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专题37 阅读理解推理判断题满分对策--【知识大盘点】2024高考英语一轮复习知识大盘点红宝书
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这是一份专题37 阅读理解推理判断题满分对策--【知识大盘点】2024高考英语一轮复习知识大盘点红宝书，文件包含专题37阅读理解推理判断题满分对策原卷版docx、专题37阅读理解推理判断题满分对策解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共21页， 欢迎下载使用。
2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习，重视基础知识的同时，要坚持阅读训练，促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。英语的进步并非一蹴而就，需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。做到这一点，成功只是早晚的事！
专题37【口袋书】阅读理解推理判断题满分对策 解析版
阅读理解推理判断题命题规律探究
一、推理判断题解题三步曲
1．定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。
2．字面理解：理解相关信息点字面意义。
3．深层理解：进而理解作者的言外之意。
二、推理判断题干扰项特征
1. 似是而非：只是对原文信息简单重述，而不是依据文章提供事实依据推断出来的结论。
2. 夸大事实：对文章的事实或证据进行夸大；有时，选项内容与原文一致无需推断。
3. 推理过度：选项往往过于绝对化或片面化(以偏概全)，有时会出现nly, all等词语。
4. 掺入常识：根据考生已有常识是正确的，但不是根据文章中的证据推断出来的结论。
三、推理判断题五大解题技巧
1．抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住关键词或短语利用逆向思维或正面推理。
2．整合全文(段)信息进行推断。整合与题目相关的信息，综合推理判断定结论。
3．利用语境的褒贬性进行推断。考虑主人公特定心理和情绪状态褒贬性来推断。
4．根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。作者思想倾向和感情色彩隐含在字里行间。
5．根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。严格根据文章中所陈述的事实论点例证来推理。
阅读理解推理判断题分类点拨
题型一：人物态度推断题
词汇点拨：一是乐观支持类：psitive肯定的favrable 支持的，赞同的supprtive支持的apprval赞成的 二是客观中立类：bjective客观的neutral中立的cautius谨慎的 三是消极反对类：negative否定的ppsite相反的unfair公正的dubtful怀疑的indifferent漠不关心的critical批评的irnic讽刺的。
方法点拨：第一，不要加入自己的态度。第二，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wnderfully, successfully, unfrtunately, dubtfully 等。
典例1: Why isn’t yur newspaper reprting any gd news? All I read abut is murder, bribery(行贿), and death. Frankly, I’m sick f all this bad news.
1. This authr’s attitude twards the newspaper reprting is t _____.
A. cmplain B. aplgize C. amuse D. infrm
典例2: Laughing is essential t keep yur stress levels under cntrl. Withut humr we wuld find urselves with a lt f psychlgical prblems, r n a lt f medicatins t keep us frm ging crazy. There is t much sadness in this present wrld. It drives peple crazy. We all need t find a way t bypass the sadness and bring a little light int ur lives. S, I believe ur best medicine is t get tgether and tell sme jkes and have sme fun laughing tgether.
2. What is the writer’s attitude twards the present wrld?
A. Psitive B. Critical C. Satisfied D. Indifferent
典例3: The theries f mdern psychlgy have stepped in t argue that we must understand the needs f ur children. Children are nt just small adults; they are children wh must be respected as such.
Well, yu may say, this is as it shuld be, and a gd idea. But think further. What happens? “Educatin” becmes the respnsibility nt f teachers, but f psychlgists. What happens then?
3. What is the authr’s attitude tward the theries f mdern psychlgy?
A. Uninterested B. Tlerant C. Satisfied D. Critical
典例4: New technlgy links the wrld as never befre. Our planet has becme smaller. It’s nw a “glbal village” where cuntries are nly secnds away by fax r phne r satellite link. And, f curse, ur ability t benefit frm this high-tech cmmunicatins equipment is greatly increased by freign language skills.
4. What is the authr’s attitude tward high-tech cmmunicatins equipment?
A. Critical B. Prejudiced C. Indifferent.D. Psitive
典例5: (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ·D片段) Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt，the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis(重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
5. What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable. B. Intlerant. C. Dubtful. D. Unclear.
【答案及解析】
1. A。作者一是想读者说明这份报纸上指登载负面新闻，如凶杀行贿受贿、死亡等，二是字里行间留出作者的抱怨情绪，故选A。
2. A 。从文中最后一段不难看出，作者觉得现在的世界有太多的悲伤，有时候甚至可以把人逼疯，所以作者对现在的世界是持一种批判的态度。
3. D。由最后一段的句子Frequently the mdern methds are s cmplicated that they fail t be understd by the teachers, let alne the children;可知，作者认为现代的方式太复杂，以至于他们无法被老师理解，更不用说孩子们。因此推断作者对于现代教育方式持批判的态度。
4. D。根据文章第一段中And, f curse, ur ability t benefit frm this high-tech cmmunicatin equipment is greatly imprved by freign language skills.可以推测作者对高科技交流设备是持积极态度。
5. A。观点态度题。依据“忠于措辞法”。本段含有beneficial，psitive，helped等褒义措辞，由此可推知，作者对情商普及化是支持的。故选A。
题型二：文章出处推断题。
技巧点拨：这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：
旅游指南类文章(a travel guide)：此类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。
广告英语类文章(an advertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。
课件展示类文章(a class presentatin)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。
网络网页类文章(an Internet page)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如Fr mre infrmatin, please click here.
