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    高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题26语法填空之如何巧取连词题(含解析)

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    高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题26语法填空之如何巧取连词题(含解析)

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    这是一份高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题26语法填空之如何巧取连词题(含解析),共32页。
    专题26 语法填空之如何巧取连词题

    对连词的考查涉及到并列句和三大从句,是高考语法填空的重点和难点,也是学生的易错点。分析句子成分,牢记从句用法是解题的关键。


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    有提示词
    谓语动词
    2
    2
    1
    1
    1
    1
    0
    2
    非谓语动词
    2
    2
    4
    3
    0
    2
    2
    2
    名词
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    2
    1
    形容词
    0
    1
    1
    2
    3
    2
    2
    2
    副词
    1
    1
    0
    0
    1
    0
    0
    0
    数词
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    1
    0
    0
    代词
    0
    0
    1
    0
    1
    0
    1
    0
    无提示词
    介词
    1
    0
    1
    1
    0
    1
    1
    1
    冠词
    1
    1
    0
    1
    1

    1
    1
    连词
    1
    1
    1

    1
    1
    1
    1
    其他词
    1(定语从句关系代词)
    1(特殊疑问词)
    0
    1(定语从句关系代词)
    1(主语从句关系代词)
    1(定语从句关系代词)
    0
    0

    『命题专家谈高考』
    【考纲解读】
    语法填空旨在通过语篇测试考生的英语语言知识与技能,将语法考查提高到语篇层次,在完整、真实、综合的语境中多角度考查考生运用语法知识理解篇章的能力。
    语法填空考查形式分为有提示词(7个)和无提示词(3个)两种形式。有提示词多考查实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)的词性转换和基本用法,如动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致;名词的数;形容词和副词的比较等级等。无提示词多考查虚词的用法,主要考查介词、冠词和连词等。
    【备考建议】
    1.该题型以后会更加突出语篇,强调运用。因此,考生要及时转变观念,关注语法在语篇中的交际使用情况,将学习英语的关注点转移到语言的实际运用上来。
    2.同时,还要加强语篇逻辑分析能力和精细阅读能力的培养,继续重视语言运用的准确性。
    3.语法和词汇知识是综合运用语言能力的基础,要与真实的交际场景和语篇运用紧密结合。



    如何巧取连词题
    No.1思维定向——如何确定填连词
    解题步骤
    典例印证
    第一步:如何确定并列连词
    如果两个单词、短语、句子相并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系填并列连词。
    第二步:如何确定其他连词
    如果空处引导从句,则首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句,然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。
      Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____________ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
    【分析】
    第一步 确定并列连词
    分析句子结构可知, highlights 与offers 是两个并列谓语。
    第二步 确定填哪个连词
    本空连接两个谓语动词(highlights和offers),表示顺接关系,因此这里填并列连词。
    [尝试解答]  and__
    No.2解题规则——再确定具体用何种连词
     技法1 并列连词——关系分析法+句型法
    思维定向
    典题试做
    解题原则
    1.关系分
    析法
    1.They kept their collection at home until it got too big ____________ until they died,and then it was given to a museum.
    2.It’s also that they are on average healthier ____________ more productive for longer.
    3.It was estimated that about 500 million people ____________ one-third of the world’s population of that time became infected with this virus.
    4.Grandpa Amu insists that he isn’t an Internet celebrity (名人)____________ just an ordinary farmer.
    5.Life isn’t perfect and it’s always hard, ____________ we need reminders in our life from friends, authors, bloggers, pastors or our inner spirits to refocus on the things that matter and make us live positively.
    6.Some people like the convenience of big cities,____________ others like the tranquility(宁静) of a smaller college town.
    分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系,确定用哪个连词。
    (1)表示并列或递进关系的有:and, both...and...两者都, not only...but (also)...不但……而且……等。
    (2)表示选择关系的有:or, either...or...或者……或者……,neither...nor...既不……也不……。
    (3)表示转折或对比关系的有:but, while, not...but...等。
    (4)表示因果关系的有:so, for等。
    2.句型法
    7. Hardly had we arrived at the farm ____________ we saw many oranges hanging from the branches.
    8.One day, the cow was eating grass ____________ it began to rain heavily.
    9.Please send us postcards ____________ we will know where you have visited.
    1.“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型。
    2.其他固定句型:
    ·be doing sth when...正在做某事这时……
    ·be about to do sth when...
    正要做某事这时……
    ·had just done sth when...
    刚做某事这时……
    ·hardly had sb/sth done when...
    刚……就……
    ·no sooner had sb/sth done than...
