重庆市西南大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二英语上学期10月阶段性检测试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份重庆市西南大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二英语上学期10月阶段性检测试题（Word版附解析），共27页。试卷主要包含了 考试结束后，将答题卡交回等内容，欢迎下载使用。
西南大学附中高 2025 届高二上阶段性检测(一)
英语试题
(满分：150 分;考试时间：120 分钟)
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、班级、考场/座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 答选择题时，必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂;答非选择题时，必须使用 0.5 毫米的黑色签字笔书写;必须在题号对应的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写无效保持答卷清洁、完整。
3. 考试结束后，将答题卡交回(试题卷学生保存，以备评讲)。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the woman do tonight?
A. Reschedule the meeting. B. Join a sports club. C. See a doctor.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: I’m sorry James, I can’t make the sports club meeting tonight.
M: That’s okay. Is everything alright?
W: Yeah, I just have an appointment at the clinic right in the middle of the meeting time.
M: No problem. We can’t reschedule it but I hope to see you next week!
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How does the woman feel about her interview at first?
A. Worried. B. Excited. C. Confident.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: I’m so nervous about this job interview tomorrow. Do you think I’ll be okay?
M: You’ll do great. You are the smartest and most capable person I know!
W: Thanks, I appreciate your kind words. I’m sure I’ll be excited in no time!
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a restaurant. B. At home. C. In a hotel.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: I’ve been told you might have a spare room.
W: Yes, I’ve got a spare single.
M: What are your terms?
W: £37 for bed and breakfast.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why does the man need the car?
A. To go to work. B. To deliver items for a party. C. To take his uncle to the hospital.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Mum said I could borrow the car for a few hours. Is that okay? I need to pick up some supplies for Aunty Jane’s party.
W: Sure, but I need it for work later and to take Uncle Leo to the hospital. Do you need it for long?
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman want to do?
A. Store some water. B. Buy some containers. C. Fix a pipe.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Tom, grab some containers! The water in our building is going to be shut off in an hour! For maybe 3 days!
M: What? What happened?
W: It’s for repairs. An important pipe broke. We need to fill up every container we have with water.
第二节(共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

6. What do we know about the woman?
A. She likes comedy.
B. She needs to prepare a present.
C. She will have a project to work on.
7. What ticket does the woman decide to book?
A. A musical play. B. A comedy show. C. A rock concert.
【答案】6. B 7. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Did you see these holiday deals, Wendy?
W: Not really Eric, I’ve had a project at work. I’ve been meaning to have a look for my sister’s birthday. I thought about getting her and her husband some tickets to a local theater show. I’m not sure what’s on to be honest. Is there some comedy or a musical?
M: I’m not sure about comedy but I heard that the rock concerts are amazing!
W: I love rock music. It gets cheaper the more you buy.
M: A group ticket, we can all go!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

8. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Renting a coach. B. Booking a hotel. C. Rescheduling a conference.
9. Why is the man worried?
A. They might go over budget.
B. The hotel rooms are not big enough.
C. They have to get up early every day.
【答案】8. B 9. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Carol, I tried to book the rooms for the whole team for the conference, but all the hotels in town are full.
W: Well, I know a bigger hotel about 20 miles outside the city. Let me check online first. I’m sure they’ll have enough rooms available for the team.
M: Hmm. 20 miles? We’ll have to rent a coach each day so we may end up going over our travel budget.
W: Actually, I think we’ll be fine. Hotels located outside the city tend to be less expensive. The money we’ll be saving on rooms can be used to rent a coach. But we have to get up earlier every day.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

10. What can we learn about John?
A. He has changed a lot.
B. He looks like his father.
C. He is looking for a place to live.
11. What does John work for?
A. An overseas firm.
B. His family business.
C. An exporting company.
12. What is John’s opinion on his life now?
A. Enjoyable. B. Difficult. C. Exciting.
【答案】10. B 11. B 12. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Is this your son? I haven’t seen him for a long time.
W: Yes, that photo was taken a few months ago.
M: John hasn’t changed a bit. He’s the same in appearance as his father, isn’t he?
W: Yes, he is.
M: What’s he doing at the present time?
W: He’s done the same as his father did and works in the family importing business. He’s living overseas at the moment.
M: Oh really? How does he like it?
W: It was difficult for him at first because he had to start from the beginning without help, you know, finding somewhere to live and making new friends. He’s settled down now though and he loves it.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

13. Why is the event organized?
A. To make money.
B. To encourage reading.
C. To give away books to the school.
14. Who is the organizer of the event?
A. The school. B. The woman. C. The local bookstores.
15. How will the man help?
A. By collecting books.
B. By leading a bake sale.
C. By making a list of places.
16. Where will the event be held?
A. At a gym.
B. At a library.
C. At a bookstore.
【答案】13. C 14. B 15. A 16. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Hey, I’m organizing a book drive. I’m collecting donations from all over the city.
M: What’s it for?
W: The school has a limited budget for books, so I want to help them expand their library. I remember how limited our selection was when I was there. I want to give the new students more opportunities learning and exploring new subjects. The drive will donate all the books to the school.
M: That’s great. Can I help?
W: That would be great. Can you help me contact local bookstores, libraries, and individuals to ask for donations?
M: Absolutely!
W: Thanks. I’ve made a list of places. We’re also doing a bake sale on the day too.
M: I can help with that. I can set up the tables and prices. Where are we doing it?
W: The school’s gym. It’s big enough to hold the books and tables, and it’s easy for the community to access. We can put the book drop-off station near the entrance and have the bake sale area towards the back of the gym.
M: Great.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17. What is the museum trying to do?
