family in the years fllwing the Great Depressin. Scks with hles in the heels ften gt pulled dwn s the hle wuldn’t shw. Where there was a hle, there wuld sn be a blister. Every week as she washed ur clthes, Mama wuld say, “Even if we’re pr and ur clthes are wrn ut, we can still be clean.”
I refused t let Miss Bell take ff my she. I culd nt bear fr her and the thers n the playgrund t see the hle in my faded red sck. “Cme n, then. Let’s g inside t the ffice.” I did my best t hld back my tears. Yet, each time the thing in my she stung me, I wuld let ut alud, “Oh, h, h!” Tears raced dwn my twisted face.
Miss Bell lifted me nt the desk and tried again. “Let me take a lk.”She just abut had the she ff when I saw the hle. I grabbed the she and pulled n and held it. The stinging wrsened the tighter I grabbed the she. Miss Wmble, the fifth-grade teacher,came int the ffice. “Can I help? I knw her. She lives next dr t me.” “I guess ants are stinging her right ft, but she wn’t let me take ff her she,” said Miss Bell.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Miss Wmble put bth hands n my shaking shulders and lked int my upset, red eyes.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Dealing with the angry bites gently, Miss Wmble lifted her head and smiled at me.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Miss Wmble put bth hands n my shaking shulders and lked int my upset, red eyes. Lking at me gently, she tld me nt t be shy and asked whether I had any prblems. I felt embarrassed and didn’t knw hw t answer her. The mre she wanted t take ff my she, the mre I wanted t avid her. After talking t my teacher fr a while, Miss Wmble seemed t see my secrets. She smiled at me and prmised that she wuld keep my secret, which was a great relief fr me and I agreed t take ff my shes.
Pretending t deal with the angry bites gently, Miss Wmble lifted her head and smiled at me. I was mved by her sweet smile and thanked her frm the bttm f my heart. She hugged me and whispered in my ear, “Dear girl, be cnfident and dn’t be shy. Yu are a gd girl wh deserves t be praised.” Miss Wmble als tld me stries abut her childhd, which gave me a lt f curage t face difficulties in my daily life. What impressed me mst was that a small act f kindness can make a big difference. Hence, I will never frget what Miss Wmble did fr me and I will pass the kindness n.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在操场上玩耍时，被跳绳绊到。但由于自己的袜子破了个洞，作者不好意思直接脱鞋，便被老师带到办公室，一直拒绝老师查看是否被蚂蚁咬，后来Miss Wmble过来询问原因并试图给予帮助。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Miss Wmble双手搭在我颤抖的肩膀上，看着我心烦意乱的样子。”可知，第一段可描写Miss Wmble想帮助作者，让作者心情平复下来并同意脱下鞋。
②由第二段首句内容“Miss Wmble温和地处理着愤怒的咬伤，抬起头对我微笑。”可知，第二段可描写Miss Wmble帮助作者处理了脚上的咬伤，其表现出来的善意让作者感动。
2.续写线索：安抚作者——取得信任——作者同意脱下鞋——假装处理脚上的蚂蚁咬伤——感谢Wmble老师——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①温柔地看着我：Lking at me gently / Lking at me tenderly
②面对困难：face difficulties/in the face f difficulties/meet challenges
③有很大影响：make a big difference /have a great influence /have a great impact
情绪类
①.感动的：mved/tuched
②感谢：thank/appreciate/gratitude
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Lking at me gently, she tld me nt t be shy and asked whether I had any prblems.（由连接词whether引导的宾语从句作ask的宾语）
[高分句型2]. She smiled at me and prmised that she wuld keep my secret, which was a great relief fr me and I agreed t take ff my shes.（由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型3]. Yu are a gd girl wh deserves t be praised.（由关系代词wh引导的限制性定语从句）
请注意：考试时间120分钟，满分150分。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Wh will prvide an apartment fr the man?
A. GM. B. ABC. C. The sales manager.
2. When shuld the prject be handed in?
A. On Friday. B. On Saturday. C. On Mnday.
3. What d we knw abut the pht?
A. It was taken a decade ag.
B. The man tk it at his wedding.
C. The wman had lng hair then.
4. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Stewardess and passenger.
B. Shpkeeper and custmer.
C. Waitress and custmer.
5. Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A. In a crner stre. B. In a supermarket. C. On the street.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What’s the wman’s attitude tward the situatin?
A Optimistic. B. Cnfused. C. Pessimistic.
7. What’s the man wrried abut?
A. Their car will run ut f gas.
B. They will be unable t get fd.
C. The stres will be ut f stck.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What des the man tell us abut the films?
A. The films are intrduced frm freign cuntries.
B. The films are translated int fur languages.
C. The films are sht by university students.
9. What is special abut the Film Festival?
A. The audience’s vtes. B. The live vide interviews. C. English wrds n the screen.
10. Hw much is a ticket fr the man’s schlmates?
A. $10. B. $15. C. $25.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Why did Mark run with his sn this mrning?
A. T help him be strnger. B. T make him lve running. C. T accmpany him n training.
12. What made Mark stp running at cllege?
A. His interest in cycling. B. His knee injury. C. His accident in marathns.
13. What des the wman d mst ften in her free time?
A. She ges swimming. B. She ges fr a run. C. She plays tennis.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What d the speakers cnsider as the mst imprtant?
A. The lcatin f the flat. B. The size f the flat. C. The rent f the flat.
15. What is the abslute necessity in the bedrm fr the wman?
A. Furniture. B. An air cnditiner. C. Sunlight..
16. Hw des the wman knw abut the rent?
A. By reading the newspaper.
B. By cnsulting the huse agent.
C. By asking friends.
17. Why des the wman wish t find a flat quickly?
A. Her present huse is due.
B. She wants t mve fr a change.
C. Her present huse is t expensive.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When is the deadline fr entries?
A. August 31st. B. Octber 15th. C. Nvember 1st.
19. What is the tpic f this year?
A. Cities. B. The Future. C. The Wrld.
20. What is the prize fr the schl winner?
A. Pictures f England. B. Bks frm a writer. C. Lessns frm an artist.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Knwn as “the rf f the wrld”, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has lng been an ideal and mysterius destinatin fr visitrs wh are passinate abut explring remte lands. Here are sme f the best turist destinatins in Tibet which might suit yur discerning travel taste with the arrival f spring.
