四川省阆中中学2023-2024学年高三英语上学期10月月考试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份四川省阆中中学2023-2024学年高三英语上学期10月月考试题（Word版附解析），共8页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7，15等内容，欢迎下载使用。
阆中中学校高2021级2023年秋10月月考
英语试题
（时间：120分钟 满分：150分）
第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上.录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题; 每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shit?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C.
1. What will the speakers do next?
A. Visit Simon. B. Plan a picnic. C. Make a call.
2. How was the weather during the woman's trip?
A. Sunny. B. Rainy. C. Windy.
3. Why does the woman recommend Gramercy Tavern?
A. Its price is low. B. Its food is tasty. C. Its service is excellent.
4. What will the woman most probably give to Kathy?
A.A hand-made bag. B.A scarf. C. A box of chocolates.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A.A book. B.A writer. C.A list.
第二节 (共15小题; 每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置.听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟: 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Workmates. B. Schoolmates. C. Neighbors.
7. What does the man plan to do next month?
A. Fish by the river. B. Move his house. C. Go to the beach.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。
8. Where does the conversation take place?
A. At a meeting room. B. At the Regents Company. C. At the front desk
9. When will the taxi arrive?
A. At 1:15. B. At 1:30. C. At 2:00.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至12 题。
10. Where did the man's interest in business come from?
A. His childhood experience. B. His college courses C. His school project.
1l What does the man do now?
A. He manages his father's shop.
B. He works at a foreign company
C. He does import trade on his own.
12. What is the woman?
A.A businesswoman. B.A reporter. C. A student.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。
13. What is the man's problem?
A. He can't find a job.
B. He is too busy with work
C. He missed a job interview.
14. What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Move to another city. B. Join an online group. C. Talk to his boss.
15. What does the man think of the woman's idea?
A. Interesting. B. Excellent. C. Strange.
16. What will the man do next?
A. Surf the Internet. B. Send an application letter. C. Buy some clothes.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。
17. What is the speaker doing?
A. Teaching a class. B. Presenting a guest. C. Sharing an experience.
18. What is the purpose of Street Play Project?
A. To establish a better community.
B. To make children play in the street safely.
C. To call for volunteers to help local residents.
19. When did Alice Riches come up with Street Play Project?
A. Two years ago. B. Four years ago. C. Six years ago.
20. What does Alice Riches want to do?
A. Close the street longer.
B. Get more children involved.
C. Promote the project to other cities.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和 D)中，选出最佳选项。并在答 题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
Online courses offer people abundant opportunities to learn. Try some of the Harvard online courses about humanities.
The Path to Happiness
From Confucianism to Daoism, the philosophies developed over two thousand years ago are among the most powerful in human history. This course brings voices from the past into modern contexts to explore the path to a good life today.
Duration: June 16, 2021—June 14, 2022
Fees: Free of charge
Pace: Self-paced
Difficulty: Introductory
Introduction to the Ancient Greek World
This course is about ancient Greece with its unique places, ways of life and historical changes. We survey the most important social institutions and cultural traditions. We also study everyday features such as food and dress.
Duration: June 21—August 6, 2021
Fees: $3400
Pace: Instructor-led
Difficulty: Introductory
Biotechnology and the Human Good
Biotechnology offers exciting and promising prospects for healing the sick and relieving the suffering. In this course we consider possible functions beyond common treatments like making people look younger, perform better and become perfect.
Duration: June 21—August 6, 2021
Fees: $ 3400
Pace: Instructor-led
Difficulty: Intermediate
Superheroes and Power
What makes superheroes popular? How can they help us think about super powers? In this course, we explore those questions in Marvel and DC favorites (especially the X-Men) as well as independent comics novels.
Duration: June 22 —August 6, 2021
Fees: $ 3400
Pace: Instructor-led
Difficulty: Intermediate
1. Which course can you take if you are free in Oct. 2021?
A. The Path to Happiness B. Introduction to the Ancient Greek World
C. Biotechnology and the Human Good D. Superheroes and Power
2. What does Biotechnology and the Human Good deal with?
A. Powers of superheroes. B. More uses of biotech.
C. Ways to increase happiness. D. Clinical practices of biotech.
3. What do the four courses have in common?
A. They are of the same level. B. They are free of charge.
C They belong to the same subject. D. They are instructor-led.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了哈佛大学的一些人文学科的在线课程。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Path to Happiness部分“Duration: June 16, 2021—June 14, 2022(时间：2021年6月16日至2022年6月14日)”可知，如果2021年10月你有空，你可以上The Path to Happiness课程。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Biotechnology and the Human Good部分“Biotechnology offers exciting and promising prospects for healing the sick and relieving the suffering. In this course we consider possible functions beyond common treatments like making people look younger, perform better and become perfect.(生物技术为治愈病人和减轻痛苦提供了令人兴奋和充满希望的前景。在这门课程中，我们会考虑常见治疗之外可能的功能，比如让人看起来更年轻、表现更好、变得完美。)”可知，Biotechnology and the Human Good研究的是生物技术的更多用途。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Online courses offer people abundant opportunities to learn. Try some of the Harvard online courses about humanities.(网络课程为人们提供了丰富的学习机会。试试哈佛的一些关于人文学科的在线课程。)”以及结合四个课程的介绍可知，这四门课程的共同点是它们属于同一个学科——人文学科。故选C。
B
I was cutting up lettuce in the kitchen when I suddenly remembered watching a video about soaking the lettuce stub(残余部分)in water to grow a whole new vegetable. So I took out a wide-mouthed mug and placed the stub into it, gave it a little water, and placed it by the window.