A. Attract more visitors.
B. Introduce some artworks.
C. Increase people’s appreciation of art.
18. What program is available for children?
A. Classes exploring art. B. Guest lectures. C. Workshops.
19. How can visitors learn about art movements and trends?
A. From the staff. B. From the library. C. From the classes.
20. How many days is the museum open each week?
A. Six days. B. Five days. C. Four days.
【答案】17. C 18. C 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【原文】 W: Welcome to the Museum of Modern Art. Our museum houses one of the most impressive collections of modern and contemporary art in the world. Our mission is to inspire creativity and promote understanding and enjoyment of the art of our times.
Our collection includes paintings, sculptures, photography, and video exhibits from around the world. We have classic works by famous artists such as Pablo Picasso, Frida Kahlo, and Andy Warhol, as well as emerging artists who are part of the latest art movements.
We offer a variety of programs and events. Our family programs are designed to engage children in meaningful art experiences including tours, talks, and workshops. Our adult programs include classes that explore art and its impact on society; additionally, guest lecturers and discussions when available. These programs are led by our knowledgeable staff and provide insights into the creative process and techniques behind the works of art.
We also have a library with books, journals, and other resources on modern and contemporary art, available to the public for research and study. Visitors can use the library to learn about the artists and their works or to deepen their understanding of art movements and trends.
Our museum is open every day except Tuesdays, and we offer free admission to all visitors on Wednesday daytimes and Fridays from 5 p.m.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Nashville TN Historical Tours
General Jackson Showboat Lunch & Dinner Cruises
A General Jackson Showboat Lunch or Dinner Cruise provides an amazing adventure to those visiting Nashville, TN. This famous paddle wheel riverboat takes guests via the Cumberland River to view the Nashville skyline to enjoy a relaxing cruise(乘船游览), live stage show, and delicious dinner.
The General Jackson dinner cruise lasts approximately 2. 5 hours, which is appropriate for all ages. The cruise price includes a meal and non-alcoholic beverage. Handicap can be accessible. Both Cameras and Video Cameras are permitted.
Hatch Show Print Tour
On this great guided tour, you’ll learn about the history of Hatch. The tour lasts about 45 minutes. It’s suitable for all ages. No beverage will be offered, so you need to take your own handicap. Hatch created poster prints for circuses. Cameras are not allowed. It is a truly immersive(沉浸式的)experience that combines hands-on fun with the interesting and colorful Hatch Show.
Civil War Tour: The Battle of Franklin Bus Tour
From visiting the battle of Franklin to the Carter House and Carnton Plantation, the Civil War historical tour offers an in-depth look into both the American Civil War and the prevailing culture of the Tennessee area during the mid-19th century. The tour lasts approximately 7 hours. This tour is also appropriate for all ages. Handicap and cameras are permitted.
The Redneck Comedy Bus Tour
If you are looking for a trip that shows you all of Nashville’s most famous and historic sites without being a bore, the Redneck is for you. Morning tours are 2 hours. Afternoon tours are 90 minutes. The Christmas adventure in the evening lasts approximately 2 hours. All ages are appropriate. Handicap and cameras are permitted.
21. Which tour has the longest travel time?
A. Hatch Show Print Tour.
B. The Redneck Comedy Bus Tour.
C. Civil War Tour: The Battle of Franklin Bus Tour.
D. General Jackson Showboat Lunch Dinner Cruises.
22. What do the four tours have in common?
A. All of them offer beverage, B. Cameras and handicap are permitted.
C. Appropriate for all ages. D. They all offer no meals.
23. Where does this passage most likely come from?
A. A travel brochure, B. A textbook.
C. A report. D. A magazine.
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了美国田纳西州纳什维尔的四个旅游景点。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据General Jackson Showboat Lunch & Dinner Cruises中的“The General Jackson dinner cruise lasts approximately 2. 5 hours”（杰克逊将军晚餐游船大约持续2.5小时）；根据Hatch Show Print Tour中的“The tour lasts about 45 minutes.”（参观时间持续45分钟）；根据Civil War Tour: The Battle of Franklin Bus Tour“The tour lasts approximately 7 hours.”（游览时间持续约为7小时）根据The Redneck Comedy Bus Tour中的“Morning tours are 2 hours. Afternoon tours are 90 minutes. The Christmas adventure in the evening lasts approximately 2 hours.”（上午的游览时间为2小时。下午的游览时间为90分钟。晚上的圣诞冒险持续大约2个小时。）可知，Civil War Tour: The Battle of Franklin Bus Tour.持续时间最长。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据General Jackson Showboat Lunch & Dinner Cruises中的“The General Jackson dinner cruise lasts approximately 2. 5 hours, which is appropriate for all ages.”（杰克逊将军晚餐游船大约持续2.5小时，适合所有年龄段。）；根据Hatch Show Print Tour中的“It’s suitable for all ages.”（它适合所有年龄的人）；根据Civil War Tour: The Battle of Franklin Bus Tour中的“This tour is also appropriate for all ages.”（这个旅行也适合所有年龄的人）；根据The Redneck Comedy Bus Tour中的“All ages are appropriate.”（适合所有年龄的人）可知，四个景点的共同点是适合所有年龄段的人。故选C项。
23题详解】
推理判断题。短文介绍了美国田纳西州纳什维尔的四个旅游景点。所以短文来自旅游手册。故选A项。
B
Ed Jackson’s team were trying to climb to the top of a Himalayan Mountain. However, weeks after they set off, they were stranded (滞留) there overnight without water, food or tents at a temperature of about -30℃. They took turns to keep each other awake in case they fell asleep and did not wake up again.
Actually, that night on the mountain top was not the first time that Jackson had been close to death. Five years ago, while still a professional rugby player, Jackson broke his neck in a challenge, which nearly killed him. Jackson was told by doctors that he was likely to face life in a wheelchair. He was forced to retire from playing rugby.
