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过基础 必备知识新题精练Clze 1话题:17岁少女发明低成本工具 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约220 难度:★★☆☆☆ 科技创新[2023山东日照模考]A 17-year-ld teenager, Anika Puri, has invented a lw-cst tl t spt elephant pachers(偷猎者) in real time. She wn the 2022 Peggy Scripps Award fr Science Cmmunicatin fr her mdel f a machine-learning-driven sftware that 1 mvement patterns in thermal vides f humans and elephants. "I'm especially excited by the 2 fcusing n endangered species and envirnmental science," Puri said. During a recent trip t India, Puri realized that elephants were still being 3 fr their tusks(长牙). "I was quite taken aback," Puri said," because I always thught, ‘well, paching is 4 ; hw cme it really is still such a big 5 ?’" Over the next tw years, Puri 6 the sftware EISa(shrt fr elephant savir). This wildlife pacher detectin slutin is based n a 7 prcess: an EISa camera attached t a mbile phne 8 ver a park n a drne and 9 the mvements f elephants r humans. The sftware is fur times mre 10 than existing state-f-the-art detectin methds. It als decreases the 11 fr expensive high-reslutin thermal cameras. The 17-year-ld's inventin has earned 12 frm ntable scientists. "Puri's sftware is quite admirable," says Jasper Eikelbm, an eclgist. "It's quite 13 that a senir high schl student has been able t 14 smething like this. Nt nly the research and the analysis, but als being able t 15 it in
the mdels." 1A.analyzesB.changesC.repeatsB.inventinC.theryB.prtectedC.killedB.harmfulC.unnecessaryB.businessC.burdenB.createdC.dwnladedB.naturalC.simpleB.spreadsC.jumpsB.cntrlsC.stpsB.accurateC.activeB.valueC.needB.praiseC.qualificatinB.essentialC.mysteriusB.recrdC.imagineB.repairC.mixD.apply
【解析】 本文主要说明了17岁的Anika Puri发明了一种低成本的工具,这种工具可以实时发现大象偷猎者,文章还介绍了其发明经过和科学家的看法。1.A 根据上文的"spt elephant pachers(偷猎者) in real time"和下文的"mvement patterns in thermal vides f humans and elephants"可知,此处指分析人类和大象热感视频中的运动模式,故选A。 analyze"分析";change"改变";repeat"重复";draw"画画"。2.B 根据下文的"The 17-year-ld's inventin"可知,此处是词汇复现,指这是一项发明,故选B。discvery"发现";inventin"发明";thery"理论";cncept"概念"。3.C 根据下文的"fr their tusks(长牙)""I was quite taken aback"可知,大象仍在被猎杀以获取象牙,故选C。train"训练";prtect"保护";kill"杀死";raise"筹集"。4.D 根据上文的"I was quite taken aback"和"paching"并结合常识可知,此处指偷猎是非法的,故选D。dangerus"危险的";harmful"有害的";unnecessary"不必要的";illegal"非法的"。5.A 根据上文的"I was quite taken aback"和语境可知,此处指Puri一直认为偷猎是非法的,不明白这怎么仍然是一个大问题。issue"问题";business"生意";burden"负担";effect"影响"。6.B 结合下文的"The 17-year-ld's inventin"可知,这个软件是Puri创造的,故选B。use"使用";create"创造";dwnlad"下载";sell"出售"。7.C 根据下文的"an EISa camera attached t a mbile r humans"并结合常识可知,这个过程很简单,故选C。similar"相似的";natural"自然的";simple"简单的";gradual"逐渐的"。8.D 根据下文的"ver a park n a drne"可知,此处指一个连接在手机上的EISa摄像头在无人机上飞过公园,故选D。pass"通过";spread"传播";jump"跳跃";fly"飞"。