The Yarlung Zangb River Grand Canyn
The Yarlung Zangb River Grand Canyn is the deepest canyn in the wrld. With a ttal length f abut 500 kilmeters, its altitude spans frm 7,782 meters at Namcha Barwa, the highest peak f the eastern Himalayas, t 550 meters arund the Yarlung Zangb River Valley in Metg cunty.
One unique feature f the spring sight here is that visitrs can enjy bth the peach blssms and the snw-capped muntains at the same time. The water Peach Blessm Fair is als an attractin in the area.
Lake Manasarva
Lake Manasarva sits 4,500 meters abve sea level in Purang cunty, Ngari prefecture. Snw melt frm the Gangdise Muntains hugging the lake is the surce fr the nearby Yarlung Zangb River as well as the mighty Ganges.
The Manasarva wetland is a key “climate regulatr” n the plateau and hme t mre than 400 rare species including the black-necked crane and the Tibetan wild dnkey. Enshrined as “hly lake and sacred muntain” alng with Gang Rinpche, Lake Manasarva attracts a large number f pilgrims as well as turists frm hme and abrad.
Nanyi Valley
Nanyigu scenic spt is 20 kilmeters away frm Milin cunty and is an imprtant birthplace f the mysterius Tibetan medicine culture. The scenic area cvers a ttal area f 820 hectares. The eclgical cnditins here are s gd that the place is rich in varius animal and plant species.
Nanyi Valley is knwn as “the highest green mysterius place n Earth”. Surrunded by muntains and shruded in cluds, Nanyi Valley is an ideal spring destinatin fr visitrs, where yu can find peach and azalea blssms everywhere.
1. What is special abut the spring scenery in the Yarlung Zangb River Grand Canyn?
A. It is pssible fr peple t see the deepest canyn in the wrld.
B. Visitrs can g t the water Peach Blssm Fair in Metg cunty.
C. A great range f cultural heritage sites can be enjyed in pleasant weather.
D. Turists can admire charming flwers as well as muntains cvered with snw.
2. Which place best suits peple wh want t explre mre abut medicine?
A. The Yarlung Zangb River Grand CanynB. Lake Manasarva
C. Nanyi ValleyD. Milin cunty
3. Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A. A travel brchure.B. An academic article.
C. A gegraphy textbk.D. A marketing website.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇应用文。文章介绍了三个位于西藏适合春天旅游的美丽的景点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Yarlung Zangb River Grand Canyn部分“One unique feature f the spring sight here is that visitrs can enjy bth the peach blssms and the snw-capped muntains at the same time.”（这里春天景色的一个独特之处在于游客可以同时欣赏桃花和雪山）可知，春季去雅鲁藏布江大峡谷游玩的特别之处是游客可以同时欣赏桃花和雪山。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Nanyi Valley中“Nanyigu scenic spt is 20 kilmeters away frm Milin cunty and is an imprtant birthplace f the mysterius Tibetan medicine culture.”（南驿沟风景区距米林县20公里，是神秘藏药文化的重要发源地）可知，Nanyi Valley适合愿意探索医药文化的人游览。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Here are sme f the best turist destinatins in Tibet which might suit yur discerning travel taste with the arrival f spring.”（随着春天的到来，这里有一些西藏最好的旅游目的地，可能会适合你挑剔的旅游品味）并结合下文对西藏不同景点的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了西藏一些著名的旅游景点，应选自旅游手册。故选A项。
B
Kawasaki disease (川崎病) is every parent’s nightmare. This rare illness causes inflammatin in bld vessels thrughut the bdy and is the leading cause f acquired heart disease in babies and yung children. Histrically, it’s been difficult t diagnse, until recently, when a yung inventr develped an app that can detect it.
Ellen Xu’s inventin scans a phtgraph f the child and lks fr telltale signs (表现) f Kawasaki disease such as rashes (疹子) and a swllen tngue. It’s a brilliant innvatin that likely wuldn’t have cme abut if it all weren’t s persnal.
When Xu, a San Dieg native, was 5 years ld, her parents rushed her kid sister t the hspital. Three-year-ld Kate had a fever, reddened eyes, a rash and swelling in her hands and tngue.
At first the puzzled dctrs guessed that she had influenza. But when her cnditin didn’t imprve, the Xus returned t the emergency rm, where Kate was diagnsed with Kawasaki disease and treated with intravenus immunglbulin, antibdies that help bst immunity. In time she shk ff the illness withut suffering damage t her heart, making her ne f the lucky nes.
Cut t a decade later: Ellen, needing a prject fr a high schl science fair, recalled her sister’s illness. “It was a puzzle I wanted t slve,” says Ellen, nw a student at Stanfrd. S she set ut t d just that. Using data, she devised an algrithm that can identify the physical symptms f Kawasaki disease frm a pht, which wrks similarly t apps that can identify birds and plants. The app is expected t appear sn n the Kawasaki Disease Fundatin’s website, kdfundatin.rg.
As fr Kate, Ellen says the little girl with the mysterius disease is nw a thriving high schl junir with dreams f becming an envirnmental engineer.
4. What can we learn abut Kawasaki disease frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. It ccurs if ne’s bld vessels are inflamed.
B. It can be cured by the new innvatin mentined.
C. It happens when ne experiences frightening dreams.
D. It shws symptms like areas f red spts n ne’s skin.
5. Why did Xu invent this app?
A. T address a difficult prblem.B. T save her kid sister.
C. T be a student at Stanfrd.D. T prmte a science fair.
6. What can be inferred abut Kate?
A. She is a girl full f passin.B. She is an envirnment enthusiast.
C. She appreciates her sister a lt.D. Her heart is in pr cnditin.
7. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. A hspital that fights a killer disease.B. A girl wh invents an app.
