2022届高考英语一轮复习讲义学案（新教材人教版）选择性必修第三册　Unit 4　Adversity and Courage

这是一份2022届高考英语一轮复习讲义学案（新教材人教版）选择性必修第三册　Unit 4　Adversity and Courage，共14页。


教材词汇要记牢
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1．adversity n．困境；逆境
2．expeditin n．探险；远征；探险队
3．endurance n．忍耐力；耐久力
4．steward n．(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员
5．crush vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎n.拥挤的人群
6．stve n．炉具；厨房灶具
7．belngings n．[pl.]财物；动产
8．banj n．班卓琴(乐器)
9．miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的
10．vyage n．& vi.航海；航行
11．csy adj.温馨的；舒适的
12．selfish adj.自私的
13．gd/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的
14．rugby n．橄榄球运动
15．rugh adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的
16．navigatr n．领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者
17．Cnfucianism n．孔子学说；儒家(学说)
18．Antarctica南极洲
19．the Antarctic南极地区
20．the Suth Ple南极
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1．wage n．工资
2．bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
3．vigur n．精力；力量；活力
4．cupbard n．橱柜；壁橱；衣柜
5．sink vi.沉没；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没
6．abandn vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
7．blanket n．毯子
8．navy n．海军；海军部队
9．decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的
10．genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
11．crew n．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
12．thrugh adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的
13．furniture n．家具
14．bark vi.& n．(狗)吠叫；吠叫声
15．bat n．球拍；蝙蝠vi.& vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打
16．damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的
17．recreatin n．娱乐；消遣；游戏
18．nephew n．侄子；外甥
19．lyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的
20．mtr n．发动机；马达 adj.有引擎的；机动车的
21．candidate n．候选人；应试者
22．episde n．(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲
23．mtive n．动机；原因；目的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify vt.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→qualificatin n．资格；资历；资格证书
2．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地→enthusiasm n．热情；热忱
3．abard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→bard v．上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿n.木板；董事会；伙食
4．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n．任务；作业；分配
5．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌→envius adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的
6．perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求
7．reslve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→reslutin n．决议；解决；坚定
8．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n．残忍；残酷
9．unfrtunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→frtunately adv.幸运地→frtune n．运气；财产
10．guidance n．指导；引导；导航→guide n．导游；指南vt.带领；引导；为……领路
11．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisement n．广告；宣传
12．crprate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的→crpratin n．(大)公司；法人
13．cmmitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→cmmit vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→cmmitted adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．turn sb.dwn拒绝(某人)
2．make fire生火
3．give ff放出(热、光、气味或气体)
高频词汇来助力
1．mess n．凌乱
2．midnight n．午夜
3．mild adj.温和的；轻微的
4．mineral n．矿物质，矿物
5．minister n．部长；牧师
6．minrity n．少数；少数民族
7．misleading adj.欺骗的；误导性的
8．mixture n．混合；混合物
经典句式需悟通
1．We have been struggling fr days，but things n Elephant Island are ging frm bad t wrse.
这些天我们一直在挣扎，但是大象岛上的情况变得更糟了。
2．It will eventually lead t success as lng as yu persevere.
只要你坚持，你最终会成功。
3．What if they were delayed?
如果他们被延误了怎么办？
4．If it weren’t fr sea animals，we wuld all starve.