新闻报道类文章(a news reprt)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容，下面陈述细节。
研究报告类文章(a research paper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。
图书评论类文章(a bk review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。
科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
典例6: D yu always understand the directins n a bttle f medicine? D yu knw what is meant by “Take nly as directed?” Read the fllwing directins and see if yu understand them.
T reduce pain, take tw tablets(药片) with water, fllwed by ne tablet every eight hurs, as required. Fr night-time and early mrning relief (缓解疼痛) take tw tablets at bedtime. D nt take mre than six tablets in twenty-fur hurs.
Fr children six t twelve years ld, give half the amunt . Fr children under six years ld, ask yur dctr’s advice.
Reduce the amunt if yu suffer frm restlessness r sleeplessness after taking the medicine.
6. This text is mst prbably taken frm a __________.
A. textbk B. newsreel(新闻电影) C. dctr’s ntebk D. bttle f medicine
典例7: Want t knw mre abut glbal warming and hw yu can help prevent it? Dctr Herman Friedman, wh is cnsidered a leading expert n the subject, will speak at Graysn Hall next Friday. Friedman studied envirnmental science at three well-knwn universities arund the wrld befre becming a prfessr in the subject. He has als traveled arund the wrld bserving envirnmental cncerns. The gradual bleaching (变白) f the Great Barrier Reef, which came in t the public eye in 2002, is his latest interest. Signed cpies f his clrful bk, which was published just last mnth, will be n sale after his talk.
7. This passage is mst prbably ____________.
A. a pster abut a lecture
B. an ad fr a new bk
C. a nte t a dctr in a university
D. an intrductin t a prfessr
典例8:（2021全国乙卷A篇）A Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Phtgrapher f the Year Award, was the idea f Charlie Waite, ne f tday's mst respected landscape phtgraphers. Each year, the high standard f entries has shwn that the Awards are the perfect platfrm t shwcase the very best phtgraphy f the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual cmpetitin fr phtgraphers frm all cmers f the UK and beynd.
8. Where can the text be fund?
A. In a histry bk.B. In a nvel.C. In an art magazine.D. In a bigraphy.
典例9:（2023新课标III卷C篇片段）Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
9. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. An intrductin t a bk.
B. An essay n the art f writing.
C. A guidebk t a museum.
D. A review f mdern paintings.
【答案及解析】
6. A。若撇开第一自然段不看，那么此题选D也完全可以，但正因为有了第一自然段这个说明("你能读懂药瓶上的说明吗?你理解Take nly as directed.的意思吗?读读下面的说明看看你是否能理解它们")，所以要选A。
7. A。文章主要围绕 Dctr Herman Friedman 在 glbal warming 方面的 talk 展开，故本段是关于一个主旨演讲的海报。
8. C。推理判断题。根据第一段“Each year, the high standard f entries has shwn that the Awards are the perfect platfrm t shwcase the very best phtgraphy f the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual cmpetitin fr phtgraphers frm all cmers f the UK and beynd.”（每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。 对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view是一项令人向往的年度竞赛 ）结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。
9. B。推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. (Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. (在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。
类型三、预测下段推断题
技巧点拨：1)从第一段入手。实用类说明文只要考生把握好第一段即主题段内容, 顺藤摸瓜, 即可推断下段内容应该是主题段中尚未提及的内容。2)从最后一段入手。有时候, 作者在最后一段提到一个话题, 但是没有充分说明, 因此需要在下一段就此问题深入分析、论述或讨论。所以考生学会依据最后一段甚至最后一句话进行推断也不失为明智选择。
典例10:Yga is an ancient practice that helps create a sense f unin in bdy, mind and spirit. It brings us balance. After a lng time f practice yga, yu n lnger just practice it --- yu live it.
Yga becmes part f yur physical life. Yur bdy grws strnger, mre tned, and mre flexible as yu mve frm ne asana --- r pse --- t anther…
Yga becmes part f yur mental life. Yga teaches yu t fcus n breathing while yu hld the pses. This attentin t breath is calming; it disslves stress and anxiety...
10. What will be talked abut if this passage cntinues?
A. Yga becming part f yur spiritual life.
B. Yga becming ppular all ver the wrld.
C. The disadvantages f yga.
D. Encuraging peple t d yga.
典例11: During the curse 1970s, peple started becming cncerned abut the pllutin that is created when cal and gas are burned t prduce electricity. Peple als realized that the supply f cal and gas wuld nt last frever. Then, wind was rediscvered, thugh it means higher casts. Tday, there is a glbal mvement t supply mre and mre f ur electricity thrugh the use f wind.
