136，2024届陕西省高三教学质量检测（一）英语试题

这是一份136，2024届陕西省高三教学质量检测（一）英语试题，共24页。
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。回答非选择题时，用签字笔直接写在答题卡的相应位置，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非指定区域均无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What des the man want t be in the future?
A.A sldier.
B.A lawyer
C.A teacher
2.Where will the wman prbably g first?
A.T the teacher's ffice.
B.T the hspital.
C.T the gym.
3.Hw des the wman keep fit nw?
A.By wrking ut at a gym.
B.By playing basketball.
C.By ging climbing.
4.What will the wman d in the evening?
A.Eat ut,
B.G shpping
C.Stay at hme
5.What are the speakers talking abut?
A.Why the man is late.
B.When the film starts.
C.Wh the visitr was.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Hw many bedrms are there in the huse?
A.One.
B.Tw.
C.Three.
7.What will the wman help the man d?
A.Take care f the dcuments.
B.Lead him t the bank.
C.Check n the huse.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What attracted the man mst in Paris?
A.The Eiffel Twer.
B.The Luvre Museum.
C.Restaurants and clubs.
9.Hw did the man find his vacatin?
A.Bring.
B.Wnderful.
C.Tiring.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A.Hw teenagers keep healthy.
B.Why many teenagers get sick.
C.What fd teenagers shuld have.
11.What des the man think f an hur's exercise fr teenagers daily?
A.It's nt enugh.
B.It's t tiring
C It's necessary
12.What des the man suggest teenagers d?
A.Stp eating fast fd.
B.Keep their hands clean.
C.Imprve their schlwrk.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.Where des the wman wrk?
A.In a transprt business.
B.In a shpping centre.
C.In a hspital.
14.Hw will the wman g t wrk?
A.By car,
B.By bus
C.By train.
15.What is the man's pinin n parking in Brad green?
A.It is cstly.
B.It is easy
C.It is hard.
16.What is the disadvantage f Brad green?
A.It is far frm the shpping places.
B.There is a lt f nise.
C.The rents are high.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.When did Hemingway prduce his first cllectin f shrt stries?
A.In 1923.
B.In 1932.
C.In 1952.
18.What is Hemingway's The Sun Als Rises abut?
A.A grup f reprters.
B.Sme writers and artists.
C.His childhd experience.
19.What d we knw abut A Farewell t Arms?
A.It came ut in 1924.
B.It was Hemingway's third nvel.
C.It describes smething related t Wrld War I.
20.What was The Old Man and the Sea based n?
A.The stry f a reprter.
B.An ld fisherman's real life.
C.Hemingway's experiences f ging fishing.
第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Ding exercise regularly nt nly helps yu keep slim, but als imprves yur verall health and well-being. Different exercises prduce different results, as they cncentrate n alternate parts f the bdy. There are fur brad exercise categries: endurance, strength, flexibility, and balance. Many peple ften nly fcus n ne exercise type, but including all fur in yur wrkut will prduce better results and reduce yur risk f injury.
Endurance
Endurance exercises bst yur breathing and heart rate. By ding endurance exercises, yu are wrking t keep yur heart, lungs, and bld-flw system healthy while imprving yur ttal fitness. Over time these activities will make daily activities seem easier.
Strength
If yu want t build up yur muscles, then strength exercises, which are als knwn as “resistance training”, are right fr yu. Even the slightest increase in strength can make a huge difference in yur ability t carry ut daily tasks. Develping strng muscles als reduces yur risk f weak bnes.
Flexibility
Flexibility exercises help stretch yur bdy’s muscles. This allws fr mre freedm f mvement fr ther exercises and can als imprve yur range f mtin, psture, ability t breathe deeply, and bld flw. Als, it reduces the muscle tensin caused by stress.
Balance
Balance exercises help prevent falls and are especially imprtant t lder adults, helping them stay independent. Mst gd balance exercises are nes that keep yu cnstantly mving with yur feet n the grund. Heel-t-te walking and standing n ne ft are simple ways t imprve balance.
