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专题37 阅读理解推理判断题满分对策-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习高效复习（全国通用）
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这是一份专题37 阅读理解推理判断题满分对策-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习高效复习（全国通用），文件包含专题37阅读理解推理判断题满分对策-高考英语一轮复习知识清单全国通用原卷版docx、专题37阅读理解推理判断题满分对策-高考英语一轮复习知识清单全国通用解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共21页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、推理判断题解题三步曲
1．定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。
2．字面理解：理解相关信息点字面意义。
3．深层理解：进而理解作者的言外之意。
二、推理判断题干扰项特征
1. 似是而非：只是对原文信息简单重述，而不是依据文章提供事实依据推断出来的结论。
2. 夸大事实：对文章的事实或证据进行夸大；有时，选项内容与原文一致无需推断。
3. 推理过度：选项往往过于绝对化或片面化(以偏概全)，有时会出现nly, all等词语。
4. 掺入常识：根据考生已有常识是正确的，但不是根据文章中的证据推断出来的结论。
三、推理判断题五大解题技巧
1．抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住关键词或短语利用逆向思维或正面推理。
2．整合全文(段)信息进行推断。整合与题目相关的信息，综合推理判断定结论。
3．利用语境的褒贬性进行推断。考虑主人公特定心理和情绪状态褒贬性来推断。
4．根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。作者思想倾向和感情色彩隐含在字里行间。
5．根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。严格根据文章中所陈述的事实论点例证来推理。
阅读理解推理判断题分类点拨
题型一：人物态度推断题
词汇点拨：一是乐观支持类：psitive肯定的favrable 支持的，赞同的supprtive支持的apprval赞成的 二是客观中立类：bjective客观的neutral中立的cautius谨慎的 三是消极反对类：negative否定的ppsite相反的unfair公正的dubtful怀疑的indifferent漠不关心的critical批评的irnic讽刺的。
方法点拨：第一，不要加入自己的态度。第二，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wnderfully, successfully, unfrtunately, dubtfully 等。
典例1: Why isn’t yur newspaper reprting any gd news? All I read abut is murder, bribery(行贿), and death. Frankly, I’m sick f all this bad news.
1. This authr’s attitude twards the newspaper reprting is t _____.
A. cmplain B. aplgize C. amuse D. infrm
典例2: Laughing is essential t keep yur stress levels under cntrl. Withut humr we wuld find urselves with a lt f psychlgical prblems, r n a lt f medicatins t keep us frm ging crazy. There is t much sadness in this present wrld. It drives peple crazy. We all need t find a way t bypass the sadness and bring a little light int ur lives. S, I believe ur best medicine is t get tgether and tell sme jkes and have sme fun laughing tgether.
2. What is the writer’s attitude twards the present wrld?
A. Psitive B. Critical C. Satisfied D. Indifferent
典例3: The theries f mdern psychlgy have stepped in t argue that we must understand the needs f ur children. Children are nt just small adults; they are children wh must be respected as such.
Well, yu may say, this is as it shuld be, and a gd idea. But think further. What happens? “Educatin” becmes the respnsibility nt f teachers, but f psychlgists. What happens then?
3. What is the authr’s attitude tward the theries f mdern psychlgy?
A. Uninterested B. Tlerant C. Satisfied D. Critical
典例4: New technlgy links the wrld as never befre. Our planet has becme smaller. It’s nw a “glbal village” where cuntries are nly secnds away by fax r phne r satellite link. And, f curse, ur ability t benefit frm this high-tech cmmunicatins equipment is greatly increased by freign language skills.
4. What is the authr’s attitude tward high-tech cmmunicatins equipment?
A. Critical B. Prejudiced C. Indifferent.D. Psitive
典例5: (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ·D片段) Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt，the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis(重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
5. What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable. B. Intlerant. C. Dubtful. D. Unclear.
题型二：文章出处推断题。
技巧点拨：这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：
旅游指南类文章(a travel guide)：此类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。
广告英语类文章(an advertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。
课件展示类文章(a class presentatin)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。
网络网页类文章(an Internet page)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如Fr mre infrmatin, please click here.