On a snowy morning, I noticed the first sign. A first small leaf from its heart spread out. A tiny green flag of hope. Beaten, but not defeated. This lettuce was not done living! Within days, it was impossible to see the cuts where I had removed the leaves. The growth was explosive. And when I lifted the blossoming head out of the mug(大杯)，tiny root threads fell down, seeking for the earth. What is growing here? Lettuce or hope?
If I were a lettuce in a similar condition, I’d want to skeptically assess where I found myself before committing to full growth. Yet for this lettuce, my inadequate offering of water and a place by a window was enough for it to decide to reclaim itself again. It grew in a mug of water, in faith. This is the heart of this lettuce: alive, strong and fearless. It deserved a name. I decided to call it Monty.
Monty wanted to grow, as we all do. I think I gave him a little love and freedom. Those two ingredients were all he needed to return to himself. I see joy in this lettuce. The return to self is always an expression of joy, which is life itself. With the right ingredients, this is the tendency of all living things.
Monty still lives in a mug, but I’m going to transplant him outside. He deserves to become his full self. The only problem I see now is my capacity to support Monty. I hope I have enough of a green finger.
I’m surprised to find myself where I am. Maybe Monty is, too. I have the same choice as he does: give in and decay(腐败),or start again. The prospect of starting again is discouraging. But my lettuce-friend, Monty, leads the way. I can only hope to be as brave.
4. Why did the author soak the stub in water?
A. To hope that it would grow. B. To decorate the nice mug.
C To conduct an experiment. D. To remove his bad mood.
5. What is the first sign of life in the author’s eyes?
A. The remaining stub. B. The small leaf.
C. The disappearing cuts. D. The tiny root threads.
6. How would the author feel if in the lettuce’s situation?
A. Hesitant. B. Fearless. C. Aimless. D. Annoyed.
7. What can we learn from Monty?
A. Enjoying your own life to the fullest.
B. Believing in yourself when in trouble.
C. Never being afraid to restart yourself.
D. Giving freedom to the heart in a way.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者把一段生菜泡在水中，长出了枝叶繁茂的样子。作者认为重新开始的前景令人沮丧，但希望自己也能像生菜那样勇敢。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“I was cutting up lettuce in the kitchen when I suddenly remembered watching a video about soaking the lettuce stub(残余部分)in water to grow a whole new vegetable. So I took out a wide-mouthed mug and placed the stub into it, gave it a little water(我在厨房里切生菜时，突然想起看了一段视频，讲的是把生菜茎浸泡在水中能长出一种全新的蔬菜。于是我拿出一个大嘴巴的马克杯，把生菜茎放进去，给它一点水)”可知，作者把生菜泡在水中的原因是希望能看到它生长，故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“On a snowy morning, I noticed the first sign. A first small leaf from its heart spread out.(在一个下雪的早晨，我注意到了第一个迹象。它的茎心里开出了第一片小叶)”可知在作者看来，第一个生命的迹象是开使长出的第一片小叶，故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“If I were a lettuce in a similar condition, I’d want to skeptically assess where I found myself before committing to full growth.( 如果我是一棵处于类似状况的生菜，我会怀疑地评估自己在完全生长之前的状况)”可知，如果作者处于生菜的状况之下，作者会犹豫不决，故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The prospect of starting again is discouraging. But my lettuce-friend, Monty, leads the way. I can only hope to be as brave.( 重新开始的前景令人沮丧。但我的生菜朋友蒙蒂在前面带路，我只能希望自己也能如此勇敢)”可知，我们从蒙蒂可以学到要勇敢，不要惧怕重新开始， 故选C项。
C
Nuclear bombs. That’s the go-to answer for incoming space objects like asteroids (小行星) and comets as far as Hollywood is concerned. Movies like Deep Impact and Armageddon rely on nuclear weapons, delivered by stars like Bruce Willis, to save the world and deliver the drama.
But planetary defense experts say in reality, if astronomers spotted a dangerous in-coming space rock, the safest and best answer might be something more subtle, like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft.
That’s just what NASA did on Monday evening, when a spacecraft headed straight into anasteroid called Dimorphos, which is around 7 million miles away and poses no threat to Earth. It’s about 525 feet across and orbits another larger asteroid.
In images streamed (传输) as the crash neared, the egg-shaped asteroid grew in size from a little spot on screen to have its full rocky surface come quickly into focus before the signal went dead as the craft hit right on target.