1. Hw can a persn benefit mst frm their exercise rutine?
A. By cmbining different exercise types tgether.
B. By having sufficient rest between their wrkuts
C. By cncentrating n ne training aspect at a time.
D. By increasing the frequency f their training gradually.
2. If yu want t reduce the risk f yur weak bnes, hw can yu achieve it?
A. By ding endurance exercises
B. By develping strng muscles
C. By mving with yur feet cnstantly.
D. By taking deep breath frequently.
3. Which exercise types are mst useful t imprve a persn’s breathing functin?
A. Strength and Balance. B. Flexibility and Balance.
C. Endurance and Strength. D. Endurance and Flexibility.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四种锻炼类型，将这四种锻炼方式都纳入锻炼中可以产生更好的效果并减少受伤风险。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Many peple ften nly fcus n ne exercise type, but including all fur in yur wrkut will prduce better results and reduce yur risk f injury.(许多人通常只专注于一种锻炼类型，但将这四种运动都纳入你的锻炼中会产生更好的效果，并降低你受伤的风险。)”可知，通过将不同的运动类型组合在一起，可以让一个人从日常锻炼中受益最大。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Strength”下面的“Develping strng muscles als reduces yur risk f weak bnes.(发展强健的肌肉也可以降低骨骼脆弱的风险。)”可知，通过发展强健的肌肉，可以降低骨骼脆弱的风险。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Endurance”下面的“Endurance exercises bst yur breathing and heart rate.(耐力训练可以改善你的呼吸和心率。)”和“Flexibility”下面的“This allws fr mre freedm f mvement fr ther exercises and can als imprve yur range f mtin, psture, ability t breathe deeply, and bld flw.(这为其他锻炼提供了更多的运动自由度，还可以改善你的运动范围、姿势、深呼吸能力和血液流动。)”可知，耐力训练和柔韧性训练对改善呼吸功能最有用。故选D项。
B
Why are s many peple crazy abut travel? Yur best friends, yur cusin, and yur parents are all ut and abut traveling the wrld. D yu wnder why? Why are s many peple ging thrugh the pain f airprt security, crwded airlines, taxis, buses, and dirty clthes in suitcases?
We ften get questins asking us why peple travel. Hnestly, fr the majrity f peple, it is nt charming. Nt everyne gets t travel first class t 5-star htels in tp cities. We nce saved a lt f mney t spend at the Htel Pulitzer Amsterdam, but we can't d it all the time. Hwever, why d many peple chse t travel?
Think abut it this way: when yu were a kid grwing up, yu were excited every time yu gt a new ty. Yu prbably played with that ty fr hurs until a new ty came alng. That’s hw peple becme addicted t traveling. Every time a persn travels, it is like getting a new ty. A new city brings new peple, language, culture, stres, fd, streets, and transprtatin. All f these aspects f a city (r twn) are exciting in their wn way.
Yu never knw what's arund the crner until yu lk. And, traveling is a cnstant challenge. When yu're thrwn int a new culture, it challenges yu in different ways. Travel has the unique ability t take yu ut f yur cmfrt zne and thrw yu int smething cmpletely new. This challenge frces yu t try new things and experience new ways f life.
Sme peple travel t expand their view f the wrld. Others travel t grw as peple and challenge themselves. Mst peple travel because they can bring hme their experiences and incrprate (融入) them int their everyday life. Try it ut fr yurself —yu might just be-cme addicted t travel t.
4. Why are questins mentined in the first paragraph?
A. T give advice abut saving mney n traveling.
B. T stress the ppularity f traveling.
C. T intrduce the tpic f traveling.
D. T shw the cnvenience f traveling by vehicles.
5. What d travel enthusiasts and children have in cmmn?
A. They can adapt t new life quickly.B. They are curius abut new things.
C. They want t challenge themselves.D. They are eager t acquire knwledge.
6. What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. The special charm f traveling.
B. The benefits f living in a new culture.
C. The imprtance f experiencing different lives.
D. The ways f stepping ut f ne's cmfrt zne.
7. What des the authr suggest?
A. Traveling as frequently as pssible.
B. Experiencing the jy f traveling persnally.
C. Making a detailed plan befre traveling.
D. Cllecting tips fr traveling nline befre departing.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了人们喜爱旅行的原因以及旅行的魅力所在。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Why are s many peple crazy abut travel? Yur best friends, yur cusin, and yur parents are all ut and abut traveling the wrld. D yu wnder why? Why are s many peple ging thrugh the pain f airprt security, crwded airlines, taxis, buses, and dirty clthes in suitcases?(为什么这么多人热衷于旅游？你最好的朋友，你的表弟，你的父母都出去周游世界了。你想知道为什么吗？为什么这么多人要经历机场安检、拥挤的航空公司、出租车、公交车和行李箱里脏衣服的痛苦？)”可推知，第一段的问题主要是为了引出旅行的话题。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Think abut it this way: when yu were a kid grwing up, yu were excited every time yu gt a new ty. Yu prbably played with that ty fr hurs until a new ty came alng. That’s hw peple becme addicted t traveling.(这样想：当你还是个孩子的时候，你每次得到一个新玩具都很兴奋。在新玩具出现之前，你可能会玩上几个小时。这就是人们对旅行上瘾的原因)”可知，旅行爱好者和孩子的相同之处是：他们都对新事物充满了好奇。故选B。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“Yu never knw what's arund the crner until yu lk. And, traveling is a cnstant challenge. When yu're thrwn int a new culture, it challenges yu in different ways. Travel has the unique ability t take yu ut f yur cmfrt zne and thrw yu int smething cmpletely new. This challenge frces yu t try new things and experience new ways f life.(你永远不知道拐角处会有什么，除非你去看。而且，旅行是一个持续的挑战。当你进入一种新的文化时，它会以不同的方式挑战你。旅行有一种独特的能力，它能把你带出舒适区，把你扔进一些全新的东西。这种挑战迫使你尝试新事物，体验新的生活方式)”可知，该段主要介绍了旅行的独特魅力。故选A。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Try it ut fr yurself —yu might just be-cme addicted t travel t.(自己试试吧——你可能也会对旅行上瘾)”可知，作者建议人们亲自试试，说不定也会喜欢上旅行。故选B。
C
Peple wh have truble walking r mving arund ften have a hard time enjying the beach. But hundreds f beaches in Greece nw ffer a new way fr peple in wheelchairs t get int the water by themselves. It’s called Seatrac.
