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    2022-2023学年陕西省榆林市“府、米、绥、横、靖”五校高二(下)期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析)

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    这是一份2022-2023学年陕西省榆林市“府、米、绥、横、靖”五校高二(下)期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析),共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解,阅读七选五,完形填空,语法填空,短文改错,书面表达等内容,欢迎下载使用。

    一、阅读理解:本大题共15小题,共30分。
    A
    Tp Places t Visit in the Wrld
    Bra Bra Island
    Bra Bra Island is knwn fr its expensive stays and adventurus activities.The htels in Bra Bra ffer full privacy and their flating villas(别墅) have direct entrance t the sea.May t Octber is the time when the island receives a lt f turists.But the best time t g t Bra Bra is Nvember t April.During this time yu can skip the crwd and get the perfect weather.
    Bali Island
    Bali is an Indnesian island and knwn fr its vlcanic muntains.It's very distinctive in terms f histry and culture.Fr its beauty,it has a lt f names,such as Island f Gds,The Last Paradise,Land f Thusand Temples and Mrning f the Wrld.Bali has wrld-class surfing and diving places.April t June and September t Octber alng with Christmas & .New Year are the best time t visit Bali.
    Bryce Canyn Natinal Park
    Bryce Canyn Natinal Park is an American natinal park lcated in suthwestern Utah.This place is knwn fr layered red and range rcks which are gelgical(地质的) structures and make this place a famus ne with mre than 2 millin peple visiting it every year.May t September is cnsidered the best time t visit Bryce Canyn Natinal park.
    Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
    One f the mst remarkable Australian natural gifts is the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.The feature f this place is"richness"and"beauty".This place is blessed with the breathtaking beauty f the wrld's largest cral reef.The water is clear there,which allws yu t take a deep dive.The best time t visit the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is between June and Octber.Visiting is nt allwed in April.
    1.What is the best time t g t Bra Bra Island if yu want t avid the crwd? ______
    A. March.B. June.C. August.D. September.
    2.Which place is famus fr its rcks with gelgical structures? ______
    A. The Bali Island.
    B. The Bryce Canyn Natinal Park.
    C. The Bra Bra Island.
    D. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.
    3.What d Bali Island and Great Barrier Reef Marine Park,have in cmmn? ______
    A. They have the largest cral reef.B. They can be visited in April.
    C. They ffer diving places.D. They feature histry and culture.
    B
    After Walter Elias Disney finished his vlunteer service at the Red Crss,his brther,Ry,gt him a jb at the Pesmen-Rubin Art Studi,where he met his lifelng friend Ub Iwerks.Disney and Ub Iwerks sn set up their wn cmpany,but hardly made enugh mney t get by.The business went int failure in just ne mnth.Then due t a variety f reasns,Disney's secnd business failed again.He had nwhere t live,a little mney fr fd.
    These didn't discurage Disney.At 22,he went t Hllywd.There he started Disney Brthers Studi with his brther Ry and came up with Oswald the Lucky Rabbit which was well received.Hwever,the t his wn characters was stlen.Disney knew he extremely needed a new idea.Then the idea f a muse called Mrtimer came t his mind.The name eventually changed t Mickey Muse thanks t the insistence f his wife.
    Hwever,the first tw Mickey Muse Series-Plane Crazy and Gallpin Gauch-didn't attract lts f audiences.But Disney never gave up.He added synchrnized (同步的) sund and created a third shrt film Steambat Willie,which became an instant hit.
    In 1934,Disney started t wrk n anther new idea:a cartn that ran the length f a lng film.Everyne said it was a bad idea.The banker tld him he wuld be risking everything he had n this ne film but Disney believed in his visin.The film tk 3 lng years t make and cst arund ﹩25 millin.
    His effrt paid ff.Once Snw White and the Seven Dwarves was released,it was viewed as a masterpiece.The film became the mst successful ne f that year.He earned ﹩134 millin.
    4.What des the first paragraph mainly tell us abut Disney? ______
    A. His experience at the Red Crss.
    B. The early life with his brther.
    C. His failure f starting businesses.
    D. The friendship with his partner.
    5.What can we learn abut Disney's creatins? ______
    A. Mickey Muse didn't succeed at the start.
    B. The idea f muse Mrtimer wasn't a new ne.
    C. Oswald the Lucky Rabbit wn a famus award.
    D. Steambat Willie was actually a silent shrt film.
    6.Why is the film's cst mentined in paragraph 4? ______
    A. T prve peple at that time lived a rich life.
    B. T explain the film industry was very prfitable.
    C. T tell film makers shuld fllw Disney's steps.
    D. T shw Disney put much effrt int the film.
    7.What des Walter Elias Disney's success shw? ______
    A. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
    B. Opprtunities cme t thse wh are prepared.
    C. Time flies like an arrw and time lst never returns.
    D. Great wrks are perfrmed nt by strength,but determinatin.
    C
    On Mnday,August 21,millins f Americans acrss the cuntry wre their prtective eyeglasses t watch the highly expected ttal slar eclipse(日全食).Thugh eclipses,which ccur abut every 18 mnths,are nt rare,this ne was histric.It was nt nly the first ttal slar eclipse visible frm the mainland US in mre than 38 years,but als the first t be seen cast t cast in almst a century.
    The crwds were thrilled as the mn briefly blcked the sun,cvering cities all the way frm Oregn t Suth Carlina with darkness.Many peple felt cld as the temperature drpped dramatically,by up t 12 degrees Fahrenheit,during ttality.Thse frtunate enugh t have clear skies nt nly saw the crna(日冕),the sun's uter atmsphere,which is usually nt visible in the sun's glare,but als the bright stars and planets.