Luckily, Jackson managed to discard his wheelchair six months after the accident. To mark the first anniversary of his accident, Jackson set himself the goal of climbing Mount Snowdon, the highest mountain in Wales, even though he was still using two crutches (拐杖) then. He tried to climb many higher mountains after that. Four years later, he found himself in the Himalayas.
The challenges that Jackson faced in the mountains have had a great impact on his recovery both physically and mentally. Jackson realized that others might benefit, too. So he started the charity Millimeters to Mountains (M2M) with his wife Lois and his friend Oily Barkley. It takes beneficiaries (受益人) who have suffered physical or psychological injuries in challenges around the world, allowing them to access the healing power of nature.
Jackson says, “I once lost hope in life because of my bad condition, thinking there was nothing I could do. But hopefully what I’m doing, what we’re doing with the charity and what our beneficiaries are proving can give anyone the hope that they can turn their life around, no matter how discouraging it might seem at that moment.”
24. What do the first two paragraphs mainly talk about?
A. Jackson was tired of ball games.
B. Jackson was no stranger to suffering in life.
C. Jackson was well respected for his survival skills.
D. Jackson was advised to do exercise by his doctors.
25. What does the underlined word “discard” probably mean in the third paragraph?
A. Give up. B. Rely on. C. Tear apart. D. Carry through.
26. Why did Jackson start M2M?
A. To educate sports lovers. B. To raise money for the disabled.
C. To encourage safe mountain climbing. D. To help people with similar experiences.
27. What kind of person is Jackson probably?
A. Enthusiastic and independent. B. Creative and aggressive.
C. Adventurous and inspiring. D. Responsible and humorous.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Ed Jackson，一个勇于冒险的人，他在冒险中面临的挑战对他的身体和精神恢复都产生了巨大的影响，并且创办了慈善组织M2M，帮助有类似经历的人。
【24题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Ed Jackson’s team were trying to climb to the top of a Himalayan Mountain. However, weeks after they set off, they were stranded (滞留) there overnight without water, food or tents at a temperature of about -30℃. (Ed Jackson的团队正试图爬上喜马拉雅山的山顶。然而，在出发几周后，他们被困在那里过夜，没有水，没有食物，也没有帐篷，气温约为零下30℃。) ”和第二段中“Actually, that night on the mountain top was not the first time that Jackson had been close to death. (实际上，在山顶的那个晚上并不是Jackson第一次与死神擦肩而过。)”可知，前两段主要讲述Jackson经历的磨难，即Jackson对生活中的苦难并不陌生。故选B。
【25题详解】
词义猜测题。画线词前所在的下一句“To mark the first anniversary of his accident, Jackson set himself the goal of climbing Mount Snowdon, the highest mountain in Wales, even though he was still using two crutches (拐杖) then. (为了纪念他的事故一周年，Jackson给自己定下了攀登威尔士最高的山峰斯诺登山的目标，尽管当时他还拄着两根拐杖。)可知，Jackson不需再使用轮椅了，故划线词所在句意思是“幸运的是，Jackson在事故发生六个月后设法丢弃了他的轮椅。”所以划线词discard意为“抛弃”，与动词短语give up同义，故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The challenges that Jackson faced in the mountains have had a great impact on his recovery both physically and mentally. Jackson realized that others might benefit, too. So he started the charity Millimeters to Mountains (M2M) with his wife Lois and his friend Oily Barkley. It takes beneficiaries (受益人) who have suffered physical or psychological injuries in challenges around the world, allowing them to access the healing power of nature.”(Jackson在山上面临的挑战对他的身体和精神的恢复都产生了很大的影响。Jackson意识到其他人也可能从中受益。因此，他与妻子Lois和朋友Oily Barkley一起创办了慈善机构M2M。它让那些在世界各地的挑战中遭受身体或心理伤害的人成为受益者，让他们获得自然的治愈力量。)”可知，Jackson创办M2M是为了帮助有类似经历的人。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ed Jackson’s team were trying to climb to the top of a Himalayan Mountain. (Ed Jackson的团队正试图爬上喜马拉雅山的山顶)”，第三段中的“To mark the first anniversary of his accident, Jackson set himself the goal of climbing Mount Snowdon, the highest mountain in Wales, even though he was still using two crutches (拐杖) then. (为了纪念他的事故一周年，Jackson给自己定下了攀登威尔士最高的山峰斯诺登山的目标，尽管当时他还拄着两根拐杖。)以及最后一段中“Jackson says, “I once lost hope in life because of my bad condition, thinking there was nothing I could do. But hopefully what I’m doing, what we’re doing with the charity and what our beneficiaries are proving can give anyone the hope that they can turn their life around, no matter how discouraging it might seem at that moment.”(杰克逊说：“我曾经因为身体状况不好而对生活失去希望，觉得自己无能为力。但希望我所做的，我们与慈善机构所做的，以及我们的受益者所证明的，可以给任何人带来希望，让他们能够改变自己的生活，不管那一刻看起来多么令人沮丧。”)”可知，Ed Jackson是一个勇于冒险且鼓舞人心的人。故选C。
C
Most people find sugar hard to resist. Our brains need lots of energy and sugary foods provide plenty of it. But when calories are too readily available, it is easy to overdo it. There has been no shortage of research on sugar replacements without the calories, but evidence from animal and human studies has linked some to weight gain. One promising alternative is found in the fruit of Synsepalum dulcificum (奇迹果), a plant native to West Africa. These so-called miracle berries don’t taste sugary themselves, but if you try something sour afterwards it will taste unusually sweet.