Seatrac is basically a chair n a mving ramp (活动梯) that can smthly carry a disabled persn int the sea. Once in the sea, the persn can either remain in the chair, enjying the water, r g fr a swim. The chair is perated by remte cntrl. When the persn is ready t get ut f the water, the Seatrac system brings the chair back t the tp f the ramp. It’s even pssible t take a shwer in the Seatrac chair after ging fr a swim.
Seatrac was invented and develped in Greece. The idea fr it came when ne f the inventrs, Ignatis Ftiu, was talking with a friend wh used a wheelchair. The friend said he enjyed the sea, but didn’t like having t be carried int the cean as if he were a “sack f ptates”. Mr. Ftiu realized that there must be a way t make it easier fr wheelchair users t enjy the water. He wrked with his partner and a prfessr at a Greek university t design the system. In time, they frmed a cmpany called TOBEA t build and sell the systems.
The cmpany wrked hard t make the system simple t put in place and easy t run. A wden walkway allws wheelchair users t reach the Seatrac. The system is slar pwered and can cntinue t run even if the electricity ges ut. The Scatrac system can easily be packed up and stred when swimming seasn ends.
This summer, the Seatrac system is being used at ver 220 beaches in Greece, Cyprus, Italy, and Latvia. Thanks t Seatrac, peple wh use wheelchairs nw have the chance t cl dwn with a dip in the sea.
8. Which f the fllwing can best describe Scatrac?
A. Practical and user-friendly.B. Autmatic and life-saving.
C. Flexible and energy-efficient.D. Stylish and smth-running.
9. Why did Mr. Ftiu design Seatrac?
A. He desired t make a prfit frm it.
B. He lnged t frm a wheelchair cmpany.
C. He wanted t help his friend have fun in the sea.
D. He hped t save his friend frm thers’ ridiculing.
10. What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. The advantages f the Seatrac system.B. The success f the TOBEA cmpany.
C. The effrts f the TOBEA cmpany.D. The applicatin f the Seatrac system.
11. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T encurage care fr disabled peple.
B. T explain the principle f the Seatrac system,
C. T prvide strategies fr building a wheelchair.
D. T intrduce a new inventin fr wheelchair users.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了希腊发明的一种名为Seatrac的系统，该系统能够帮助使用轮椅的人士更轻松地进入海水中享受游泳。文章介绍了Seatrac系统的原理和功能，系统的应用范围和优势。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Seatrac is basically a chair n a mving ramp (活动梯) that can smthly carry a disabled persn int the sea. Once in the sea, the persn can either remain in the chair, enjying the water, r g fr a swim. The chair is perated by remte cntrl. (Seatrac基本上是活动梯上的一把椅子，可以平稳地将残疾人带入大海。一旦进入海中，这个人可以留在椅子上，享受水，或者去游泳。椅子由遥控器操作)”可知，Seatrac是实用且方便的，故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“The idea fr it came when ne f the inventrs, Ignatis Ftiu, was talking with a friend wh used a wheelchair. The friend said he enjyed the sea, but didn’t like having t be carried int the cean as if he were a “sack f ptates”. (发明者之一Ignatis Ftiu在与一位使用轮椅的朋友交谈时产生了这个想法。这位朋友说他喜欢大海，但不喜欢像一袋土豆一样被带进大海)”可知，Mr. Ftiu设计Seatrac是因为他想帮助他的朋友在海里玩得开心。故选C项。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“The cmpany wrked hard t make the system simple t put in place and easy t run. A wden walkway allws wheelchair users t reach the Seatrac. The system is slar pwered and can cntinue t run even if the electricity ges ut. The Scatrac system can easily be packed up and stred when swimming seasn ends. (该公司努力使该系统易于安装和运行。木制人行道允许轮椅使用者到达Seatrac。该系统由太阳能供电，即使停电也可以继续运行。Scatrac系统可以在游泳季节结束时轻松打包和存放)”可知，本段主要讲述了Scatrac系统的优势，故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，并结合第一段的“But hundreds f beaches in Greece nw ffer a new way fr peple in wheelchairs t get int the water by themselves. It’s called Seatrac.(但希腊数百个海滩现在为坐轮椅的人自己下水提供了一种新方式。它叫做Seatrac)”可知，整篇文章围绕着Seatrac系统展开，介绍了它的功能、设计理念、应用场景、制造公司等等。因此，文章的主要目的是介绍这个新的发明。故选D项。
D
Taking gd care f yur teeth may be linked t better brain health, accrding t a study published in the July 5, 2023, nline issue f Neurlgy. “Our study fund that gum (牙龈) disease and tth lss were linked t brain shrinkage (萎缩) in the hippcampus (海马体), which plays a rle in memry and Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默病),” said study authr Satshi Yamaguchi, Ph.D. f Thku University in Sendai, Japan.
The study invlved 172 peple withut memry prblems. Their average age was 67. Participants had dental exams and tk memry tests at the beginning f the study. They als had brain scans t measure the vlume f their hippcampus at the beginning f the study. This was measured again fur years later. Fr each participant, researchers cunted the number f teeth and checked fr amunt f gum disease.