    Unfrtunately,the weather was nt cperative everywhere.The crwds wh gathered in Charlestn,Suth Carlina,the last big city in the path f ttality,had t struggle against a thick clud cver when the partial eclipse began at l:17 pm.It did thin ut a little as ttality tk place at 2:46 pm,allwing fr a gd view f the eclipse,but nt the sun's crna!Hwever,sme spectacular flashes f lightning that ccurred just as the mn cvered the sun helped ease the disappintment smewhat.
    The rare event,believed t be the mst bserved and mst phtgraphed eclipse in histry,was a huge success.As Bill Nyer"the Science Guy"briefly put it,"Experiencing an eclipse changes the way we feel abut space and hw we are cnnected.This mment will remind us all that we share a cmmn rigin amng the stars and that we are all citizens f the same planet."
    8.What can we knw abut the ttal slar eclipse? ______
    A. Peple in Oregn were unable t see it.
    B. Many Americans lked frward t it.
    C. The temperature n that day went higher.
    D. It last ccurred in America 100 years ag.
    9.What did the peple in Charlestn fail t see? ______
    A. The mn.B. The crna.
    C. A thick clud cver.D. Flashes f lightning.
    10.What des Bill Nye think f the event? ______
    A. Disappinting.B. Dangerus.C. Bring.D. Meaningful.
    11.Where is the text mst prbably taken frm? ______
    A. A weather reprt.B. A travel magazine.
    C. A news reprt.D. A sightseeing guidebk.
    D
    What wuld yu say if yu had t eat n fd fr a whle seasn?It sunds:like a cnundrum fr humans,but grund squirrels,a cmmn species frm Nrth America,hwever,achieve this very easily every winter.A new discvery has revealed why,and the finding can really help astrnauts with their physical health during lng missins.
    Lng perids f inactivity are knwn t lead t muscle wastage in mst animal species.But fr hibernating (冬眠) animals,things happen in a different way.Nt nly can they survive withut eating,but they als use minimal levels f energy while preserving their muscle mass and functin during and after the whle winter.
    It was Matthew Regan,an animal physilgist frm the University f Mntreal,wh discvered why.In his research published in Science,he cnfirms a thery frm the 1980s called"urea nitrgen salvage"(尿素氮回收)thrugh the study f grund squirrels.
    Accrding t the thery,the gut micrbes(肠道细菌) frm these cute hibernatrs can recycle the nitrgen in urea and reuse it t build new prteins.In shrt,they can take advantage f waste,and turn it int smething vital.
    "Urea nitrgen salvage may help with the hibernating squirrels' muscle functin and cntribute t their reprductive success during the mating seasn," Regan said. "This way,when squirrels recver frm hibernatin,they are in gd shape t deal with the intense physical activity that a successful reprductin demands."
    Regan's findings culd have a meaningful impact n the future f space travel.Accrding t the researcher,if astrnauts manage t cpy the salvaging f urea nitrgen,they will be able t prevent muscle lss,a cmmn issue amng space travelers.
    "Because we knw which muscle prteins are prevented during spaceflight,we can cmpare these prteins with thse that are enhanced by urea nitrgen salvage during hibernatin," Regan said.The researcher cntinued,"If there are the same parts between the prteins in spaceflight and the nes frm hibernatin,then it suggests astrnauts can gain health benefits by learning this prcess."
    12.What des the wrd"cnundrum"underlined in the first paragraph prbably mean? ______
    A. Difficult prblem.B. Funny fact.
    C. Daily rutine.D. Simple task.
    13.Which paragraph tells the benefits f urea nitrgen salvage fr grund squirrels? ______
    A. Paragraph 1.B. Paragraph 2.C. Paragraph 3.D. Paragraph 5.
    14.Regan's findings may help astrnauts deal with ______ .
    A. eating disrdersB. muscle lss
    C. sleeping issuesD. prtein identificatin
    15.What is the best title fr the text? ______
    A. Hw D Hibernatrs Survive in Cld Winter?
    B. Why Are Astrnauts Faced With Muscle Lss?
    C. What Can Grund Squirrels Teach Astrnauts?
    D. Can Humans Survive Withut Eating in Space?
    二、阅读七选五:本大题共5小题,共10分。
    Hw t Study Effectively
    With pressure and cmpetitin rising in educatin,students nwadays are eager t find the best methds r tls t imprve their academic scres.S,questins like "What is the best study methd?" r "Hw can I learn knwledge faster?" arise in their minds.(1) ______ .
    Play the rle f a teacher
    A useful way t remember lessns is t explain them alud t yurself.Once yu learn a study material,try t explain it t yurself r yur friends as yur teachers explain it t yu.This will help yu t clear yur cnfusin related t the lessn.(2) ______ .This will nt nly help the details stick in yur mind but help yu t be well prepared fr yur exams.
    ( 3) ______
    Many students face a challenge like "Why can't I remember what I've studied?"(4) ______ .A tired brain is a barrier t learning.Exercise befre studying helps t lift yur md.In fact,physical activity helps wake yu up s yu feel ready when yu sit dwn with yur bks.
    Absrb infrmatin in smaller chunks (块)
    ( 5) ______ : Yu divide the 11 numbers int three smaller grups.It's easier t get these three chunks t stick in yur mind than it is t remember the whle thing as a single string f infrmatin.Yu can use this strategy when studying by breaking a list dwn int smaller parts.Wrk n memrizing each part as its wn grup.
    Last but nt the least,these tips n hw t study effectively can nly wrk if there is enugh mtivatin and willpwer t d well.Yu have t mtivate yurself t reach the study gals.