9.A 根据上文的"This wildlife pacher detectin slutin"和下文的"the mvements f elephants r humans"可知,此处指EISa摄像头监测大象或人类的运动,故选A。detect"发现,察觉";cntrl"控制";stp"停止";direct"指导"。10.B 根据下文的"It als decreases"和语境可知,此处讲的应是该软件的优点,故指的是该软件的准确度是现存的最先进的监测方法准确度的四倍,故选B。expensive"昂贵的";accurate"精确的";active"活跃的";cmplex"复杂的"。11.C 根据上文内容可知,该软件使用起来很简单:一个连接在手机上的EISa摄像头在无人机上飞过公园来监测大象或人类的运动。故此处应是表示该软件还减少了对昂贵的高分辨率热感摄像机的需求,故选C。wish"希望";value"价值";need"需要";preparatin"准备"。12.B 根据下文的"Puri's sftware is quite admirable"可知,Puri的发明受到了著名科学家的赞扬,故选B。incme"收入";praise"赞美,赞扬";qualificatin"资格";cnfidence"自信"。13.D 结合上文的"Puri's sftware is quite admirable"可知,生态学家Jasper Eikelbm认为她的发明是了不起的,故选D。strange"奇怪的";essential"必要的";mysterius"神秘的";remarkable"非凡的"。14.A 根据下文的"Nt nly the research and the analysis, but als being able t 15 it in the mdels"可知,此处指一个高中生能取得这样的成就是很了不起的,故选A。achieve"实现,(尤指经过努力)取得,达到";recrd"记录";imagine"想象";learn"学习"。 15.D 根据下文的"in the mdels"以及上文讲的内容可知,该句表示"不仅是研究和分析,而且能够将软件应用到模型中",故选D。
Clze 2话题:南极洲洛克罗伊港邮局的招聘 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约250 难度:★★★☆☆ This year, hundreds f peple arund the wrld are applying fr a desired jb t run Prt Lckry, the wrld's mst remte pst ffice. The 1 is in Antarctica, and ne f the key 2 is the ability t cunt penguins(企鹅). Each year, the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust 3 fur pstmen t live n the island frm Nvember t March. Apart frm being a nearly 80-year-ld British-wned pst ffice, it 4 as a museum. Althugh emplyees each have unique 5 , they are cperatively respnsible fr preserving the 6 place and caring fr the thusands f turists. The staff is als 7 envirnmental data cllectin and wildlife mnitring. Applicants are warned there's nt much time fr relaxatin and rest. Still, the jb is highly 8 . The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust gets hundreds f applicatins 9 fr the psitin. They are mainly 10 t Prt Lckry, bth fr its histry and its scientific significance. Lucy Drman succeeded in applying fr the 2019-2020 seasn. It was a real 11 fr her. "Even thugh the jb can be hard at times, there's a real sense f cmmunity. Yu've gt t 12 , because yu can't get away frm each ther very easily. I really lve that srt f 13 ," she said. "And what yu can achieve here is 14 . The ttal experience ffers bth a different __15__ t the wrld and a new viewpint n yur functin n the planet." 1A.centreB.psitinC.aimB.characteristicsC.virtuesD.activities
3A.persuadesB.instructsC.encuragesB.peratesC.dubles B.talentsC.rles B.histricC.grand favr f B.in need fC.in pssessin fD.in charge f8A.paid B.sught-afterC.hard-wnB.weeklyC.mnthly B.devtedC.relatedB.lessnC.effrt alng B.shw ffC.break thrughD.give in13A.lneliness B.eagernessC.lsenessB.rewardingC.ptential B.answerC.attitudeD.intrductin
【解析】 位于南极洲的洛克罗伊港邮局的招聘吸引了很多人,在那里员工不仅要收集环境数据和监测野生动物,还要负责数企鹅。1.B 根据上文中的"hundreds f peple arund the wrld are applying fr a desired jb"可知,此处表示该职位在南极洲。psitin"职位";aim"目的";unit"单位"。2.A 本文讲的是一个职位,再根据空后的"is the ability t cunt penguins(企鹅)"可知,此处表示其中一个关键的要求是能够数企鹅。requirement"要求,必要条件";characteristic"特征";virtue"优秀品质";activity"活动"。3.D 根据上文中的"applying fr a desired jb"和下文中的"emplyees"可知,此处表示聘用四名邮递员。instruct"吩咐";hire"聘用"。4.C 前面提到洛克罗伊港是一个邮局,空后又提到"as a museum",故此处表示该邮局兼作博物馆。perate as "起……作用";duble as"兼作"。5.C 根据下文中的"they are cperatively respnsible "可知,此处表示员工各司其职。taste"爱好,志趣";talent"才能";rle"职能,地位,角色";backgrund"背景"。6.B 根据上文中的"a nearly 80-year-ld British-wned"和空前的"preserving"可知,此处表示有历史意义的地方。temprary"临时的";histric"有重要历史意义的,历史上重要的";grand"壮丽的";magical"奇妙的"。7.D 根据空前的"als"可知,本空应与前面的"respnsible fr"在含义上接近,故用in charge f"负责"。in favr f"赞同,支持";in need f"需要";in pssessin f"拥有"。