Events happened exactly as engineers had planned, they said, with nothing going wrong. “As far as we can tell, our first planetary defense test was a success,” said Elena Adams, the mission systems engineer, who added that scientists looked on with “both terror and joy” as the spacecraft neared its final destination.
The crash was the peak of NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), a 7-yearand more than $300 million effort which launched a space vehicle in November of 2021 to perform humanity’s first-ever test of planetary defense technology. It will be about two months, scientists said, before they will be able to determine if the crash was enough to drive the asteroid slightly off course, probably shortening its original orbit.
NASA plans to launch an asteroid-hunting space telescope named NEO Surveyor in 2026. “We’ve tracked lots of space rocks, especially the larger ones that could cause extinction-level events. Thankfully, none currently threaten Earth. But many asteroids the size of Dimorphos haven’t yet been discovered, and those could potentially take out a city if they came crashing down,” explains Lindley Johnson, NASA’s Planetary Defense Officer.
8. Why does the author mention the movies?
A. To make a prediction. B. To provide a possibility.
C. To introduce the topic. D. To make a comparison.
9. What can we infer from the passage?
A. . Dimorphos could cause extinction-level events.
B. The 7-year program has drawn a conclusion.
C. NEO Surveyor has tracked lots of space rocks.
D. NASA pushed Dimorphos by crashing.
10. Which statement does Lindley Johnson most possibly agree with?
A. Larger asteroids will not be a threat to Earth.
B. NASA should shoulder the responsibility for the crash.
C. NEO Surveyor is expected to discover asteroids the size of Dimorphos.
D. Asteroids like Dimorphos are more destructive than other larger ones.
11. What is the best title of the passage?
A. An intentional crash in space B. A threat to Earth from asteroids
C. The contribution to space safety D. The impact of planetary defense technology
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国宇航局在周一晚上用一驾宇宙飞船冲向一颗名为Dimorphos的小行星，通过撞击来让小行星偏离轨道，以保护地球。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Nuclear bombs. That’s the go-to answer for incoming space objects like asteroids (小行星) and comets as far as Hollywood is concerned. Movies like Deep Impact and Armageddon rely on nuclear weapons, delivered by stars like Bruce Willis, to save the world and deliver the drama.(核炸弹。这是好莱坞对小行星和彗星等飞来的太空物体的首选答案。像《深度撞击》和《世界末日》这样的电影依靠核武器，由布鲁斯·威利斯等明星来拯救世界，并呈现出戏剧性)”以及第二段“But planetary defense experts say in reality, if astronomers spotted a dangerous in-coming space rock, the safest and best answer might be something more subtle, like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft.(但行星防御专家表示，在现实中，如果天文学家发现了一颗危险的太空岩石，最安全、最好的答案可能是一些更微妙的方法，比如用一艘小型航天器撞击它，让它偏离轨道)”可推知，作者提到电影是为了引入文章话题。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“In images streamed (传输) as the crash neared, the egg-shaped asteroid grew in size from a little spot on screen to have its full rocky surface come quickly into focus before the signal went dead as the craft hit right on target.(随着撞击的临近，这颗蛋形小行星从屏幕上的一个小点逐渐变大，直到它的整个岩石表面迅速成为焦点，然后信号就消失了，因为飞船正好击中了目标)”可推知，NASA通过撞击来推动Dimorphos。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“NASA plans to launch an asteroid-hunting space telescope named NEO Surveyor in 2026. “We’ve tracked lots of space rocks, especially the larger ones that could cause extinction-level events. Thankfully, none currently threaten Earth. But many asteroids the size of Dimorphos haven’t yet been discovered, and those could potentially take out a city if they came crashing down,” explains Lindley Johnson, NASA’s Planetary Defense Officer.(美国宇航局计划在2026年发射一架名为“近地天体勘测者”的小行星探测太空望远镜。“我们已经追踪了很多太空岩石，尤其是那些可能导致灭绝级别事件的较大岩石。值得庆幸的是，目前还没有威胁到地球。但许多像Dimorphos这样大小的小行星还没有被发现，如果它们坠落，它们可能会摧毁一座城市，”美国宇航局行星防御官林德利·约翰逊解释说)”可知，林德利·约翰逊认为近地天体勘测者号有望发现Dimorphos大小的小行星。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据及第二段“But planetary defense experts say in reality, if astronomers spotted a dangerous in-coming space rock, the safest and best answer might be something more subtle, like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft.(但行星防御专家表示，在现实中，如果天文学家发现了一颗危险的太空岩石，最安全、最好的答案可能是一些更微妙的方法，比如用一艘小型航天器撞击它，让它偏离轨道)”结合文章主要说明了美国宇航局在周一晚上用一驾宇宙飞船冲向一颗名为Dimorphos的小行星，通过撞击来让小行星偏离轨道，以保护地球。可知，A选项“故意在太空坠毁”最符合文章标题。故选A。
D
The number of fish caught just outside a recently expanded marine (海洋) protected area in Hawaii has risen. It is a sign that quadrupling (四倍) the size of the reserve in 2016 may have shored fish populations in the region.