C. An app that detects a rare disease.D. A disease that is mysterius.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Ellen Xu基于妹妹得川崎病的经历十年后创造了一个应用程序，可以根据症状检测这种罕见的疾病。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ellen Xu’s inventin scans a phtgraph f the child and lks fr telltale signs (表现) f Kawasaki disease, such as rashes (疹子) and a swllen tngue.(Ellen Xu的发明扫描孩子的照片，寻找川崎病的迹象，比如皮疹和舌头肿胀)”可知，川崎病的症状包括皮肤上出现红点，故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“‘It was a puzzle I wanted t slve,’ says Ellen, nw a student at Stanfrd. S she set ut t d just that. Using data, she devised an algrithm that can identify the physical symptms f Kawasaki disease frm a pht, which wrks similarly t apps that can identify birds and plants.(‘这是一个我想解决的难题，’Ellen说，她现在是斯坦福大学的一名学生。于是她就开始这么做了。利用数据，她设计了一种算法，可以从照片中识别川崎病的身体症状，其工作原理类似于识别鸟类和植物的应用程序)”可知，Xu发明这款应用程序时为了解决一个难题，故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“As fr Kate, Ellen says the little girl with the mysterius disease is nw a thriving high schl junir with dreams f becming an envirnmental engineer.(至于Kate，Ellen说，这个患有神秘疾病的小女孩现在是一名茁壮成长的高中生，梦想成为一名环境工程师)”可知，Kate梦想成为一名环境工程师，由此推测她是一个环保爱好者，故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“This rare illness causes inflammatin in bld vessels thrughut the bdy and is the leading cause f acquired heart disease in babies and yung children. Histrically, it’s been difficult t diagnse, until recently, when a yung inventr develped an app that can detect it.(这种罕见的疾病会引起全身血管炎症，是婴幼儿获得性心脏病的主要原因。历史上看，它很难诊断，直到最近，一位年轻的发明家开发了一款可以检测它的应用程序)”可知，文章主要讲述Ellen Xu基于妹妹得川崎病的经历十年后创造了一个应用程序，可以根据症状检测这种罕见的疾病，C项“一款检测罕见疾病的应用程序”为最佳标题，故选C。
C
Peple with high levels f niacin, als knwn as vitamin B3, in their bld may be mre likely t have a heart attack r strke than thse with lwer levels. Excessive amunts f the vitamin, which is rutinely added t frtified fd and can be taken as a supplement, may inflame bld vessels.
Heart attacks and strke are leading causes f death wrldwide. While researchers have made significant strides ver the past few decades in discvering the risk factrs fr these cnditins, they haven’t identified them all.
In an effrt t fill these gaps, Stanley Hazen at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohi and his clleagues cllected bld samples frm 2331 adults in the US and 832 adults in Eurpe wh had elected t underg cardivascular screenings. The team analysed the samples fr substances called metablites, byprducts f metablic prcesses such as digestin. The researchers then tracked incidents f cardiac events, such as heart attacks and strkes, amng the participants ver three years.
They fund that peple with elevated levels f a metablite called 4PY, which nly arises when the bdy breaks dwn excess niacin, were arund 60 percent mre likely, n average, t experience such an event than thse with lwer levels. And it was fund in further experiment that 4PY causes bld vessel inflammatin, a majr cntributr t the develpment f heart disease, in rdents.
It isn’t uncmmn fr peple t have high niacin levels, Hazen says. This is partially due t certain fds, such as cereals and flurs, being rutinely frtified with the vitamin in cuntries that include the UK and the US. Niacin supplements are als increasingly ppular as evidence suggests they have anti-ageing benefits, says Hazen. Plus, it wasn’t until recently that dctrs stpped prescribing high-dse niacin t peple at risk f cardivascular disease, as it was initially thught the vitamin prtected peple frm these cnditins by lwering chlesterl.
“I think this study really shws that smetimes, when it cmes t vitamins, yu can have t much f a gd thing,” says Jenny Jia at Nrthwestern University in Chicag, Illinis. Hwever, this research was mainly cnducted in peple f Eurpean ancestry. It is therefre unclear if similar results wuld ccur in peple f different racial r ethnic backgrunds, says Jia.
8. What is presented in paragraph 3?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Research prcedures.
C. Practical examples.D. Histrical findings.
9. What des the underlined phrase “such an event” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. Increased 4PY.B. Extra niacin.
C Bld vessel inflammatin.D. Cardivascular diseases.