8.B 前面提到这份工作没有多少放松和休息的时间,再结合"Still"可知,此处表示"但是,这份工作仍然很抢手"。sught-after表示"吃香的(但罕有或难以得到),广受欢迎的",符合语境。paid"有偿的,付费的";hard-wn"来之不易的,辛苦得来的";respectable"体面的,得体的"。9.A 根据上文中的"This year, hundreds f desired jb""Each year"和下文中的"the 2019-2020 seasn"可知,此处表示英国南极遗产信托基金会每年(annually)都会收到大量申请该职位的信。10.D 他们大多是被洛克罗伊港的历史和科研价值吸引的。draw"吸引"。11.A 前面提到该职位很抢手,而Lucy Drman申请成功了,再结合下文中的"I really lve"可知,此处表示对她来说,获得这个职位让她很开心。jy"令人高兴的人(或事)";lessn"经验";shck"令人震惊的事"。12.A 根据上文中的"there's a real sense f cmmunity"和下文中的"yu can't get away frm each ther very easily"可知,此处表示你得与人和睦相处(get alng)。13.D 根据上文中的"a real sense f cmmunity"和"yu can't get away frm each ther very easily"可知,此处表示Lucy Drman喜欢那种亲密无间。lneliness"孤独";eagerness"渴望";lseness"松弛,松动";tgetherness"(尤指家庭或朋友的)和睦相处,亲密无间,团结友爱"。
【易错点拨】 思维定式——部分考生因为前面提到该职位很抢手而想当然地以为该机构每天都会收到很多申请信,但是忽略了上下文的解题信息。
14.B 根据空前的"what yu can achieve here"和下文中的"The ttal experience functin n the planet"可知,此处表示你在这里获得的东西很有益。cnsistent"持续的";rewarding"有益的,有意义的"; ptential"潜在的";pure"纯粹的"。15.C 这整个经历会让你产生对世界的不同看法(attitude)以及你在这个星球上的职责的新观点。
【二次精读】 熟词生义:1.psitin 常用义:n.位置,地方 文章义:n.职位,职务He held a senir psitin in a large cmpany.他在一家大公司担任高级职务。2.duble常用义:adj.双重的;成对的 n.两倍 文章义:vi.(+as)兼作,兼任Their living rm dubles as a hme ffice.他们的客厅兼作家庭办公室。3.draw常用义:v.画,描绘;拖,拉 文章义:v.吸引,招引,使感兴趣The mvie is drawing large audiences.这部影片吸引着大批观众。
【名师点津】 tgetherness是tgether的派生词,考生可以根据tgether的含义推断出其名词tgetherness的大概意思,从而解答出本题。
过能力 关键能力强化提升Clze 1话题:错失恐惧心理 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约220 难度:★★★☆☆ 心理健康It's a cmmn experience. Yu're 1 a scial media page, and yu see pictures f friends traveling r ging t parties. Suddenly yu start t wnder if yu're missing ut n smething fun. This experience has cme t be 2 as the fear f missing ut(FOMO). With the rise f scial media, FOMO is becming much mre cmmn. Our wanting t be 3 when exciting things are happening is cmpletely 4 . But fr sme peple, it can lead t an addictin. Even while ding 5 things, peple can feel like there's smething better ging n elsewhere. This 6 t take part can lead them t 7 frm the peple they are actually with. It 8 them frm the satisfactry things in their lives. T 9 this, remember that what peple chse t pst des nt necessarily reflect their life verall. They 10 t pick the things they wuld like t share, s we nly knw a small part f anyne else's life. Besides, be mdest and admit yur 11 . Yu cannt d everything that might be interesting r 12 . Yu are als recmmended t turn ff yur phne r lg ut f scial media fr a while. Mrever, yu can even set 13 times in yur day t check email and scial media. By 14 yu can fcus n the things in frnt f yu. Cnsequently, yu'll wrry less abut what yu're nt ding. Dn't let FOMO cntribute t yur 15 . 1A.ging ver B.lking thrugh C.wrking n D.turning dwn