    A.Wrk ut befre studying
    B.Yu can call yur parents fr help
    C.Start with yur tughest assignments
    D.It has a lt t d with the brain getting t tired
    E.Think abut hw yu memrize a phne number
    F.The fllwing are sme f the best tips n hw t study effectively
    G.Als,yu can ask yurself questins just like yur teachers wuld ask yu
    16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
    17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
    18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
    19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
    20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
    三、完形填空:本大题共20小题,共30分。
    阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
    There are always accidents in life.Everyne may (1) ______ difficulties that can affect us very deeply.Mine was when my yungest brther gt sick with a (2) ______ disease.We were tld he wuld die in a few mnths.I was s (3) ______ that I ate excessively(过多地) as relief frm the sadness,and I had (4) ______ almst 50 punds in a shrt perid f time.My fitness level had (5) ______ .
    Hwever,after six mnths,my brther began t heal and regain his full strength. (6) ______ , I set new gals t change my lifestyle and saw if healthy living wuld make any (7) ______ .
    I had t establish a (8) ______ abut hw t make myself becme healthier.I fund tw surces that culd help me.One,I started t (9) ______ men's health magazines,and adjusted their (10) ______ t my persnal life.Anther (11) ______ was Abs Diet,a bk which included simple and new tips n eating.
    I cut back n the fatty and sugary junk fd and started t(12) ______ what was recmmended in bks including lean meats,fruits,vegetables and whle grains.I had t(13) ______ myself t eat them ften in rder t have a balanced diet.I als bught a treadmill(跑步机),s I culd (14) ______ at hme.This prcess helped t (15) ______ my metablic(新陈代谢的)rate.Als,I knew that I wanted t build up my muscles. (16) ______ ,there was a gym nearby.The (17) ______ became my secnd hme.I tried t g there 4 times a week and managed t burn fat as efficiently as pssible.Althugh I always felt tired after (18) ______ , I was satisfied with the feeling f(19) ______ .
    In sum,if there is a will,there is everything.I will (20) ______ leading a healthy life fr the rest f my life.
    21.A. thrw awayB. g thrughC. depend nD. adapt t
    22.A. cmmnB. similarC. curableD. rare
    23.A. sadB. mvedC. happyD. annyed
    24.A. keptB. gainedC. restredD. lst
    25.A. imprvedB. existedC. brkenD. drpped
    26.A. HweverB. OtherwiseC. TherefreD. Anyway
    27.A. differenceB. mistakeC. messD. damage
    28.A. relatinshipB. businessC. rutineD. cmpany
    29.A. writeB. designC. readD. sell
    30.A. tipsB. interestsC. rdersD. pictures
    31.A. trubleB. trendC. galD. surce
    32.A. refuseB. submitC. fllwD. create
    33.A. allwB. frceC. adviseD. expect
    34.A. studyB. jumpC. advertiseD. exercise
    35.A. slwB. increaseC. wasteD. dminate
    36.A. LuckilyB. InstantlyC. UnfrtunatelyD. Obviusly
    37.A. playgrundB. fficeC. gymD. hspital
    38.A. cming utB. wrking utC. setting utD. hanging ut
    39.A. achievementB. cnfusinC. humrD. liberatin
    40.A. startB. imagineC. frgetD. cntinue
    四、语法填空:本大题共1小题,共15分。
    41.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    The Duble Ninth Festival,als knwn as Chngyang Festival,( 1) ______ (take) place n the ninth day f the ninth lunar mnth.On this day,peple hld many activities,such as enjying the chrysanthemum(菊花),inserting Zhuyu,and (2) ______ (drink) chrysanthemum wine.Als,a stry abut the(3) ______ (traditin) festival is ften tld.
    During the East Han Dynasty,there was a devil f the plague(瘟魔) in the Ruhe River.Once it shwed up,peple gt sick and even died.Peple living arund the Ruhe River suffered a lt because (4) ______ the disease caused by the devil.
    There lived a man named Huan Jing. (5) ______ (he) parents died frm the plague and he almst died.After he recvered,Huan Jing decided t learn magic arts and kill the devil.Huan Jing heard that there lived an immrtal (神仙) in the eastern area.He tk a lng jurney and(6) ______ (final) fund the immrtal.The immrtal heard the man's stry and (7) ______ (mve) by his determinatin,s the immrtal agreed t teach him(8) ______ t kill the devil.
    One day,the immrtal tld Huan Jing the devil wuld shw up again n the ninth day f the ninth mnth,and he asked Huan Jing t g back (9) ______ (fight) against it.When Huan Jing went back,he tld the villagers t g t a muntain and sent everyne a Zhuyu leaf and a glass f chrysanthemum wine.When the devil emerged,it gt dizzy frm the scent f the Zhuyu and the chrysanthemum.At that time,Huan Jing tk the swrd(10) ______ killed the devil.
    (1)
    (2)
    (3)
    (4)
    (5)
    (6)
    (7)
    (8)
    (9)
    (10)
    五、短文改错:本大题共1小题,共10分。
    42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
    增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
    删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
    修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
    注意:
    (1)每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
    (2)只允许修改 10 处,多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。
    Yesterday mrning,I participated n a schl activity wh theme fcused n "Green Travel Starts Frm Me".Abut 100 students and teachers gather at the schl gate at 8:00 and we set ut ten minute later t cycle arund the city.It tk us ver tw hurs finish the 20-kilmeter ride.Tiring as we were,we felt prud f us.
    It was the first time that I had been cvered such a lng distance by bike.I believe an activity is f great value as it reminds us that everyne can make a difference t the prtect f Earth by traveling in a green way.