要是没有海上的动物，我们都会饿死的。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共9分)
1．adversity n．困境；逆境
2．expeditin n．探险；远征；探险队
3．steward n．(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员
4．belngings n．[pl.]财物；动产
5．miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的
6．vyage n．& vi.航海；航行
7．csy adj.温馨的；舒适的
8．selfish adj.自私的
9．rugh adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共24分)
10．wage n．工资
11．vigur n．精力；力量；活力
12．sink vi.沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没
13．abandn vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
14．blanket n．毯子
15．decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的
16．genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
17．thrugh adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的
18．recreatin n．娱乐；消遣；游戏
19．lyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的
20．candidate n．候选人；应试者
21．mtive n．动机；原因；目的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共14分)
22．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify vt.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→qualificatin n．资格；资历；资格证书
23．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地→enthusiasm n．热情；热忱
24．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n．任务；作业；分配
25．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n．残忍；残酷
26．unfrtunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→frtunately adv.幸运地→frtune n．运气；财产
27．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisement n．广告；宣传
28．cmmitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→cmmit vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→cmmitted adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
29．mess n．凌乱
30．mild adj.温和的；轻微的
31．minrity n．少数；少数民族
32．misleading adj.欺骗的；误导性的
33．mixture n．混合；混合物
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共6分)
34．turn sb.dwn 拒绝(某人)
35．make fire生火
36．give ff放出(热、光、气味或气体)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题1分，共8分)
1．As far as I’m cncerned，the new rmmate is hnest，genuine，enthusiastic and full f vigur.
2．When yu get ff the bus，d keep in mind that yu must take yur belngings.
3．Welcme t ne f the largest cllectins f shes in the wrld that will make yu green with envy.
4．Unfrtunately，instead f hitting the ball，he hit his wn false teeth!
5．Our head teacher requested us t d sme thrugh(彻底的) cleaning befre class the next day.
6．Under the guidance(指导) f ur teacher，we finished the experiment perfectly.
7．Please send us all the infrmatin that yu have abut the candidate(s)(应试者) fr the psitin.
8．Abandned(遗弃) by his wner，the little dg was leading a miserable life.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．Tday I am as enthusiastic abut my jb as the first day and my enthusiasm enables me t treat my jb enthusiastically.(enthusiastic)
10．Believe it r nt，my husband treated me cruelly and his cruelty always made me in lw spirits.
(cruel)
11．Instead f reslving t lse weight，try a practical reslutin：“I’ll stp having dessert fr lunch.” (reslve)
12．Frtunately，he received a large frtune frm his uncle wh is warm-hearted and generus.
(frtunate)
13．He cmmitted himself t wrking day and night.His cmmitment wn him a great reputatin.
(cmmit)
14．He persevered with his vilin lessns.It was his perseverance that enabled him t becme a distinguished vilinist.(persevere)
15．He has educatinal qualificatins and hence he is well qualified fr the jb as a tutr.(qualify)
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共20分)
16．我一直梦想着被一所重点大学录取。
I have been dreaming f being admitted t a key university.
17．只要你采纳我的建议，你一定会在北京上大学期间拥有最难忘的经历。
As lng as yu take my advice，yu are bund t have the mst unfrgettable experience during yur cllege in Beijing.
18．要是我学习英语时遇到许多困难怎么办？
What if I cme acrss many difficulties when I study English?
19．如果我是你，我肯定会充分利用时间来提高我的学业成绩。
If I were yu，I wuld certainly make full use f the time t imprve my academic perfrmance.
Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
An expeditin t the Suth Ple with the great Sir Ernest Shackletn is an adventure that I 1.have been dreaming(dream) f.Hwever,2.when I applied t jin the expeditin，Shackletn turned me dwn because he thught I was t yung and wasn’t 3.qualified(qualify)，s I had n chice but t secretly g abard his ship，the Endurance.Later I 4.was discvered(discver) and Shackletn had t assign me t be 5.a steward.The jurney wasn’t very easy，fr the Endurance was stuck in the ice as we apprached Antarctica.And when the ship sank，ur hearts sank with it.Befre we abandned the ship，Shackletn 6.calmly(calm) tld us t rescue ur mst essential supplies and he 7.himself(he) threw away all his gld.He allwed Hussey t keep his banj，8.which made us surprised.We had been struggling fr days，but things were ging frm bad t wrse.Sn after we arrived at Elephant Island，Shackletn left us t find help.Smetimes we were able t catch a seal r a penguin t eat.I tried t think f 9.happier(happy) things.I was grateful fr Frank and Ernest’s genuine cncern fr thers.Their 10.perseverance(persevere) and their reslve filled me with hpe.
Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Using Language部分
eq \x(give ff，episde，cmmitment，persevere，make fire)
We watched as Shackletn and the bat sailed away frm Elephant Island t seek help.Twenty-tw f us were left behind.Staying alive tk all ur time and energy.We drank water frm the melted ice.We 1.made fire using animal fat and this 2.gave ff the black smke.We ate sea animals.We lived like this in the cld fr fur mnths.Our ptimism and faith in Shackletn had helped us 3.persevere in staying alive.Finally，Shackletn paid us back by his 4.cmmitment t save us frm a slw but painful death.What happened during the time were precius 5.episdes in ur life.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He is selfish and bad-tempered.Thus，he will never be enthusiastic abut helping thse in truble.
(2)While he is leading a miserable life，he still can treat peple arund him with enthusiasm(enthusiastic)．
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使得我适合报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。
I am nt nly enthusiastic but als easy t get alng with，which makes me qualified fr the vluntary wrk advertised in the newspaper.
(4)尽管失败了几次，伯纳德和杰克仍然热情地做爆米花。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
Bernard and Jack still made ppcrn enthusiastically/with enthusiasm in spite f several failures.
abard adv.& prep.上船、飞机、公共汽车等
能力提升——完美写作·完成句子/一句多译·背诵
(1)他高个，宽肩，留着胡子，总是满面微笑。(读后续写之外貌描写)
He was tall with brad shulders and a beard and always wre a brad smile.
(2)得知你将去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。(应用文之告知信)
Learning that yu will g abrad fr further study，I’m writing t infrm yu f sme necessary d’s and dn’ts.
(3)这对年轻夫妇一上船，他们就吃东西，说话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。
①The instant the yung cuple went abard the ship，they were eating，talking and laughing ludly as if they were the nly peple in the wrld.(abard)
②The instant the yung cuple barded the ship，they were eating，talking and laughing ludly as if they were the nly peple in the wrld.(bard)
envy n.& vt.羡慕；嫉妒
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)I was green with envy frm the bttm f my heart because he was leading a csy and decent life.
(2)I envied(envy) him being enthusiastic and full f vigur and it seemed that he never felt exhausted.
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。
Hnestly speaking，I d envy yu getting the title f the Excellent Graduate and I shuld fllw yur example.
(4)李明不仅学得快，而且善于用逻辑思维解决难题，我都有点眼红了。
Nt nly is Li Ming quick at learning but als he is gd at slving tugh prblems with lgical mind.I am green with envy.
abandn vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
n．放任；放纵
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He abandned asking(ask) fr his guidance，which was beynd ur expectatins.
(2)My nephew abandned himself t abusing(abuse) drugs and he culdn’t make a cmmitment t his study.
再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵
(3)(普通表达)I abandned myself t cmputer games.I perfrmed extremely badly in the end-f-term examinatin.
①(高级表达)Abandning myself t cmputer games，I perfrmed extremely badly in the end-f-term examinatin.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
②(高级表达)Abandned t cmputer games，I perfrmed extremely badly in the end-f-term examinatin.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
reslve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)
n．决心；坚定的信念
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)I reslved t turn(turn) dwn his invitatin because my teacher assigned t much hmewrk.
(2)The steward has reslved(reslve) many prblems n the plane perfectly，s he is certainly qualified fr his jb.
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧，因此我们国家决定不遗余力地保护它们。(写作话题之文化遗产与保护)
Cultural relics represent the wisdm f ur ancestrs，s ur cuntry has reslved t spare n effrt t prtect them.
(4)为了解决冲突，我们应该学会多沟通，把自己放在别人的位置上。(写作话题之人际沟通)
T reslve cnflicts，we shuld learn t cmmunicate mre and put urselves in thers’ place.
unfrtunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Unfrtunately(unfrtunate)，I still failed in spite f endurance and perseverance.
(2)Frtunately(frtunate)，I managed t jin the navy and went n a vyage tw mnths later.