10. What might nt be the reasn fr peple t have high niacin levels?
A. Having niacin supplement is fashinable.B. Fd with niacin can rapid aging.
C. Certain vitamins are added t fds.D. Niacin was prescribed t peple.
11. What attitude might Jia have t the study?
A. Neutral.B. Supprtive.C. Indifferent.D. Dubtful.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于血液中烟酸含量高的人可能比含量低的人更容易患心脏病或中风的一项研究。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“In an effrt t fill these gaps, Stanley Hazen at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohi and his clleagues cllected bld samples frm 2331 adults in the US and 832 adults in Eurpe wh had elected t underg cardivascular screenings. The team analysed the samples fr substances called metablites, byprducts f metablic prcesses such as digestin. The researchers then tracked incidents f cardiac events, such as heart attacks and strkes, amng the participants ver three years. (为了填补这些空白，俄亥俄州克利夫兰诊所的Stanley Hazen和他的同事收集了2331名美国成年人和832名欧洲成年人的血液样本，这些成年人选择接受心血管筛查。研究小组分析了这些样本中被称为代谢物的物质，这是消化等代谢过程的副产品。然后，研究人员在三年的时间里追踪了参与者的心脏事件，比如心脏病发作和中风。)”可知，本段主要介绍了研究的程序步骤。故选B项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。划线词句前文“The researchers then tracked incidents f cardiac events, such as heart attacks and strkes, amng the participants ver three years. (然后，研究人员在三年的时间里追踪了参与者的心脏病事件，比如心脏病发作和中风。)”说明研究人员追踪了参与者的心脏病事件，从而推知划线词句“They fund that peple with elevated levels f a metablite called 4PY, which nly arises when the bdy breaks dwn excess niacin, were arund 60 percent mre likely, n average, t experience such an event than thse with lwer levels. (他们发现，一种叫做4PY的代谢物水平升高的人比那些水平较低的人平均有60%的可能性经历such an event。)”其中划线部分指的是“心血管疾病”。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“It isn’t uncmmn fr peple t have high niacin levels, Hazen says. This is partially due t certain fds, such as cereals and flurs, being rutinely frtified with the vitamin in cuntries that include the UK and the US. Niacin supplements are als increasingly ppular as evidence suggests they have anti-ageing benefits, says Hazen. Plus, it wasn’t until recently that dctrs stpped prescribing high-dse niacin t peple at risk f cardivascular disease, as it was initially thught the vitamin prtected peple frm these cnditins by lwering chlesterl. (Hazen说，人们体内烟酸含量高并不罕见。这在一定程度上是由于某些食物，如谷物和面粉，在包括英国和美国在内的国家经常添加维生素。Hazen说，烟酸补充剂也越来越受欢迎，因为有证据表明它们具有抗衰老的功效。此外，直到最近，医生才停止给有心血管疾病风险的人开大剂量的烟酸处方，因为人们最初认为维生素可以通过降低胆固醇来保护人们免受这些疾病的侵害。)”可知，人们烟酸水平高的原因有某些维生素被添加到食物中、服用烟酸补充剂是一种时尚以及烟酸是给人开的处方。原因中不包含B项，故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘I think this study really shws that smetimes, when it cmes t vitamins, yu can have t much f a gd thing,’ says Jenny Jia at Nrthwestern University in Chicag, Illinis. Hwever, this research was mainly cnducted in peple f Eurpean ancestry. It is therefre unclear if similar results wuld ccur in peple f different racial r ethnic backgrunds, says Jia. (伊利诺斯州芝加哥西北大学的Jenny Jia说：‘我认为这项研究确实表明，有时候，当谈到维生素时，你可能是当作好东西吃得太多了。’然而，这项研究主要是在欧洲血统的人身上进行的。因此，还不清楚不同种族或民族背景的人是否会出现类似的结果，Jia说。)”可知，Jia对这项研究的态度是没有倾向性的，中立的。故选A项。
D
The water systems within the wrld’s building and facilities are a majr surce f carbn and ther greenhuse gas emissins that cntribute t the glbal climate crisis, accrding t a new white paper released by WINT Water Intelligence.
While the availability f clean water has been recgnized as an urgent wrldwide cncern, carbn emissins assciated with the prductin, treatment, and distributin f clean water have ften been verlked. Highlighting the amplifying effect f waste and chrnic inefficiency — apprximately 25% f all water in the built envirnment is ultimately wasted, driving up water-related energy use and assciated greenhuse emissins, the paper “The Carbn Impact f Water” details the immediate and lng-term cnsequences f ur current water infrastructure.
Thugh greenhuse emissins vary based n the surce and distributin methd, the research finds that every cubic meter f water cnsumed generates 10.5 kg f carbn emissins, r 85 punds fr every 1,000 gallns. Fr sme lcal U. S. gvernments, where such infrmatin is readily available, water and wastewater can accunt fr 30-40% r mre f public energy cnsumptin. Mrever, ptable water ends up in sewage treatment prcesses that are nt nly energy-intensive but als release pwerful greenhuse gases such as nitrus xide and methane, which are many times mre ptent than carbn dixide.
Unfrtunately, inefficiencies are rampant in buildings. Apprximately 25% f the water in the built envirnment is ultimately wasted thrugh leaks, utdated technlgy, malfunctins, and human errr. As a simple example, a leaking tilet cntinuusly flws at 100-150 gallns per hur, wasting mre than 1 millin gallns a year and accunting fr sme 4.5 tns f greenhuse emissins — identical t the ttal annual emissins frm a passenger car. In facilities with multiple restrms, such as ffice buildings, sprts stadiums, and shpping malls, sme 2-3% f tilets typically leak at any pint in time, creating significant carbn and water ftprints.
Inefficient use f water is a significant surce f carbn and ther greenhuse emissins, but a few key actins, such as prper maintenance and installing advanced water intelligence slutins, mentined by the paper are highly effective ways f reducing waste, emissins, and verall envirnmental impact. And the paper cncludes it is ur generatin’s respnsibility t efficiently use the water we’ve been given and t identify and curtail the unnecessary, expensive, and envirnmentally irrespnsible waste f this precius resurce.
12. What is the paper mainly abut?
A. Shwing the influences f water infrastructure.
B. Giving guidance n hw t save water.
C. Slving the prblem f water wastage.
D. Prmting the use f water infrastructure.
13. Which f the fllwing statement is true accrding t paragraph 3 and paragraph 4?
A. The tilets in ffice buildings are all in gd cnditins.
B. Greenhuse gases will be created in sewage treatment.
C. Water and wastewater cause mst f the public energy cnsumptin.
D. A passenger car des mre harm than a leaking tilet in greenhuse emissins.
14. What techniques have been used t shw the findings?
A. Applying metaphrs and using puns.
B. Using qutatins and making cmparisns.
C Making assumptins and applying exaggeratin.