    刚……就……
    答案
    1.or [考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世,然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知,前后陈述的是两种可能性,应使用连词or “或者”。]
    2.and [考查连词。结合句意可知,healthier 和more productive 构成并列关系,故填and。]
    3.or [考查连词。此处意为:大约5亿人或者说当时世界人口的三分之一感染了这个病毒。空格前后为选择性并列关系。]
    4.but [考查连词。句意:阿木爷爷坚称自己不是网红,只是一个普通的农民。not...but...“不是……而是……”为固定用法。]
    5.so [考查连词。句意:生活并不完美,而且总是充满艰辛,因此我们在生活中需要朋友、作家、博主、牧师或者我们自己内心的提醒,从而使自己重新关注那些重要的和可以让我们积极生活的事情。根据句意可知,设空处前后为因果关系。故填so。]
    6.while/ but [考查连词。句意:一些人喜欢大城市的便利,而另一些人喜欢较小的大学城的宁静。“Some people like the convenience of big cities”和“others like the tranquility(宁静) of a smaller college town”构成转折或对比关系。]
    7.when [考查连词。句意:我们刚到农场,就看见橘子挂满枝头。此题考查hardly...when...“刚……就……”句式。]
    8.when [考查连词。句意:一天,奶牛正在吃草,这时突然下起了大雨。be doing sth when...是固定结构,意为“正在做某事那时……”。]
    9.and [考查连词。此题考查“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句式。]
     技法2 定语从句——4步法确定关系词
    思维定向
    典题试做
    解题原则


    第一步:
    确定是
    定语从句
    1.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ____________ opened in 1759.
    2.Dr.Rowan,____________ secretary resigned two weeks ago,has had to do all his own typing.
    3.The Rio Carnival is without doubt something ____________ everyone should add to his or her bucket list.
    分析句子结构,设空处是无提示词, 设空后的句子不完整,且对设空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用,就要考虑填定语从句关系词。
    第二步:
    分清限制
    与非限制
    4.In most addictions, people feel forced to do certain activities so often that they become a harmful habit, ____________ then affects other important activities such as work or school.
    5.However, it is a very complex activity ____________ involves almost all psychological processes including sensation, perception, motor behavior, motivation, attention, emotion, cognition and all kinds of memory.
    6.____________ is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading.
    在先行词的后面出现逗号的,是非限制性定语从句。
    1.that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
    2.which引导非限制性定语从句可代表主句的全部或部分内容,which意为“这一点”。
    3.as引导非限制性定语从句,可置于句中或句首,意为“正如”。
    第三步:
    寻找先行
    词,判断属
    性(指人还
    是指物,表
    时间、地点
    还是原因)
    7.Robinson does not remember anything from the accident, but he will never forget the man ____________ saved his life.
    8.In ancient China lived an artist ____________ paintings were almost lifelike.
    9.Mr.Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s, ____________ he gave it to his grandson.
    1.先行词指人:that/who/whom/whose;
    2.先行词指物:that/which/whose等;
    3.表时间/地点/原因:when/where/why。
    第四步:
    判断从句中
    所缺成分,
    确定关系词
    10.The students benefitting most from college are those ____________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources (资源).
    11.Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ____________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