新闻报道类文章(a news reprt)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容，下面陈述细节。
研究报告类文章(a research paper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。
图书评论类文章(a bk review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。
科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
典例6: D yu always understand the directins n a bttle f medicine? D yu knw what is meant by “Take nly as directed?” Read the fllwing directins and see if yu understand them.
T reduce pain, take tw tablets(药片) with water, fllwed by ne tablet every eight hurs, as required. Fr night-time and early mrning relief (缓解疼痛) take tw tablets at bedtime. D nt take mre than six tablets in twenty-fur hurs.
Fr children six t twelve years ld, give half the amunt . Fr children under six years ld, ask yur dctr’s advice.
Reduce the amunt if yu suffer frm restlessness r sleeplessness after taking the medicine.
6. This text is mst prbably taken frm a __________.
A. textbk B. newsreel(新闻电影) C. dctr’s ntebk D. bttle f medicine
典例7: Want t knw mre abut glbal warming and hw yu can help prevent it? Dctr Herman Friedman, wh is cnsidered a leading expert n the subject, will speak at Graysn Hall next Friday. Friedman studied envirnmental science at three well-knwn universities arund the wrld befre becming a prfessr in the subject. He has als traveled arund the wrld bserving envirnmental cncerns. The gradual bleaching (变白) f the Great Barrier Reef, which came in t the public eye in 2002, is his latest interest. Signed cpies f his clrful bk, which was published just last mnth, will be n sale after his talk.
7. This passage is mst prbably ____________.
A. a pster abut a lecture
B. an ad fr a new bk
C. a nte t a dctr in a university
D. an intrductin t a prfessr
典例8:（2021全国乙卷A篇）A Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Phtgrapher f the Year Award, was the idea f Charlie Waite, ne f tday's mst respected landscape phtgraphers. Each year, the high standard f entries has shwn that the Awards are the perfect platfrm t shwcase the very best phtgraphy f the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual cmpetitin fr phtgraphers frm all cmers f the UK and beynd.
8. Where can the text be fund?
A. In a histry bk.B. In a nvel.C. In an art magazine.D. In a bigraphy.
典例9:（2023新课标III卷C篇片段）Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
9. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. An intrductin t a bk.
B. An essay n the art f writing.
C. A guidebk t a museum.
D. A review f mdern paintings.
类型三、预测下段推断题
技巧点拨：1)从第一段入手。实用类说明文只要考生把握好第一段即主题段内容, 顺藤摸瓜, 即可推断下段内容应该是主题段中尚未提及的内容。2)从最后一段入手。有时候, 作者在最后一段提到一个话题, 但是没有充分说明, 因此需要在下一段就此问题深入分析、论述或讨论。所以考生学会依据最后一段甚至最后一句话进行推断也不失为明智选择。
典例10:Yga is an ancient practice that helps create a sense f unin in bdy, mind and spirit. It brings us balance. After a lng time f practice yga, yu n lnger just practice it --- yu live it.
Yga becmes part f yur physical life. Yur bdy grws strnger, mre tned, and mre flexible as yu mve frm ne asana --- r pse --- t anther…
Yga becmes part f yur mental life. Yga teaches yu t fcus n breathing while yu hld the pses. This attentin t breath is calming; it disslves stress and anxiety...
10. What will be talked abut if this passage cntinues?
A. Yga becming part f yur spiritual life.
B. Yga becming ppular all ver the wrld.
C. The disadvantages f yga.
D. Encuraging peple t d yga.
典例11: During the curse 1970s, peple started becming cncerned abut the pllutin that is created when cal and gas are burned t prduce electricity. Peple als realized that the supply f cal and gas wuld nt last frever. Then, wind was rediscvered, thugh it means higher casts. Tday, there is a glbal mvement t supply mre and mre f ur electricity thrugh the use f wind.
