备考2024届高考英语一轮复习课时提能练习第一部分过透教材Unit3SeaExploration新人教版选择性必修第四册

这是一份备考2024届高考英语一轮复习课时提能练习第一部分过透教材Unit3SeaExploration新人教版选择性必修第四册，共7页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
A
One f the cean’s nisiest creatures is smaller than yu’d expect — snapping shrimp（鼓虾）. They create a widespread backgrund nise in the underwater envirnment， which helps them cmmunicate， defend territries and hunt fr fd. When enugh shrimp snap（发出噼啪声） at nce， the nise can dminate the sundscape f castal waters.
Aran Mney， a bilgist at Wds Hle Oceangraphic Institutin， suggested that with increased cean temperatures， snapping shrimp will snap mre ften and luder than befre. This culd raise the backgrund nise f the glbal cean. "They make a sund by clsing a claw s fast. This makes a bubble（泡泡） and when that bubble expldes， it makes that snapping sund，" said Mney.
Mney detected a strng relatinship between warmer waters and deafening， mre frequent snapping shrimp sunds by experimenting with the shrimp in tanks in the lab and by listening t the shrimp in the cean at varius water temperatures. "As the temperature rises， the snap rate increases，" he said. This makes sense because shrimp are essentially cld-blded animals， meaning their bdy temperature and activity levels are largely cntrlled by their living envirnment. "We can actually shw in the field that nt nly d snap rates increase， but the sund levels increase as well，" he said.
Hw the luder snapping shrimp wuld bther r benefit the surrundings remained t be seen. "We knw that fish use sund t cmmunicate，" Mney said. "If the envirnment gets nisy， it has the ptential t influence that cmmunicatin. That’s smething we have t fllw up n." There is als the pssibility that the change f snapping shrimp disturbs instruments humans use t detect mines， which culd have implicatins fr natinal defense.
本文是说明文。鼓虾是一种体型很小却能发出很大声音的海洋生物，随着气候变暖及海水升温，鼓虾发出的声音也日益增大，这可能会影响其他海洋生物和人类。
1. What can we knw abut the snapping shrimp’s sund？
A. It has multiple uses.
B. It is vital t the ecsystem.
C. It is hard t be detected.
D. It aims t prtect the shrimp.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第一段中的"They create a widespread backgrund helps them cmmunicate， defend territries and hunt fr fd"可知，鼓虾发出的声音有助于它们交流、保卫领土和寻找食物，即其声音有多种作用，故本题选A。
2. Hw des Mney reach the cnclusin？
A. By bserving snapping shrimp in the field.
B. By recrding snap rates in the lab.
C. By analyzing the way shrimp make nise.
D. By cmparing shrimp’s sund in different places.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第三段的"Mney detected a strng relatinship between warmer in the lab and by listening t the shrimp in the cean at varius water temperatures"可知，Mney通过实验室的水箱用鼓虾做实验，并听海洋中各种水温里的鼓虾发出的声音，发现了温暖的水域与震耳欲聋、更频繁的鼓虾声之间的密切关系，即他通过对比不同地点鼓虾发出的声音得出了结论，所以本题选D。
3. What might Mney research next？
A. Applicatins f shrimp’s sund.
B. Impacts f the nise n ther creatures.
C. Means f cmmunicatin amng fish.
D. Methds f preventing shrimp’s snapping.
解析 B 推理判断题。最后一段提到吵闹的鼓虾会如何干扰或有益于周围环境还有待观察。如果环境变得嘈杂，它有可能影响鱼类之间的交流，Mney认为这是他们必须跟进的研究。还有一种可能性是，鼓虾发出的声音变大会干扰人类用来探测水雷的仪器。由此可推断，Mney接下来可能会研究鼓虾发出的声音对其他生物的影响，故本题选B。
4. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text？
A. Underwater Wrld Is N Lnger Quiet
B. Small Animals Make a Big Difference
C. Warming Oceans Are Getting Luder
D. Snapping Shrimp’s Nise Speaks Much
解析 C 标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了随着气候变暖及海水温度升高，鼓虾发出的声音也日益增大，发出声音的频率也增加，这可能会影响其他海洋生物和人类。C项"变暖的海洋变得更吵闹"形象贴切地总结了文章内容，做本文的标题最佳。
B
[2023河南名校联考]Scientists have discvered what they believe is the wrld’s largest plant， an underwater field f sea grass that stretches fr 112 miles ff the west cast f Australia. This huge meadw（草地） has spread widely all thrugh Shark Bay. The sea grass plant is believed t be arund 4， 500 years ld.
Many plants create new plants by grwing flwers and spreading seeds. The DNA f the plants that grw frm these seeds is slightly different frm the DNA f the plants that the seeds came frm. By cmparing the DNA frm their samples， the scientists hped t get an idea f hw many different sea grass plants there were in the meadw.