2A.acknwledged B.declared C.marked B.admired C.invlved B.spiritual C.theretical B.essential C.demanding B.burden C.rutine B.hear C.judge B.prhibits C.distances B.explain C.purify B.determine C.happen B.limitatins C.ignrance B.specific C.nble B.divided C.infrmal ut B.settling dwn C.stepping awayD.giving in15A.disability B.insecurity C.misfrtune D.ppsitin
【解析】 本文主要介绍了现代社会中人们容易产生的错失恐惧心理,以及如何避免这种心理的影响。1.B 由下文中的"a scial media page, and yu see pictures f friends traveling r ging t parties"并结合常识可知,人们在"浏览"社交媒体页面的时候才会看到朋友的动态。g ver"仔细检查";lk thrugh"浏览";wrk n"从事,致力于";turn dwn"关小,调低,拒绝"。空后的"see"与B项"lking thrugh"相呼应。2.A 这种现象可以被认为是错失恐惧症。be acknwledged as表示"被认为是"。declare"宣布";mark"做标记";appint"任命"。3.C 由第一段的内容以及空后的时间状语从句"when exciting things are happening"可知,当令人兴奋的事情发生的时候,我们都希望"参与其中"。ntice"注意到";admire"敬佩,钦佩";invlve"使参与,包括,涉及";accmpany"陪伴"。4.D 由上文中的"when exciting things are happening"以及生活常识可知,当令人兴奋的事情发生的时候,我们都希望"参与"其中,这是完全"可以理解的"。uncntrllable"无法控制的";spiritual"精神的,心灵的";theretical"理论上的";understandable"可理解的"。5.B 上文提到有些人会上瘾,空前"Even"暗示此处的行为更甚,由此可推出,此处是说,即使做着"极其重要的"事,人们也会觉得在其他地方有更好的事在进行。prfitable"有利润的";essential"极其重要的,必不可少的";demanding"要求高的";randm"随机的"。6.A 上文提到有些人会上瘾,即使做着"极其重要的"事,人们也会觉得在其他地方有更好的事在进行,这是一种心理上的想要参与的"强烈渴望"。urge"强烈的欲望";burden"负担";rutine"惯例,常规";curage"勇气"。7.D 由语境以及空后的"the peple they are actually with"可以推知,人们过度查看手机,可能会让他们与
实际在一起的人产生距离,从而"脱离"他们。differ"不同";separate"脱离"。8.C 由上文中的"peple can feel like there's smething better ging n elsewhere"可知,人们觉得别的地方发生的事总是比发生在自己身上的事情更好,由此可推断,此处是说这使他们对自己生活中的让人满意的事情无动于衷,很冷淡。distance熟义为"n.距离",此处为生义"v.对……冷淡,使疏远,使远离"。9.D 由下文内容可知,此处是讲"避免"错失恐惧心理的做法。destry"摧毁";explain"解释";purify"净化";avid"避免"。10.A 由下文中的"s we nly knw a small part f anyne else's life"并结合生活常识可知,人们"往往"会挑选他们想要分享的东西。tend t d sth."易于做某事,往往会发生某事"。11.B 由空前的"be mdest"以及下文中的"Yu cannt d everything"可知,我们需要承认自己的"局限性",不是所有可能有趣的事情都能做。limitatin"局限性,不足之处"。12.A 根据句意,我们没有办法去做所有可能有趣的事,再由上文提到过的想要做的事可知,此处表示要么有趣或者更好的(interesting/better)事,要么极其重要的(essential)事。分析选项,只有prductive"有成效的"与这些词情感色彩一致。specific"特定的";nble"高尚的";permanent"永久的"。13.D 此处作者建议在一天内设置特定的时间去查看电子邮件和社交媒体来避免看手机的欲望。limitless"无限的";divided"有分歧的";infrmal"不正式的";particular"特定的"。14.C 由上文中的"yu can even set 13 times in yur day t check email and scial media"以及空后的"yu can fcus n the things in frnt f yu"可知,我们设定特定时间的目的是"远离"手机与社交媒体等干扰因素。hang ut"闲逛";settle dwn"安定下来";step away"走开";give in"屈服"。
15.B 由上文中的"Cnsequently, yu'll wrry less abut what yu're nt ding"以及全文错失恐惧心理的有关说明可知,错失恐惧心理会让我们陷入焦虑,故推知,此处是说不要让错失恐惧心理引起你的"不安"。disability"残疾";insecurity"不安,不安全感";misfrtune"不幸";ppsitin"反对"。
Clze 2话题:无塑料的生活方式 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约250 难度:★★★★☆ 合成词辨析[2023辽宁鞍山质量监测(二)]Reducing the use f plastic is a balance between what yu can affrd and what yu can get. I've 1 a lt frm a plastic-free lifestyle. It helps me 2 my carbn ftprint and save mney. I've fund that living plastic free is a great way t 3 mindless nline shpping. Nwadays, I __4__ weigh the pssibility f returning an rder befre I hit the 5 buttn. D I have smething else I culd __6__ t meet this need? Is there a place I can get it 7 s I dn't have t deal with all the plastic it'll arrive in? Besides, I've slwly 8 the cllectin f the things that I want, and that are made t last. Anytime I need t replace