专题三 完形填空 第3讲　说明文 课件-2024年高考英语二轮复习

这是一份专题三 完形填空 第3讲　说明文 课件-2024年高考英语二轮复习，共52页。PPT课件主要包含了第3讲，说明文，1生活常识，2文化背景等内容，欢迎下载使用。

说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空的时态多用一般现在时，其语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述，其主题明确，层次分明。高考说明文类完形填空往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象，从而为同学们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
Yung children acrss the glbe enjy playing games f hide and seek.
这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们玩捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
Fr them，there’s smething highly exciting abut 1 smene else’s glance and making neself unable t be D.directing
fllw跟随；take取走；escape避开；direct指导。根据下文“making neself unable t be seen”可知，此处表示儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C项。
But we witness preschl children are remarkably 2 at hiding. D.quick
clever聪明的；bad不擅长的；scared害怕的；quick快的。根据下文“They ften cver nly their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest f their bdies .”可知，他们经常只是用手捂住眼睛，而其余身体部分无遮蔽，因此儿童不擅长隐藏。be bad at sth表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。
They ften cver nly their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest f their bdies 3 D.imbalanced
expsed无遮蔽的；examined已检查过的；untuched未受影响的；imbalanced失衡的。根据上文可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A项。
Fr a lng time，this ineffective hiding methd was 4 as evidence that children are hpelessly “egcentric”(自我中心的) creatures. D.interpreted
supprt支持；guarantee保证；imagine想象；interpret解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hpelessly ‘egcentric’(自我中心的) creatures”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为一种证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。
But ur surprising research results in child develpmental psychlgy 5 that D.tested
explain解释；cnfirm证实；cntradict相矛盾；test测试。根据前面的But可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾。故选C项。
We brught children aged 2－4 int ur Minds in Develpment Lab at USC.Each 6 sat dwn with an adult wh cvered her wn eyes r 7 D.ears
6.parent父(母)亲；child儿童；researcher研究员；dctr医生。根据上文“We brught children aged 2－4 int ur Minds in Develpment Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。
7.ft脚；nse鼻子；hand手；ear耳朵。根据下文“r hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。
We then asked the child if she culd 8 r hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied they culdn’ D.fl
see看见；help帮助；reach到达；fl欺骗。根据上文“an adult wh cvered her wn eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处指儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。
A number f 9 ruled ut that the children misunderstd what they were being D.assumptins
句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。instructin指令；descriptin说明；experiment实验；assumptin假设。故选C项。
The results were clear：Our yung subjects 10 the questins and knew exactly what was asked f D.ignred
cmprehend理解；predict预测；explre探索；ignre忽略。根据下文“and knew exactly what was asked f them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并确切知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。
Their 11 t the questins reflected their true 12 that “I can see yu nly if yu can see me，t.” They simply 13 mutual(相互的) recgnitin and back B.relate tC.insist n D.make up
11.respnse回答；apprach方法；cntributin贡献；sensitivity敏感性。根据上文“We then asked the child if she culd r hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied they culdn’t.”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。