11. What wuld the authr prbably discuss in the paragraph that fllws?
A. The advantage f wind pwer.
B. The design f wind pwer plants.
C. The wrldwide mvement t save energy.
D. The glbal trend twards prducing pwer frm wind.
典例12: Given the knwn psychlgical benefits, many day-care centers and schls are already encuraging greater cntact with nature-with utdr lessns, regular nature walks and the cnstructin f mud kitchens that encurage children t play in the dirt.
12. What will the authr be likely t talk abut next?
A. Mre benefits f utdr plays.
B. Further study n bdy signals.
C. Many skills f playing dirt.
D. Detailed infrmatin n mud kitchens.
典例13: (2023全国乙卷篇) Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
13. What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.
B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies f big eaters.
【答案及解析】
10. A。Yga is an ancient practice that helps create a sense f unin in bdy, mind and spirit.文章第一句点名瑜伽三大好处；第二三段分别提及bdy, mind，最后一段应该谈论spirit。
11. D。根据文章第三段最后一句“Tday，there is a glbal mvement t supply mre and mre f ur electricity thrugh the use f wind.”可以推断下一步就要涉及风能在全世界的开发利用趋势，即“The glbal trend (趋势) twards prducing pwer frm wind.”。因此D项正确。
12. D。推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the knwn psychlgical benefits, many day-care centers and schls are already encuraging greater cntact with nature-with utdr lessns, regular nature walks and the cnstructin f mud kitchens that encurage children t play in the dirt. (鉴于已知的心理益处，许多日托中心和学校已经在鼓励更多的人去接触自然——户外课程、定期的自然散步和建造泥厨房，鼓励孩子们在泥土中玩耍)”可推知，接下来作者可能会谈论关于泥厨房的详细信息。故选D。
13. B。推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B。
类型四、写作目的推断题
技巧点拨：写作目的通常有以下三种：(1) t entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）t make peple laugh; t tell an interesting experience(2) t persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）t sell a prduct r a service; t attract mre visitrs / readers / audience(3) t infrm readers（告知读者某些信息）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。
典例14: “Have yu ever been ut n a bat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have yu jumped in the water and felt the rush f energy as waves came ver yu?” asked Jamie Taylr f the Wave Energy Grup at the University f Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lt f energy in waves,” he said.
14. The writer uses the tw questins at the beginning f the passage t ______.
A. test the readers’ knwledge abut waves
B. draw the readers’ attentin t the tpic
C. shw Jamie Taylr’s imprtance
D. invite the readers t answer them
典例15: A yung man frm a village called Nawalapitiya married a yung wman frm Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the man's big family---his parents, his brthers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the yung wman sn tk a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar.
Three mnths later the wman went back t her parents' hme, having quarreled with her husband. Sn the elephant refused t eat r wrk. It appeared t be ill and heart-brken. One mrning after several weeks the animal disappeared frm the huse.
It went t the wman's hme. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and tuched her with it. The yung wman was s mved by the act f the animal that she returned t her husband's hme.
15. The writer wrte the stry in rder t________.
A. shw that elephants are very clever
B. tell hw a wman trained a wild animal
C. shw that wmen care mre fr animals than men d
D. tell hw an animal reunited a husband and wife
典例16: Cld weather can be hard n pets, just like it can be hard n peple. Smetimes wners frget that their pets are just as used t the warm shelter(住所) as they are. Sme wners will leave their animals utside fr a lng perid f time, thinking that all animals are used t living utdrs. This can put their pets in danger f serius illness. There are things yu can d t keep yur animal warm and safe.
Keep yur pets inside as much as yu can when the weather is bad. If yu have t take them ut, stay utside with them. When yu're cld enugh t g inside, they prbably are t. If yu must leave them utside fr a lng time, make sure they have a warm, slid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty f nn¬-frzen water.
16. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T slve a prblem.
B. T give practical advice.
C. T tell an interesting stry.
D. T present a research result.
典例16: Earthquake may be ranked as ne f the mst disastrus frces knwn t man: since recrd began t be written dwn, it has been estimated (估计) that earthquake-related deaths have numbered in the millins, and that earthquake-related lss has been beynd calculatin…
The great majrity f all earthquake ccurred in tw particular areas in histry…
It is dubtful that man will be ever be able t cntrl earthquakes and get rid f their damage altgether. But as hw and why earthquakes happen becme better understd, man will becme mre and mre able t deal with their pssible damage befre they ccur.