Researchers fund that the number f teeth and amunt f gum disease was linked t changes in the left hippcampus f the brain. Fr peple with mild gum disease, having fewer teeth was assciated with a faster rate f brain shrinkage, which is the same fr peple with severe gum disease having mre teeth. After adjusting fr age, researchers fund that fr peple with mild gum disease, the increase in the rate f brain shrinkage due t ne less tth was equal t nearly ne year f brain aging. By cntrast, fr peple with severe gum disease the increase in brain shrinkage due t ne mre tth was equal t 1.3 years f brain aging.
“These results highlight the imprtance f preserving the health f the teeth and nt just maintaining the teeth,” Yamaguchi said. “The findings suggest that cntrlling the prgressin f gum disease thrugh regular dental visits is crucial, and that teeth with severe gum disease may need t be remved and replaced with apprpriate false nes.”
Yamaguchi said future studies are needed with larger grups f peple. The limitatin f the study is that it was cnducted in ne regin f Japan, s the results may nt be applied t ther lcatins.
12. What is Yamaguchi’s study mainly abut?
A. Causes f gum disease.B. The symptms f brain shrinkage.
C. Ways t take gd care f ne’s teeth.D. The cnnectin between the teeth and the brain.
13. Hw did researchers reach the cnclusin?
A. By making cmparisns.B. By referring t previus studies.
C. By cnducting a survey amng dentists.D. By prving experts’ thery in experiments.
14. What d the research findings indicate?
A. Gum disease is increasing amng peple.
B. Keeping teeth healthy is f great imprtance.
C. Remving natural teeth is bad fr dental health.
D. Ding a rutine dental checkup can avid gum disease.
15. What is expected f the future studies accrding t Yamaguchi?
A. Explring treatments fr gum disease.
B. Seeking new methds t imprve brain health.
C. Invlving peple frm ther places in the research.
D. Applying the research t relieve Alzheimer’s disease.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。根据发表在2023年7月5日《神经病学》在线期刊上的一项研究，好好照顾你的牙齿可能与更好的大脑健康有关。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Our study fund that gum (龈) disease and tth lss were linked t brain shrinkage (萎缩) in the hippcampus (海马体) , which plays a rle in memry and Alzheimer’s disease(我们的研究发现，牙龈疾病和牙齿脱落与海马体的大脑萎缩有关，海马体在记忆和阿尔茨海默病中起着重要作用)”可知，Yamaguchi的研究主要是关于牙齿健康与大脑之间的联系。故选D项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Researchers fund that the number f teeth and amunt f gum disease was linked t changes in the left hippcampus f the brain. Fr peple with mild gum disease, having fewer teeth was assciated with a faster rate f brain shrinkage, which is the same fr peple with severe gum disease having mre teeth. After adjusting fr age, researchers fund that fr peple with mild gum disease, the increase in the rate f brain shrinkage due t ne less tth was equal t nearly ne year f brain aging. By cntrast, fr peple with severe gum disease the increase in brain shrinkage due t ne mre tth was equal t 1.3 years f brain aging.(研究人员发现，牙齿的数量和牙龈疾病的数量与大脑左侧海马体的变化有关。对于患有轻度牙龈疾病的人来说，牙齿较少与大脑萎缩速度更快有关，对于患有严重牙龈疾病的人来说，牙齿较多也是如此。在对年龄进行调整后，研究人员发现，对于患有轻度牙龈疾病的人来说，由于少了一颗牙齿而增加的大脑萎缩率相当于近一年的大脑衰老。相比之下，对于患有严重牙龈疾病的人来说，多一颗牙齿导致的大脑萎缩的增加相当于1.3年的大脑衰老。)”可知，研究人员是通过作比较来得出结论的。故选A项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“These results highlight the imprtance f preserving the health f the teeth and nt just maintaining the teeth(这些结果突出了保护牙齿健康的重要性，而不仅仅是维护牙齿)”可知，研究结果表明保持牙齿健康非常重要。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The limitatin f the study is that it was cnducted in ne regin f Japan, s the results may nt be applied t ther lcatins. (这项研究的局限性在于它是在日本的一个地区进行的，因此结果可能不适用于其他地区。)”可知，目前的研究只局限于日本的一个地区，所以可以推测未来的研究希望会让其他地区的人参与进来。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw t Bst Yur Memry
The brain might be the place where memries are stred, and its memry capacity can be enlarged. ___16___Taking steps t imprve yur lifestyle in the fllwing fur areas will help keep yur mind sharp.
●___17___ Exercise helps with the activity f brain cells and als helps reduce the risk f brain diseases. It als helps brain cells repair themselves and their cnnectins t ther brain cells. Memry can imprve in bth brain-healthy lder adults and with mild brain disrder after a 12-week exercise prgram.