When the Marine National Monument around Hawaii was enlarged to 1,510,000 square kilometers, marine conservationists around the world rejoiced.
Fishers may have felt differently, however, as fishing inside the area is not allowed. Yet by creating a space for dwindling tuna populations to recover, supporters argued, the reserve would benefit fisheries as well.
As populations inside the reserve boundaries steadily increased, they predicted, the fish would spill (溢出) over into the surrounding areas, increasing the amount of tuna available to catch.
Proving that is tricky, however, as tuna can’t be counted directly. Their numbers may rise or fall for a variety of reasons other than the expansion of a reserve. But the new study, published in Science this week, strongly suggests the number of fish caught just outside the MPA is higher now than it used to be.
Alan Friedlander, chief scientist for the National Geographic Society’s Pristine Seas project, calls the study a “very careful and strict test of spillover from marine protected areas.”
Importantly, says John Lynham, an environmental economist at the University of Hawaii and one of the study’s authors, the increase in tuna catches near the reserve held up even when looking at the average numbers caught by particular fishers. This shows the effect is not due to more effective crews now fishing local waters, he explains. To account for effort, catch numbers were divided by the ever-increasing number of fishing hooks in the area.
Lynham and colleagues found the catch per hook increased over the 10 years of the study. Fishers were catching on average six more yellowfin and five more bigeye tuna per year after the expansion than before.
“That last one, especially, was a surprise,” says Lynham, “because it is economically much more important, and there were fewer indications of an increase.”
12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. The rising number of fish caught is a sign of a well-reserved area.
B. Enlarge the size of reserve may contribute to the increasing of fish population.
C. The number of fish caught has risen to quadrupling (四倍) the size of that in 2016.
D. Fish catching outside the reserve does good to the expanded marine protected area.
13. How did fishers feel when the reserve announced expanded?
A. They felt joyful. B. They felt different. C. They felt unpleasant. D. They felt excited.
14. How do the researchers prove the tuna population has increased?
A. By figuring the average catch per hook in the area.
B. By summing up the catch of mare effective crews.
C. By looking at the numbers caught by particular fishers.
D. By detecting the number of tuna population in the surrounding area.
15. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Tuna population embraces a boost B. Marine Protected Areas Help Fisheries
C. Local fisheries hold a promising future D. Tuna population can be counted scientifically
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着夏威夷海洋保护区的扩大，区域外捕获的鱼类数量有所增加，以及扩大保护区所带来的好处。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“The number of fish caught just outside a recently expanded marine (海洋) protected area in Hawaii has risen. It is a sign that quadrupling (四倍) the size of the reserve in 2016 may have shored fish populations in the region.(最近在夏威夷扩大的海洋保护区外捕获的鱼类数量有所增加。这表明，2016年保护区的规模翻了两番，可能已经增加了该地区的鱼类数量)”可知，第一段主要是关于扩大保护区的规模可能有助于鱼类种群的增加。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When the Marine National Monument around Hawaii was enlarged to 1,510,000 square kilometers, marine conservationists around the world rejoiced (当夏威夷附近的海洋国家纪念碑扩大到151万平方公里时，全世界的海洋保护主义者都欢欣鼓舞)”及第三段中的“Fishers may have felt differently, however, as fishing inside the area is not allowed.(然而，渔民们可能会有不同的感受，因为在该地区捕鱼是不允许的)”可知，渔民对于保护区的扩张并不觉得开心，因为保护区内无法捕捞。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Lynham and colleagues found the catch per hook increased over the 10 years of the study. Fishers were catching on average six more yellowfin and five more bigeye tuna per year after the expansion than before.(林纳姆和同事们发现，在10年的研究中，每个鱼钩的渔获量有所增加。在扩张之后，渔民平均每年多捕获6条黄鳍金枪鱼和5条大眼金枪鱼)”可知，研究人员是通过每个鱼钩上的增加的渔获量来判断金枪鱼的数量是增长的。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“The number of fish caught just outside a recently expanded marine (海洋) protected area in Hawaii has risen. It is a sign that quadrupling (四倍) the size of the reserve in 2016 may have shored fish populations in the region.(最近在夏威夷扩大的海洋保护区外捕获的鱼类数量有所增加。这表明，2016年保护区的规模翻了两番，可能已经增加了该地区的鱼类数量)”及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了海洋保护区的扩大会使得周边区域的渔获量增长。由此可知，B项“Marine Protected Areas Help Fisheries.(海洋保护区有助于渔业)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice. ____16____Psychologists call this way of thinking a cognitive bias (认知偏见), a tendency toward a specific mental mistake.
To study “jumping”, we examined decision-making patterns among more than 600 people from the general population. We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis. ____17____ In a quiz about US citizens, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did — even when their answers were wrong.