In Benin, the fruit is eaten fresh and is mostly used as a sweetener to have with sour foods and drinks, says Dedeou from a university in Benin. The berry with miraculin(奇迹果蛋白)is very appreciated by local consumers, especially the kids and people with diabetes (糖尿病).
Despite the miracle berry’s promise as a sugar replacement, it is only produced on a limited scale and isn’t available worldwide. The berries don’t travel well and the plant is slow to grow.
To create an alternative source of miraculin, researchers at the University of Tsukuba in Japan have genetically engineered tomatoes to produce the protein, but this isn’t necessary, says Tchokponhoue whose team is working to help enlarge the production of miracle berries in West Africa. Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genome(基因图谱)of Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help.
Spanish start-up Baia Food has plans to promote sustainable growth of the plant in Ghana and market the dried berries. You can order tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries online but they are pricey, costing around £18 for a pack of 10. If you can afford it, the berry’s taste-twisting power is fun to try at home. Let the tablet melt on your tongue, then try tasting acidic foods such as lemons. The effect should last between 15 and 60 minutes.
28. What do we know about Synsepalum dulcificum?
A. It contains high calories.
B. It is related to weight gain.
C. It tastes unusually sweet.
D. It serves as a sugar replacement
29. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. Efforts made to obtain more miraculin.
B. Genome published to help do the research
C. Creation advocated to produce miracle berries.
D. Transformations performed to engineer tomatoes
30. What can we say about tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries?
A. They are sour. B. They are inexpensive
C. They are accessible D. They are productive.
31. What is the author’s attitude to getting the sugar alternative?
A. Doubtful. B. Optimistic. C. Defensive. D. Conservative.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，原产于西非的奇迹果有望成为糖的替代品。本文还介绍了一些国家为创造奇迹果蛋白的替代来源而做出的努力。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“These so-called miracle berries don’t taste sugary themselves, but if you try something sour afterwards it will taste unusually sweet. (这些所谓的奇迹浆果本身尝起来并不含糖，但如果你事后尝试一些酸的东西，它的味道会异常甜。)”以及第三段“Despite the miracle berry’s promise as a sugar replacement, it is only produced on a limited scale and isn’t available worldwide. (尽管奇迹果有望成为糖的替代品，但它的生产规模有限，而且不在全球范围内销售。)”可知，奇迹果可以替代糖。故选D。
【29题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“To create an alternative source of miraculin, researchers at the University of Tsukuba in Japan have genetically engineered tomatoes to produce the protein, but this isn’t necessary…Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genome(基因图谱)of Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help. (为了创造奇迹果蛋白的替代来源，日本Tsukuba大学的研究人员对西红柿进行了基因工程改造，以生产这种蛋白质，但这不是必要的……今年早些时候，中国海南大学的一个团队发表了硬骨合瓣的基因组，这可能会有所帮助。)”可知，第4段的主要介绍了为获得更多奇迹蛋白所做的努力。故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“You can order tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries online but they are pricey, costing around £18 for a pack of 10. (你可以在网上订购冷冻干燥的奇迹果片，但价格昂贵，每包10片售价约18英镑。)”可知，干的奇迹果片是可以买到的。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genome(基因图谱)of Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help. (今年早些时候，中国海南大学的一个团队发表了硬骨合瓣的基因组，这可能会有所帮助。)”以及最后一段“Spanish start-up Baia Food has plans to promote sustainable growth of the plant in Ghana and market the dried berries. (西班牙初创企业Baia Food计划在加纳促进该工厂的可持续发展，并销售干浆果。)”可知，作者对获得替代糖持乐观态度。故选B。
D
The four-day workweek’s moment has arrived. With a new proposal of legislation (立法) in America to reduce the standard workweek from 40 to 32 hours awareness of a shorter workweek — and enthusiasm for it — is gaining. And so is the doubt around it.
Initial doubt is reasonable since American work culture has been founded on constant working and expectations for overachievement. However, if there were ever a time for transforming thinking, this is it. The challenges over the past years have strengthened our muscles of adaptation. And the new practice of working from home proved that we can adjust quickly to changing conditions.
Four-day workweek pilots (试点) are emerging across the globe, with some companies now deciding to adopt the policy permanently. Microsoft Japan and Kickstarter represent just the growing number of organizations exploring the four-day workweek.
Supporters cite many benefits, including improved physical and mental health, increased gender equity and positive environmental impacts. It is easy to imagine what we might do with an additional day-off - spend time with family and friends, pursue a hobby, sleep. Pilot findings show increased productivity as well. Many in favor of the four-day workweek anticipate a more fulfilled community.
Some leaders will see the research and believe that a pilot is worthwhile. Others will resist the idea. They were taught that face time with employees is the only way to ensure accountability (责任心) and productivity. Less face time can feel like a loss of control.
While each organization will need to find what works for them, doing so can be a productive exercise. Leaders can let employees work out the details rather than “solving” the challenge from the top down. Perpetual Guardian asked employees to propose their own productivity measures, including how to increase productivity and arrange shifts. Awin, a tech firm, saw 80 employees volunteer for task forces to ensure that their switch to a four-day workweek went smoothly.