D. Using examples and listing figures.
15. Hw can peple deal with the prblems mentined accrding t the paper?
A. Using water nrmally.B. Uninstalling water intelligence.
C. Giving apprpriate cnservatin.D. Using water efficiently.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了WINT water Intelligence发布的一份新白皮书表明，全球建筑和设施内的水系统是造成全我们目前的水利基础设施加重了温室气体排放，对环境造成了巨大的影响。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Highlighting the amplifying effect f waste and chrnic inefficiency — apprximately 25% f all water in the built envirnment is ultimately wasted, driving up water-related energy use and assciated greenhuse emissins, the paper “The Carbn Impact f Water” details the immediate and lng-term cnsequences f ur current water infrastructure.”（强调浪费和长期低效率的放大效应——建筑环境中大约25%的水最终被浪费，推动了与水有关的能源使用和相关的温室气体排放，《水的碳影响》详细介绍了我们目前的水基础设施的直接和长期后果。）可知，该论文主要是介绍了关于水基础设施的影响。故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Mrever, ptable water ends up in sewage treatment prcesses that are nt nly energy-intensive but als release pwerful greenhuse gases such as nitrus xide and methane, which are many times mre ptent than carbn dixide.”（此外，饮用水最终会进入污水处理过程，这不仅是能源密集型的，而且会释放出强大的温室气体，如一氧化二氮和甲烷，其威力是二氧化碳的数倍。）可知，饮用水最终进入污水处理过程，会产生大量的温室气体。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句“Thugh greenhuse emissins vary based n the surce and distributin methd, the research finds that every cubic meter f water cnsumed generates 10.5kg f carbn emissins, r 85 punds fr every 1,000 gallns. Fr sme lcal U. S. gvernments, where such infrmatin is readily available, water and wastewater can accunt fr 30-40% r mre f public energy cnsumptin.”（虽然温室气体排放量因来源和分配方式的不同而有所不同，但研究发现，每消耗一立方米的水会产生10.5公斤的碳排放，或每1000加仑产生85磅的碳排放。对于美国一些地方政府来说，这些信息很容易获得，水和废水可能占公共能源消耗的30-40%或更多。）及第四段中“Apprximately 25% f the water in the built envirnment is ultimately wasted thrugh leaks, utdated technlgy, malfunctins, and human errr. As a simple example, a leaking tilet cntinuusly flws at 100-150 gallns per hur, wasting mre than 1 millin gallns a year and accunting fr sme 4.5 tns f greenhuse emissins — identical t the ttal annual emissins frm a passenger car. In facilities with multiple restrms, such as ffice buildings, sprts stadiums, and shpping malls, sme 2-3% f tilets typically leak at any pint in time, creating significant carbn and water ftprints.”（建筑环境中大约25%的水最终因泄漏、过时的技术、故障和人为错误而浪费掉。举个简单的例子，一个漏水的马桶每小时持续流出100-150加仑的水，每年浪费100多万加仑的水，排放约4.5吨温室气体——相当于一辆乘用车每年的总排放量。在有多个卫生间的设施中，如办公楼、体育场馆和购物中心，大约2-3%的厕所通常会在任何时间点漏水，造成大量的碳和水足迹。）可知，文章通过列举大量的数据和例子来说明水基础设施的影响。故选D项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“And the paper cncludes it is ur generatin’s respnsibility t efficiently use the water we’ve been given and t identify and curtail the unnecessary, expensive, and envirnmentally irrespnsible waste f this precius resurce.”（我们这一代人有责任有效地利用我们所拥有的水资源，并发现和减少对这一宝贵资源不必要的、昂贵的、对环境不负责任的浪费。）可知，我们应该提高水资源利用率，并减少浪费。故选D项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Push yurselves beynd the limits
Limits are blcks between yu and yur success. Yu will face great resistance when attempting t break thrugh the limits. It culd be fear, lack f cnfidence, physical disabilities, and mental blck. If yu desire a life f success, yu must face the resistance and push yurself beynd the limits. ____16____ Here are tips fr yu t succeed.
____17____ Dn’t wait fr external mtivatin t make the first mve. Discver yur inner mtivatin! It culd be a mtivatinal vide, articles, TED Talks, r qutes. Ensure it is smething that fills yu with passin and drive t get things dne. Inspiratin can push yu frward.
Take n a little mre than yu think yu can. Pushing past yur limits means taking n newer, harder challenges. If yu’re nt challenging yurself t d bigger and better things regularly, yu’re nly wrking within what yu already can d. ____18____
Wrk n yur gals a little each day. Chances are great that yu need t build yur empire brick by brick. That takes time and regular effrt. ____19____ That is, there is nt a day that yu dn’t wrk n yur big gals, at least a little bit. It can be fifteen minutes dedicated t ding ne small thing that will get yu clser t that big thing yu want t accmplish.
Find smene wh supprts yu and encurages yu t keep ging. ____20____ Having smene t supprt yu can balance ut the impact f any negative thinking that may limit yu. It culd be a life cach, friend, parent, r yur wife r husband. They can help yu make the push yu need t get ut f yur cmfrt zne.