11. What wuld the authr prbably discuss in the paragraph that fllws?
A. The advantage f wind pwer.
B. The design f wind pwer plants.
C. The wrldwide mvement t save energy.
D. The glbal trend twards prducing pwer frm wind.
典例12: Given the knwn psychlgical benefits, many day-care centers and schls are already encuraging greater cntact with nature-with utdr lessns, regular nature walks and the cnstructin f mud kitchens that encurage children t play in the dirt.
12. What will the authr be likely t talk abut next?
A. Mre benefits f utdr plays.
B. Further study n bdy signals.
C. Many skills f playing dirt.
D. Detailed infrmatin n mud kitchens.
典例13: (2023全国乙卷篇) Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
13. What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.
B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies f big eaters.
类型四、写作目的推断题
技巧点拨：写作目的通常有以下三种：(1) t entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）t make peple laugh; t tell an interesting experience(2) t persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）t sell a prduct r a service; t attract mre visitrs / readers / audience(3) t infrm readers（告知读者某些信息）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。
典例14: “Have yu ever been ut n a bat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have yu jumped in the water and felt the rush f energy as waves came ver yu?” asked Jamie Taylr f the Wave Energy Grup at the University f Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lt f energy in waves,” he said.
14. The writer uses the tw questins at the beginning f the passage t ______.
A. test the readers’ knwledge abut waves
B. draw the readers’ attentin t the tpic
C. shw Jamie Taylr’s imprtance
D. invite the readers t answer them
典例15: A yung man frm a village called Nawalapitiya married a yung wman frm Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the man's big family---his parents, his brthers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the yung wman sn tk a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar.
Three mnths later the wman went back t her parents' hme, having quarreled with her husband. Sn the elephant refused t eat r wrk. It appeared t be ill and heart-brken. One mrning after several weeks the animal disappeared frm the huse.
It went t the wman's hme. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and tuched her with it. The yung wman was s mved by the act f the animal that she returned t her husband's hme.
15. The writer wrte the stry in rder t________.
A. shw that elephants are very clever
B. tell hw a wman trained a wild animal
C. shw that wmen care mre fr animals than men d
D. tell hw an animal reunited a husband and wife
典例16: Cld weather can be hard n pets, just like it can be hard n peple. Smetimes wners frget that their pets are just as used t the warm shelter(住所) as they are. Sme wners will leave their animals utside fr a lng perid f time, thinking that all animals are used t living utdrs. This can put their pets in danger f serius illness. There are things yu can d t keep yur animal warm and safe.
Keep yur pets inside as much as yu can when the weather is bad. If yu have t take them ut, stay utside with them. When yu're cld enugh t g inside, they prbably are t. If yu must leave them utside fr a lng time, make sure they have a warm, slid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty f nn¬-frzen water.
16. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T slve a prblem.
B. T give practical advice.
C. T tell an interesting stry.
D. T present a research result.
典例16: Earthquake may be ranked as ne f the mst disastrus frces knwn t man: since recrd began t be written dwn, it has been estimated (估计) that earthquake-related deaths have numbered in the millins, and that earthquake-related lss has been beynd calculatin…
The great majrity f all earthquake ccurred in tw particular areas in histry…
It is dubtful that man will be ever be able t cntrl earthquakes and get rid f their damage altgether. But as hw and why earthquakes happen becme better understd, man will becme mre and mre able t deal with their pssible damage befre they ccur.
17. The authr’s purpse in writing the passage prbably is t ____.
A. infrm the reader
B. entertain the reader
C. supprt a thery
D. questin a thery
阅读理解推理判断题片段训练
测试1: Mst peple agree that naturally grwn fd tastes better. Is tastier fd wrth the extra mney? This is a matter f pinin. Whether it is healthier r nt may require mre research. Hwever, rganic cnsumers argue it is better t be safe than srry.
1. What is prbably the majr cncern f rganic fd cnsumers?
A. Price. B. Safety. C. Freshness. D. Variety.
测试2: Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging. When the wrld was still ppulated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther. Sme language experts believe that 10,000 years ag, when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
2. What can we infer abut languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A. They develped very fast.
B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patterns.