    12. For those who love nature, Zhangjiajie is a place ____________ we must visit.
    1.缺少主语:that/which/who;
    2.缺少动词的宾语:that/which/who/whom;
    3.缺少介词的宾语:whom/which;
    4.缺少定语:whose;
    5.缺少时间、地点或原因状语时;分别用when, where, why。
    答案 
    1.which/that [考查定语从句。句意:例如,汉斯·斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限制性定语从句,先行词是the British Museum,关系词在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词which/that引导。]
    2.whose [考查定语从句。secretary与Dr.Rowan之间为所属关系,所以应用whose引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作定语。]
    3.that [考查定语从句。句意:毫无疑问,狂欢节是每个人都应该添加到他或她的愿望清单上的东西。分析句子可知,空格处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为不定代词something,故用关系代词that引导从句,在从句中作宾语。]
    4.which [考查定语从句。句意:在大多数上瘾症中,人们感到被迫经常做某些活动,以至于成为一种有害的习惯。然后这会影响到其他活动,例如工作和学习。根据句子结构判定本句为非限制性定语从句,空格处所缺的关系词指代前面整个句子,且在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which。]
    5.that/which [考查定语从句。句意:然而,它是一项非常复杂的活动,涉及几乎所有的心理过程,包括感觉、知觉、运动行为、动机、注意力、情绪、认知和各种记忆。设空处是一个定语从句修饰先行词activity,关系词在从句中作主语,所以填that/which。]
    6.As [考查定语从句。句意:正如第四段所述,当你安静地坐在角落里看一本好书时,带着你的孩子看半个小时的故事是一种放松。As “正如”符合语境。]
    7.who/that [考查定语从句。句意:鲁宾逊对事故的任何事情都不记得了,但他永远也不会忘记那个救了他命的人。空处引导定语从句,先行词the man,指人,在定语从句中作主语,需用关系代词who/that引导。]
    8.whose [考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist,且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whose。]
    9.when [考查定语从句。句意:史密斯先生持有这幅油画到20世纪90年代初,同年他把它给了他的孙子。空格处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the early 1990s, 并在从句中作时间状语,故填when。]
    10.who [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语,修饰先行词those,指大学生们,故填who。]
    11.where [考查定语从句。句意:由于月球阻碍了与探测器的直接无线电通信,中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知,空格处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a spot,且在从句中作地点状语,故填关系副词where。]
    12.that/which [考查定语从句。句意:张家界是一个我们一定要去的地方。分析句子可知,此句为限定性定语从句,先行词为a place,在从句中作宾语,应用关系代词that或which引导。]
    【名师点拨】 “介词+关系代词”的使用3规则
    构成
    用法
    介词(短语)+which/whom
    介词提前时,指物只能用which,指人只能用whom
    数词/形容词最高级/不定代词+of+which/whom
    表示部分与整体的关系
    the+名词+of+which/whom
    表示所属关系,可转化为“whose+名词”

     技法3 名词性从句——搞定名词性从句5方向
    设空处无提示词,先确定主句主谓结构,再确定设空处和空后的内容在主句中充当的成分:主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
    思维定向
    典题试做
    解题原则
    方向一:
    从句中不缺句子成分且句意完整
    1.The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
    2.Tourist destinations in Europe are confident ____________ the strong growth of China’s winter sports industry will benefit their economies.
    分析句子结构,不缺任何成分且句子意义完整, 考虑that引导同位语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和主语从句,此时that没有词义,也不作任何成分。
    方向二:
    从句中不缺句子成分但句意不完整
    3.She asked me ____________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
    4.But there is some debate over ____________ it was NOLA or Mobile, Alabama that had the first Mardi Gras back in the 1700s.
    分析句子结构, 不缺任何成分,且引导词表示是否,考虑whether引导名词性从句,if可以用于引导宾语从句。
    方向三:
    从句中缺少主/宾/表语
    5.The student completed this experiment to make come true ____________ Professor Joseph had said.
    6.____________ deeply touched us is that many students chose to spend the nights of Lunar New Year’s Eve and the next day, usually the time for family gatherings and relaxing, studying in classrooms.
    分析句子结构,缺少主语、宾语、表语:用连接代词what,who, whom, which, whatever等。
    方向四:
    从句中缺少状语
    7.What students do at college seems to matter much more than ____________ they go.
    8.The data from this extreme weather station is enabling scientists to directly keep a close eye on the jet stream and understand ____________ Himalayan climate is changing.
    缺少状语(结合句意判断):用连接副词where (表地点),when (表时间),how (表方式或程度),why (表原因)等。
    方向五:
    it句型
    9.It is likely ____________ FAST will help make many new Nobel-level discoveries.
    10.It is warned ____________ the pandemic could create a “lost” generation who will be affected by “lifelong” mental illnesses.