32. Why are Americans doubtful about the new workweek practice?
A. There are limited legislation proposals for it.
B. It challenges American work value.
C. It goes beyond their standard workweek.
D. There are few pilots for it across the globe.
33. What is paragraph 2 mainly discussing?
A. American work culture.
B. Challenges of the new practice.
C. Details of the new workweek pilots.
D. The possibility of adopting the new practice.
34. What can be achieved by the new practice?
A. A more healthy and efficient society.
B. Diversity of organization management.
C. Increased sense of responsibility.
D. More choices of community services.
35. What does the author suggest leaders do?
A. Handle the challenges from the top down.
B. Allow the employees to try the new practice.
C. Work out detailed solutions for the organization.
D. Develop more ways to measure productivity.
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了新的四小时工作周新惯例在社会上引起的怀疑，支持和试点等情况。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Initial doubt is reasonable since American work culture has been founded on constant working and expectations for overachievement. (最初的怀疑是合理的，因为美国的工作文化建立在不断工作和对超额成就的期望之上。)”可知，美国的工作文化其价值观是“不断工作，超额成就”，而新的工作周惯例是四天制，这与其原有价值观相违背，因此美国人怀疑这一新的工作制度。故选B项。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句“However, if there were ever a time for transforming thinking, this is it. (然而，如果曾经有过转变思维的时候，那就是现在了。)”可知，作者认为现在是时候转变原有思维，即原有的工作文化价值观。故可推测本段主要讲述转变思维，适应新的惯例的可能性。故选D项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Supporters cite many benefits, including improved physical and mental health, increased gender equity and positive environmental impacts. (支持者列举了许多好处，包括改善身心健康、增加性别平等和积极的环境影响。)”和第三句“Pilot findings show increased productivity as well. (试验结果表明，生产率也有所提高。)”可知，新的工作时长惯例能够促进身心健康，也能够提高生产效率，因此整个社会将会更加高效。故选A项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段二三句“Leaders can let employees work out the details rather than “solving” the challenge from the top down. Perpetual Guardian asked employees to propose their own productivity measures, including how to increase productivity and arrange shifts. (领导者可以让员工解决细节问题，而不是自上而下地“解决”挑战。新西兰最大的慈善服务私人机构Perpetual Guardian要求员工提出自己的生产力措施，包括如何提高生产力和安排轮班。)”可知，领导者要让员工自己解决细节问题，且以Perpetual Guardian为例，进一步指出员工自己可以提出自己的生产力措施，即老板应该允许员工自己践行一些新实践。故选B项。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How Can I Fight Laziness?
Lazy people will never gain anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind.
___36___Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.
Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more positive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. ____37____
Some people fight laziness removing the temptations that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. ____38____Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film.
Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not deal with immediately. ____39____ Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people.
____40____ Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.
A. To fight family laziness, set an example.
B. Knowing how to fight laziness is important.
C. One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep.
D. Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness.
E. With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal.
F. Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a child.
G. Laziness appears when you no longer feel in charge of your own mind.
【答案】36. C 37. G 38. F 39. A 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。懒惰的人一生将一事无成。然而，只要你在思想上做一些改变，懒惰是可以被克服的。文章主要介绍了一些克服懒惰的方法。
【36题详解】
根据后文“Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.(许多人经常缺乏睡眠，因为他们熬夜过晚，无法早起准备工作。这些人一旦回到家就没有什么动力了。懒惰与缺乏动力和爱拖延密切相关。通过调整你的睡眠时间表，提供几个小时重要的休息，你可以战胜一整天的懒惰)”可知，本段关于克服懒惰的方法是要获得充足的睡眠，C选项中sleep与后文中sleep相对应。故C选项“克服懒惰的一个方法是获得充足的睡眠”符合语境，故选C。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more proactive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone.(另一种战胜懒惰的方法是把思想从被动转变为主动。有些人对待自己的生活就好像是被迫从一个任务推到另一个任务。另一些人则采取更积极主动的方法，将每项任务视为他们必须独自克服的挑战)”可知，本段克服懒惰的方法是变被动为主动，也就是说，要主动掌握生活，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明当无法主动掌控生活时，就会变懒惰的情况。故G选项“当你觉得自己不再能掌控自己的生活时，就会变得懒惰”符合语境，故选G。
【38题详解】
根据后文“complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film.(完成一些任务，用自己喜欢的东西奖励自己，比如一顿美餐或一场电影)”可知，后文提到了用自己喜欢的东西奖励自己，可知本段说明的克服懒惰的方法是：给予自己奖励，F选项中a reward system for yourself对应后文中reward yourself。故F选项“为自己建立一个奖励系统，就像父母为自己的孩子做的那样”符合语境，故选F。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately.(懒惰在家里也是一个长期存在的问题。夫妻和孩子的精力可能各不相同，但如果不立即处理，懒惰会蔓延开来)”以及后文“Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people.(饭后要第一个收拾碗碟。家里的其他人最终可能会以你为榜样，完成他们自己的任务。当你周围都是干劲十足的人时，很难养成懒惰的习惯)”可知，本段主要是关于如何克服家庭懒惰，上文提到懒惰蔓延，后文则提到了要树立榜样，故本句是在说明对抗家庭懒惰的方法是树立榜样。且A选项中family对应上文中at home。故A选项“要对抗家庭懒惰，树立榜样”符合语境，故选A。
【40题详解】
根据后文“Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.(足够的运动和均衡的饮食可以帮助你养成健康的生活方式，从而使你有更多的精力，并帮助你振作精神)”可知，本段主要说明的是通过锻炼来克服懒惰，D选项中taking exercise对应后文中Enough exercise。故D选项“最后，经常锻炼可以帮助你战胜懒惰”符合语境，故选D。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共三节，满分 45 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As a little girl, Dr Emma dreamed of one day becoming an opera singer. Born to make beautiful music, the mum-of-two never ____41____ organizing her hospital’s Serub Choir(合唱团).
It was at the beginning of 2020 that the ____42____ came about. “It ____43____ my heart to see colleagues pushed to the limit, and see so many seriously ill patients ____44____ to death. To lift spirits across the ____45____, I started singing in the passages. The mood ____46____ as soon as the music started! I ____47____ felt them cheer up. I decided to call on people to make music in the hallways and spread our message of appreciation to worldwide healthcare workers,” she says.