D. They were clsely cnnected.
测试3: "I have a special lve fr the French Guianese peple. I have wrked there n and ff fr almst ten years? " says Gin. "I've been able t keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allwed t gain access t their living envirnment. I dn't see it as a lawless land. But rather see it as an area f freedm."
3. What is Gin’s attitude twards the lives f the indigenus Guianese?
A. Cautius. B. Dubtful.
C. Uninterested. D. Appreciative.
测试4: “Yu can use me as a last resrt (选择), and if nbdy else vlunteers, then I will d it.” This was an actual reply frm a parent after I put ut a request fr vlunteers fr my kids’ lacrsse (长曲棍球) club.
4. What can we infer abut the parent frm her reply in paragraph 1?
A. She knws little abut the club.
B. She isn’t gd at sprts.
C. She just desn’t want t vlunteer.
D. She’s unable t meet her schedule.
测试5: In a study describing the technlgy, the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd “tuch” fur times using the smart keybard. Data cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw errr rates. The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
5. Where is this text mst likely frm?
A. A diary. B. A guidebk.C. A nvel. D. A magazine.
测试6: Whaley gt the idea f this secnd-grade presidential campaign prject when he asked the children ne day t raise their hands if they thught they culd never be a president. The answer brke his heart. Whaley says the prject is abut mre than just learning t read and speak in public. He wants these kids t learn t bast (夸耀) abut themselves.
6. We can infer that the purpse f Whaley’s prject is t _________.
A. help students see their wn strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students fr their future jbs
D. inspire students’ lve fr plitics
阅读理解推理判断题片段语篇训练
强化1: (2023新课标I卷C篇) The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances.
8. What is the bk aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Slving philsphical prblems.D. Prmting the use f a digital device.
9. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
10. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Statistical methds.
C. Practical examples.D. Histrical analyses.
11. What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw?
A. Use them as needed.B. Recmmend them t friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.
强化2: (2022新课标I卷D篇)Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
32. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
33. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
35. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.
B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.Mike Shepherd(2011) Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria, England
…
Timthy Smith(2014) Macclesfield Frest Cheshire, England
…
一、推理判断题解题三步曲
1．定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。
2．字面理解：理解相关信息点字面意义。
3．深层理解：进而理解作者的言外之意。
二、推理判断题干扰项特征
1. 似是而非：只是对原文信息简单重述，而不是依据文章提供事实依据推断出来的结论。
2. 夸大事实：对文章的事实或证据进行夸大；有时，选项内容与原文一致无需推断。
3. 推理过度：选项往往过于绝对化或片面化(以偏概全)，有时会出现nly, all等词语。
4. 掺入常识：根据考生已有常识是正确的，但不是根据文章中的证据推断出来的结论。
三、推理判断题五大解题技巧
1．抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住关键词或短语利用逆向思维或正面推理。
2．整合全文(段)信息进行推断。整合与题目相关的信息，综合推理判断定结论。
3．利用语境的褒贬性进行推断。考虑主人公特定心理和情绪状态褒贬性来推断。
4．根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。作者思想倾向和感情色彩隐含在字里行间。
5．根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。严格根据文章中所陈述的事实论点例证来推理。
阅读理解推理判断题分类点拨
题型一：人物态度推断题
词汇点拨：一是乐观支持类：psitive肯定的favrable 支持的，赞同的supprtive支持的apprval赞成的 二是客观中立类：bjective客观的neutral中立的cautius谨慎的 三是消极反对类：negative否定的ppsite相反的unfair公正的dubtful怀疑的indifferent漠不关心的critical批评的irnic讽刺的。
方法点拨：第一，不要加入自己的态度。第二，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wnderfully, successfully, unfrtunately, dubtfully 等。
典例1: Why isn’t yur newspaper reprting any gd news? All I read abut is murder, bribery(行贿), and death. Frankly, I’m sick f all this bad news.