    it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句要牢记。
    答案
    1.that [考查同位语从句。本句含有一个同位语从句,解释了名词evidence的具体内容,空格处在从句中不充当成分,也无意义,故填连接词that。]
    2.that [考查宾语从句。句意:欧洲旅游目的地对中国的冬季运动产业很有信心,认为中国冬季运动产业的强劲增长对他们的经济有益。此处考查的是句型be confident that...,宾语从句不缺成分,that仅起连接作用,无实义。]
    3.if/whether [考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,从句结构完整,但句意不完整,故用if或whether表示“是否”。]
    4.whether [考查宾语从句。句意:但是,在18世纪的时候,究竟是诺拉还是阿拉巴马州的莫比尔举办了第一次狂欢节,这还存在一些争论。空处引导宾语从句,根据后文“it was NOLA or Mobile”可知为whether...or...,表示“是……还是……”。]
    5.what [考查宾语从句。句意:这个学生完成了这个实验,使约瑟夫教授所说的变成了现实。空格处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作said的宾语,故填what。]
    6.What [考查主语从句。句意:最让我们感动的是,很多学生选择在除夕夜和大年夜这两个通常是家庭聚会和放松的时间在教室里学习。主语从句中缺少主语,且是指事情,所以应用连接代词what。]
    7.where [考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。]
    8.how [考查宾语从句。句意:来自这个极端气象站的数据使科学家能够直接密切关注喷射气流并了解喜马拉雅气候是如何变化的。分析句子结构,understand后是一个宾语从句,句中缺少方式状语,所以用连接副词how。]
    9.that [考查主语从句。句意:FAST很可能会帮助许多新的诺贝尔级别的发现。此处为句型“it be likely that...”,表示“可能……”,it作形式主语,that从句为真正主语。]
    10.that [考查主语从句。句意:有人警告说,大流行病可能造成“迷失的一代”,他们将受到“终生”精神疾病的影响。此处为主语从句,从句中不缺少成分,句意完整,应用只起连接作用的that。]
     技法4 状语从句——句意法+固定句式法
    思维定向
    典题试做
    解题原则
    1.句意法确定状语从句引导词
    1. Every day Mei watched them ________ they flew, which helped him to develop the expressive eye movements that were so important to his art.
    2.Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion ________ he wants their support.
    3. In China, food deliverymen are always in a rush between traffic regardless of wind or rain.________ they make our life more convenient, this can come at a cost for them.
    1.while/when/as/since/before/after/until引导的时间状语从句
    2.if/unless/once引导的条件状语从句
    3.though/although/while/as引导的让步状语从句
    4.where引导的地点状语从句
    5.because/since/as引导的原因状语从句
    2.固定句式法确定状语从句引导词
    4.If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people ____________ you figure it out.
    5.I was running so fast ____________ I bounced off the trunk and landed on my backside.
    6.____________ or not you agree, the saying does reflect its vital role in the city’s evolution(演变).

    1.so/such...that...如此……以至于……
    2.not...until...直到……才……
    3.It will/won’t be+一段时间+before...过了多少时间才/没过多长时间就……
    4.It is some time(一段时间)+since...自从……多长时间
    5.whether...or not...无论……还是……,引导让步状语从句
    答案
    1.as/when [考查状语从句。句意:每天梅都看着它们飞翔,这帮助他发展了富有表现力的眼部运动,这对他的艺术非常重要。as/ when引导时间状语从句, 意为“当……时候”, 符合语境。]
    2.unless [考查状语从句。句意:汤姆很独立,除非他想得到父母的支持,否则他从不征求父母的意见。根据语境可知,这里用从属连词unless引导条件状语从句,表示“除非”。]
    3.Although/Though/While [考查状语从句。句意:虽然他们使我们的生活更方便,但他们要付出很大代价。分析句子可知,设空处引导的是让步状语从句,设空处为引导词,故填Although/Though/While。]
    4.until [考查状语从句。句意:如果你不明白某件事情,你可以研究、学习,也可以与其他人谈谈,直到弄明白为止。until引导时间状语从句,表示“直到”。]
    5.that [考查状语从句。句意:我跑得如此快以至于我撞到树干上被弹回来,仰面朝天摔倒在地上。根据句意可知,空格处及后面的内容为that引导的结果状语从句,故填that。]
    6.Whether [考查状语从句。句意:不管你是否同意,这句话确实反映了它在城市发展中的重要作用。whether...or not...无论……还是……, 符合语境。]


    精做高考真题
    1、(2022·浙江·高考真题1月)
    Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___1___ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane  ____2____(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others ____3____ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ____4____(change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, _____5_____(rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ____6____ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
    Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ___7___ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___8___ time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the ____9____ (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans _______10_______(continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
    【语篇解读】
    这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由学者团体发行的实践,目的是为了减少学术飞行以应对气候变化危机。
    【详情解析】
    1.【that/who】考查定语从句。句意:亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员,因为气候变化,他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词替代,故填that/who。
    2.【is viewed或has been viewed】考查被动语态。句意:对科学家而言,旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时,此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知,动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系,故填is viewed或has been viewed。
    3.【are】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法,推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机,他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知,此处也应使用现在进行时,主语为复数,故填are。
    4.【changing】考查时态。句意:但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法,推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机,他们正在改变他们的个人行为。分析句子结构可知,此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change,故填changing。
    5.【roughly】考查副词。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,大约有200个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”,故填roughly。
    6.【have promised】考查时态。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,大约有200个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时,故填have promised。
    7.【whether或if】考查宾语从句。句意:对于她的出席,Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句,宾语从句句意不完整,whether/if“是否”符合语境,故填whether或if。
    8.【the】考查冠词。句意:大约有四分之三的时间,他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内,故填the。
    9.考查名词。句意:当答案是否定的时候,她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语,故填invitation。
    10.【to continue】考查动词不定式。句意:他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式,plan to do sth“计划做”,故填to continue。
    2、(2020·全国·高考I卷)
    China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ___11___ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is ___12___ (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___13___ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular ___14___ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so ___15___ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ___16___ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. "This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it ___17___ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ___18___ (construct)" Data about the moon’s composition, such as how ___19___ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ____20____ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
    【语篇解读】
    这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家,文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
    【详情解析】
    11.【touched】考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,故填touched。
    12.【extremely】考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使用extreme的副词形式,故填extremely。
    13.【where】考查定语从句。句意:中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知,空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是a spot,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导。故填where。
    14.【interest】考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知,空处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
    15.【than】考查介词。句意:因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知,此处填介词than,表示“比……更”。故填than。