What they learned shcked them — all f the grass samples had almst exactly the same DNA. That meant that they were all just ne plant， ne big sea grass plant spreading ut ver 77 square miles. This makes it the largest knwn plant in the wrld by far.
S hw has the Shark Bay sea grass grwn s large？ Instead f spreading with flwers and seeds， it spreads by clning（克隆） itself. As its rts spread ut under the sea flr， new plants sht up frm thse rts.
The sea grass in Shark Bay is als unusual in anther way. It’s a "plyplid". Usually， an rganism（有机体） has tw parents， and gets half f its DNA frm each. But plyplid rganisms have all f the DNA frm bth parents， meaning they have twice as much DNA. The scientists think the extra DNA may make it easier fr the sea grass t survive in difficult cnditins.
The Shark Bay sea grass generally grws and spreads abut 14 inches a year. Because f the histry f Shark Bay and the rate f grwth， the scientists believe that the plant is abut 4， 500 years ld.
本文是一篇说明文。科学家们发现了他们认为世界上最大的植物：澳大利亚西海岸绵延1.12英里的一片水下海草田。这片巨大的草地遍布鲨鱼湾。这种海草被认为大约有4500年的历史。
1.Why did the scientists cmpare the DNA f the sea plants？
A. T find ways t prtect sea plants.
B. T discver the diversity f sea plants.
C. T identify the ldest plants in the sea.
D. T explre the unknwn cean resurces.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句"By cmparing the DNA frm their samples， the scientists hped t get an idea f hw many different sea grass plants there were in the meadw"可知，科学家比较海洋植物的DNA是为了发现海洋植物的多样性，故选B。
2. What can we learn abut the sea grass in Shark Bay？
A. Its DNA cannt be clned.
B. It blms and bears many seeds.
C. Its rts are a cnnected whle.
D. It is the fastest grwing grass in the wrld.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第四段最后一句"As its rts spread ut under the sea flr， new plants sht up frm thse rts"可推知，鲨鱼湾的海草的根是一个相连的整体，故选C。
3. What is ne f the advantages f plyplid rganisms？
A. Gaining the ability t grw bigger.
B. Getting parts f the parents’ DNA.
C. Having an advantage ver any ther sea plant.
D. Being mre adaptable t tugh cnditins.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第五段最后一句"The scientists think the extra DNA may make it easier fr the sea grass t survive in difficult cnditins"可知，多倍体生物的优点之一是更能适应恶劣的环境，故选D。
4. What is the main idea f this text？
A. Genetic changes in sea grass.
B. The eclgical status f the sea flr.
C. Scientists fund wrld’s largest plant.
D. New underwater grass is discvered.
解析 C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段第一句"Scientists have discvered what they believe is the wrld’s largest plant， an underwater field f sea grass that stretches fr 1.12 miles ff the west cast f Australia"为文章的主题句，下面内容是围绕该句展开的，由此可知，C项切题。
二、完形填空
Fr mre than a century， fishermen in Laguna， Brazil， have caught fish with the help f bttlense dlphins.
The dlphins push schls f fish in the 1 f the shre and then jump ut f the water， 2 t the fishermen t rapidly cast ut their nets. The fishermen make a large catch， and 3 ， the dlphins lk arund fr the fish that have missed the fishing nets — a quick and easy meal！
This dlphin-human 4 is especially unique， because it is 5 t bth humans and dlphins.
Accrding t a study 6 with underwater sund recrdings， dlphins ccupied with this relatinship with humans are 13％ mre likely t 7 in the wild. This is because they stay near the shres f the cean and are less likely t be 8 when fishing nets are thrwn int the pen cean. In Laguna， fishing with fellw dlphins has becme a（n） 9 in many families， thugh the dlphins are nt 10 trained fr this purpse. Frm their 11 ， fishermen pass n their knwledge t their children， teaching them t 12 with their partners thrugh clicking nises and hw t distinguish dlphin behavirs.
Interestingly， this is nt the first time humans and ther species f animals have 13 t hunt fr fd tgether. In Africa， the hneyguides， a small bird species that 14 n beeswax， use large nises and calls t cmmunicate， leading humans t trees where bees’ nests are 15 .
Researchers hpe that future generatins will be able t carry n this special traditin.