17. The authr’s purpse in writing the passage prbably is t ____.
A. infrm the reader
B. entertain the reader
C. supprt a thery
D. questin a thery
【答案及解析】
14. B。作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考,或者简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物,往往都是为了引出主题(t draw the readers’ attentin t the tpic/ t serve as an intrductin t the discussin)。
15. D。根据The yung wman was s mved by the act f the anima. S she went back t her husband’s hme联系全篇内容可知这篇短文主要讲述了一头通人性的大象让一对吵架的夫妇重归于好的故事．所以D选项是正确的。
16. B。第一段最后一句点明了文章中心话题，再根据本文内容可知，本文意在提供实用性建议。
17. A。文章第一段介绍地震给人类造成的巨大危害，第二段分析地震频发的地方，第三段分析地震预防方面的前景，因此可以推断写作目的不是娱乐，也不是就某一理论提出质疑，而是给读者提供一些信息，教育读者。因此本题最佳答案是A。
阅读理解推理判断题片段训练
测试1: Mst peple agree that naturally grwn fd tastes better. Is tastier fd wrth the extra mney? This is a matter f pinin. Whether it is healthier r nt may require mre research. Hwever, rganic cnsumers argue it is better t be safe than srry.
1. What is prbably the majr cncern f rganic fd cnsumers?
A. Price. B. Safety. C. Freshness. D. Variety.
测试2: Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging. When the wrld was still ppulated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther. Sme language experts believe that 10,000 years ag, when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
2. What can we infer abut languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A. They develped very fast.
B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patterns.
D. They were clsely cnnected.
测试3: "I have a special lve fr the French Guianese peple. I have wrked there n and ff fr almst ten years? " says Gin. "I've been able t keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allwed t gain access t their living envirnment. I dn't see it as a lawless land. But rather see it as an area f freedm."
3. What is Gin’s attitude twards the lives f the indigenus Guianese?
A. Cautius. B. Dubtful.
C. Uninterested. D. Appreciative.
测试4: “Yu can use me as a last resrt (选择), and if nbdy else vlunteers, then I will d it.” This was an actual reply frm a parent after I put ut a request fr vlunteers fr my kids’ lacrsse (长曲棍球) club.
4. What can we infer abut the parent frm her reply in paragraph 1?
A. She knws little abut the club.
B. She isn’t gd at sprts.
C. She just desn’t want t vlunteer.
D. She’s unable t meet her schedule.
测试5: In a study describing the technlgy, the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd “tuch” fur times using the smart keybard. Data cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw errr rates. The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
5. Where is this text mst likely frm?
A. A diary. B. A guidebk.C. A nvel. D. A magazine.
测试6: Whaley gt the idea f this secnd-grade presidential campaign prject when he asked the children ne day t raise their hands if they thught they culd never be a president. The answer brke his heart. Whaley says the prject is abut mre than just learning t read and speak in public. He wants these kids t learn t bast (夸耀) abut themselves.
6. We can infer that the purpse f Whaley’s prject is t _________.
A. help students see their wn strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students fr their future jbs
D. inspire students’ lve fr plitics
【答案与解析】
1. B。推理判断题。文章最后一段尾句Hwever, rganic cnsumers argue it is better t be safe than srry“有机食品消费者认为安全总比后悔好”，可推知，机食品消费者主要关注安全，故选B。
2. B。推理判断题。由hunter-gatherer times定位到第一自然段，根据when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 1200languages between them. 可是当时人少，但是语言很多。故答案是B。
3. D。推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句“I have a special lve fr the French Guianese peple. I have wrked there n and ff fr almst ten years,”我对法国Guianese人有一个特殊的爱。我在那里工作了将近十年了。所以他对法国Guianese人是赞赏的。
4. C。推理判断题。“Yu can use me as a last resrt (选择), and if nbdy else vlunteers, then I will d it.”
这位家长不情愿做志愿者工作，因此答案C. She just desn’t want t vlunteer.
5. D。推理判断题。解析：本段关键字technlgy 所以介绍科技类文章比较可能选自杂志，因此选择D. A magazine. （当然本文综合全文更好。）
6. A。推理判断题。Whaley says the prject is abut mre than just learning t read and speak in public. He wants these kids t learn t bast (夸耀) abut themselves. 让孩子们学会夸耀自己，所以选择A help students see their wn strengths（长处，优点。）
阅读理解推理判断题片段语篇训练
强化1: (2023新课标I卷C篇) The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances.
8. What is the bk aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Slving philsphical prblems.D. Prmting the use f a digital device.
9. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
10. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Statistical methds.
C. Practical examples.D. Histrical analyses.
11. What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw?
A. Use them as needed.B. Recmmend them t friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】8. B9. A10. C11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
8.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
9.词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
10.推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
11.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
强化2: (2022新课标I卷D篇)Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
32. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
33. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
35. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.