    16.【to find】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
    17.【means】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。
    18.【is constructed】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the moon是单数,故填is constructed。
    19.【much】考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,故填much。
    20.【its】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
    3、(2020·全国·高考II卷)
    Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
    Chinese New Year is a ___21___ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___22___ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth  ___23___  (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
    These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
    Oranges: Orange trees are more ___24___ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times ___25___ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
    Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. ___26___ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated ___27___ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy ___28___ (care) for and make great presents.
    Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The ___29___ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are _____30_____  first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
    【语篇解读】
    本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。
    【详情解析】
    21.【celebration】考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
    22.【carries】考查主谓一致。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句,从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
    23.【coming】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
    24.【than】考查短语。句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品;more than不仅仅,不只是。故填than。
    25.【decorated】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
    26.【Certainly】考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语,因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构,用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
    27.【with】考查短语。句意:竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
    28.【to care】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
    29.【beautiful】考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches,用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
    30.【the】考查冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指,所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
    4、(2020·浙江·高考真题)
    Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950___31___(be)30-today it is 41 and is expected___32___(increase)to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the___33___(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65;by 2050, it will be one in six.
    This aging of the population is driven___34___two factors. The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large___35___(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes___36___(old)than before. This is___37___(particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has___38___very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
    People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should___39___(place)on longevity(长寿). It isn't just that people are, on average, living longer. It's also that they are on average healthier___40___more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.
    【语篇解读】
    这是一篇说明文。主要说明了世界人口正面临老龄化问题,并分析了其产生的两个原因。
    【详情解析】
    31.【was】考查动词时态。句意:1950年美国人的中年年龄是30岁,今天是41岁,预计到2050年将增加到42岁。结合上文in 1950可知应用一般过去时,且主语为The median age of an American,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was。
    32.【to increase】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式,故填to increase。
    33.【numbers】考查名词的数。句意:对日本来说,这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁,今天是46岁,2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”,且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式,故填numbers。
    34.【by】考查介词。句意:人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由;被”应用介词by。故填by。
    35.【compared】考查动词时态语态。句意:首先是出生率的下降,这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多,因此,平均而言,人口比以前老龄化。短语be compared to“与……相比;与某事相提并论”,故填compared。
    36.【older】考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级,故填older。
    37.【particularly】考查副词。句意:在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词,故填particularly。
    38.【a】考查冠词。句意:今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上,因此需要做出相应的计划。chance为可数名词,此处表示泛指应用不定冠词,且very为辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。
    39.【be placed】考查动词时态语态。句意:然而,更多的关注应放在寿命上。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且should后跟动词原形,故填be placed。
    40.【and】考查连词。句意:而且,平均而言,他们更健康,更长寿。结合上下文语境可知此处连接上下文两个并列短语应用连词and,故填and。
    5、(2019·全国·高考I卷)
    The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ___41___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___42___(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
    Modern methods ___43___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___44___(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ___45___(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___46___(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___47___(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___48___(high) than they actually are. Of ___49___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ____50____(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
    【语篇解读】
    本文为说明文。文章介绍了近年来北极熊的生存状况。
    【详情解析】
    41.【that】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
    42.【poorly】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知,此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied,意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
    43.【of/for】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语,用of连接,“methods of doing sth.”意为“……的方法”,构成固定结构;或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
    44.【to perform】考查非谓语动词。句意:跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从二十世纪八十年代中期以来才开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式作原因或目的状语。故此处填to perform。
    45.【have reported】考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语in recent years可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填have reported。
    46.【belief】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知,空格处用名词形式,故填belief。
    47.【noting】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知,此处用动名词作宾语,故填noting。
    48.【higher】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填higher。
    49.【the】考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已识别的19个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。
    50.【are】考查主谓一致。根据three are declining,此处数词six作主语,要用复数谓语,时态为一般现在时,故填are。
     挑战名校考题
    1、(2023届新疆伊宁教育联盟高三期中联考)
    Who was the inventor the ATM (Automatic Teller Machine)? The people have ____1____ (argue) for years. Now the UK government is ____2____ (clear) saying it was James Goodfellow____3____invented the ATM.