Emma appealed to anyone who was ____48____ to unite(团结)in song and show respect for healthcare workers. “I ____49____ 20 people at first, so you can imagine the _____50_____ when I got 200 eager musicians and songbirds ready to _____51_____!We perform songs touching the hearts of people, providing _____52_____ for everyone,” says Emma. “If you’re having a bad day, I _____53_____ our music will _____54_____ your day! You may have a tough time, but we want you to be _____55_____ that we’re here for you, always.” Emma says.
41. A. imagined B. denied C. wondered D. ignored
42. A. solution B. story C. idea D. dream
43. A. opened B. broke C. warmed D. lightened
44. A. moved B. confused C. amused D. frightened
45. A. theaters B. workshops C. sickrooms D. offices
46. A. changed B. disappeared C. faded D. occurred
47. A. gradually B. immediately C. naturally D. eventually
48. A. proud B. hesitant C. fortunate D. anxious
49 A. expected B. selected C. contacted D. combined
50 A. achievement B. atmosphere C. shock D. scene
51. A. sign up B. check in C. come out D. work out
52. A. impression B. defence C. determination D. comfort
53. A. confirm B. promise C. predict D. realize
54. A. lengthen B. witness C. make D. occupy
55. A. confident B. satisfied C. depressed D. aware
【答案】41. A 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. C 46. A 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. C 51. A 52. D 53. B 54. C 55. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是Emma通过音乐鼓舞了病人的士气，也向医护人员表达了尊重。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为两个孩子的母亲，她生来就能演奏优美的音乐，但她从未想过要组织医院的塞鲁伯合唱团。A. imagined想象；B. denied否认；C. wondered想知道；D. ignored忽视。根据下文“It was at the beginning of 2020 that the____2____ came about.”可知，组织医院合唱团的想法是2020年出现的。由此可以推断，她最初并没有想过组织医院合唱团。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个想法是在2020年初产生的。A. solution解决方法；B. story故事；C. idea想法；D. dream梦想。根据下文“I decided to call on people to make music in the hallways and spread our message of appreciation to worldwide healthcare workers”可知，这个想法在2020年初产生。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到同事们被逼到极限，看到那么多重病患者被吓死，我的心都碎了。A. opened打开；B. broke打破；C. warmed温暖；D. lightened照亮、减轻。根据下文“to see colleagues pushed to the limit, and see so many seriously ill patients ____4____ to death.”可知，Emma看到同事被逼到极限，看到重病患者被吓死，根据常理推测，看到这一切心都会碎的。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“看到同事们被逼到极限，看到那么多重病患者被吓死，我的心都碎了。A. moved感动的；B. confused困惑的；C. amused愉快的；D. frightened害怕的。根据上文的“many seriously ill patients”可知，这些人是重病患者，由此可推断，这些人是担心病情而被吓死。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了鼓舞病房里的人，我开始在走廊里唱歌。A. theaters剧院；B. workshops工场；C. sickrooms病房；D. offices办公室。根据上文的“many seriously ill patients”以及第一段“Born to make beautiful music, the mum-of-two never ____1____ organizing her hospital’s Serub Choir(合唱团).”可知，这个合唱团身处医院，由此可推断，Emma是想鼓舞病房里的人。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：音乐一开始，气氛就变了！A. changed改变；B. disappeared消失；C. faded褪色；D. occurred发生。根据下文“I ____7____ felt them cheer up. I decided to call on people to make music in the hallways and spread our message of appreciation to worldwide healthcare workers”可知，音乐有了作用，由此可推断，音乐响起后，气氛变了。故选A。
【47题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我立刻感到他们高兴起来。A. gradually逐渐；B. immediately立即；C. naturally天生地；D. eventually最后。根据上文“The mood ____6____ as soon as the music started!”可知，音乐一响，气氛就变了。说明Emma立即就感到病人高兴起来了。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Emma呼吁所有渴望团结在一起唱歌并向医护人员表示尊重的人。A. proud自豪的；B. hesitant迟疑的；C. fortunate幸运的；D. anxious担忧的、急切的。根据句意可知，Emma是想号召人们在走廊里制作音乐，并向全世界的医护人员传播感激之情，由此可推断，Emma所呼吁的人应该是有着相同想法的人，也就是渴望团结在一起向医护人员表示尊重的人。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一开始我预计会有20人参加，所以你可以想象当我有200名热心的音乐家和女歌手准备报名时的震惊！A. expected期待、预计；B. selected挑选；C. contacted联系；D. combined结合。根据下文“so you can imagine the ____10____ when I got 200 eager musicians and songbirds ready to ____11____!”可知，最终有200个人来报名，所以最初的20人是Emma预计的。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一开始我预计会有20人参加，所以你可以想象当我有200名热心的音乐家和女歌手准备报名时的震惊！A. achievement成就；B. atmosphere氛围；C. shock震惊；D. scene场景。根据上文“I ____9____ 20 people at first”可知，Emma最初以为只有20人参加；而通过空后“when I got 200 eager musicians and songbirds ready to ____11____!”可知，最终有200人报名。由此可推断，空处指的是Emma的震惊。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一开始我预计会有20人参加，所以你可以想象当我有200名热心的音乐家和女歌手准备报名时的震惊！A. sign up签约、报名；B. check in登记；C. come out出现、出版；D. work out锻炼、解决。根据上文“Emma appealed to anyone who was ____8____ to unite(团结)in song and show respect for healthcare workers.”可知，Emma是号召别人参与进来，所以这些人应该是报名参加。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们演唱歌曲触动了人们的心灵，为每个人提供安慰。A. impression印象；B. defence防御；C. determination决心；D. comfort安慰。根据空前“We perform songs touching the hearts of people”可知，Emma认为她们的歌曲触动了人们的心灵，所以空处指的是为人们提供了安慰。故选D。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果你今天心情不好，我保证我们的音乐会让你开心！你可能会遇到困难，但我们希望你明白，我们永远在你身边。” Emma说。A. confirm证实；B. promise承诺、保证；C. predict预测；D. realize明白、意识。根据上文“We perform songs touching the hearts of people, providing ____12____ for everyone,”可知，Emma认为她们的音乐会给人们带来安慰，因此，她向人们保证她们的音乐会让人们开心。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果你今天心情不好，我保证我们的音乐会让你开心！你可能会遇到困难，但我们希望你明白，我们永远在你身边。” Emma说。A. lengthen加长；B. witness见证；C. make制作；D. occupy占据。根据上文“We perform songs touching the hearts of people, providing ____12____ for everyone,”以及“If you’re having a bad day”可知，Emma认为她们的音乐可以治愈人们的心灵。所以，当心情不好的时候，她们的音乐会让人们开心起来。考查短语“make one’s day”，意为“让某人开心”。故选C。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“如果你今天心情不好，我保证我们的音乐会让你开心！你可能会遇到困难，但我们希望你明白，我们永远在你身边。” Emma说。A. confident有信心的；B. satisfied满意的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. aware明白的。根据上文“We perform songs touching the hearts of people, providing ____12____ for everyone,”可知，Emma认为她们的音乐可以给人们带去安慰。由此可知，她想让人们意识到会永远在身边。故选D。