    六、书面表达:本大题共1小题,共25分。
    43.假定你是李华,最近,你在英语学习上遇到一些困难.请给你的英国朋友Alex 写一封邮件,向他求助.内容包括:
    1.你的困难;
    2.寻求帮助.
    注意:
    1.词数80左右;
    2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯.
    答案和解析
    1~3.【答案】A、B、C
    【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据Bra Bra Island介绍部分But the best time t g t Bra Bra is Nvember t April.During this time yu can skip the crwd and get the perfect weather.(但去波拉波拉的最佳时间是11月至4月。在这段时间里,你可以跳过人群,享受完美的天气。)可知,在三月份去Bra Bra Island可以避开旅游高峰期,故选A。
    (2)细节理解题。根据 Bryce Canyn Natinal Park介绍部分This place is knwn fr layered red and range rcks which are gelgical(地质的) structures and make this place a famus ne with mre than 2 millin peple visiting it every year.(这个地方以红色和橙色的层状岩石而闻名,使这个地方成为一个著名的地方,每年有200多万人参观。)可知,游客可以在Bryce Canyn Natinal Park 欣赏红橙相间的层状岩体,故选B。
    (3)推理判断题。根据 Bal i Island介绍部分Bali has wrld-class surfing and diving places.(巴厘岛有世界级的冲浪和潜水场所。)和 Great Barrier Reef Marine Park介绍部分The water is clear there,which allws yu t take a deep dive.(那里的水很清澈,可以让你潜水。)可知,这两个地方都有潜水的地方,故选C。
    本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了世界上一些最值得游览的地方。
    做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据。
    4~7.【答案】C、A、D、D
    【解析】(1)段落大意题。根据第一段After Walter Elias Disney finished his vlunteer service at the Red Crss,his brther,Ry,gt him a jb at the Pesmen-Rubin Art Studi,where he met his lifelng friend Ub Iwerks.Disney and Ub Iwerks sn set up their wn cmpany,but hardly made enugh mney t get by.The business went int failure in just ne mnth.Then due t a variety f reasns,Disney's secnd business failed again.He had nwhere t live,a little mney fr fd.(沃尔特•伊莱亚斯•迪斯尼在红十字会结束志愿服务后,他的兄弟罗伊为他在佩斯曼-鲁宾艺术工作室找到了一份工作,在那里他遇到了一生的朋友乌布•伊沃克斯。迪士尼和乌布•伊沃克斯很快成立了自己的公司,但几乎没有赚到足够的钱来维持生活。这家公司不到一个月就倒闭了。然后由于种种原因,迪士尼的第二次创业再次失败。他没有地方住,只有一点吃的钱。)可知,迪士尼和乌布•伊沃克斯的公司倒闭了,迪士尼二次创业失败,所以该段主要介绍了迪士尼早期创业的失败经历。故选C。
    (2)推理判断题。根据第三段Hwever,the first tw Mickey Muse Series-Plane Crazy and Gallpin Gauch-didn't attract lts f audiences.But Disney never gave up.He added synchrnized sund and created a third shrt film Steambat Willie,which became an instant hit.(然而,前两个米老鼠系列——疯狂的飞机和Gallpin gauch——并没有吸引很多观众。但迪士尼没有放弃。他添加了同步声音,并制作了第三部短片《汽船威利》,这部短片一炮而红)可知,前两个米老鼠系列短剧并没有引起观众的好评,由此可推断,米老鼠作品最初反响平平。故选A。
    (3)推理判断题。根据第四段中The banker tld him he wuld be risking everything he had n this ne film but Disney believed in his visin.The film tk 3 lng years t make and cst arund ﹩25 millin.(这个银行家告诉他,他将在这部电影上赌上他的一切,但迪士尼相信他的远见卓识。这部电影花了3年时间制作,耗资约2500万美元)可知,这部电影耗时长,耗资巨大。由此可推断,该段提到电影的花费是为了说明迪士尼在这部电影上投入了大量心血和努力。故选D。
    (4)推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是最后一段中His effrt paid ff.Once Snw White and the Seven Dwarves was released,it was viewed as a masterpiece.The film became the mst successful ne f that year.He earned ﹩134 millin.(他的努力得到了回报。《白雪公主和七个小矮人》一上映,就被视为一部杰作。这部电影成为当年最成功的电影。他赚了1.34亿美元)可知,文章讲述了迪士尼的创业经历,尽管初期经历了许多失败,但迪士尼并没有放弃,反而投入大量的心血和努力,最终获得了回报,坚定的决心铸就了迪士尼的成功。因此推断,迪斯尼的成功表明伟大的事业不在于实力,而在于决心。故选D。
    本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了迪士尼的创业经历,尽管初期经历了许多失败,迪士尼不放弃,投入大量的心血和努力,最终获得了回报,取得了成功。
    阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。
    8~11.【答案】B、B、D、C
    【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据第一段On Mnday,August 21,millins f Americans acrss the cuntry wre their prtective eyeglasses t watch the highly expected ttal slar eclipse(日全食).(8月21日,星期一,全国数百万美国人戴上防护眼镜观看备受期待的日全食。)可知,许多美国人都期望观看日全食。故选B。
    (2)细节理解题。根据第三段The crwds wh gathered in Charlestn,Suth Carlina,the last big city in the path f ttality,had t struggle against a thick clud cver when the partial eclipse began at 1:17 pm.It did thin ut a little as ttality tk place at 2:46 pm,allwing fr a gd view f the eclipse,but nt the sun's crna!(当日偏食在下午1点17分开始时,聚集在南卡罗莱纳州查尔斯顿(全食路径上的最后一个大城市)的人群不得不与厚厚的云层作斗争。日全食发生在下午2点46分,日全食确实变薄了一点,可以很好地看到日食,但是看不到日冕!)可知,在 Charlestn的人们没有看到日冕。故选B。