    Back in the mid-1960s, James Goodfellow was working  ____4____a development engineer for Glasgow firm Kelvin Hughes, and had been responsible for inventing a way to enable customers to withdraw cash from banks when Saturday opening ended. “Most people____5____ (work) during the week couldn’t get to the bank. They wanted a solution to it. The solution____6____ (be) a machine which would issue cash on demand to a ____7____ (recognize) customer, he said. “I set about____8____(develop) a cash-issuing machine  ____9____(make) this a reality, I invented the pin (personal identification number) and an associated coded token (代币).”
    The cash machine has become a world-conquering piece of technology. There are now 3 million ATMs worldwide, with the number forecast to hit 4 million by 2020. The good news for Goodfellow is that people are beginning to know him for his invention. Even ____10____(good) for him, the Home Office has now officially recognized his other achievements.
    【语篇解读】
    这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了自动取款机的发明者以及自动取款机的发展历史,以及此项发明的意义。
    【详情解析】
    1.【argued】考查过去分词。句意:人们争论了很多年。结合空前的have和时间状语for years可知,句子是现在完成时,且主语people和动词argue之间是主动关系,故此处用过去分词。故填argued。
    2.【clearly】考查副词。句意:现在英国政府明确表示,是James Goodfellow发明了自动取款机。修饰动词saying应用副词clearly作状语。故填clearly。
    3.【who/that】考查强调句型。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是强调句型,被强调部分是主语James Goodfellow,指人,空处可填who或that。故填who/that。
    4.【as】考查介词。句意:早在20世纪60年代中期,James Goodfellow是Glasgow公司Kelvin Hughes的开发工程师,他负责发明一种方法,让客户在周六营业结束时从银行提取现金。 空后的“a development engineer”表示职务,故此处考查动词短语work as“ 担任……职务”,as是介词。故填as。
    5.【working】考查现在分词。句意:大多数工作日上班的人都不能去银行。分析句子结构,此处作后置定语,与前面名词people构成主动关系,用现在分词形式。故填working。
    6.【was】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:他说,解决方案是一台机器,它可以向被认可的客户按需发放现金。结合上下文可知,文章是讲述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,主语The solution表示单数意义, be动词用was。故填was。
    7.【recognized】考查过去分词。句意同上。分析句子结构,此处修饰后面名词customer,非谓语动词recognize与customer是被动关系,表示“被认可的”,用过去分词recognized作定语。故填recognized。
    8.【developing】考查动名词。句意:为了实现这一目标,我开始开发一台现金发行机,我发明了pin(个人识别号码)和相关的编码令牌。set about doing sth.开始做某事,develop用动名词形式。故填developing。
    9.【to make】考查动词不定式。句意同上。结合句意可知,此处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。
    10.【better】考查形容词比较级。句意:对他来说更好的是,内政部现在正式承认了他的其他成就。此处even修饰比较级,加强语气,故填better。
    2、(2023届重庆巴蜀中学高三上学期适应性月考)
    Liangzhu Museum displays various burial objects found in the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The ruins have gained worldwide recognition __11__evidence for the existence of at least 5,000 years of Chinese civilization.
    When Zhang Han set foot inside Liangzhu Museum, the 10-year-old embarked on a tour that took him back more than 5,000 years. Wearing the smart glasses, Zhang __12__(present) with virtual images of relics. Augmented reality glasses feature among a string of measures taken by the museum to give visitors a more vivid experience of Liangzhu civilization, while __13__ (help) them gain a better appreciation of Chinese culture.
    Tourists can also visit the official website of Liangzhu Museum to enjoy a virtual tour. With __14__click of the mouse, they can gain access to exhibition halls that they may never be able to visit __15__(physical).
    __16__ (advance) technologies are increasingly playing a major role in Chinese museums. In the northwestern Chinese city of Dunhuang, __17__ is known for the UNESCO World Heritage Site Mogao Grottoes, the “digital Dunhuang project” has made extensive use of digitalization. By the end of 2021, it__18__(complete) the digital collection of 268 grottoes, the image processing of 164 grottoes, and so on.