B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
【答案】32. D33. C34. A35. C
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
32. D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and "v", were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.（30多年前，学者Charles Hckett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。）”可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D。
33. C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned，making it hard t prduce labidentals，which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure , making it easier t prduce such sunds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C。
34. A。主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the s Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A。
35. C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.（研究小组成员Steven Mran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，Steven Mran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C。
Mike Shepherd(2011) Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria, England
…
Timthy Smith(2014) Macclesfield Frest Cheshire, England
…
2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习，重视基础知识的同时，要坚持阅读训练，促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。英语的进步并非一蹴而就，需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。做到这一点，成功只是早晚的事！
专题37【口袋书】阅读理解推理判断题满分对策 解析版
阅读理解推理判断题命题规律探究
一、推理判断题解题三步曲
1．定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。
2．字面理解：理解相关信息点字面意义。
3．深层理解：进而理解作者的言外之意。
二、推理判断题干扰项特征
1. 似是而非：只是对原文信息简单重述，而不是依据文章提供事实依据推断出来的结论。
2. 夸大事实：对文章的事实或证据进行夸大；有时，选项内容与原文一致无需推断。
3. 推理过度：选项往往过于绝对化或片面化(以偏概全)，有时会出现nly, all等词语。
4. 掺入常识：根据考生已有常识是正确的，但不是根据文章中的证据推断出来的结论。
三、推理判断题五大解题技巧
1．抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住关键词或短语利用逆向思维或正面推理。
2．整合全文(段)信息进行推断。整合与题目相关的信息，综合推理判断定结论。
3．利用语境的褒贬性进行推断。考虑主人公特定心理和情绪状态褒贬性来推断。
4．根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。作者思想倾向和感情色彩隐含在字里行间。
5．根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。严格根据文章中所陈述的事实论点例证来推理。
阅读理解推理判断题分类点拨
题型一：人物态度推断题
词汇点拨：一是乐观支持类：psitive肯定的favrable 支持的，赞同的supprtive支持的apprval赞成的 二是客观中立类：bjective客观的neutral中立的cautius谨慎的 三是消极反对类：negative否定的ppsite相反的unfair公正的dubtful怀疑的indifferent漠不关心的critical批评的irnic讽刺的。
方法点拨：第一，不要加入自己的态度。第二，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wnderfully, successfully, unfrtunately, dubtfully 等。
典例1: Why isn’t yur newspaper reprting any gd news? All I read abut is murder, bribery(行贿), and death. Frankly, I’m sick f all this bad news.
1. This authr’s attitude twards the newspaper reprting is t _____.
A. cmplain B. aplgize C. amuse D. infrm
典例2: Laughing is essential t keep yur stress levels under cntrl. Withut humr we wuld find urselves with a lt f psychlgical prblems, r n a lt f medicatins t keep us frm ging crazy. There is t much sadness in this present wrld. It drives peple crazy. We all need t find a way t bypass the sadness and bring a little light int ur lives. S, I believe ur best medicine is t get tgether and tell sme jkes and have sme fun laughing tgether.
2. What is the writer’s attitude twards the present wrld?
A. Psitive B. Critical C. Satisfied D. Indifferent
典例3: The theries f mdern psychlgy have stepped in t argue that we must understand the needs f ur children. Children are nt just small adults; they are children wh must be respected as such.
Well, yu may say, this is as it shuld be, and a gd idea. But think further. What happens? “Educatin” becmes the respnsibility nt f teachers, but f psychlgists. What happens then?
3. What is the authr’s attitude tward the theries f mdern psychlgy?
A. Uninterested B. Tlerant C. Satisfied D. Critical
典例4: New technlgy links the wrld as never befre. Our planet has becme smaller. It’s nw a “glbal village” where cuntries are nly secnds away by fax r phne r satellite link. And, f curse, ur ability t benefit frm this high-tech cmmunicatins equipment is greatly increased by freign language skills.
4. What is the authr’s attitude tward high-tech cmmunicatins equipment?
A. Critical B. Prejudiced C. Indifferent.D. Psitive
典例5: (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ·D片段) Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt，the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis(重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
5. What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable. B. Intlerant. C. Dubtful. D. Unclear.
【答案及解析】
1. A。作者一是想读者说明这份报纸上指登载负面新闻，如凶杀行贿受贿、死亡等，二是字里行间留出作者的抱怨情绪，故选A。
2. A 。从文中最后一段不难看出，作者觉得现在的世界有太多的悲伤，有时候甚至可以把人逼疯，所以作者对现在的世界是持一种批判的态度。
3. D。由最后一段的句子Frequently the mdern methds are s cmplicated that they fail t be understd by the teachers, let alne the children;可知，作者认为现代的方式太复杂，以至于他们无法被老师理解，更不用说孩子们。因此推断作者对于现代教育方式持批判的态度。
4. D。根据文章第一段中And, f curse, ur ability t benefit frm this high-tech cmmunicatin equipment is greatly imprved by freign language skills.可以推测作者对高科技交流设备是持积极态度。
5. A。观点态度题。依据“忠于措辞法”。本段含有beneficial，psitive，helped等褒义措辞，由此可推知，作者对情商普及化是支持的。故选A。
题型二：文章出处推断题。
技巧点拨：这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：
旅游指南类文章(a travel guide)：此类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。
广告英语类文章(an advertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。
课件展示类文章(a class presentatin)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。
网络网页类文章(an Internet page)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如Fr mre infrmatin, please click here.