    (3)观点态度题。根据最后一段The rare event,believed t be the mst bserved and mst phtgraphed eclipse in histry,was a huge success.As Bill Nyer"the Science Guy"briefly put it,"Experiencing an eclipse changes the way we feel abut space and hw we are cnnected.This mment will remind us all that we share a cmmn rigin amng the stars and that we are all citizens f the same planet."(这一罕见的事件被认为是历史上观测最多、拍摄最多的日食,取得了巨大的成功。正如"科学人"比尔•尼尔简单地说,"经历一次日食改变了我们对空间的感觉和我们的联系方式。这一时刻将提醒我们所有人,我们拥有共同的星球起源,我们都是同一个星球的公民。")可知,Bill Nye认为观看日全食能改变人们对太空的看法,使人们能对共同生活在地球上这一事实达到更高的认识。由此可推断,Bill Nye认为观看日全食是有意义的。A.Disappinting.令人失望的;B.Dangerus.危险的;C.Bring.无聊的;D.Meaningful.有意义的。故选D。
    (4)文章出处题。通读全文可知,本文主要报道了美国民众观看日全食的相关情况。故本文最有可能出自"新闻报道"。A.A weather reprt.天气预报;B.A travel magazine.一本旅游杂志;C.A news reprt.新闻报道;D.A sightseeing guidebk.观光指南。故选C。
    这篇短文主要讲述了美国人民观看历史性的日全食的情况。这次日全食不仅是38年来美国大陆可见的第一次,也是近一个世纪来首次从海岸到海岸可见的。人们在观看过程中感到兴奋,当月亮短暂地遮挡住太阳时,从俄勒冈到南卡罗来纳的城市都被黑暗覆盖。不幸的是,天气并不在所有地方都配合,南卡罗来纳的查尔斯顿市的人群在日偏食开始时不得不与浓密的云层作斗争。然而,这次罕见的日全食被认为是历史上观察和拍摄最多的一次,被认为是巨大的成功。
    一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
    阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
    二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
    首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
    三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
    在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
    四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
    猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
    12~15.【答案】A、D、B、C
    【解析】(1)词义猜测题。根据划线词后but grund squirrels,a cmmn species frm Nrth America,hwever,achieve this very easily every winter.(然而,北美常见的地松鼠在每个冬天都很容易做到这一点。)可推断对人类来说是一个难题,因此划线词的意思为"难题"。A.Difficult prblem.难题;B.Funny fact.有趣的事实;C.Daily rutine.日常事务;D.Simple task.简单的任务。故选A。
    (2)细节理解题。根据第五段"Urea nitrgen salvage may help with the hibernating squirrels' muscle functin and cntribute t their reprductive success during the mating seasn," Regan said. "This way,when squirrels recver frm hibernatin,they are in gd shape t deal with the intense physical activity that a successful reprductin demands."("尿素氮回收可能有助于冬眠松鼠的肌肉功能,并有助于它们在交配季节的繁殖成功,"里根说这样,当松鼠从冬眠中苏醒过来时,它们就处于良好的状态来应对成功繁殖所需的高强度体力活动。")可知,第五段提到了尿素氮回收给地松鼠带来的益处。故选D。
    (3)细节理解题。根据最后两段Accrding t the researcher,if astrnauts manage t cpy the salvaging f urea nitrgen,they will be able t prevent muscle lss,a cmmn issue amng space travelers. "Because we knw which muscle prteins are prevented during spaceflight,we can cmpare these prteins with thse that are enhanced by urea nitrgen salvage during hibernatin," Regan said.The researcher cntinued,"If there are the same parts between the prteins in spaceflight and the nes frm hibernatin,then it suggests astrnauts can gain health benefits by learning this prcess."(根据这位研究人员的说法,如果宇航员设法复制尿素氮的回收,他们将能够防止肌肉流失,这是太空旅行者的一个常见问题。 "因为我们知道在太空飞行期间哪些肌肉蛋白质被阻止,我们可以将这些蛋白质与冬眠期间通过尿素氮补救而增强的蛋白质进行比较,"Regan说。研究人员继续说,"如果太空飞行中的蛋白质和冬眠中的蛋白质之间有相同的部分,那么这表明宇航员可以通过学习这个过程获得健康益处。")可知,Regan的发现可能有助于宇航员应对肌肉萎缩问题。故选B。
    (4)标题判断题。通读全文,尤其是文章第一段A new discvery has revealed why,and the finding can really help astrnauts with their physical health during lng missins.(一项新的发现揭示了其中的原因,这一发现确实可以帮助宇航员在长期任务中保持身体健康。)及最后两段Accrding t the researcher,if astrnauts manage t cpy the salvaging f urea nitrgen,they will be able t prevent muscle lss,a cmmn issue amng space travelers. "Because we knw which muscle prteins are prevented during spaceflight,we can cmpare these prteins with thse that are enhanced by urea nitrgen salvage during hibernatin," Regan said.The researcher cntinued,"If there are the same parts between the prteins in spaceflight and the nes frm hibernatin,then it suggests astrnauts can gain health benefits by learning this prcess."(根据这位研究人员的说法,如果宇航员设法复制尿素氮的回收,他们将能够防止肌肉流失,这是太空旅行者的一个常见问题。 "因为我们知道在太空飞行期间哪些肌肉蛋白质被阻止,我们可以将这些蛋白质与冬眠期间通过尿素氮补救而增强的蛋白质进行比较,"Regan说。研究人员继续说,"如果太空飞行中的蛋白质和冬眠中的蛋白质之间有相同的部分,那么这表明宇航员可以通过学习这个过程获得健康益处。")可知,本文主要介绍了地松鼠冬眠时的生存模式可以给予旅居太空的宇航员的生存启示。因此C.What Can Grund Squirrels Teach Astrnauts?(地松鼠能教会宇航员什么?)符合题意。故选C。