    The protection and __19__ (revive) of Dunhuang’s ancient culture is not an isolated case in China. The Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi province also have 3D “digital archives”, which allow precious cultural relics and historical archives __20__(preserve) permanently.
    【语篇解读】
    这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了良渚博物馆和现代技术相结合,让游客可以在虚拟的世界中了解中国文化。
    【详情解析】
    11.【as】考查介词。句意:这片废墟已被世界公认为至少5000年中国文明存在的证据。根据“evidence for the existence of at least 5,000 years of Chinese civilization”可知,这片废墟作为中国文明存在5000年的证据被世界认可,所以空处需要介词as“作为”。故填as。
    12.【was presented】考查时态语态。句意:戴着智能眼镜,张看到了文物的虚拟图像。分析句子结构可知,空处为句子的谓语动词。根据语境可知,句子为一般过去时态,主语和谓语之间为被动关系。综上所述,空处为一般过去时态的被动语态,主语为单数。故填was presented。
    13.【helping】考查非谓语动词。句意:博物馆采取了一系列措施,让游客更生动地体验良渚文明,同时帮助他们更好地了解中国文化,其中包括增强现实眼镜。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词做状语,该动词和主句的主语之间存在主动关系,所以用现在分词。故填helping。
    14.【a】考查冠词。句意:只需点击鼠标,他们就可以进入他们可能永远无法实际参观的展厅。a click of“点击……”。故填a。
    15.【physically】考查副词。句意:只需点击鼠标,他们就可以进入他们可能永远无法实际参观的展厅。分析句子结构可知,空处需要副词修饰动词。故填physically。
    16.【Advanced】考查形容词。句意:先进技术在中国博物馆中扮演着越来越重要的角色。空处修饰后面的名词,需要形容词作定语。advance的形容词advanced“先进的”,首字母大写。故填Advanced。
    17.【which】考查定语从句。句意:在以联合国教科文组织世界遗产莫高窟而闻名的中国西北部城市敦煌,“数字敦煌项目”广泛利用了数字化。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词Dunhuang,先行词在非限定性定语从句中作主语,先行词为物,所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
    18.【had completed】考查时态。句意:截至2021年底,已完成268座石窟的数字化采集、164座石窟图像处理等工作。分析句子结构可知,空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语“By the end of 2021”可知,句子为过去完成时态。故填had completed。
    19.【revival】考查名词。句意:敦煌古代文化的保护和复兴在中国并不是一个孤立的案例。根据and前的protection可知,空处需要名词。revive的名词为revival“复兴”。故填revival。
    20.【to be preserved】考查非谓语动词。句意:山西省云冈石窟也有3D“数字档案”,可以永久保存珍贵的文物和历史档案。allow sb./sth. to do“允许某人做某事”。根据句意可知,允许文物和历史档案被保存,所以需要动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be preserved。
    3、(2023届浙江省十校联盟高三10月联考)
    In recent months, the China Grand Canal Museum in Yangzhou, which exhibits the history and culture of the Grand Canal, ___21___ (attract) a great number of visitors. Each day, the museum provides 15, 000 tickets ___22___ visitors to book in advance. They usually sell out on weekends, making the museum ___23___ popular landmark in East China.
    It takes only 20 minutes ___24___ (get) to the museum by taxi from the Yangzhoudong Railway Station. “My passion ___25___ (arouse) by those passengers, so I took my children to the museum too. I never knew why it had such great charm ___26___ I got there.”
    The museum, ___27___ appearance resembles a giant ship, covers 80,000 square meters and houses 14 exhibition halls. While telling its story, the museum puts an ___28___ (emphasize) on improving visitors’ experience. Young people can take part in a live-action role-play game designed by the museum, transporting them back to the Ming Dynasty, and ___29___ (immerse) them in an amazing world. “It is _____30_____ (true) a very meaningful experience,” said a visitor surnamed Chen.