●Getting sugar frm fruits and vegetables instead f prducts with added sugars is healthier fr bdy and brain. T much sugar restricts bld flw t the brain and can even cause brain illness. The real brain fds are thse called the mind diet. ___18___
●Sleep is critical fr memry frmatin, especially lng-term memry frmatin. That’s because when yu’re asleep, the brain, runs the tape f what it recrded during the day, gets rid f infrmatin that isn’t relevant and then stres ther infrmatin fr the lng term. ___19___ The mre yu can keep a regular sleep schedule, the better ff yur brain and the rest f yu will be.
●Challenging yur brain is f great benefit, t. Maybe yu’re a crazy bridge player, a crsswrd puzzle lver r a regular lecturer. ___20___ T get the mst memry bst ut f puzzles r intellectual activities, the key is t keep things fresh and challenging. New and challenging activities help frm new pathways in the brain.
A. Regular physical activities prtect memry and thinking skills.
B. All the mentally engaging activities can help keep ur minds active.
C. Exercise can build yur bdy and imprve yur wrking efficiency.
D. Many lifestyle factrs can have a psitive effect n prmting yur memry.
E. It emphasizes brain healthy intake f nutrients instead f high calries r sugars.
F. That’s why peple diagnsed with sleep disrders are at higher risk f memry decline.
G. Lng-term memry is essential fr students wh need t master large amunts f knwledge.
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. E 19. F 20. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何提高你的记忆力提出了一些建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“The brain might be the place where memries are stred, and its memry capacity can be enlarged.(大脑可能是存储记忆的地方，它的记忆容量可以扩大)”以及后文“Taking steps t imprve yur lifestyle in the fllwing fur areas will help keep yur mind sharp.(在以下四个方面采取措施改善你的生活方式将有助于保持你的思维敏捷)”可知，本句主要承上启下，说明生活方式对大脑记忆力的影响。故D选项“许多生活方式因素对提高记忆力有积极影响”符合语境，故选D。
【17题详解】
根据后文“Exercise helps with the activity f brain cells and als helps reduce the risk f brain diseases. It als helps brain cells repair themselves and their cnnectins t ther brain cells. Memry can imprve in bth brain-healthy lder adults and with mild brain disrder after a 12-week exercise prgram.(锻炼有助于脑细胞的活动，也有助于降低患脑部疾病的风险。它还能帮助脑细胞修复自身以及与其他脑细胞的连接。经过12周的锻炼计划，大脑健康的老年人和轻度大脑紊乱的人的记忆力都能得到改善)”可知，本段的主旨是锻炼对记忆力的影响。故A选项“规律的体育活动可以保护记忆力和思维能力”符合语境，故选A。
【18题详解】
根据上文“The real brain fds are thse called the mind diet.(真正的健脑食物是那些被称为“健脑饮食”的食物)”可知，本句承接上文说明“健脑饮食”的特点：强调大脑健康的营养摄入，而不是高热量或糖。故E选项“它强调大脑健康的营养摄入，而不是高热量或糖”符合语境，it指代空格前的mind diet。故选E。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Sleep is critical fr memry frmatin, especially lng-term memry frmatin. That’s because when yu’re asleep, the brain, runs the tape f what it recrded during the day, gets rid f infrmatin that isn’t relevant and then stres ther infrmatin fr the lng term.(睡眠对记忆的形成至关重要，尤其是长期记忆的形成。这是因为当你睡着的时候，大脑会回放白天录制的内容，去掉不相关的信息，然后长期存储其他信息)”以及后文“The mre yu can keep a regular sleep schedule, the better ff yur brain and the rest f yu will be.(你越能保持规律的睡眠时间表，你的大脑和你的其他部分就越好)”可知，本句总结上文，指出睡眠对记忆力的影响。故F选项“这就是为什么被诊断患有睡眠障碍的人记忆力下降的风险更高”符合语境，故选F。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Challenging yur brain is f great benefit, t. Maybe yu’re a crazy bridge player, a crsswrd puzzle lver r a regular lecturer.(挑战你的大脑也有很大的好处。也许你是一个疯狂的桥牌玩家，一个填字游戏爱好者，或者一个定期的讲师)”以及后文“T get the mst memry bst ut f puzzles r intellectual activities, the key is t keep things fresh and challenging. New and challenging activities help frm new pathways in the brain.(要想从谜题或智力活动中获得最大的记忆提升，关键是要保持事物的新鲜感和挑战性。新的和具有挑战性的活动有助于在大脑中形成新的通路)”可知，本段的主旨是通过一些脑力活动来保持思维的活跃。故B选项“所有的脑力活动都能帮助我们保持思维活跃”符合语境，故选B。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分；满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Have yu ever heard smene say that he can’t see the frest fr the trees? If s yu may have ____21____ what this curius phrase means. If yu can see the trees, hw is the frest nt ____22____, t?
This ppular phrase accurately describes situatins in which peple smetimes get s invlved in the ____23____ that they lse sight f the big picture. ____24____, yu’re paying s much attentin t the trees that yu frget that the trees are just part f a ____25____ frest.
This is a prblem we all ____26____ frm time t time. When bserving ur wrld, it’s easy t fcus n the interesting details but ____27____ larger cncepts. Fr ____28____, it’s imprtant t be able t fcus n bth the frest and the trees, thugh.