    本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了北美常见的地松鼠是如何在冬季中轻松度过没有食物的时期的。
    一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
    阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
    二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
    首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
    三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
    在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
    四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
    猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
    16~20.【答案】F、G、A、D、E
    【解析】(1)推理判断题。空前S,questins like "What is the best study methd?" r "Hw can I learn knwledge faster?" arise in their minds.(所以,像"最好的学习方法是什么?"或者"我怎样才能更快地学习知识?""在他们心中兴起。)提到关于如何有效学习的两个问题,下文描述了三个方法,故F.The fllwing are sme f the best tips n hw t study effectively(下面是一些关于如何有效学习的建议)承上启下,符合语境。故选F。
    (2)推理判断题。根据本段小标题Play the rle f a teacher (扮演老师的角色),及空后This will nt nly help the details stick in yur mind but help yu t be well prepared fr yur exams.(这不仅可以帮助你记住细节,还可以帮助你为考试做好准备。)可知,空处是提到扮演老师的角色的另一种做法,下文是其好处,G.Als,yu can ask yurself questins just like yur teachers wuld ask yu(此外,你也可以像老师一样提问自己)符合语境。故选G。
    (3)段落标题题。根据本段的内容,尤其是Exercise befre studying helps t lift yur md.In fact,physical activity helps wake yu up s yu feel ready when yu sit dwn with yur bks.(学习前锻炼有助于提升你的情绪。事实上,体育活动有助于唤醒你,这样当你坐下来看书时,你就会感觉准备好了。)可知,本段和锻炼有关,故A.Wrk ut befre studying(在学习前进行锻炼)符合语境。故选A。
    (4)细节理解题。上文Many students face a challenge like "Why can't I remember what I've studied?"(许多学生都面临着这样的挑战:"为什么我记不住我学过的东西?")提到,很多学生疑惑自己为什么记不住学过的东西,结合空后A tired brain is a barrier t learning.(大脑疲劳是学习的障碍。)可知,记不住学过的东西应是和大脑疲劳有关系,D.It has a lt t d with the brain getting t tired(这和大脑疲劳有很大关系)符合语境。故选D。
    (5)推理判断题。根据本段小标题Absrb infrmatin in smaller chunks(块)(把信息分成小块吸收),及空后Yu divide the 11 numbers int three smaller grups.(你把这11个数字分成三个小的组。)可知,此处是描述用把信息分成小块的方法记住电话号码,E.Think abut hw yu memrize a phne number(想想你是如何记住一个手机号码的)符合语境。故选E。
    这是一篇说明文,文章主要讲述了如何有效学习。
    关于选句填空的做题步骤:
    步骤一:快速浏览一遍备选答案,先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置:标题,句首,句中,句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
    步骤二:快速浏览文章,确定文章体裁,抓住文章结构。
    步骤三:分析篇章结构,找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
    步骤四:注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段,寻找句中衔接标志词。
    步骤五:区分相似项。
    21~40.【答案】B、D、A、B、D、C、A、C、C、A、D、C、B、D、B、A、C、B、A、D
    【解析】(1)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.thrw away扔掉;B.g thrugh经历,通过;C.depend n取决于;D.adapt t适应。每个人都可能会经历(g thrugh)一些对"我"们影响深远的困难。根据上文There are always accidents in life可知是经历困难。故选B。
    (2)考查形容词及语境理解。A.cmmn普通的;B.similar类似的;C.curable可治疗的;D.rare稀有的。 "我"的这一艰难时刻就是当"我"最小的弟弟得了一种罕见的(rare)疾病的时候。根据下文We were tld he wuld die in a few mnths可知是罕见的疾病。故选D。
    (3)考查形容词及语境理解。A.sad悲伤的;B.mved感动的;C.happy快乐的;D.annyed恼火的。 "我"非常难过(sad),于是通过暴饮暴食来缓解这种悲伤,在很短的时间内"我"就长了(gained)将近 50磅。根据上文We were tld he wuld die in a few mnths可知是非常悲伤。故选A。
    (4)考查动词及语境理解。A.kept保留;B.gained获得;C.restred恢复;D.lst丢失。 "我"非常难过(sad),于是通过暴饮暴食来缓解这种悲伤,在很短的时间内"我"就长了(gained)将近 50磅。根据上文I ate excessively(过多地) as relief frm the sadness可知是体重增长。故选B。
    (5)考查动词及语境理解。A.imprved改进;B.existed存在;C.brken断裂;D.drpped下降,丢弃。"我"的健康水平也下降了(drpped)。故选D。
    (6)考查副词及语境理解。A.Hwever然而;B.Otherwise否则;C.Therefre因此;D.Anyway无论如何。因此(Therefre),"我"制定了新的目标来改变"我"的生活方式,看看健康的生活方式是否会带来改变(difference)。根据上文my brther began t heal and regain his full strength可知是因此进行改变。故选C。
    (7)考查名词及语境理解。A.difference差异;B.mistake错误;C.mess混乱;D.damage损坏。因此(Therefre),"我"制定了新的目标来改变"我"的生活方式,看看健康的生活方式是否会带来改变(difference)。故选A。
    (8)考查名词及语境理解。A.relatinship关系;B.business商业;C.rutine计划,例行程序;D.cmpany公司。"我"需要制定一个让自己变得更健康的计划(rutine)。根据下文hw t make myself becme healthier可知是制定计划。故选C。