新闻报道类文章(a news reprt)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容，下面陈述细节。
研究报告类文章(a research paper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。
图书评论类文章(a bk review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。
科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
典例6: D yu always understand the directins n a bttle f medicine? D yu knw what is meant by “Take nly as directed?” Read the fllwing directins and see if yu understand them.
T reduce pain, take tw tablets(药片) with water, fllwed by ne tablet every eight hurs, as required. Fr night-time and early mrning relief (缓解疼痛) take tw tablets at bedtime. D nt take mre than six tablets in twenty-fur hurs.
Fr children six t twelve years ld, give half the amunt . Fr children under six years ld, ask yur dctr’s advice.
Reduce the amunt if yu suffer frm restlessness r sleeplessness after taking the medicine.
6. This text is mst prbably taken frm a __________.
A. textbk B. newsreel(新闻电影) C. dctr’s ntebk D. bttle f medicine
典例7: Want t knw mre abut glbal warming and hw yu can help prevent it? Dctr Herman Friedman, wh is cnsidered a leading expert n the subject, will speak at Graysn Hall next Friday. Friedman studied envirnmental science at three well-knwn universities arund the wrld befre becming a prfessr in the subject. He has als traveled arund the wrld bserving envirnmental cncerns. The gradual bleaching (变白) f the Great Barrier Reef, which came in t the public eye in 2002, is his latest interest. Signed cpies f his clrful bk, which was published just last mnth, will be n sale after his talk.
7. This passage is mst prbably ____________.
A. a pster abut a lecture
B. an ad fr a new bk
C. a nte t a dctr in a university
D. an intrductin t a prfessr
典例8:（2021全国乙卷A篇）A Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Phtgrapher f the Year Award, was the idea f Charlie Waite, ne f tday's mst respected landscape phtgraphers. Each year, the high standard f entries has shwn that the Awards are the perfect platfrm t shwcase the very best phtgraphy f the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual cmpetitin fr phtgraphers frm all cmers f the UK and beynd.
8. Where can the text be fund?
A. In a histry bk.B. In a nvel.C. In an art magazine.D. In a bigraphy.
典例9:（2023新课标III卷C篇片段）Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
9. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. An intrductin t a bk.
B. An essay n the art f writing.
C. A guidebk t a museum.
D. A review f mdern paintings.
【答案及解析】
6. A。若撇开第一自然段不看，那么此题选D也完全可以，但正因为有了第一自然段这个说明("你能读懂药瓶上的说明吗?你理解Take nly as directed.的意思吗?读读下面的说明看看你是否能理解它们")，所以要选A。
7. A。文章主要围绕 Dctr Herman Friedman 在 glbal warming 方面的 talk 展开，故本段是关于一个主旨演讲的海报。
8. C。推理判断题。根据第一段“Each year, the high standard f entries has shwn that the Awards are the perfect platfrm t shwcase the very best phtgraphy f the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual cmpetitin fr phtgraphers frm all cmers f the UK and beynd.”（每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。 对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view是一项令人向往的年度竞赛 ）结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。
9. B。推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. (Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. (在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。
类型三、预测下段推断题
技巧点拨：1)从第一段入手。实用类说明文只要考生把握好第一段即主题段内容, 顺藤摸瓜, 即可推断下段内容应该是主题段中尚未提及的内容。2)从最后一段入手。有时候, 作者在最后一段提到一个话题, 但是没有充分说明, 因此需要在下一段就此问题深入分析、论述或讨论。所以考生学会依据最后一段甚至最后一句话进行推断也不失为明智选择。
典例10:Yga is an ancient practice that helps create a sense f unin in bdy, mind and spirit. It brings us balance. After a lng time f practice yga, yu n lnger just practice it --- yu live it.
Yga becmes part f yur physical life. Yur bdy grws strnger, mre tned, and mre flexible as yu mve frm ne asana --- r pse --- t anther…
Yga becmes part f yur mental life. Yga teaches yu t fcus n breathing while yu hld the pses. This attentin t breath is calming; it disslves stress and anxiety...
10. What will be talked abut if this passage cntinues?
A. Yga becming part f yur spiritual life.
B. Yga becming ppular all ver the wrld.
C. The disadvantages f yga.
D. Encuraging peple t d yga.
典例11: During the curse 1970s, peple started becming cncerned abut the pllutin that is created when cal and gas are burned t prduce electricity. Peple als realized that the supply f cal and gas wuld nt last frever. Then, wind was rediscvered, thugh it means higher casts. Tday, there is a glbal mvement t supply mre and mre f ur electricity thrugh the use f wind.