第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
根据句意和提示用正确的单词把句子补充完整。
Shanghai Library East Branch Begins Test Run
The Shanghai Library’s East Branch began____56____ (it) test operation on August 16. As one of the smartest libraries in Shanghai, the new branch has the largest individual library building in China, ____57____ size is 115,000 square meters. There are nearly 6,000 seats inside and it is expected____58____ (receive) 4 million visitors a year. It offers some 400,000 books as well as more than 600 kinds of magazines____59____ Chinese and foreign languages.
With 12 mobile robot “librarians” and various intelligent systems, it is much ____60____ (easy) for readers to find the book they need, and borrow or return books while____61____ (experience) the latest technologies. The special robot “librarians” can also guide visitors to different areas, answer their questions, search for or recommend books ____62____ provide broadcasting service. After the books____63____ (return), a 24-hour smart sorting line will allow them to be back on the ____64____ (shelf) quickly.
The construction of the new library started in September 2017 and was completed in 2022. The new library will become a cultural center that provides diverse reading-related services and experiences. The original library on Huaihai Road will focus on serving the academic needs of professional readers and research institutions after the new one opens _____65_____ (official).
【答案】56. its
57. whose 58. to receive
59. in 60. easier
61. experiencing
62. and 63. are returned
64. shelves
65. officially
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了上海市图书馆浦东新分馆的试营业。
【56题详解】
考查代词。句意：上海图书馆东分馆于8月16日开始试运行。设空处修饰名词作定语，应用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
【57题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：作为上海最智能的图书馆之一，新分馆拥有中国最大的独立图书馆大楼，面积达11.5万平方米。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词library building，关系词在从句中作定语，故填whose。
【58题详解】
考查不定式。句意：馆内有近6000个座位，预计每年将接待400万游客。短语be expected to do，意为“被预期做某事”，故填to receive。
【59题详解】
考查介词。句意：图书馆藏书40多万册，中、外文杂志600多种。此处表示600多种汉语和外语形式的杂志，介词in表示使用的语言、材料等。故填in。
【60题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：通过12个移动机器人“图书管理员”和各种智能系统，读者可以更轻松地找到他们需要的书，并在体验最新技术的同时借书或还书。设空处接在be动词后应用形容词作表语，前面有much修饰，应用比较级形式，故填easier。
【61题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：同上。while____6____ (experience) the latest technologies为状语从句的省略，此处应用动词的分词形式，动词和逻辑主语readers之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，故填experiencing。
【62题详解】
考查连词。句意：这种特殊的机器人“图书管理员”还可以引导游客到不同的区域，回答他们的问题，搜索或推荐书籍，并提供广播服务。分析可知， guide visitors to different areas, answer their questions, search for or recommend books和provide broadcasting service之间是并列关系，应用连词and连接，故填and。
【63题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：图书被归还后，一条24小时智能分拣线会让它们迅速放回书架上。设空处为谓语，和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据下文可知应用一般现在时，主语the books，谓语用复数形式，故填are returned。
【64题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：同上。设空处为名词作宾语，表示书架，可数名词，图书馆不只一个书架，应用复数形式，故填shelves。
【65题详解】
考查副词。句意： 淮海路原图书馆正式开馆后，将重点服务专业读者和研究机构的学术需求。设空处修饰动词opens，应用副词作状语，故填officially。
第三节(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
根据句意和提示用正确的单词把句子补充完整。
66. The new plant is________ construction and will come into operation next year.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】under
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：新工厂正在建设中，将于明年投入运营。固定短语under construction意为“在建设中”。故填under。
67. Trade union has some ________ (replace) advantages in protecting the workers’ interests.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】irreplaceable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：工会在维护工人利益方面具有不可替代的优势。分析句子，设空处使用replace的形容词作定语，修饰名词advantages，此处意为“不可替代的”用irreplaceable。故填irreplaceable。
68. ________ (face) the dilemma, Carol was torn between becoming a doctor and a career in athletics. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Facing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对这样的困境，卡罗尔在成为一名医生和成为一名运动员之间摇摆不定。分析句子，句中was torn为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处Carol与face之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Facing。
69. The fashion show featured a collection of________ (represent) designs from various renowned designers. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】representative
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：时装秀汇集了多位著名设计师的代表性设计。此处用形容词修饰名词作定语，representative意为“有代表性的”，故填representative。
70. Tears of________ (grateful) rolling down her face, she embraced her mentor who saved her from the depths of despair. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】gratitude
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：感激的泪水从她的脸上滚下来，她拥抱了她的导师，是这个导师把她从绝望中救了出来。设空处接在介词of之后，应用名词作宾语，根据提示词可知是gratitude，不可数名词，故填gratitude。
71. Wilson, a 76-year-old ________ (retire) engineer, has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】retired