Since the ____29____ f scientific inquiry thusands f years ag, bservatins have been _____30_____. The first scientists used their _____31_____ t see, hear, smell, feel, and taste the wrld arund them. Thrugh these _____32_____, they learned abut their wrld and began t search fr answers t the questins that _____33_____ arse.
Tday scientists _____34_____ rely upn their five senses t make bservatins. Hwever, they als take advantages f mdern _____35_____ t make bservatins with a wide variety f tls. These enable them t “see” the wrld in ways beynd what their five senses _____36_____.
Frm satellite telescpes atmic micrscpes, _____37_____ scientists use these tls t bserve the wrld in ways never _____38_____ by early scientists. Sme f these tls allw them t _____39_____ small details while thers help them t see the big _____40_____.
21.
A. wnderedB. agreedC. believedD. described
22.
A. acceptableB. visibleC. respnsibleD. pssible
23.
A. reasnsB. prblemsC. detailsD. results
24.
A. In returnB. In cntrastC. In the meantimeD. In ther wrds
25.
A. darkerB. largerC. smallerD. greener
26
A. seek utB. pass byC. agree nD. meet with
27.
A. catchB. cmprehendC. ignreD. misuse
28.
A. scientistsB. farmersC. prfessrsD. leaders
29.
A. beginningB. separatinC. recveryD. remval
30.
A. frgttenB. significantC. impssibleD. ppular
31.
A. experiencesB. abilitiesC. envirnmentsD. senses
32.
A. errrsB. giftsC. bservatinsD. inventins
33.
A. luckilyB. naturallyC. exactlyD. ccasinally
34.
A. evenB. yetC. neverD. still
35.
A. technlgiesB. theriesC. discveriesD. effrts
36
A. releaseB. preferC. allwD. enjy
37.
A. famusB. yungC. ppularD. mdern
38.
A. imaginedB. suggestedC. rememberedD. cnvinced
39.
A. createB. studyC. cpyD. chse
40.
A. causeB. changeC. pictureD. achievement
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了“只顾细节不顾大局”这一表述的来源，从科学家做研究的角度综合分析了细节与大局的利弊关系，告诉我们注重细节的同时也要顾全大局。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你听到有人说他只见树木不见森林，你可能很想知道这个令人好奇的句子意味着什么。A. wndered想知道；B. agreed同意；C. believed相信；D. described描述。结合后文“what this curius phrase means”可知，此处指想知道这个句子意味着什么。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你能看见树，怎么会看不见森林呢？A. acceptable可接受的；B. visible可看见的；C. respnsible负责的；D. pssible可能的。根据前文“he can't see the frest fr the trees”可知，作者意在表明看见和看不见之间的逻辑关系。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个表述准确地描述了一种情景，人们有时会很在意细节以至于会看不见整体大局。A. reasns原因；B. prblems问题；C. details细节；D. results结果。根据后文“that they lse sight f the big picture”指在意细节以至于会看不见整体大局。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：换句话说，你太关注树木了，以至于你忘记了树木只是更大森林的一部分。A. In return反过来；B. In cntrast相反地；C. In the meantime同时；D. In ther wrds换言之。通过分析语境可知，此句是前句的进一步解释，存在递进关系，因此In ther wrds意为“换言之”切合题意。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，你太关注树木了，以至于你忘记了树木只是更大森林的一部分。A. darker更黑暗的；B. larger更大的；C. smaller更小的；D. greener更绿的。通过分析本段结构可知，此句与上句互为平行结构，因此也是小细节与大局的关系，即小与大之间的逻辑关系，即你忘记了树木只是更大森林的一部分。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是我们反复会遇到的问题。A. seek ut寻求；B. pass by路过；C. agree n同意；D. meet with遇到。根据上文“This is a prblem we all”可知，此处指遇到的问题，应用meet with“遇到”。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在观察我们的世界时，我们很容易关注有趣的细节，而忽略更大的概念。A. catch抓住；B. cmprehend理解；C. ignre忽视；D. misuse误用。根据后文“it's imprtant t be able t fcus n bth the frest and the trees.”可知此处表明我们应该细节与大局兼顾，然而我们很容易注重小细节而忽视整体大局。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于科学家来说，能够同时关注森林和树木是很重要的。A. scientists科学家；B. farmers农民；C. prfessrs教授；D. leaders领导人。根据下文“f scientific inquiry”可知，接下来讲述科学家的方面，C项scientists“科学家”符合语境。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从几千年科学研究开始，观察力一直都很重要。A. beginning开始，开端；B. separatin分离；C. recvery恢复；D. remval移除。联系下文“The first scientists used their senses t see, hear, smell, feel, and taste the wrld arund them.”可知科学家门用感官去看、去听、去闻、去感受、去品尝他们周边的世界，故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自从几千年科学研究开始，观察力一直都很重要。A. frgtten遗忘的；B. significant重要的；C. impssible不可能的；D. ppular受欢迎的。根据后文“t see, hear, smell, feel, and taste the wrld arund them”可知，观察力一直都很重要。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家门用感官去看、去听、去闻、去感受、去品尝他们周边的世界。A. experiences经历；B. abilities能力；C. envirnments环境；D. senses感官。通过分析句子成分可知空后“see, hear, smell, feel, and taste”均为感官。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过观察，他们了解了周边的世界，并且开始寻找自然而然出现的问题答案。A. errrs错误；B. gifts礼物；C. bservatins观察；D. inventins发明。根据上文“Since the beginning f scientific inquiry thusands f years ag, bservatins have been”可知，科学家们要做的事情是观察。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过观察，他们了解了周边的世界，并且开始寻找自然而然出现的问题答案。A. luckily幸运地；B. naturally自然而然地；C. exactly恰好地；D. ccasinally偶然地。根据语境翻译可知, B项naturally“自然而然地”切合题意。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当今科学家们依赖于他们的五官做观察。A. even甚至；B. yet还，至今；C. never从不；D. still仍然。根据后文“rely upn their five senses t make bservatins”指现在的科学家依然还依赖五官进行观察。故选D项。