a bigger-ticket item, I'm 9 t lk fr a secnd-hand versin f a nicer, 10 item, which I can ften find fr the same price as a new but less durable(耐用的) mdel. Of curse, there are certain situatins where plastic is the mst 11 chice. I recently rerganized my clset and fund that I 12 clear plastic cntainers fr my ff-seasn clthing. After a few 13 t my favrite neighbrhd charity shp, I fund a set f Rubbermaid strage cntainers that 14 the bill. Life withut plastic desn't take place vernight. Devte yurself t making a few 15 in yur daily plastic use and see where it takes yu. 1A.heardB.benefitedC.receivedB.rebuildC.reduceD.recall
3A.prmteB.cnsiderC.preventB.disappintedlyC.unfrtunatelyB.printC.repeatB.abandnC.rewardB.indrsC.nlineB.fferedC.develpedB.embarrassedC.annyedB.faster-mvingC.better-shapedD.lnger-lasting11A.strangeB.suitableC.dangerusB.designedC.ruinedB.visitsC.radsB.paidC.cut B.ntes C.changes D.stps
【解析】 文章讲了作者从无塑料的生活方式中受益良多,它帮助作者减少碳足迹和省钱。1.B 根据下文的"It helps me 2 my carbn ftprint and save mney"可知,作者从无塑料的生活方式中获益良多,故选B项。hear"听说";benefit"受益";receive"收到";suffer"遭受"。 2.C 根据上文的"It helps me"和下文的"save mney"可知,此处讲的也应是好的方面,即减少碳足迹,故选C项。recrd"记录";rebuild"重建";reduce"减少";recall"召回"。3.C 根据第一段的内容以及下文的"mindless nline shpping"可知,此处应是阻止盲目网购,故选C项。 prmte"促进";cnsider"考虑";prevent"预防,阻止";experience"体验"。4.D 根据下文的"weigh the pssibility f returning an rder"可知,要仔细权衡退货的可能性,故选D项。hardly"几乎不";disappintedly"失望地";unfrtunately"不幸地";carefully"仔细地"。5.A 根据上文的"I've fund that living plastic free is a great way t 3 mindless nline shpping"和下文的"D I have smething else"可知,此处是指在按下购买键之前仔细权衡退货的可能性,故选A项。purchase"购买";print"打印";repeat"重复";pwer"驱动"。 6.A 根据前面两句话的内容可知,此处作者是问自己有没有别的东西可以改变用途以满足这种需求,故选A项。repurpse"改变……的用途";abandn"放弃";reward"奖励";remember"记住"。7.D 根据下文的"s I dn't have t deal with all the plastic it'll arrive in"和语境可知,此处作者是问自己在当地有没有一个地方可以买到,这样作者就不必处理它到达时所带来的塑料,故选D项。abrad"在国外";indrs"在室内";nline"在网上";lcally"在本地"。8.C 根据下文的"the cllectin f the things that I want"和上文的内容可知,此处是表示作者慢慢养成收集想要的东西的习惯,故选C项。sell"出售";ffer"提供";develp"开发,养成";dnate"捐赠"。
9.A 根据上文的"Besides, I've slwly 8 ... made t last"可知,作者已经养成这种习惯,因此需要换掉一件更贵的物品时,作者会渴望找到一件二手物品,故选A项。eager"渴望的,急切的";embarrassed"尴尬的";annyed"烦恼的";sad"伤心的"。 10.D 根据上文的"nicer"和下文的"which I can ften find fr the same price as a new but less durable(耐用的) mdel"可知,作者需要换掉一件更贵的物品时,会找一件更好看、更耐用的二手物品,故选D项。smaller-sized"体积更小的";faster-mving"移动速度更快的";better-shaped"外形更好的";lnger-lasting"更持久的"。11.B 句意:当然,在某些情况下,塑料容器是最合适的选择。strange"奇怪的";suitable"合适的";dangerus"危险的";difficult"困难的"。根据下文的"clear plastic cntainers fr my ff-seasn clthing"和常识可知,有时候塑料容器是最合适的选择,故选B项。12.D 根据上文的"I recently rerganized my clset"和下文的"clear plastic cntainers fr my ff-seasn clthing"可知,此处表示作者需要一个透明塑料容器来装过季的衣服,故选D项。discver"发现";design"设计";ruin"毁坏";need"需要"。13.B 根据上一句的内容和下文的"my favrite neighbrhd charity shp""I fund a set f Rubbermaid strage cntainers"可知,作者几次逛自己最喜欢的社区慈善商店之后,找到一套乐柏美储物盒,故选B项。slutin"解决方案";visit"参观,到访";rad"道路";exceptin"例外情况"。14.A 根据上文的"After a few 13 t my favrite neighbrhd charity shp"和语境可知,此处应是表示作者找到了符合要求的储物箱。fit the bill意为"符合要求,合格",故选A项。
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