本文主要介绍了巴西Laguna的渔民和海豚合作捕鱼的共生现象。
1. A. frmB. center
C. directinD. psitin
解析 C 海豚把成群的鱼向海岸的方向（directin）驱赶，然后跳出水面，示意渔民们快速撒下他们的网，故选C。
2. A. reprtingB. prmising
C. answeringD.signaling
解析 D 参见上题解析。signal示意，发出信号。
3.A. in returnB. in balance
C. in briefD. in advance
解析 A 渔民们捕获了大量的鱼，作为回报（in return），海豚四处寻找漏网的鱼——一顿容易且快捷的饭。
4. A. interactinB. interruptin
C. instructinD. educatin
解析 A 由第一段"Fr mre than a century， fishermen in Laguna， Brazil， have caught fish with the help f bttlense dlphins"以及第二段的具体描述可知，此处指的是海豚和人类的互助合作关系，故选A。
5. A. restrictedB.beneficial
C. dangerusD. challenging
解析 B 这种海豚和人类的互助合作是独一无二的，因为这是对人类和海豚都有益的（beneficial）事情，故选B。restricted受限制的，dangerus危险的，challenging有挑战性的。
6. A. designedB.cnducted
C. preparedD. bserved
解析 B 根据一项用水下录音进行（cnducted）的研究，忙于与人类互助的海豚在野外活下来的可能性增加了百分之十三，故选B。design设计，prepare 准备，bserve观察。
7.A. surviveB. develp
C. sufferD. exist
解析 A 参见上题解析。survive幸存。
8. A. dubtedB. cntrlled
C. harmedD. shcked
解析 C 这是因为它们待在海岸附近，当渔网被扔进海洋里时被伤害（harmed）到的可能性更小，故选C。
9. A. fashinB. traditin
C. infrmatinD. impressin
解析 B 由第一段"Fr mre than a century， fishermen in Laguna， Brazil， have caught fish with the help f bttlense dlphins"以及文章最后一句"Researchers hpe that future generatins will be able t carry n this special traditin"可知，这已经成了很多家庭的传统，故选B。
10. A. cautiuslyB. carefully
C. thughtfullyD.intentinally
解析 D 在Laguna，与海豚共同捕鱼已经成了很多家庭的传统，虽然这些海豚并不是为了这个目的而刻意（intentinally）训练的，故选D。 cautiusly谨慎地，carefully认真地， thughtfully考虑周全地。
11. A. mvementB. schedule
C. experienceD. imaginatin
解析 C 根据他们的经验（experience），渔民们把他们的知识传递给他们的孩子，教他们通过滴答声与他们的搭档交流并教他们如何区分海豚的行为，故选C。mvement运动， schedule时间表， imaginatin想象。
12. A. cnnectB. cntact
C. cmmunicateD. mix
解析 C 参见上题解析。
13. A. apprachedB. cmpeted
C. separatedD. cperated
解析 D 有趣的是，这并非人类与动物首次合作捕食，故选D。apprach靠近，cmpete比赛， separate隔开。
14. A. feedB. wrk
C. perateD. lk
解析 A 在非洲，响蜜鸟，一种以蜂蜡为食的小鸟，用大量的噪音和叫声来与人交流，带着人们找到有隐藏蜂巢的树。feed表示"以……为食"，符合语境。
15. A. expsedB.hidden
C. brkenD. furnished
解析 B 参见上题解析。hide隐藏。
三、语法填空
[2023浙江温州三模]Inspired by the wrk f William Beebe，Dr.Sylvia Earle began her wrk as an ceangrapher at an early age when she 1 （knck） ff her feet by a wave. She was fascinated by the cean and its creatures. Althugh she struggled 2 （balance）her studies and family， Earle earned her PhD frm Duke University， becming well-knwn in the marine science cmmunity. Early in her career and while she was fur 3 （mnth） pregnant， Earle traveled 30.5m belw the surface in a submersible. Her experience f 4 （live） in an underwater marine habitat earned her celebrity status in the scientific cmmunity.
With the experience， Earle develped an interest 5 deep-sea explratin， and in 1979 she brke 6 recrd fr deep-sea diving at 381m belw the surface in a special suit called the JIM Suit designed t withstand（承受） the 7 （press）. Earle decided t test the suit as part f her research n a bk 8 （publish） by the Natinal Gegraphic Sciety， and the diving techniques nly scratched the surface f the cean. Fllwing this adventure， Earle started tw cmpanies 9 prduced deep-sea explratin vehicles. The cntinued advancement in the technlgy f these vehicles has helped pen up areas in the deep sea 10 （previus） unexplred.
本文主要讲述了美国深海探险家Sylvia Earle无畏艰险、探索海洋的事迹。
1.was kncked 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语at an early age可知，此处是在陈述过去发生的事情，且主语she和knck之间是被动关系，故填was kncked。
2.t balance 考查非谓语动词。struggle t d sth.意为"艰难地做某事，努力做某事"，为固定用法，故填t balance。
3.mnths 考查名词的数。由空前的fur可知，空处填mnths。
4.living 考查非谓语动词。所填词作介词f的宾语，表示一般情况和主谓关系，故用living。
5.in 考查介词。develp an interest in...为固定短语，意为"对……产生兴趣"，故填in。
6.the 考查冠词。此处表示特指，故填the。
7.pressure 考查名词。所填词作宾语，表示"压力"，故用不可数名词pressure。
8.published 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填非谓语动词。bk和publish之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且非谓语所表示动作已完成，再结合空后的by可知，此处应用过去分词published。
9.which/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词为tw cmpanies，故填which/that。
10.previusly 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词修饰作定语的unexplred，故填副词previusly。