So what is behind “jumping”? Psychological researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and non-jumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts. ____18____
It is the controlled system that helps people counter balance mental biases introduced by the automatic system. As a result, jumpers were more likely to accept the conclusion made at first sight without further questioning. A lack of controlled thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.
____19____ A method called cognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are faced with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to gradually get rid of participants’ overconfidence.
In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead jump to a conclusion is a frequent and important one. ____20____ Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.
A. Happily, there may be some hope for jumpers.
B. Also, jumpers had problems with overconfidence.
C. We plan to trace other problems introduced by jumping.
D. But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions.
E. It is certainly possible for them to overthink things to take a decision.
F. The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers.
G. Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出相较于按照直觉行事，深思熟虑对我们更有帮助。但一种叫元认知训练的方法可以帮助那些急于得出结论的人。
【16题详解】
根据上文“How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice.(你在做决定之前花了多少时间做研究？有些人在做出选择之前会仔细考虑每一个细节)”结合下文提到了jumper“急于得出结论的人”可知，呼应上文仔细考虑每一个细节的人，空处应提出另一种人——急于得出结论的人。D项“但相当一部分人很快就会得出结论”符合题意，与上文内容形成对比。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据上文“We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis.(我们发现，在需要深思熟虑分析的问题上，急于得出结论的人比仔细思考的人犯的错误更多)”和下文“In a quiz about US civics, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did—even when their answers were wrong.(在一次关于美国公民的测验中，他们大大高估了自己答案正确的几率——即使他们的答案是错误的)”推知，急于得出结论的人不仅容易犯错，而且过于自信，即使在答案是错误的情况下还高估答案正确的几率。B项“此外，急于得出结论的人也有过度自信的问题”符合题意，呈上启下。故选B。
【18题详解】
空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and non-jumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts. (自动系统，反映容易、自发且无需努力就能进入大脑的想法，以及控制系统，包括有意识和轻松的推理。急于得出结论的人和仔细思考者同样受到自动思维的影响)”可知，两类人都受到自动思维的影响。但因为是两种不同的人，因此他们在受影响的程度，或思维模式方面可能有所不同。F项“然而，急于得出结论的人并没有像仔细思考者那样进行控制推理”符合题意，承接上文，指出了他们的不同之处。故选F。
【19题详解】
空处位于段首，应开启下文。根据下文“A method called metacognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are confronted with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to chip away at participants’ overconfidence.(一种叫做元认知训练的方法可以用来针对他们的偏见，这可以帮助人们更慎重地思考。在这个培训中，参与者要面对自己的偏见。他们可以学习到错误的地方和思考问题的其他方法。它有助于消除参与者的过度自信)”可知，有方法帮助急于得出结论的人克服他们的问题，消除过度自信。A项“幸运的是，急于得出结论者可能还有一些希望”符合题意。故选A。
【20题详解】
根据上文“In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our gut is a frequent and important one.(在日常生活中，我们是应该深思熟虑，还是按照直觉行事，这是一个常见而重要的问题)”和下文“Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.(有时候，我们做出的最重要决定可能要做出选择之前多花些时间)”可知，相较于按照直觉行事，深思熟虑对我们更有帮助。G项“最近的研究表明，即使只收集了一点更多的证据，也可以帮助我们避免重大错误”符合题意。故选G。
第三部分 英语知识运用
第一节 完型填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Do you remember the name of your kindergarten teacher? I ___21___, mine. Her name was Mrs White.
I don’t remember much about what we learned in her class, but my mother once told me that we used to ___22___ a lot. And I would bring back what I wrote and she would ___23___ it and see there were so many ___24___. But no red corrections. And always a ___25___. Sometimes even a Good! Scrawling in that would make my heart soar with ___26___. But it worried my mother, so one day when she went in to ___27___ Mrs White for one of those Parent-Teacher meetings, she asked her why she never ___28___ my mistakes and why she never red-penciled in the right ___29___ of words or pointed out grammatical errors.
And my mother says Mrs White said — The children are just beginning to get ____30____ about using words, about forming sentences. I don’t want to ____31____ that enthusiasm with red ink. Spelling and grammar can wait. The ____32____ of words won’t...
I used to ____33____ “beautiful” a lot. Never could I quite remember that the “e” went before the “a”. It always ____34____ my teacher in high school. She figured if I was going to ____35____ the word with such frequency the least I could do was spell it ____36____. Eventually the e’s and a’s settled into their right places ____37____. I’m glad I didn’t wait on them though. Pretty is easier to spell but it doesn’t ____38____ as much as you mean sometimes.
And thanks to Mrs White I had no ____39____ about writing what I meant even if I couldn’t quite spell it out. Because Life isn’t ____40____. It’s Baeutiful.