A. Inspire yurself.
B. Rme wasn’t built in a day.
C. Discver where yur passin lies.
D. A bit f assistance means much in facing resistance.
E. One gd way is t adpt the apprach f “N Zer Days”.
F. Failure t d s will make yur gals and dreams unrealizable.
G. That’s a way t stay exactly where yu are and make little r n prgress.
【答案】16. F 17. A 18. G 19. E 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些方法能够帮助读者超越自己的极限，并最终取得成功。
【16题详解】
根据空前“If yu desire a life f success, yu must face the resistance and push yurself beynd the limits.(如果你渴望成功的生活，你必须面对阻力，推动自己超越极限。)”可知，如果想要成功，一个人就得超越极限。选项F“Failure t d s will make yur gals and dreams unrealizable.(如果做不到这一点，你的目标和梦想就无法实现。)”与上文内容一致，也就是说一个人只有超越极限才能成功。故选F。
【17题详解】
空处为段首句，为本段主旨句。根据下文“Dn’t wait fr external mtivatin t make the first mve. Discver yur inner mtivatin! It culd be a mtivatinal vide, articles, TED Talks, r qutes. Ensure it is smething that fills yu with passin and drive t get things dne. Inspiratin can push yu frward. (不要等到外界的激励，才主动出击。发现你内心的动力！可以是励志视频、文章、TED演讲或名言。确保它能让你充满激情，有动力把事情做好。灵感可以推动你前进。)”可知，本段主要建议读者要激励自己，以获得成功。选项A“Inspire yurself.(激励自己。)”与下文内容一致，可以作为主旨句。故选A。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Pushing past yur limits means taking n newer, harder challenges. If yu’re nt challenging yurself t d bigger and better things regularly, yu’re nly wrking within what yu already can d.(突破自己的极限意味着接受更新、更难的挑战。如果你不经常挑战自己去做更大更好的事情，你只是在你已经能做的范围内工作。)”可知，上文指出不挑战自己做更大更好的事情，你就不会有进步。选项G“That’s a way t stay exactly where yu are and make little r n prgress.(这是一种原地踏步，几乎没有进步的方法。)”是对上文内容的总结。故选G。
【19题详解】
根据下文“That is, there is nt a day that yu dn’t wrk n yur big gals, at least a little bit. It can be fifteen minutes dedicated t ding ne small thing that will get yu clser t that big thing yu want t accmplish.(也就是说，没有一天你不为你的大目标而努力，至少是一点点。你可以花15分钟做一件小事，让你更接近你想要完成的大事情。)”可知，空处指的是每天都要努力，哪怕只是一点点。选项E“One gd way is t adpt the apprach f “N Zer Days”.(一个好方法是采用“无零日”的方法。)”与下文内容一致，建议读者每天都要努力。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据下文“Having smene t supprt yu can balance ut the impact f any negative thinking that may limit yu. It culd be a life cach, friend, parent, r yur wife r husband. They can help yu make the push yu need t get ut f yur cmfrt zne.(有人支持你可以抵消任何可能限制你的消极思想的影响。可以是人生导师，朋友，父母，或者你的妻子或丈夫。他们可以帮助你走出你的舒适区。)”可知，作者认为在面对困难时，如果身边有人帮助你，你将会更好地前进。选项D“A bit f assistance means much in facing resistance.(在面对阻力时，一点帮助很重要。)”与下文内容一致。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I grew up n a university campus in eastern Nigeria.I was a(n) ____21____reader, and what I read were British and American children’s bks.I began t write when I was seven.I wrte exactly the kinds f stries I was reading: All my ____22____ were white and blue-eyed. They played in the snw. They ate apples, and they talked a lt abut the ____23____，hw lvely it was that the sun had ____24____.
What this demnstrates is hw ____25____we can be influenced by what we read, particularly as children. Because all I had read were freign bks, I had becme ____26____ that bks had t have ____27____ in them and had t be abut things with which I culd nt persnally identify.
Things ____28____ when I discvered African bks. There weren’t many f them available, and they weren’t quite as easy t ____29____ as the freign bks.
But _____30_____ writers like Chinua Achebe and Camara Laye I went thrugh a mental _____31_____in my view f literature.I _____32_____ that peple like me, girls with skin the clr f chclate,culd als _____33_____ in literature. I started t write abut things I recgnized. What the _____34_____ f African writers did fr me was this: It saved me frm having a _____35_____ stry f what bks are.
21. A. earlyB. aimlessC. carefulD. pr
22. A. instructrsB. neighbrsC. friendsD. characters
23. A. snwB. fruitsC. cuisineD. weather
24. A. disappearedB. setC. cme utD. gne dwn
25. A. brieflyB. regularlyC. scarcelyD. easily
26. A. cnvincedB. puzzledC. cncernedD. satisfied
27. A. heresB. freignersC. AfricansD. children
28. A. remainedB. changedC. wrsenedD. wrked
29. A. readB. understandC. findD. keep
30. A. in spite fB. n behalf fC. because fD. instead f
31. A. cnfusinB. shiftC. blckD. activity
32. A. realizedB. suspectedC. claimedD. frgt
33. A. takeB. existC. believeD. majr
34. A. discveryB. ppularityC. imaginatinD. analysis
35. A. classicB. remarkableC. whleD. single
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了阅读对作者写作产生的影响。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很早（小）的时候就开始阅读了，我读的是英国和美国的儿童书籍。A. early早的；B. aimless没有目标的；C. careful小心的，仔细的；D. pr贫穷的。根据“I began t write when I was seven.”可知，作者很早就开始阅读书籍了。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我写的正是我正在读的那种故事：我所有的角色都是白人和蓝眼睛。A. instructrs指导员；B. neighbrs邻居；C. friends朋友；D. characters性格，角色。根据“I wrte exactly the kinds f stries”可知，此处指作者书中的角色。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们吃着苹果，谈论着天气，说太阳出来了是多么美好。A. snw雪花；B. fruits水果；C. cuisine烹饪，菜肴；D. weather天气。根据“hw lvely it was that the sun had ____4____”可知，他们谈论天气。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词（短语）词义辨析。句意同上。A. disappeared消失；B. set设置；C. cme ut出来；D. gne dwn下降。根据“hw lvely it was”和“the sun”可知，太阳出来了。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这表明我们很容易受到我们所读到的东西的影响，尤其是作为孩子。A. briefly简短地；B. regularly有规律地；C. scarcely几乎不；D. easily容易地。根据上文“.I wrte exactly the kinds f stries I was reading: All my ____2____ were white and blue-eyed.”可知，我们很容易受到我们所读到的东西的影响。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为我读过的都是外国书，所以我开始相信，书里必须有外国人，必须是我个人无法认同的东西。A. cnvinced确信的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. cncerned担心的；D. satisfied满意的。根据“hw ____5____we can be influenced by what we read”可知，因为收到读过的书的影响，作者开始相信，书里必须有外国人。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. heres英雄；B. freigners外国人；C. Africans非洲人；D. children孩子。