再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(3)我有幸得到一次沿丝绸之路旅行的宝贵机会。
①I am frtunate t get/in getting a precius pprtunity t travel alng the Silk Rad.(frtunate)
②I have the gd frtune t get a precius pprtunity t travel alng the Silk Rad.(frtune)
what if...
What if they were delayed? 如果他们被延误了怎么办？
根据句意用上述短语填空
(1)I grew anxius：what if the family had simply left the cat behind?
(2)—Will yu please g and empty that drawer?
—What fr?
(3)—Linda didn’t invite us t the party.
—S what? I dn’t care.
(4)Hw/What abut meeting at the nearby restaurant s that we can have a nice small talk?
if引导的虚拟语气
If it weren’t fr sea animals，we wuld all starve.
要是没有海上的动物，我们都会饿死的。

能力提升——完美写作·语段填空/单句写作·背诵
(1)受邀在这里做演讲我感到荣幸。今天我的演讲主题是“如果我是一名环卫工人”。如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市更干净，街上没有任何垃圾。
I feel hnred t be invited here t deliver a speech.Tday the tpic f my speech is “If I were a dustman”．If I were a dustman，I wuld make ur city cleaner with n rubbish lying n the street.
(2)如果我早听从你的建议，我就会通过这场重要的考试了。
If I had fllwed yur advice，I wuld have passed the imprtant exam.
(3)如果我明天看到他，我就会告诉他我在昨天举行的比赛中获得第一名的好消息。
If I saw/were t see/shuld see him tmrrw，I wuld infrm him f the gd news that I ranked first in the cmpetitin held yesterday.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
rugh
eq \x(A.adj.汹涌的；风浪很大的 B.adj.崎岖的 C.adj.粗略的 D.adj.艰难的 E.adj.粗鲁的)
1．I can’t tlerate sailing in rugh sea. A
2．Accrding t a rugh estimate，abut fifty seals starve t death annually. C
3．I dn’t knw hw t release the pressure in such a rugh time. D
4．The ice n the rugh rad has melted and it is safe t drive n it nw. B
5．He is such a rugh child that he desn’t behave himself. E
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．My heart sank(sink) when I was infrmed that my mderate refrms ended up in failure.
2．When I submitted the regulatins I designed t my bss，he turned me dwn immediately.
3．I am writing t tell yu that I am qualified(qualify) fr the jb yu are advertising.
4．Our mnitr is enthusiastic abut creating a harmnius campus and he ften launches sme campaigns t prmte it.
5．These plicies will be abandned(abandn) because f financial prblems next year.
6．We have reslved t reduce(reduce) ur carbn ftprint by restricting the amunt f carbn dixide ur lifestyles prduce.
7．Frtunately(frtunate)，I succeeded in seizing this precius chance t be a vlunteer in the activity.
8．As is knwn t us all，he has remained lyal t his plitical principles and he will never betray his mtherland.
9．Bicycles are envirnmentally friendly because they wn’t give ff waste gas.
10．The enterprises have thrughly(thrugh) implemented what they have prmised t the public.
Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力
(话题写作之人际交往)
1．我一直和我的同学相处得不好，我不知道如何和他们交流。(have been ding)
I have been getting n badly with my classmates and I dn’t knw hw t cmmunicate with them.
2．要是我一直困在这种糟糕的情况中会怎么样呢？(What if)
What if I keep being trapped in such a terrible situatin?
3．我亲爱的老师们一直告诉我：“只要你足够自信，抓住每个和别人聊天的机会，你就可以改变这种情况。”(as lng as)
My dear teachers keep telling me，“As lng as yu are cnfident enugh and grasp every chance t chat with thers，yu can transfrm the situatin.”
4．如果老师们没有帮助我，我就不会和我的同学交朋友了。(if引导的虚拟语气)
If the teachers hadn’t given me a hand，I wuldn’t have made friends with my classmates.