12.ability能力；belief看法；identity身份；purpse目的。根据下文“I can see yu nly if yu can see me，t.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。
13.hld back阻止；relate t与……有关联；insist n坚持；make up弥补。根据上文“I can see yu nly if yu can see me，t.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。
Our 14 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket ver her head，it’s nt a result f D.findings
limitatin限制；requirement必要条件；thery理论；finding调查发现。根据上文“We brught children aged 2－4 int ur Minds in Develpment Lab at USC.”可知，此处指实验的研究结果。故选D项。
Actually children cnsider this methd 15 when thers use D.effective
tentative不确定的；impressive令人印象深刻的；creative创造性的；effective有效的。根据上文“They simply mutual(相互的) recgnitin and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。
技法七　依常识，定答案
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
Here，in suth-east Ethipia，hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the them t get the hney is difficult—and ften 43 D.pintless
urgent紧急的；dangerus危险的；expensive昂贵的；pintless毫无意义的。根据常识可知，手工雕刻的蜂箱被放置在树顶上，采摘蜂蜜很难并且经常也很危险。故选B。
It’s gd t eat things at the crrect time，when they’re 58 ，and as clse as pssible t where they were 59 view B.n saleC.in seasn D.in D.grwn
58.n view在展出；n sale出售；in seasn应季的；in need在困难中。根据生活常识可知，“吃应季的和尽可能靠近产地的东西”是正确的做法。故选C。
59.finish完成；stre贮存；find找到；grw种植，生长。根据生活常识可知，“吃应季的和尽可能靠近原产地的东西”是正确的做法。故选D。
Rberta appeared n the stage.She tk a deep breath and began t she was Prtia，a strng-willed 17 in Shakespeare’s The Merchant f Venice.The theatre was filled with peple.She was speaking with a pwer she had never befre experienced，the wrds flwing 18.smthly frm B.actress C.player D.character
表示小说或戏剧中的“人物”或“角色”，用character。故选D。
技法八　破难句，解句意
完形填空的说明文中会出现一些长句或难句，而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析，准确理解句意，明确所填选项在句中的语法功能，从而做出正确判断。第1、4、14题便是长难句。
Gerge，the husband，was trying t be calm，but I culd tell this was 48 fr him， B.fine C.cmmn D.lucky
hard困难的；fine好的；cmmn常见的；lucky幸运的。本句句式较为复杂，“but”连接转折并列句，“having t leave...”为现在分词短语作原因状语。根据上文“was trying t be calm”以及下文“having t leave his dg t a and trust that everything wuld ”可推知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A。
having t leave his dg t a 49 and trust that everything wuld 50 up B.wrk utC.cme back D.take ff
49.c-wrker合作者；passenger乘客；stranger陌生人；neighbr邻居。本句句式较为复杂，“but”连接转折并列句，“having t leave...”为现在分词短语作原因状语。根据“Gerge，the husband，was trying t be calm，but I culd tell this was fr him”可知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人。故选C。
50.speed up加速；wrk ut解决；cme back回来；take ff起飞。本句句式较为复杂，“but”连接转折并列句，“having t leave...”为现在分词短语作原因状语。根据上文可知，让狗的主人Gerge把狗留给一个陌生人并相信一切都会解决好，对他来说很难。故选B。
(2023·河北邯郸一模)The term “the imaginary audience” was invented by American child psychlgist David Elkind in 1967.
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在“假想观众”的误导下，青少年的一些反应和做法。
It is defined as an adlescent’s psychlgical state 1 by the belief that peple arund are eagerly watching r listening t him r D.characterize
mislead误导；hld握住，持有；drive驱使；characterize描述，刻画，成为……的特征。根据“It is defined as an adlescent’s psychlgical state by the belief that peple arund are eagerly watching r listening t him r her.”可知，青少年认为周围的人都在热切地注视着或听着他们，实际上这只是一种假想，是被“误导”了，misled符合语境。故选A。
This is because 2 are aware f the physical changes ccurring in their D.prfessrs