根据“Because all I had read were freign bks”可知，此处指书里必须有外国人。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我发现非洲书籍时，一切都变了。A. remained停留，剩余；B. changed改变；C. wrsened恶化；D. wrked工作。根据上文“had t be abut things with which I culd nt persnally identify.”和下文“I started t write abut things I recgnized.”可知，读到非洲书籍以后，作者的认知发生了变化。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些书的数量不多，而且不像外国书那么容易找到。A. read阅读；B. understand理解；C. find找到；D. keep保持。根据“There weren’t many f them available”可知，因为非洲书籍不多，所以不容易找到。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：但是因为像奇努阿·阿奇贝和卡马拉·雷这样的作家，我对文学的看法发生了心理上的转变。A. in spite f尽管；B. n behalf f代表；C. because f因为；D. instead f代替，而不是。根据“I went thrugh a mental ____11____in my view f literature.”可知，作者对文学的看法发生变化，是因为自己像奇努阿·阿奇贝和卡马拉·雷这样的作家（同是黑皮肤的非洲人）。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. cnfusin困惑；B. shift转移，转变；C. blck障碍，街区；D. activity活动。根据“Things ____8____ when I discvered African bks.”可知，非洲书籍的发现，让作者对文学的看法发生了心理上的转变。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我意识到，像我这样有着巧克力色皮肤的女孩，也可以存在于文学作品中。A. realized意识到；B. suspected怀疑；C. claimed声称；D. frgt忘记。根据“I went thrugh a mental ____11____in my view f literature.”可知，作者意识到有着巧克力色皮肤的女孩，也可以存在于文学作品中。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. take带走；B. exist存在；C. believe相信；D. majr主修。根据“that peple like me, girls with skin the clr f chclate”可知，作者意识到非洲女孩也可以出现在书籍中。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：非洲作家的发现对我的影响是这样的：它让我不再对书是什么有一个单一的认识。A. discvery发现；B. ppularity流行；C. imaginatin想象力；D. analysis分析。根据“writers like Chinua Achebe and Camara Laye”可知，此处表示非洲作家的发现。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. classic经典的；B. remarkable显著的；C. whle整个的；D. single单一的。根据“All my ____2____ were white and blue-eyed.”可知，受到非洲书籍的影响，作者故事中的角色不再单一的只是白种人。故选D。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is knwn as the hme f tea. Since ancient times, tea has penetrated Chinese culture, leaving its arma in petry, etiquette and custms. Many tea lvers enjy tea nt just fr its flavr, ____36____ fr the beauty f tea ceremnies.
Picking tea leaves ____37____ (be) an imprtant spring activity in the Yangtze River basin in Suth China. The earliest batch f tea is ften ready t be picked befre Qingming, which is bserved in early April ____38____ the temperature begins t rise and rainfall increases. This precius small utput f tea, widely____39____ (seek) after fr its utstanding quality, is called Mingqian tea.
East China’s Zhejiang prvince is acknwledged as a majr ____40____ (prduce) f tea. White Tea in Huzhu city’s Anji cunty and West Lake Lngjing Tea in Hangzhu are tw ____41____ (extreme) renwned teas in bth China and abrad. In spring, lcal hillsides are filled with tea wrkers ____42____ (sw) seeds n their land. In the peak seasns, many turists g t tea farms ____43____(witness) the beautiful scenery fr themselves, while enjying a freshly brewed cup f tea.
____44____(traditin) tea prcessing techniques and assciated scial practices in China ____45____ (add) t the Representative List f the Intangible Cultural Heritage f Humanity in 2022.
【答案】36. but 37. is
38. when 39. sught
40. prducer
41. extremely
42. swing 43. t witness
44. Traditinal
45. were added
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了中国的茶文化。
【36题详解】
考查连词。句意：许多爱茶的人喜欢茶不仅仅是因为它的味道，而是因为茶道的美丽。句型表示“不是……而是……”。故填but。
【37题详解】
考查时态、主谓一致。句意：摘茶叶是中国南方长江流域一项重要的春季活动。结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语Picking tea leaves视为第三人称单数，故系动词用is。故填is。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：最早的一批茶叶通常在清明之前准备好采摘，清明是在四月初，气温开始上升，降雨量增加。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是April，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这种产量很少的珍贵茶叶，因其卓越的品质而广受欢迎，被称为名前茶。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，seek“寻找”与主语This precius small utput f tea之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填sught。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：中国东部的浙江省被认为是茶叶的主要生产商。空处用名词prducer“生产商”，结合空前的a可知，用单数形式，作宾语。故填prducer。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：湖州市安吉县的白茶和杭州的西湖龙井茶是两种在中国和国外都非常有名的茶。空处用副词extremely“非常”，作状语，修饰renwned。故填extremely。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：春天，当地的山坡上挤满了茶农，他们在地上播种。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语补足语，使用非谓语动词，sw“播种”与主语tea wrkers之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词。故填swing。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在旺季，许多游客会去茶园，一边品尝新鲜沏好的茶，一边亲眼目睹美丽的风景。本句谓语为g，此处为非谓语动词，且turists与witness“当场看到，目击”为主动关系，应用不定式的主动形式，作目的状语。故填t witness。
44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：2022年，中国传统茶叶加工技术及相关社会实践被列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。空处用形容词traditinal“传统的”，作定语，修饰tea prcessing techniques，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Traditinal。
【45题详解】
考查动词语态、主谓一致。句意：2022年，中国传统茶叶加工技术及相关社会实践被列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。结合时间状语in 2022可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，且主语Traditinal tea prcessing techniques and assciated scial practices in China与add“添加”为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were added。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假如你是李华，湖南省非物质文化遗产传承人Ms Liu将在开学之际为你校国际生亲授以“指尖上的非遗——剪纸”为主题的开学第一课。请你作为学生会代表，写一则通知发到国际生交流群中，让更多国际生知晓此事，参与到本次活动中来。内容包括：
1.专家介绍：2.课程安排。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Ntice
Paper-cutting is ne f the mst ppular traditinal flk arts in China. Ms. Liu, the inheritr f Hunan Prvince’s intangible cultural heritage, is a famus paper-cutting master. At the beginning f the semester, she will persnally teach the first lessn f the semester with the theme f “intangible cultural heritage n the fingertips — paper-cutting” fr the internatinal students f ur schl. It will be held n Friday 23 April frm 2pm t 4pm in the schl auditrium. Thrugh this class, yu will have a deeper understanding f Chinese culture.