1. This authr’s attitude twards the newspaper reprting is t _____.
A. cmplain B. aplgize C. amuse D. infrm
典例2: Laughing is essential t keep yur stress levels under cntrl. Withut humr we wuld find urselves with a lt f psychlgical prblems, r n a lt f medicatins t keep us frm ging crazy. There is t much sadness in this present wrld. It drives peple crazy. We all need t find a way t bypass the sadness and bring a little light int ur lives. S, I believe ur best medicine is t get tgether and tell sme jkes and have sme fun laughing tgether.
2. What is the writer’s attitude twards the present wrld?
A. Psitive B. Critical C. Satisfied D. Indifferent
典例3: The theries f mdern psychlgy have stepped in t argue that we must understand the needs f ur children. Children are nt just small adults; they are children wh must be respected as such.
Well, yu may say, this is as it shuld be, and a gd idea. But think further. What happens? “Educatin” becmes the respnsibility nt f teachers, but f psychlgists. What happens then?
3. What is the authr’s attitude tward the theries f mdern psychlgy?
A. Uninterested B. Tlerant C. Satisfied D. Critical
典例4: New technlgy links the wrld as never befre. Our planet has becme smaller. It’s nw a “glbal village” where cuntries are nly secnds away by fax r phne r satellite link. And, f curse, ur ability t benefit frm this high-tech cmmunicatins equipment is greatly increased by freign language skills.
4. What is the authr’s attitude tward high-tech cmmunicatins equipment?
A. Critical B. Prejudiced C. Indifferent.D. Psitive
典例5: (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ·D片段) Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt，the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis(重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
5. What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable. B. Intlerant. C. Dubtful. D. Unclear.
题型二：文章出处推断题。
技巧点拨：这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：
旅游指南类文章(a travel guide)：此类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。
广告英语类文章(an advertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。
课件展示类文章(a class presentatin)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。
网络网页类文章(an Internet page)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如Fr mre infrmatin, please click here.
新闻报道类文章(a news reprt)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容，下面陈述细节。
研究报告类文章(a research paper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。
图书评论类文章(a bk review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。
科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
典例6: D yu always understand the directins n a bttle f medicine? D yu knw what is meant by “Take nly as directed?” Read the fllwing directins and see if yu understand them.
T reduce pain, take tw tablets(药片) with water, fllwed by ne tablet every eight hurs, as required. Fr night-time and early mrning relief (缓解疼痛) take tw tablets at bedtime. D nt take mre than six tablets in twenty-fur hurs.
Fr children six t twelve years ld, give half the amunt . Fr children under six years ld, ask yur dctr’s advice.
Reduce the amunt if yu suffer frm restlessness r sleeplessness after taking the medicine.
6. This text is mst prbably taken frm a __________.
A. textbk B. newsreel(新闻电影) C. dctr’s ntebk D. bttle f medicine
典例7: Want t knw mre abut glbal warming and hw yu can help prevent it? Dctr Herman Friedman, wh is cnsidered a leading expert n the subject, will speak at Graysn Hall next Friday. Friedman studied envirnmental science at three well-knwn universities arund the wrld befre becming a prfessr in the subject. He has als traveled arund the wrld bserving envirnmental cncerns. The gradual bleaching (变白) f the Great Barrier Reef, which came in t the public eye in 2002, is his latest interest. Signed cpies f his clrful bk, which was published just last mnth, will be n sale after his talk.
7. This passage is mst prbably ____________.
A. a pster abut a lecture
B. an ad fr a new bk
C. a nte t a dctr in a university
D. an intrductin t a prfessr
典例8:（2021全国乙卷A篇）A Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Phtgrapher f the Year Award, was the idea f Charlie Waite, ne f tday's mst respected landscape phtgraphers. Each year, the high standard f entries has shwn that the Awards are the perfect platfrm t shwcase the very best phtgraphy f the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual cmpetitin fr phtgraphers frm all cmers f the UK and beynd.