    (9)考查动词及语境理解。A.write书写;B.design设计;C.read阅读;D.sell出售。 "我"开始阅读(read)男性健康杂志,并采纳其中的建议(tips)。故选C。
    (10)考查名词及语境理解。A.tips建议;B.interests兴趣;C.rders订单;D.pictures图片。 "我"开始阅读(read)男性健康杂志,并采纳其中的建议(tips)。故选A。
    (11)考查名词及语境理解。A.truble故障;B.trend趋势;C.gal目标;D.surce资源,来源。另一个资源(surce)是《Abs节食手册》。根据上文I fund tw surces that culd help me.可知是资源。故选D。
    (12)考查动词及语境理解。A.refuse拒绝;B.submit提交;C.fllw跟随;D.create创建。 "我"减少了高脂肪和含糖的垃圾食品,并开始按照(fllw)书上的建议饮食。根据下文was recmmended in bks可知是跟随。故选C。
    (13)考查动词及语境理解。A.allw允许;B.frce强迫;C.advise建议;D.expect预期。为了均衡饮食,"我"不得不强迫(frce)自己经常吃这些。根据下文t eat them ften in rder t have a balanced diet可知是强迫自己吃。故选B。
    (14)考查动词及语境理解。A.study研究;B.jump跳跃;C.advertise打广告;D.exercise锻炼。所以"我"可以在家锻炼(exercise)。根据上文I als bught a treadmill可知是锻炼。故选D。
    (15)考查动词及语境理解。A.slw减缓;B.increase增加;C.waste浪费;D.dminate支配。这个过程可以帮助加快(increase)"我"的新陈代谢。故选B。
    (16)考查副词及语境理解。A.Luckily幸运的是;B.Instantly立即;C.Unfrtunately不幸的是;D.Obviusly显然。幸运的是(Luckily),附近有个健身房。根据下文there was a gym nearby可知是幸运的是。故选A。
    (17)考查名词及语境理解。A.playgrund操场;B.ffice办公室;C.gym健身房;D.hspital医院。健身房(gym)成了"我"的第二个家。根据上文there was a gym nearby可知是健身房。故选C。
    (18)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.cming ut出来;B.wrking ut锻炼;C.setting ut出发;D.hanging ut闲逛。虽然"我"总是在锻炼(wrking ut)后感到很疲惫,但"我"对这种成就(achievement)感很满意。根据上文I tried t g there 4 times a week and managed t burn fat as efficiently as pssible可知是锻炼之后觉得累。故选B。
    (19)考查名词及语境理解。A.achievement成就;B.cnfusin混淆;C.humr幽默;D.liberatin解放。虽然"我"总是在锻炼(wrking ut)后感到很疲惫,但"我"对这种成就(achievement)感很满意。故选A。
    (20)考查动词及语境理解。A.start启动;B.imagine想象;C.frget忘记;D.cntinue继续。余生"我"将继续(cntinue)坚持健康的生活方式。根据下文leading a healthy life fr the rest f my life.可知是继续。故选D。
    本文是一篇记叙文,这篇短文主要讲述了作者面对困难时的经历和如何通过健康生活方式改变自己。
    近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化,试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽,综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文,了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格,所以,必须先通读一至两遍,才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句,做一句。其次要逐句分析,前后一致。选择答案时,要考虑整个句子的内容,包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后,再通读一遍文章,检查是否通顺流畅,用词得当,意思正确。
    41.【答案】【小题1】takes
    【小题2】drinking
    【小题3】traditinal
    【小题4】f
    【小题5】His
    【小题6】finally
    【小题7】was mved
    【小题8】hw
    【小题9】t fight
    【小题10】and
    【解析】(1)考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:重阳节,也被称为重阳节,是在农历九月初九。描述事实,所以用一般现在时态,主语为专有名词The Duble Ninth Festival,所以谓语用第三人称单数形式,故填takes。
    (2)考查动名词。句意:在这一天,人们举行许多活动,如赏菊、插竹玉、喝菊花酒。和enjying,inserting并列作介词的宾语,所以用动名词,故填drinking。
    (3)考查形容词。句意:此外,一个关于传统节日的故事也经常被讲述。作定语修饰名词,所以用形容词,作定语修饰名词,所以用形容词,故填traditinal。
    (4)考查介词。句意:住在汝河附近的人们因为魔鬼引起的疾病而遭受了很多痛苦。because f"因为",后跟名词,故填f。
    (5)考查形容词性物主代词。句意:他的父母死于瘟疫,他也差点死了。放在名词前面,所以用形容词性物主代词,故填His。
    (6)考查副词。句意:他走了很长一段路,终于找到了神仙。修饰动词,所以用副词,故填finally。
    (7)考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:神仙听了这个人的故事,被他的决心所感动,于是神仙同意教他如何杀死魔鬼。根据前面句子的时态,可知描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,mve和主语之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,主语为名词单数,所以谓语用第三人称单数形式,故填was mved。
    (8)考查特殊疑问词。句意:神仙听了这个人的故事,被他的决心所感动,于是神仙同意教他如何杀死魔鬼。teach sb.hw t d sth."教某人如何做某事",故填hw。
    (9)考查动词不定式。句意:有一天,神仙告诉桓景,妖怪会在九月初九再次出现,他让桓景回去对抗它。ask sb.t d sth."要求某人做某事",故填t fight。
    (10)考查连词。句意:这时,桓景拿起剑,杀了魔鬼。前后是并列关系,所以用and连接,故填and。
    本文是一篇说明文,介绍了重阳节的由来和传统习俗。
    做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上,灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有:固定的短语,词类的转换,名词的复数形式,副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此,这就需要在平时的学习中,牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
    42.【答案】Yesterday mrning,I participated n a schl activity wh theme fcused n "Green Travel Starts Frm Me".Abut 100 students and teachers gather at the schl gate at 8:00 and we set ut ten minute later t cycle arund the city.It tk us ver tw hurs ∧finish the 20-kilmeter ride. Tiring as we were,we felt prud f us.