11. What wuld the authr prbably discuss in the paragraph that fllws?
A. The advantage f wind pwer.
B. The design f wind pwer plants.
C. The wrldwide mvement t save energy.
D. The glbal trend twards prducing pwer frm wind.
典例12: Given the knwn psychlgical benefits, many day-care centers and schls are already encuraging greater cntact with nature-with utdr lessns, regular nature walks and the cnstructin f mud kitchens that encurage children t play in the dirt.
12. What will the authr be likely t talk abut next?
A. Mre benefits f utdr plays.
B. Further study n bdy signals.
C. Many skills f playing dirt.
D. Detailed infrmatin n mud kitchens.
典例13: (2023全国乙卷篇) Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
13. What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.
B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies f big eaters.
【答案及解析】
10. A。Yga is an ancient practice that helps create a sense f unin in bdy, mind and spirit.文章第一句点名瑜伽三大好处；第二三段分别提及bdy, mind，最后一段应该谈论spirit。
11. D。根据文章第三段最后一句“Tday，there is a glbal mvement t supply mre and mre f ur electricity thrugh the use f wind.”可以推断下一步就要涉及风能在全世界的开发利用趋势，即“The glbal trend (趋势) twards prducing pwer frm wind.”。因此D项正确。
12. D。推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the knwn psychlgical benefits, many day-care centers and schls are already encuraging greater cntact with nature-with utdr lessns, regular nature walks and the cnstructin f mud kitchens that encurage children t play in the dirt. (鉴于已知的心理益处，许多日托中心和学校已经在鼓励更多的人去接触自然——户外课程、定期的自然散步和建造泥厨房，鼓励孩子们在泥土中玩耍)”可推知，接下来作者可能会谈论关于泥厨房的详细信息。故选D。
13. B。推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B。
类型四、写作目的推断题
技巧点拨：写作目的通常有以下三种：(1) t entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）t make peple laugh; t tell an interesting experience(2) t persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）t sell a prduct r a service; t attract mre visitrs / readers / audience(3) t infrm readers（告知读者某些信息）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。
典例14: “Have yu ever been ut n a bat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have yu jumped in the water and felt the rush f energy as waves came ver yu?” asked Jamie Taylr f the Wave Energy Grup at the University f Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lt f energy in waves,” he said.
14. The writer uses the tw questins at the beginning f the passage t ______.
A. test the readers’ knwledge abut waves
B. draw the readers’ attentin t the tpic
C. shw Jamie Taylr’s imprtance
D. invite the readers t answer them
典例15: A yung man frm a village called Nawalapitiya married a yung wman frm Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the man's big family---his parents, his brthers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the yung wman sn tk a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar.
Three mnths later the wman went back t her parents' hme, having quarreled with her husband. Sn the elephant refused t eat r wrk. It appeared t be ill and heart-brken. One mrning after several weeks the animal disappeared frm the huse.
It went t the wman's hme. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and tuched her with it. The yung wman was s mved by the act f the animal that she returned t her husband's hme.
15. The writer wrte the stry in rder t________.
A. shw that elephants are very clever
B. tell hw a wman trained a wild animal
C. shw that wmen care mre fr animals than men d
D. tell hw an animal reunited a husband and wife
典例16: Cld weather can be hard n pets, just like it can be hard n peple. Smetimes wners frget that their pets are just as used t the warm shelter(住所) as they are. Sme wners will leave their animals utside fr a lng perid f time, thinking that all animals are used t living utdrs. This can put their pets in danger f serius illness. There are things yu can d t keep yur animal warm and safe.
Keep yur pets inside as much as yu can when the weather is bad. If yu have t take them ut, stay utside with them. When yu're cld enugh t g inside, they prbably are t. If yu must leave them utside fr a lng time, make sure they have a warm, slid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty f nn¬-frzen water.
16. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T slve a prblem.
B. T give practical advice.
C. T tell an interesting stry.
D. T present a research result.
典例16: Earthquake may be ranked as ne f the mst disastrus frces knwn t man: since recrd began t be written dwn, it has been estimated (估计) that earthquake-related deaths have numbered in the millins, and that earthquake-related lss has been beynd calculatin…
The great majrity f all earthquake ccurred in tw particular areas in histry…
It is dubtful that man will be ever be able t cntrl earthquakes and get rid f their damage altgether. But as hw and why earthquakes happen becme better understd, man will becme mre and mre able t deal with their pssible damage befre they ccur.