8. Where can the text be fund?
A. In a histry bk.B. In a nvel.C. In an art magazine.D. In a bigraphy.
典例9:（2023新课标III卷C篇片段）Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
9. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. An intrductin t a bk.
B. An essay n the art f writing.
C. A guidebk t a museum.
D. A review f mdern paintings.
类型三、预测下段推断题
技巧点拨：1)从第一段入手。实用类说明文只要考生把握好第一段即主题段内容, 顺藤摸瓜, 即可推断下段内容应该是主题段中尚未提及的内容。2)从最后一段入手。有时候, 作者在最后一段提到一个话题, 但是没有充分说明, 因此需要在下一段就此问题深入分析、论述或讨论。所以考生学会依据最后一段甚至最后一句话进行推断也不失为明智选择。
典例10:Yga is an ancient practice that helps create a sense f unin in bdy, mind and spirit. It brings us balance. After a lng time f practice yga, yu n lnger just practice it --- yu live it.
Yga becmes part f yur physical life. Yur bdy grws strnger, mre tned, and mre flexible as yu mve frm ne asana --- r pse --- t anther…
Yga becmes part f yur mental life. Yga teaches yu t fcus n breathing while yu hld the pses. This attentin t breath is calming; it disslves stress and anxiety...
10. What will be talked abut if this passage cntinues?
A. Yga becming part f yur spiritual life.
B. Yga becming ppular all ver the wrld.
C. The disadvantages f yga.
D. Encuraging peple t d yga.
典例11: During the curse 1970s, peple started becming cncerned abut the pllutin that is created when cal and gas are burned t prduce electricity. Peple als realized that the supply f cal and gas wuld nt last frever. Then, wind was rediscvered, thugh it means higher casts. Tday, there is a glbal mvement t supply mre and mre f ur electricity thrugh the use f wind.
11. What wuld the authr prbably discuss in the paragraph that fllws?
A. The advantage f wind pwer.
B. The design f wind pwer plants.
C. The wrldwide mvement t save energy.
D. The glbal trend twards prducing pwer frm wind.
典例12: Given the knwn psychlgical benefits, many day-care centers and schls are already encuraging greater cntact with nature-with utdr lessns, regular nature walks and the cnstructin f mud kitchens that encurage children t play in the dirt.
12. What will the authr be likely t talk abut next?
A. Mre benefits f utdr plays.
B. Further study n bdy signals.
C. Many skills f playing dirt.
D. Detailed infrmatin n mud kitchens.
典例13: (2023全国乙卷篇) Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
13. What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.
B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies f big eaters.
类型四、写作目的推断题
技巧点拨：写作目的通常有以下三种：(1) t entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）t make peple laugh; t tell an interesting experience(2) t persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）t sell a prduct r a service; t attract mre visitrs / readers / audience(3) t infrm readers（告知读者某些信息）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。
典例14: “Have yu ever been ut n a bat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have yu jumped in the water and felt the rush f energy as waves came ver yu?” asked Jamie Taylr f the Wave Energy Grup at the University f Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lt f energy in waves,” he said.
14. The writer uses the tw questins at the beginning f the passage t ______.
A. test the readers’ knwledge abut waves
B. draw the readers’ attentin t the tpic
C. shw Jamie Taylr’s imprtance
D. invite the readers t answer them
典例15: A yung man frm a village called Nawalapitiya married a yung wman frm Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the man's big family---his parents, his brthers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the yung wman sn tk a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar.
Three mnths later the wman went back t her parents' hme, having quarreled with her husband. Sn the elephant refused t eat r wrk. It appeared t be ill and heart-brken. One mrning after several weeks the animal disappeared frm the huse.
It went t the wman's hme. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and tuched her with it. The yung wman was s mved by the act f the animal that she returned t her husband's hme.
15. The writer wrte the stry in rder t________.
A. shw that elephants are very clever
B. tell hw a wman trained a wild animal
C. shw that wmen care mre fr animals than men d
D. tell hw an animal reunited a husband and wife
典例16: Cld weather can be hard n pets, just like it can be hard n peple. Smetimes wners frget that their pets are just as used t the warm shelter(住所) as they are. Sme wners will leave their animals utside fr a lng perid f time, thinking that all animals are used t living utdrs. This can put their pets in danger f serius illness. There are things yu can d t keep yur animal warm and safe.