    It was the first time that I had been cvered such a lng distance by bike.I believe an activity is f great value as it reminds us that everyne can make a difference t the prtect f Earth by traveling in a green way.
    详解:
    (1)考查介词。句意:昨天上午,我参加了一个以"绿色出行从我做起"为主题的学校活动。结合句意可知,表示"参加……活动"应为participate in。故将n改为in。
    (2)考查定语从句。句意:昨天上午,我参加了一个以"绿色出行从我做起"为主题的学校活动。分析句子结构可知,此处应为定语从句,先行词activity与空后的名词theme为所属关系,所以引导词应使用whse。故将wh改为whse。
    (3)考查动词时态。句意:大约100名学生和老师在8:00聚集在学校门口,十分钟后我们出发在城市周围骑自行车。根据语境可知,本文讲述的是昨天上午的事情,应使用一般过去时态。故将gather改为gathered。
    (4)考查可数名词复数。句意:大约100名学生和老师在8:00聚集在学校门口,十分钟后我们出发在城市周围骑自行车。名词minute前有基数词ten修饰,所以此处应使用名词复数。故将minute改为minutes。
    (5)考查动词不定式。句意:我们花了两个多小时完成了20公里的骑行。表示"花某人一段时间做某事"为it takes sb.smetime t d sth.。故在finish前加t。
    (6)考查形容词。句意:虽然我们很累,但我们为自己感到骄傲。分析句子结构可知,此处为as引导的让步状语从句,应使用倒装结构,将形容词或者副词置于as之前,该句中的形容词作表语,结合句意可知,此处表示主语"感到累",应使用tired,且位于句首,首字母需大写。故将Tiring改为Tired。
    (7)考查代词。句意:虽然我们很累,但我们为自己感到骄傲。分析句子结构可知,此处句子主语和宾语为同一人,宾语应使用反身代词。故将us改为urselves。
    (8)考查语态。句意:这是我第一次骑自行车走这么远的距离。根据句意可知,句子的主语和谓语之间为主动关系,表示"我骑这么远的路"。故删除had后的been。
    (9)考查冠词。句意:我相信这项活动具有巨大的价值,因为它提醒我们,每个人都可以通过绿色旅行为保护地球做出贡献。分析语境可知,此处的"活动"指的是作者参加的"活动",所以此处表示特指,应使用定冠词the。故将an改为the。
    (10)考查不可数名词。句意:我相信这项活动具有巨大的价值,因为它提醒我们,每个人都可以通过绿色旅行为保护地球做出贡献。分析句子结构可知,定冠词the后应为名词,作介词t宾语,prtect的名词为prtectin。故将prtect改为prtectin。
    【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者参加的以"绿色出行从我做起"为主题的学校活动。
    短文改错考查涉及面广,但却有所侧重。考查点测试频率最高的是动词,涉及动词考查的有时态、语态、非谓语动词形式、情态动词和动词的用法等。此外,还考查名词、介词、代词、冠词、形容词、副词、连词等,还涉及到句型结构、行文逻辑、固定搭配等。
    43.【答案】Dear Alex,
    Hw is everything ging?
    I feel upset abut my English learning at present. I find it hard t remember English wrds s my vcabulary is limited. Besides, English grammar is s difficult that I cannt make ut sentence structures.【高分句型一】 Therefre, many sentences are difficult fr me t understand.(你的困难)
    I have been wrking hard t imprve the situatin, fr example, reciting mre wrds and expressins, seeing English mvies, etc. Hwever, it makes little difference. I am mre cnfused. Hw can I imprve my English? What shuld I d? I wuld be grateful if yu culd give me sme detailed suggestins.【高分句型二】(寻求帮助)
    Lking frward t yur reply.
    Yurs,
    Li Hua
    【解析】高分句型一:Besides, English grammar is s difficult that I cannt make ut sentence structures.
    译文:另外,英语语法太难了,我弄不清句子结构.
    分析:这句话使用s+形容词+that引导结果状语从句.
    高分句型二: I wuld be grateful if yu culd give me sme detailed suggestins.
    译文:如果你能给我一些详细的建议,我将不胜感激.
    分析:这句话使用if引导条件状语从句.
    1.提纲作文的特点
    提纲作文就是把文章的情景和内容要求分成块,以条目的形式列出,请考生据此进行写作.这实际上是对考生思路和文章写作范围所作的明确限定.因此,提纲中所列举的要点要全部涉及到,一个也不能遗漏.
    2.思维空间灵活、开放
    为了提高文章档次,考生应在保证内容要点齐全的同时进行合理而又紧扣主题的发挥.因此,该类型的书面表达具有一定的灵活性,能较好地体现考生的英语思维能力.
    3.提纲作文的写作步骤一般分为:审题,明确文体形式;构思,根据提纲全面构思文章内容,根据内容构思词语和句型结构;写作完稿,根据构思的词语和句型结构,按照合理的顺序和语言要求,连句成文.注意句子间的正确联系,注意词语的丰富和句型的多样.
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