35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们也充分利用现代技术运用广泛的工具进行观察。A. technlgies技术；B. theries理论；C. discveries发现；D. effrts努力。根据hwever前句可知科学家们除了用五官进行观察，也用现代技术手段。故选A项。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些使他们能够以超出他们五种感官所允许的方式“看到”世界。A. release释放；B. prefer更喜欢；C. allw允许；D. enjy喜欢。根据前文可知五官给了科学家们得以观察世界的方式，通过现代技术，他们可以超越五官所允许的层面观察这个世界。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从卫星望远镜到原子显微镜，现代科学家使用这些工具以早期科学家从未想象过的方式观察世界。A. famus著名的；B. yung年轻的；C. ppular流行的；D. mdern现代的。根据上文“Tday scientists”可知，此处指现代科学家利用工具观察世界。故选D项。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从卫星望远镜到原子显微镜，现代科学家使用这些工具以早期科学家从未想象过的方式观察世界。A. imagined想象；B. suggested建议；C. remembered记住；D. cnvinced信服。根据上文可知，这些工具是现代的，表明早期并不存在，因此早期科学家难以想象有这样的工具可以使用。故选A项。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些工具中有些可以允许他们研究小细节，而另外一些可以帮助他们看到宏观整体。A. create创造；B. study研究；C. cpy复制；D. chse选择。根据后文“small details”可知，指通过工具去研究细节，B项study“研究”切合题意。故选B项。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：另外一些可以帮助他们看到宏观整体。A. cause结果；B. change改变；C. picture图画、局面；D. achievement成就。根据第二段中“they lse sight f the big picture”可知，结合分析选项，C项“picture”为同词复现。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On Sept 7, famus Chinese archaelgist (考古学家) Fan Jinshi, 85, ____41____ (award) by UNESCO fr her cntributin ____42____ the prtectin f the Mga Caves in Dunhuang.
____43____ (call) the “daughter f Dunhuang”, she started her stry with the cave 60 years ag. In 1963, Fan, then a 25-year-ld Peking University graduate, had the chance ____44____ (wrk) at the Mga Caves, a place she had wanted t explre fr a lng time. Back in thse days, the Mga Caves were almst ____45____ (cmplete) cut ff frm the wrld. Fan and her cwrkers stayed inside the caves t d research, cpy murals (壁画), and d ____46____ they culd t prtect and restre them. ____47____ time passed, Fan fund a serius prblem. ____48____ number f turists visiting Dunhuang was increasing, which might harm the caves, ____49____ (cause) the murals inside t fade. In the late 1980s, Fan stumbled upn cmputer technlgy by chance. She realized that this might preserve the Mga Caves frever.
After ver 30 years f _____50_____ (explre), the Dunhuang Academy built a digital database t prtect cultural relics there, allwing Dunhuang’s art t live frever and t step ut f the caves t meet the wrld.
【答案】41. was awarded
42. t 43. Called
44 t wrk
45. cmpletely
46. whatever##what
47. As 48. The
49. causing
50. explratin
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。9月7日，联合国教科文组织授予85岁的中国著名考古学家樊进石荣誉称号，以表彰她为保护敦煌莫高窟所做的贡献。
【41题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：9月7日，联合国教科文组织授予85岁的中国著名考古学家樊进石荣誉称号，以表彰她为保护敦煌莫高窟所做的贡献。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文On Sept 7可知为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为famus Chinese archaelgist Fan Jinshi，谓语用单数。故填was awarded。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：9月7日，联合国教科文组织授予85岁的中国著名考古学家樊进石荣誉称号，以表彰她为保护敦煌莫高窟所做的贡献。短语cntributin t表示“对……的贡献”。故填t。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：被称为“敦煌之女”的她，从60年前的洞穴开始了她的故事。分析句子结构可知call与逻辑主语she构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。首字母大写。故填Called。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：1963年，25岁的北京大学毕业生范有机会在莫高窟工作，这是她长期以来一直想去探索的地方。抽象名词chance后跟不定式作后置定语。故填t wrk。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：那时候，莫高窟几乎与外界完全隔绝。修饰动词短语cut ff应用副词cmpletely，故填cmpletely。
【46题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：范和她的同事呆在洞穴里做研究，复制壁画，尽他们所能保护和修复它们。引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，表示“无论什么”，指事情可用whatever或what。故填whatever/what。
【47题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：随着时间的流逝，范发现了一个严重的问题。引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”应用as，首字母大写。故填As。
【48题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：参观敦煌的游客越来越多，这可能会损害洞穴，导致里面的壁画褪色。此处表示“……的数量”应用the number f，谓语用单数。首字母大写。故填The。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：参观敦煌的游客越来越多，这可能会损害洞穴，导致里面的壁画褪色。分析句子结构可知cause与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。故填causing。
【50题详解】
考查名词。句意：经过30多年的探索，敦煌研究院建立了一个数字数据库来保护那里的文物，让敦煌的艺术永世长存，走出洞穴，与世界相遇。作介词的宾语，应用名词explratin，不可数。故填explratin。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I’ll never frget the stry which happen n a bus the ther day. It was a wind day I gt n the bus after schl. A yung lady was standing next t me. In a flash, a strng wind blew thrugh the windw. A lady’s false hair was blwn away. T ur surprises, she was hairless. While she was wndering what t d it, many passengers laughed ludly. S she managed t hld back her tears. Saw this, I picked up her false hair and said, “Dn’t sad, Miss. I’m sure yur hair will grw sn.” When I glanced t ther passengers, they all quick ndded their heads with shame.