Keep yur pets inside as much as yu can when the weather is bad. If yu have t take them ut, stay utside with them. When yu're cld enugh t g inside, they prbably are t. If yu must leave them utside fr a lng time, make sure they have a warm, slid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty f nn¬-frzen water.
16. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T slve a prblem.
B. T give practical advice.
C. T tell an interesting stry.
D. T present a research result.
典例16: Earthquake may be ranked as ne f the mst disastrus frces knwn t man: since recrd began t be written dwn, it has been estimated (估计) that earthquake-related deaths have numbered in the millins, and that earthquake-related lss has been beynd calculatin…
The great majrity f all earthquake ccurred in tw particular areas in histry…
It is dubtful that man will be ever be able t cntrl earthquakes and get rid f their damage altgether. But as hw and why earthquakes happen becme better understd, man will becme mre and mre able t deal with their pssible damage befre they ccur.
17. The authr’s purpse in writing the passage prbably is t ____.
A. infrm the reader
B. entertain the reader
C. supprt a thery
D. questin a thery
阅读理解推理判断题片段训练
测试1: Mst peple agree that naturally grwn fd tastes better. Is tastier fd wrth the extra mney? This is a matter f pinin. Whether it is healthier r nt may require mre research. Hwever, rganic cnsumers argue it is better t be safe than srry.
1. What is prbably the majr cncern f rganic fd cnsumers?
A. Price. B. Safety. C. Freshness. D. Variety.
测试2: Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging. When the wrld was still ppulated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther. Sme language experts believe that 10,000 years ag, when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
2. What can we infer abut languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A. They develped very fast.
B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patterns.
D. They were clsely cnnected.
测试3: "I have a special lve fr the French Guianese peple. I have wrked there n and ff fr almst ten years? " says Gin. "I've been able t keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allwed t gain access t their living envirnment. I dn't see it as a lawless land. But rather see it as an area f freedm."
3. What is Gin’s attitude twards the lives f the indigenus Guianese?
A. Cautius. B. Dubtful.
C. Uninterested. D. Appreciative.
测试4: “Yu can use me as a last resrt (选择), and if nbdy else vlunteers, then I will d it.” This was an actual reply frm a parent after I put ut a request fr vlunteers fr my kids’ lacrsse (长曲棍球) club.
4. What can we infer abut the parent frm her reply in paragraph 1?
A. She knws little abut the club.
B. She isn’t gd at sprts.
C. She just desn’t want t vlunteer.
D. She’s unable t meet her schedule.
测试5: In a study describing the technlgy, the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd “tuch” fur times using the smart keybard. Data cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw errr rates. The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
5. Where is this text mst likely frm?
A. A diary. B. A guidebk.C. A nvel. D. A magazine.
测试6: Whaley gt the idea f this secnd-grade presidential campaign prject when he asked the children ne day t raise their hands if they thught they culd never be a president. The answer brke his heart. Whaley says the prject is abut mre than just learning t read and speak in public. He wants these kids t learn t bast (夸耀) abut themselves.
6. We can infer that the purpse f Whaley’s prject is t _________.
A. help students see their wn strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students fr their future jbs
D. inspire students’ lve fr plitics
阅读理解推理判断题片段语篇训练
强化1: (2023新课标I卷C篇) The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances.
8. What is the bk aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Slving philsphical prblems.D. Prmting the use f a digital device.
9. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
10. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Statistical methds.
C. Practical examples.D. Histrical analyses.
11. What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw?
A. Use them as needed.B. Recmmend them t friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.
强化2: (2022新课标I卷D篇)Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
32. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
33. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
35. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.
B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.Mike Shepherd(2011) Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria, England
…
Timthy Smith(2014) Macclesfield Frest Cheshire, England
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