adult成年人；teenager青少年；elders长辈；prfessr教授。根据上文的“It is defined as an adlescent’s psychlgical state”可知，此处指青少年，teenager与adlescent是同义词复现。故选B。
And they are 3 cncerned with hw everyne is 4 these D.making
3.suddenly突然间；gradually渐渐地；strngly强烈地；randmly随机地。根据上文“This is because are aware f the physical changes ccurring in their bdies.”可知，青少年意识到自己身体发生了变化，所以非常关心大家如何看待这些变化，strngly符合语境。故选C。
4.view观察，看待；face面对；accept接受；make使得。此处表示非常关心别人如何“看待”这些变化，viewing符合语境。故选A。
The 5 f the imaginary audience are D.results
cause原因；requirement要求；example例子；result结果。根据后文“Teens wuld repeatedly change their clthes t lk t thers.Or they wuld fllw different nging that may help them fit int sciety.”可知，是在举假想观众的例子，此处examples符合语境。故选C。
Teens wuld repeatedly change their clthes t lk 6 t D.smart
strange奇怪的，不寻常的；plain朴素的；sweet甜的；smart聪明的。根据“Teens wuld repeatedly change their clthes t lk t thers.”可知，不断换衣服是为了与众不同，此处strange符合语境。故选A。
Or they wuld fllw different nging 7 that may help them fit int D.principles
event事件；trend趋势；tip秘诀，技巧；principle原则。根据“Or they wuld fllw different nging that may help them fit int sciety.”可知，此处指追随不同的潮流和趋势，trends符合语境。故选B。
If wearing checkered shirts and jeans is the current fashin，teens wuld dress like that just t give a gd 8 n their imaginary D.impressin
cmment评论，意见；assessment评估，估价；instructin指示；impressin印象。根据“If wearing checkered shirts and jeans is the current fashin，teens wuld dress like that just t give a gd n their imaginary audiences.”可知，如果格子衬衫和牛仔裤流行，青少年就会这么穿，因为想给别人留下好印象，impressin符合语境。故选D。
Teens als wrry abut the 9 mistakes they make in scial D.slightest
severest最严重的；biggest最大的；fastest最快的；slightest最少的，最细微的。根据常识可知，青少年由于步入青春期，比较敏感，所以哪怕“最微小的”错误也会担心，slightest符合语境。故选D。
A blackhead culd make an adlescent girl 10 all day as she feels that she is being watched and D.laugh
sleep睡觉；relax放松；sweat流汗，焦虑，紧张；laugh大笑。根据“A blackhead culd make an adlescent girl all day as she feels that she is being watched and judged.”可知，觉得自己被关注和评判，所以会“焦虑”，sweat符合语境。故选C。
Hwever，in reality，there are nly a small percentage f peple wh are actually interested in hw smebdy else 11 D.lks
sund听起来；feel摸起来；smell闻起来；lk看起来。上文提到的穿格子衣和牛仔裤、长黑头粉刺等都属于外在方面的东西，由此可知，此处指很少有人关心别人“看起来”如何，lks符合语境。故选D。
Thugh “the imaginary audience” is cnsidered t be a 12 ，it is a natural prcess in which an adlescent tries t better understand his r her assciatin with the D.blessing
disrder混乱，紊乱，疾病；relief放松，缓解；pity可惜，遗憾；blessing幸事，福祉。根据“Thugh ‘the imaginary audience’ is cnsidered t be a ，it is a natural prcess...”可知，此处指虽然“假想观众”被认为是一种“紊乱”，但它却是青少年成长的自然过程，disrder符合语境。故选A。
As an individual’s perceptin f the wrld 13 ，he r she will gain mre 14 viewpints n his r her rles amng peple，rather than imaginary D.persnal
13.reduce减少；shw展示；wrk工作，起作用；mature成熟。根据“As an individual’s perceptin f the wrld ，he r she will gain mre viewpints n his r her rles amng peple，rather than imaginary nes.”可知，此处指当一个人对世界的认知“成熟”时，就会对自己在人群中的角色有更现实的看法，matures符合语境。故选D。
14.narrw狭窄的；permanent永久的；realistic现实的；persnal个人的。根据“As an individual’s perceptin f the wrld ，he r she will gain mre viewpints n his r her rles amng peple，rather than imaginary nes.”可知，此处指当一个人对世界的认知成熟时，就会对自己在人群中的角色有更“现实的”看法，realistic与后文的imaginary为反义词复现。故选C。
Thus，the effects f imaginary audiences will gradually 15 ut B.fade awayC.set in D.cme back
run ut用完，耗尽；fade away逐渐消失；set in开始，到来；cme back回来，记起。根据“Thus，the effects f imaginary audiences will gradually .”可知，当一个人对世界的认知成熟时，这种假想观众的影响也会“逐渐消失”，fade away符合语境。故选B。