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：现在完成进行时)
eq \x(qualified，reslve，abard，frtunately，sink，enthusiastic)
Brn in a wealthy family，my nephew，Jack，led such a thrughly decent and csy life that he hardly met with cruel adversities.He has been dreaming f an adventure since he was yung.At 18，Jack 1.reslved t jin an expeditin advertised in the newspaper，but the leader turned him dwn because he thught Jack was nt f vigur，Jack never abandned his dream fr he was s 3.enthusiastic abut a great vyage.At 19，he jined the navy and was assigned t be a steward with lw wages.On a bitter cld day，the crew went 4.abard a massive ship bund fr Atlantic Ocean.Jack was genuine，gd-tempered and lyal and he wasn’t selfish，either.He ften played the banj fr recreatin.S thse n the ship all liked him.Unfrtunately，ne day，the mtr brke dwn and the ship gt crushed n a huge iceberg.When the ship sank，their hearts als that time，the calm captain made a cmmitment t save them and cmmanded them t thrw away their belngings such as stves，blankets，bats，cupbards and ther pieces f furniture.Finally，they were 6.frtunate enugh t escape the ship.It was their endurance，reslutin and perseverance that helped them survive.On the distant island，Jack managed t make fire with animal fat，which gave ff a smelly smell and then he cked sea animals.One mnth later，they were saved by a passing ship.In summary，it has been a miserable but unfrgettable episde in Jack’s life.
练基础——单句语法填空
1．The bss has been prmising(prmise) a rise in salary fr ages，but nthing has happened yet.
2．Sarah is very tired.She has been wrking(wrk) very hard recently.
3．I can’t pen the dr because I have lst(lse) the key.
提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
我最好的朋友和我一直在等待沿长江骑行的机会。现在我已经大学毕业。尽管我的家人一直试图说服我们放弃这个计划，但是我们已经下定决心。我们充分准备之后，将在7月17日出发。
My best friend and I have been waiting fr a chance t take a bike trip alng the Yangtze River.Nw I have graduated frm cllege.Althugh my family have been trying t persuade us t give up the plan，we have reslved.After we have fully prepared fr the trip，we will set ff n July 17.•be enthusiastic abut (ding) sth.对(做)……热情
•enthusiasm n．热情；热忱
lack/be full f enthusiasm缺乏/充满热情
with enthusiasm热情地
•enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地
•g abard上船(飞机、火车等)
•bard vt.& vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等) n．木板；董事会；伙食
n bard 在船(火车或飞机)上
•brad adj.宽阔的；广阔的
•abrad adv.在/到国外；在/到海外
g abrad出国
•envy sb.(ding) sth.羡慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事
•with envy羡慕地；嫉妒地
green with envy嫉妒地眼红
•abandn neself t (ding) sth.沉湎于(做)……；纵情于(做)……
abandn ding sth.放弃做某事
•abandned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的
be abandned t (ding) sth.沉湎于(做)……
•reslve t d sth.决定做某事
•reslutin n.决定；解决
•unfrtunate adj.不幸的
•frtunate adj.幸运的
be frtunate t d sth./in ding sth.有幸做某事
•frtunately adv.幸运地
•frtune n．机遇；运气；财富
have the gd frtune t d sth.有幸做某事
make a frtune发财；发迹
•What if...？意为“要是……会怎么样，如果……将会怎样”，可以看作“What will happen if...？”的省略形式。
•What/Hw abut...？……怎么样？
•What(...) fr？为什么？/(……)是干什么用的？
•S what？那又怎么样？
本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用如下：
虚拟条件句
主句
与现在事实相反的假设
动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)
wuld/culd/shuld/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设
had＋过去分词
wuld/culd/shuld/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设
(1)动词的过去式
(2)were t＋动词原形
(3)shuld＋动词原形
wuld/culd/shuld/might＋动词原形
技巧一点通
现在完成进行时表示一个动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现在，由“have/has been ding”构成；现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果，由“have/has dne”构成。现在完成进行时强调动作的重复，现在完成时强调动作的完成。