21. A. have B. do C. admit D. promise
22. A. write B. read C. sing D. smile
23. A. ask about B. throw away C. sign on D. look at
24. A. marks B. mistakes C. paintings D. points
25. A. cross B. circle C. question D. star
26. A. happiness B. spirit C. calmness D. anger
27. A. invite B. thank C. persuade D. meet
28. A. criticized B. corrected C. forgave D. spotted
29. A. spellings B. formation C. order D. definitions
30. A. puzzled B. concerned C. excited D. careful
31. A. feel B. pass C. light D. dampen
32. A. wonder B. skill C. use D. effect
33. A. hate B. mention C. misspell D. misunderstand
34 A. moved B. irritated C. frightened D. inspired
35. A. confuse B. mix C. employ D. ignore
36. A. clearly B. non-stop C. well D. right
37. A. for the sake of it B. in no time C. of their own accord D. for no reason
38. A. hold B. explain C. tell D. gain
39. A. plans B. chances C. worries D. doubts
40. A. Easy B. Pretty C. Perfect D. Dull
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. C 40. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文回忆了作者的幼儿园老师怀特夫人对自己在单词拼写上的教育，这让作者受益匪浅。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我记得我的老师的名字。A. have有；B. do做；C. admit承认；D. promise承诺。根据下文“Her name was Mrs White.”可知，作者还记得幼儿园时的老师，这里的do指的是remember。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不太记得我们在她的课上学到了什么，但我妈妈曾经告诉我，我们过去经常写作。A. write写；B. read读；C. sing唱歌；D. smile微笑。根据下文“wrote”可知，上幼儿园时作者经常写作。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我会把我写的东西拿回来，她会看一看，发现有很多错误。A. ask about询问；B. throw away扔掉；C. sign on办理失业登记；D. look at看。根据下文的“see”可知，作者的妈妈会看一看作文。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我会把我写的东西拿回来，她会看一看，发现有很多错误。A. marks标记；B. mistakes错误；C. paintings绘画；D. points点。根据下文“But no red corrections.”可知，发现有很多错误。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：永远都是小星星。A. cross十字架；B. circle圆；C. question问题；D. star星星。根据下文“Sometimes even a Good!”可知，即使拼写错误，也是会得到小星星作为鼓励。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：沉浸其中会让我的心充满幸福。A. happiness幸福；B. spirit精神；C. calmness冷静；D. anger愤怒。根据上文“But no red corrections. And always a ___5___ . Sometimes even a Good!”可知，即使拼写错误，也是会得到小星星作为鼓励，作者感到很幸福。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这让我母亲很担心，所以有一天，当她去参加一次家长会时见到了怀特夫人，她问她为什么从不纠正我的错误，为什么从不用红笔写正确的单词拼写或指出语法错误。A. invite邀请；B. thank感谢；C. persuade说服；D. meet遇到，见到。根据常识可知，参加家长会，老师和家长一定会见面。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这让我母亲很担心，所以有一天，当她去参加一次家长会时见到了怀特夫人，她问她为什么从不纠正我的错误，为什么从不用红笔写正确的单词拼写或指出语法错误。A. criticized批评；B. corrected纠正；C. forgave原谅；D. spotted发现。根据上文“But no red corrections.”可知，妈妈问老师为什么从不纠正作者的错误。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这让我母亲很担心，所以有一天，当她去参加一次家长会时见到了怀特夫人，她问她为什么从不纠正我的错误，为什么从不用红笔写正确的单词拼写或指出语法错误。A. spellings拼写；B. formation形成；C. order命令；D. definitions定义。根据下文“Spelling”可知，问的是拼写的错误，此处指为什么从不用红笔写正确的单词拼写。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈说，怀特夫人说，孩子们刚开始对用词和造句感到兴奋。A. puzzled困惑的；B. concerned关注的；C. excited兴奋的；D. careful仔细的。根据下文“enthusiasm”可知，孩子们刚开始对用词和造句感到兴奋。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析句意：我不想用红墨水来挫伤这种热情。A. feel感觉；B. pass通过；C. light照亮；D. dampen抑制、控制。根据上文“But no red corrections. And always a ___5___”可知，老师不想用红墨水来挫伤这种热情。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：文字的奇迹不会。A. wonder奇迹；B. skill技能；C. use使用；D. effect影响。无论是对的拼写还是错误的拼写，都不能阻挡文字所表达出的奇迹，所以老师允许拼写不正确的单词的存在。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以前经常拼错“beautiful”。A. hate讨厌；B. mention提及；C. misspell拼错；D. misunderstand误解。根据下文“Never could I quite remember that the “e” went before the “a””可知，作者以前经常拼写错误“beautiful”这个词。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它总是激怒我高中时的老师。A. moved移动；B. irritated刺激，激怒；C. frightened使害怕；D. inspired鼓励。作者总是拼写错误“beautiful”这个词，所以会激怒作者。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她想，如果频繁用这样的词，我至少能把它拼写正确。A. confuse使困惑；B. mix混合；C. employ雇佣，利用；D. ignore忽略。频繁用词就会拼写正确。故选C项。
【36题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她想，如果频繁用这样的词，我至少能把它拼写正确。 A. clearly清晰地；B. non-stop不停地；C. well好；D. right正确地。根据上文“She figured if I was going to ___15___ the word with such frequency”可知，如果频繁用这样的词，我至少能把它拼写正确。故选D项。
【37题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：最终，e和a自愿地安顿在了合适的地方。 A. for the sake of it为了……起见；B. in no time立即；C. of their own accord它们自愿；D. for no reason无缘无故。根据下文“I’m glad I didn’t wait on them though”可知，作者最后能拼对“beautiful”，e和a自愿地安顿在了合适的地方。故选C项。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Pretty更容易拼写，但有时它并不像你的意思那么牢固。A. hold（用手、手臂等）抓住；B. explain解释；C. tell告诉；D. gain获得。根据下文“as much as you mean sometimes”可知，它并不像你的意思那么牢固，暗指“Pretty”也会被拼错。故选A项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了怀特夫人，即使我不能完全拼写出来，我也不担心写下我的意思。A. plans计划；B. chances机会；C. worries担忧；D. doubts怀疑。根据上文可知，怀特夫人不想用红墨水来挫伤孩子写作的热情。以及下文“even if I couldn’t quite spell it out”可知，作者不担心写下的意思。故选C项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为生活并不Pretty。而是是Baeutiful。A. Easy容易的；B. Pretty漂亮的；C. Perfect完美的；D. Dull迟钝的。根据上文“Pretty”可知，生活并不Pretty，而是Baeutiful。暗指看似错误的拼写，也是生活的一部分。故选B项。