Hpe yu will attend n time and enjy yurself.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。湖南省非物质文化遗产传承人刘女士将在开学之际为你校国际生亲授以“指尖上的非遗——剪纸”为主题的开学第一课，要求考生作为学生会代表，写一则通知发到国际生交流群中，让更多国际生知晓此事，参与到本次活动中来。
【详解】1.词汇积累
著名的：famus → well-knwn
大师：master → virtus
亲自：persnally → in persn
主题：theme → subject
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Ms. Liu, the inheritr f Hunan Prvince’s intangible cultural heritage, is a famus paper-cutting master.
拓展句：Ms. Liu, wh is the inheritr f Hunan Prvince’s intangible cultural heritage, is a famus paper-cutting master.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It will be held n Friday 23 April frm 2pm t 4pm in the schl auditrium. (运用了一般将来时的被动语态)
【高分句型2】Hpe yu will attend n time and enjy yurself. (运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Sck-eater ants are made-up animals with the best intentin ever.
“Ow!Ow!” I shuted as I brke my jump rpe rhythm and trapped my feet in the lse rpe. “Smething in my she is biting me,” I screamed. My teacher, Miss Bell, heard me and hurried ver. “Which ft is it?” she asked. I stuck up my right ft as she bent ver t inspect it. Just then, feeling a new sting, I yelped in pain. “Here. Let’s take ff yur she.” Instructed Miss Bell, squatting dwn t get the she.
Then, I remembered the hles in my scks. Welfare scks didn’t last lng. Hles in scks were cmmn fr ur family in the years fllwing the Great Depressin. Scks with hles in the heels ften gt pulled dwn s the hle wuldn’t shw. Where there was a hle, there wuld sn be a blister. Every week as she washed ur clthes, Mama wuld say, “Even if we’re pr and ur clthes are wrn ut, we can still be clean.”
I refused t let Miss Bell take ff my she. I culd nt bear fr her and the thers n the playgrund t see the hle in my faded red sck. “Cme n, then. Let’s g inside t the ffice.” I did my best t hld back my tears. Yet, each time the thing in my she stung me, I wuld let ut alud, “Oh, h, h!” Tears raced dwn my twisted face.
Miss Bell lifted me nt the desk and tried again. “Let me take a lk.”She just abut had the she ff when I saw the hle. I grabbed the she and pulled n and held it. The stinging wrsened the tighter I grabbed the she. Miss Wmble, the fifth-grade teacher,came int the ffice. “Can I help? I knw her. She lives next dr t me.” “I guess ants are stinging her right ft, but she wn’t let me take ff her she,” said Miss Bell.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Miss Wmble put bth hands n my shaking shulders and lked int my upset, red eyes.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Dealing with the angry bites gently, Miss Wmble lifted her head and smiled at me.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Miss Wmble put bth hands n my shaking shulders and lked int my upset, red eyes. Lking at me gently, she tld me nt t be shy and asked whether I had any prblems. I felt embarrassed and didn’t knw hw t answer her. The mre she wanted t take ff my she, the mre I wanted t avid her. After talking t my teacher fr a while, Miss Wmble seemed t see my secrets. She smiled at me and prmised that she wuld keep my secret, which was a great relief fr me and I agreed t take ff my shes.
Pretending t deal with the angry bites gently, Miss Wmble lifted her head and smiled at me. I was mved by her sweet smile and thanked her frm the bttm f my heart. She hugged me and whispered in my ear, “Dear girl, be cnfident and dn’t be shy. Yu are a gd girl wh deserves t be praised.” Miss Wmble als tld me stries abut her childhd, which gave me a lt f curage t face difficulties in my daily life. What impressed me mst was that a small act f kindness can make a big difference. Hence, I will never frget what Miss Wmble did fr me and I will pass the kindness n.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在操场上玩耍时，被跳绳绊到。但由于自己的袜子破了个洞，作者不好意思直接脱鞋，便被老师带到办公室，一直拒绝老师查看是否被蚂蚁咬，后来Miss Wmble过来询问原因并试图给予帮助。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Miss Wmble双手搭在我颤抖的肩膀上，看着我心烦意乱的样子。”可知，第一段可描写Miss Wmble想帮助作者，让作者心情平复下来并同意脱下鞋。
②由第二段首句内容“Miss Wmble温和地处理着愤怒的咬伤，抬起头对我微笑。”可知，第二段可描写Miss Wmble帮助作者处理了脚上的咬伤，其表现出来的善意让作者感动。
2.续写线索：安抚作者——取得信任——作者同意脱下鞋——假装处理脚上的蚂蚁咬伤——感谢Wmble老师——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①温柔地看着我：Lking at me gently / Lking at me tenderly
②面对困难：face difficulties/in the face f difficulties/meet challenges
③有很大影响：make a big difference /have a great influence /have a great impact
情绪类
①.感动的：mved/tuched
②感谢：thank/appreciate/gratitude
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Lking at me gently, she tld me nt t be shy and asked whether I had any prblems.（由连接词whether引导的宾语从句作ask的宾语）
[高分句型2]. She smiled at me and prmised that she wuld keep my secret, which was a great relief fr me and I agreed t take ff my shes.（由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型3]. Yu are a gd girl wh deserves t be praised.（由关系代词wh引导的限制性定语从句）
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