17. The authr’s purpse in writing the passage prbably is t ____.
A. infrm the reader
B. entertain the reader
C. supprt a thery
D. questin a thery
【答案及解析】
14. B。作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考,或者简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物,往往都是为了引出主题(t draw the readers’ attentin t the tpic/ t serve as an intrductin t the discussin)。
15. D。根据The yung wman was s mved by the act f the anima. S she went back t her husband’s hme联系全篇内容可知这篇短文主要讲述了一头通人性的大象让一对吵架的夫妇重归于好的故事．所以D选项是正确的。
16. B。第一段最后一句点明了文章中心话题，再根据本文内容可知，本文意在提供实用性建议。
17. A。文章第一段介绍地震给人类造成的巨大危害，第二段分析地震频发的地方，第三段分析地震预防方面的前景，因此可以推断写作目的不是娱乐，也不是就某一理论提出质疑，而是给读者提供一些信息，教育读者。因此本题最佳答案是A。
阅读理解推理判断题片段训练
测试1: Mst peple agree that naturally grwn fd tastes better. Is tastier fd wrth the extra mney? This is a matter f pinin. Whether it is healthier r nt may require mre research. Hwever, rganic cnsumers argue it is better t be safe than srry.
1. What is prbably the majr cncern f rganic fd cnsumers?
A. Price. B. Safety. C. Freshness. D. Variety.
测试2: Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging. When the wrld was still ppulated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther. Sme language experts believe that 10,000 years ag, when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
2. What can we infer abut languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A. They develped very fast.
B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patterns.
D. They were clsely cnnected.
测试3: "I have a special lve fr the French Guianese peple. I have wrked there n and ff fr almst ten years? " says Gin. "I've been able t keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allwed t gain access t their living envirnment. I dn't see it as a lawless land. But rather see it as an area f freedm."
3. What is Gin’s attitude twards the lives f the indigenus Guianese?
A. Cautius. B. Dubtful.
C. Uninterested. D. Appreciative.
测试4: “Yu can use me as a last resrt (选择), and if nbdy else vlunteers, then I will d it.” This was an actual reply frm a parent after I put ut a request fr vlunteers fr my kids’ lacrsse (长曲棍球) club.
4. What can we infer abut the parent frm her reply in paragraph 1?
A. She knws little abut the club.
B. She isn’t gd at sprts.
C. She just desn’t want t vlunteer.
D. She’s unable t meet her schedule.
测试5: In a study describing the technlgy, the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd “tuch” fur times using the smart keybard. Data cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw errr rates. The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
5. Where is this text mst likely frm?
A. A diary. B. A guidebk.C. A nvel. D. A magazine.
测试6: Whaley gt the idea f this secnd-grade presidential campaign prject when he asked the children ne day t raise their hands if they thught they culd never be a president. The answer brke his heart. Whaley says the prject is abut mre than just learning t read and speak in public. He wants these kids t learn t bast (夸耀) abut themselves.
6. We can infer that the purpse f Whaley’s prject is t _________.
A. help students see their wn strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students fr their future jbs
D. inspire students’ lve fr plitics
【答案与解析】
1. B。推理判断题。文章最后一段尾句Hwever, rganic cnsumers argue it is better t be safe than srry“有机食品消费者认为安全总比后悔好”，可推知，机食品消费者主要关注安全，故选B。
2. B。推理判断题。由hunter-gatherer times定位到第一自然段，根据when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 1200languages between them. 可是当时人少，但是语言很多。故答案是B。
3. D。推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句“I have a special lve fr the French Guianese peple. I have wrked there n and ff fr almst ten years,”我对法国Guianese人有一个特殊的爱。我在那里工作了将近十年了。所以他对法国Guianese人是赞赏的。
4. C。推理判断题。“Yu can use me as a last resrt (选择), and if nbdy else vlunteers, then I will d it.”
这位家长不情愿做志愿者工作，因此答案C. She just desn’t want t vlunteer.
5. D。推理判断题。解析：本段关键字technlgy 所以介绍科技类文章比较可能选自杂志，因此选择D. A magazine. （当然本文综合全文更好。）
6. A。推理判断题。Whaley says the prject is abut mre than just learning t read and speak in public. He wants these kids t learn t bast (夸耀) abut themselves. 让孩子们学会夸耀自己，所以选择A help students see their wn strengths（长处，优点。）
阅读理解推理判断题片段语篇训练
强化1: (2023新课标I卷C篇) The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude (独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances.
8. What is the bk aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Slving philsphical prblems.D. Prmting the use f a digital device.
9. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
10. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Statistical methds.
C. Practical examples.D. Histrical analyses.
11. What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw?
A. Use them as needed.B. Recmmend them t friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】8. B9. A10. C11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
8.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
9.词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
10.推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
11.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrds fr yur particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
强化2: (2022新课标I卷D篇)Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
32. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
33. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
35. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.
B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
【答案】32. D33. C34. A35. C
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
32. D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and "v", were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.（30多年前，学者Charles Hckett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。）”可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D。
33. C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned，making it hard t prduce labidentals，which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure , making it easier t prduce such sunds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C。
34. A。主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the s Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A。
35. C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.（研究小组成员Steven Mran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，Steven Mran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C。
Mike Shepherd(2011) Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria, England
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Timthy Smith(2014) Macclesfield Frest Cheshire, England
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