第三部分 语言知识运用
第二节 (共10小题；每小题 1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has a large number of Chinese dishes, a wide range of flavors, and complex cooking methods, which are ___41___ (two) to none in the world. For a long time, due to the influence of the local environment, customs and dietary habits, dishes from all over China ___42___ (form) various genres with local flavor characteristics.___43___ is known to all is the “eight major cuisines” in China, with the four major cuisines of Shandong, Jiangsu, Guangdong, and Sichuan forming ___44___(early), and later the other four.
Sichuan cuisine has a variety of flavors, ___45___(include) spicy, sour, tanned, fishy, and strange. Sichuan cuisine is also the largest folk cuisine. Among the top 20 dishes, Sichuan cuisine occupies half of the seats, and “Sichuan Hot Pot” ranks first among___46___thousands of dishes selected by the Data Journalism Lab.
The second and third place are dominated by two traditional Hangzhou dishes,____47____(name) Dongpo Meat and West Lake Vinegar Fish. Are the 3 hottest dishes in each of the “Big Eight Cuisine” dishes the same ___48___the results in your mind?
The “eight major cuisines” have their own systems, which represent different customs and cultural characteristics of different places, but in the final analysis___49___(be) Chinese people’s attention and love for “eating”. Diet has become a way of life and a fashion that promotes ____50____(consume) and drives the development of the country’s catering industry.
【答案】41. second
42. have formed
43. What 44. earlier
45. including
46. the 47. namely##named
48. as 49. are
50. consumption
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章简单介绍了中国八大菜系及其主要特点。
【41题详解】
考查序数词。句意：中国的中餐数量众多，口味繁多，烹饪方法复杂，在世界上首屈一指。固定搭配second to none，意为“首屈一指”，根据空格前的系动词are可知，在句中作表语。故填second。
【42题详解】
考查时态。句意：长期以来，由于当地环境、风俗习惯和饮食习惯的影响，中国各地的菜肴形成了具有地方风味特色的各种流派。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语For a long time可知，应用现在完成时，主语dishes为名词的复数形式，谓语复数形式。故填have formed。
【43题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：众所周知的是，中国的“八大菜系”，鲁、苏、粤、川四大菜系形成较早，其他四个菜系形成较晚。空格处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导从句，首字母大写。故填What。
【44题详解】
考查副词比较级。句意：众所周知的是，中国的“八大菜系”，鲁、苏、粤、川四大菜系形成较早，其他四个菜系形成较晚。空格处修饰现在分词forming，作状语，应用副词形式，结合句意可知，此处想表达的是鲁、苏、粤、川四大菜系形成较早，故用副词的比较级earlier。故填earlier。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：川菜有各种各样的味道，有辣的，有酸的，有晒黑的，有鱼腥味的，还有奇异的。结合句意，介词including (包括)符合文意。故填including。
【46题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：在排名前20的菜品中，川菜占据了一半的席位，“四川火锅”在数据新闻实验室评选的数千道菜品中排名第一。根据名词dishes后的定语selected by the Data Journalism Lab可知，此处表示特指数千道被评选的菜肴，应用定冠词the。故填the。
【47题详解】
考查副词或过去分词。句意：排名第二和第三的是两道杭州传统菜，即东坡肉和西湖醋鱼。are dominated为谓语，空格处作状语，表示补充说明，可用副词namely (即、也就是)；或用非谓语动词作定语，名词短语two traditional Hangzhou dishes和非谓语动词name之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式named。故填namely/named。
【48题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：“八大菜系”中每道菜中最热门的3道菜与你心目中的结果相同吗？the same as为固定搭配，意为“与……相同”。故填as。
【49题详解】
考查时态。句意：“八大菜系”各有体系，代表着不同地方不同的风俗习惯和文化特色，但归根结底是中国人对“吃”的关注和喜爱。该句为主系表结构的完全倒装，空处缺少系动词，根据并列谓语have可知，应用一般现在时，主语Chinese people’s attention and love for “eating”复数概念，谓语复数形式。故填are。
【50题详解】
考查名词。句意：饮食已经成为一种生活方式和时尚，促进了消费，推动了国家餐饮业的发展。根据动词promotes可知，空格处应填名词作宾语，结合句意“消费”是consumption，为不可数名词。故填consumption。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分 35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题 1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Three friends and I was driving on a highway. While we were going at least 50 miles per hour, we passed over a car. It had broken down, stopped on the side of the road. My friend slows down, and pulled behind the other car. He got out of the car immediate and before I knew it he was helping the other person push the car down the road to a spot where wasn’t so close to the passing cars. From the way they were pushing the car, it looked as if my friend was pushing them all by himself. I thought my friend help a complete stranger like this was a great thing, but I won’t forget his good nature or character.