【答案】1. happen→happened
2. wind→windy
3. A→The
4. surprises→surprise
5.去掉it
6. S→But
7. Saw→Seeing
8.在sad前加be
9. t→at
10. quick→quickly
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在公交车上看见一位女士的假发被风吹掉后非但没有嘲笑，反而给她安慰的善举。
【详解】1.考查时态。句意：我永远不会忘记前几天在公共汽车上发生的故事。由the ther day可知，句子时态是一般过去时，从句谓语动词happen用过去式，故将happen改为happened。
2.考查形容词。句意：这是一个刮风的日子，放学后我上了公共汽车。修饰day要用形容词windy，意为“刮风的”，作定语，故将wind改为windy。
3.考查定冠词。句意：那位女士的假发被风吹走了。此处的lady是第二次提到，应该用定冠词the表特指，故将A改为The。
4.考查不可数名词。句意：令我们吃惊的是，她没有头发。t ne’s surprise是固定短语，意为“让某人惊讶的是”，故将surprises改为surprise。
5.考查代词。句意：当她正在考虑该怎么办时，许多乘客大声笑了起来。“特殊疑问词+t d”作wndering的宾语，根据语境可知，句子表示“当她正在考虑该怎么办时”，特殊疑问词what作动词d的逻辑宾语，it是多余的，故去掉it。
6.考查连词。句意：但她强忍住了眼泪。由she managed t hld back her tears可知，句子表示“但她强忍住了眼泪”，“但是”是并列连词but，位于句首，首字母大写，故将S改为But。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意：看到这里，我拿起她的假发说：“别难过，小姐，我相信你的头发很快就会长出来的。”picked up是谓语，see用非谓语形式，I和see之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，作状语，故将Saw改为Seeing。
8.考查be动词。句意：看到这里，我拿起她的假发说：“别难过，小姐，我相信你的头发很快就会长出来的。”sad是形容词，前面要加be动词，Dn’t后跟be动词原形，故在sad前加be。
9.考查介词。句意：我瞥了一眼其他乘客，他们都很快羞愧地点了点头。glance at...是固定短语，意为“瞥一眼……”，故将t改为at。
10.考查副词。句意：我瞥了一眼其他乘客，他们都很快羞愧地点了点头。修饰动词ndded要用副词quickly作状语，故将quick改为quickly。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假定你是李华，你的笔友王强最近沉迷于电脑游戏，这给他带来很多危害。请你给他写一封书信，劝说他戒掉这个不良习惯，并提出建议，内容包括：
1.浪费了学习的时间；
2.对身心健康造成危害；
3.你的建议。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Wang Qiang,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Wang Qiang,
Hearing that yu are addicted t playing cmputer games, I felt very wrried. T begin with, it will make yu waste t much valuable time which shuld be spent n yur study. In additin, playing cmputer games fr a lng time will d harm t yur health, especially t yur eyes. Wrse still, sme games are full f vilence, which will be harmful t yur mental health.
Therefre, I strngly hpe that yu can break away frm it. The earlier, the better. Yu can read mre gd bks, take mre exercise r participate in sme scial activities t braden yur hrizns.
I hpe the advice abve will be helpful t yu. Lking frward t yur gd news.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假定你是李华，你的笔友王强最近沉迷于电脑游戏，这给他带来很多危害。请你给他写一封书信，劝说他戒掉这个不良习惯，并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
担心的：wrried→cncerned
此外：In additin→Besides
充满：full f→be filled with
因此：therefre→hence
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Yu can read mre gd bks, take mre exercise r participate in sme scial activities t braden yur hrizns.
拓展句：Yu can read mre gd bks, take mre exercise r participate in sme scial activities, which can braden yur hrizns.
【点睛】[高分句型1]T begin with, it will make yu waste t much valuable time which shuld be spent n yur study. (运用了which引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Therefre, I strngly hpe that yu can break away frm it.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)