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：76岁的威尔逊是一名退休工程师，在过去8年里一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务。设空处修饰名词作定语，应用形容词，表示退休的，故填retired。
72. Hardly had the birthday girl blown out the candles when, overwhelmed with joy, she burst ________ crying tears of happiness. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】out
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：生日女孩还没吹灭蜡烛，她就欣喜若狂，流出了幸福的眼泪。短语burst out，意为“突然发生”，符合句意，故填out。
73. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence________ (contain) the best advice I’ve ever had: be bold. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】containing
【解析】
【详解】考查分词作定语。句意：他看了我一会儿，然后写了一句包含了我所得到的最好的建议的话，建议为：大胆一点。分析句子结构可知，空格处部分为后置定语修饰名词sentence，sentence与动词contain之间存在主动关系，应使用现在分词，故填containing。
74. In the journey of self-discovery, nothing is________ (significant) than finding inner peace and contentment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】more significant
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在自我发现的旅程中，没有什么比找到内心的平静和满足更重要的了。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作表语，句中than为比较级表示，significant意为“重要的”，其比较级为more significant。故填more significant。
75. ________ (fortune), he passed away due to terminal cancer, but he left a deep impression on me and gave me the inspiration to pick up my pen again. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Unfortunately
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：不幸的是，他因癌症晚期去世了，但他给我留下了深刻的印象，并给了我再次拿起笔的灵感。设空处修饰后面整个句子作状语，应用副词，句首单词首字母大写，故填Unfortunately。
76. Meanwhile, there are________ (complain) that poor service at London’s major airports is discouraging foreigners from doing business in Britain. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】complaints
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：与此同时，有人抱怨说，伦敦主要机场糟糕的服务阻碍了外国人在英国做生意。分析句子，设空处使用complain的名词complaint作主语，意为“抱怨”，此处表示复数意义。故填complaints。
77. In 2014, a national charity was founded and over the next months, donations from all walks of life________ (collect) for the benefit of the handicapped. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were collected
【解析】
【详解】考查被动语态。句意：2014年，成立了一个全国性慈善机构，在接下来的几个月里，社会各界的捐款都被筹集起来，以造福残疾人。根据2014年可知，时间为过去，应使用一般过去时，复数形式主语donations 与动词collect之间存在被动关系，应使用被动语态，故填were collected。
78. There had been a previous occasion________ Harry, expected to be punished by the professor, had instead been appointed to the Quidditch team. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【解析】
【详解】考查关系副词。句意：之前明显有一次，哈利被代替任命为魁地奇队队员，预计会受到教授的惩罚。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限定性定语从句修饰occasion，且在从句中作时间状语，应使用关系副词when，故填when。
79. It ________ (occur) to Jane that she had overlooked an important detail in her presentation while she was already standing before the audience. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】occurred
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：简突然想到，当她已经站在观众面前时，她在演讲中忽略了一个重要的细节。It occurs to sb，意为“某人突然想到……”，符合句意，根据下文可知应用一般过去时，故填occurred。
80. In some cultures, both overseas and in some________ (minor) groups in North America, listeners are considered disrespectful if they look directly at the speaker. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】minority
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在某些文化中，无论是海外还是北美的一些少数群体，如果听众直接看演讲者，就会被认为是不尊重的。设空处修饰名词作定语，表示少数，应用名词minority，故填minority。
第四部分 写作(满分 25 分)
81. 假如你是李华，最近参加了英语素养大赛收获颇多，想写一封感谢信，向你的竞争对手 Sam 致谢并分享你在此过程中获得的成长，内容包括：
1. 表达感谢；
2. 分享收获；
3. 表达祝福。
注意：
1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sam,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sam,
I am writing this letter to express my sincere gratitude for the competition we have shared.
Through our rivalry, I have gained valuable insights and experiences that have shaped me into a better person. Intense and challenging as our contentions are, it is your dedication and talent that have served as a constant source of inspiration for me. Each time I fell short, I found the strength to pick myself up and improve, drawing on your resilience, perseverance, and determination. Despite the fierce competition, you have always shown respect and fairness, your graciousness in both victory and defeat teaching me the importance of humility and grace.
Once again, thank you for being a worthy competitor and for the valuable insights and experiences our competition has provided. Wish you an even more fruitful academic life!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你是李华，最近参加了英语素养大赛收获颇多，想写一封感谢信，向你的竞争对手 Sam 致谢并分享你在此过程中获得的成长。
【详解】1.词汇积累
提供：provide→ offer
获得：gain → obtain
提高：improve→ boost
丰富的：fruitful→ abundant
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Despite the fierce competition, you have always shown respect and fairness, your graciousness in both victory and defeat teaching me the importance of humility and grace.
拓展句：Despite the fierce competition, you have always shown respect and fairness, your graciousness in both victory and defeat, which have taught me the importance of humility and grace.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Through our rivalry, I have gained valuable insights and experiences that have shaped me into a better person.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Intense and challenging as our contentions are, it is your dedication and talent that have served as a constant source of inspiration for me.（运用了as引导的让步状语从句）