【答案】1.was→were 2. 删除over 3. stopped→ stopping 4.slows →slowed 5. 在pulled后面加up 6. immediate→ immediately 7. where→ which/that 8.them→it 9. help→ helping 10. but→ and
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我和三个好朋友在高速公路上帮助一位陌生人的故事。
【详解】1.考查主谓一致。句意：我和三个朋友在高速公路上开车。句子主语是Three friends and I为复数概念，且整篇文章为一般过去时。故将was改为were。
2.考查动词。句意：当我们以每小时至少50英里的速度行驶时，我们超过了一辆汽车。pass“路过”为及物动词，over多余。故删除over。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：它坏了，停在路边。had broken down为谓语，stop和句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故将stopped改为stopping。
4.考查动词时态。句意：我的朋友放慢了车速，把车停在另一辆车后面。此处叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故将slows改为slowed。
5.考查固定短语。句意：我的朋友放慢了车速，把车停在另一辆车后面。固定短语pull up意为“停车”。故在pulled后面加up。
6.考查副词。句意：他立即下车，在我意识到这一点之前，他正在帮助另一个人把车推到一个离过往车辆不那么近的地方。修饰动词短语got out，应用副词，作状语。故将immediate改为immediately。
7.考查定语从句。句意：他立即下车，在我意识到这一点之前，他正在帮助另一个人把车推到一个离过往车辆不那么近的地方。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是a spot，且关系代词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故将where改为which或that。
8.考查代词。句意：从他们推车的样子看，我的朋友好像是一个人在推他们。根据上文可知，他们推的是一辆出了故障的汽车，为名词的单数概念。故将them改为it。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意：我认为我的朋友这样帮助一个完全陌生的人是一件很棒的事情，我不会忘记他的善良本性或性格。在宾语从句中，应用动名词短语，作主语。故将help改为helping。
10.考查连词。句意：我认为我的朋友这样帮助一个完全陌生的人是一件很棒的事情，我不会忘记他的善良本性或性格。前后句是顺承关系，因此用and连接两个句子。故将but改为and。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 《中学生学习报》的“文化与体验”栏目正在举办主题为“我的一次难忘的旅行经历”的征文比赛，请你写一篇文章参加比赛，内容如下：
1.时间、地点、人物；
2.旅途的见闻与你的感受；
3.你的收获与感悟。
【写作要求】
1.字数约120词，勿超出答题区域；2.文章题目已给出，不算入总词数内。
An Unforgettable Travel Experience
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【答案】 An Unforgettable Travel Experience
I like travelling and I have been to many places, and the trip to Sanya is really unforgettable for me.
I went to Sanya with my classmates last summer. It was a very exciting trip. When I got there I took off my shoes and put my feet into the water. The water was cool, and walking in the water was such a great joy that I didn’t want to stop. And then, I went to swim in the blue sea. It was very relaxing. After that, I played sand on the beach with my classmates. We made a sand castle and collected some beautiful shells. We also took a lot of pictures of it. At last, we travelled to an island by ship. It was really beautiful there.
It was an unforgettable trip and we all felt very happy and excited. This trip not only allowed me to relax and broaden my vision, but also enhanced the friendship between my classmates. I looked forward to going there again.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于记叙文。要求考生以“我的一次难忘的旅行经历”为题目写一篇文章，讲述难忘旅行发生的时间，地点，人物，旅途见闻和感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累
难忘的：unforgettable→memorable
到达：get (to)→arrive (in)
愉快/愉悦：joy→pleasure
最后：at last→in the end/finally
期待做某事：look forward to doing→expect to do
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：And then, I went to swim in the blue sea. It was very relaxing.
拓展句：And then, I went to swim in the blue sea, which was very relaxing.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When I got there I took off my shoes and put my feet into the water.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】The water was cool, and walking in the water was such a great joy that I didn’t want to stop.（运用了such…that结果状语从句）