    【语篇解读】
    本文是说明文。文章介绍了扬州的中国大运河博物馆。

    【详情解析】
    21.【has attracted】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:近几个月来,位于扬州的中国大运河博物馆,展示了大运河的历史和文化,吸引了大量的游客。分析句子可知,attract作谓语,主语是“the China Grand Canal Museum”,是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,由时间状语in recent months可知,用现在完成时,故填has attracted。
    22.【for】考查介词。句意:该博物馆每天为游客提供15,000张门票,供游客提前预订。provide sth. for sb.“提供某物给某人”是固定短语,根据句意,故填for。
    23.【a】考查冠词。句意:他们通常在周末卖光,使博物馆成为中国东部的热门地标。landmark“地标,里程碑”是可数名词,此处泛指“一个受欢迎的地标”,故填a。
    24.【to get】考查不定式。句意:从扬州东火车站乘出租车到博物馆只需20分钟。此处考查It takes some time to do sth.“做某事需要多长时间”,是固定句型,it是形式主语,不定式短语作真正的主语,故填to get。
    25.【was aroused】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:那些乘客激起了我的热情,所以我也带着我的孩子们去了博物馆。分析句子可知,arouse是谓语动词,与主语my passion是被动关系,根据下文的took可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,主语my passion是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,故填was aroused。
    26.【until】考查连词。句意:直到我到达那里,我才不知道为什么它有如此大的魅力。分析句子可知,两个句子之间需要连词连接,根据句意,not…until…“直到……才……”符合句意,用until引导时间状语从句,故填until。
    27.【whose】考查定语从句。句意:这个博物馆,它的外观像一艘巨轮,占地8万平方米,有14个展厅。分析句子可知,“  27   appearance resembles a giant ship”是定语从句,与The museum构成所属关系,从句中作定语,引导非限制性定语从句用关系代词whose,故填whose。
    28.【whose】考查名词。句意:在讲述故事的同时,博物馆强调改善游客的体验。不定冠词修饰单数可数名词,作动词put的宾语,故填whose。
    29.【immersing】考查非谓语动词。句意:年轻人可以参加由博物馆设计的真人角色扮演游戏,将他们送回明朝,并沉浸在一个神奇的世界中。分析句子可知,and连接“transporting them back to the Ming Dynasty”和“(immerse) them in an amazing world”作状语,根据句意,此处表示意料之中的结果,用现在分词作结果状语,故填immersing。
    30.【truly】考查副词。句意:这确实是一次非常有意义的经历。修饰动词is用副词作状语,故填truly。
    4、(2023届山东师范大学附中高三10月学情诊断考试)
    Agricultural experts say crop diversity is important to feed the ___31___ (increase) population of our planet. They say having a large variety of plants also ___32___ (help) to protect against possible crop diseases and future crises. But many experts say the number has decreased sharply during the past century.
    One of the world’s ___33___ (large) seed conservation projects has predicted further losses. The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership is warning that up to one hundred thousand plant species could ___34___ (permanent) disappear. The rich collection of genes ___35___ decide their qualities would disappear with them.
    Many experts blame climate change and loss of habitat, normal growth area, for damaging plant life. They say human ___36___ (activity) and poorly planned, overly heavy use of land are also responsible. Some experts say the use of modern commercial farming methods saved millions of people from ___37___ (starve). Farmers planted, watered, and fertilized their crops ___38___ the help of machines. They treated their fields with chemicals ___39___ (control) diseases and insects. Harvests grew larger and higher quality, ___40___ another result was that some traditional crops were lost.
    【语篇解读】
    这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了农作物多样性对于养活地球上不断增长的人口非常重要。
    【详情解析】
    31.【increasing】考查形容词。句意:农业专家表示,作物多样性对于养活地球上不断增长的人口非常重要。分析句意再根据空格后的名词population可知,此处应该用提示词的形容词形式来修饰名词。故填increasing。
    32.【helps】考查主谓一致。句意:他们说,拥有大量种类的植物还有助于防止可能的作物疾病和未来的危机。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词,陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语 having a large variety of plants看作第三人称单数,故填helps。
    33.【largest】考查最高级。句意:世界上最大的种子保护项目之一预计损失将进一步扩大。分析句意再根据one of可知,此处用形容词的最高级表示“最大的种子保护项目之一”符合语境。故填largest。
    34.【permanently】考查副词。句意:The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership警告称,多达10万种植物物种可能会永久消失。分析句式结构可知,disappear是动词,修饰动词要用副词,所以空格处应该填提示词的副词形式。故填permanently。
    35.【that/which】考查定语从句。句意:决定它们品质的丰富的基因集合将随着它们一起消失。分析句式结构可知,此处是定语从句,先行词词gene是物,且从句中缺少主语,所以用关系代词that或which来引导,故填that/which。
    36.【activities】考查名词。句意:他们说,人类活动和规划不周、过度使用土地也是罪魁祸首。分析句式结构可知,此处用名词作主语,且activity是可数名词,此处用复数形式表泛指,故填activities。
    37.【starvation】考查名词。句意:一些专家说,现代商业农业方法的使用使数百万人免于饥饿。分析句式结构可知,此处用名词作介词from的宾语,所以此处用提示词的名词形式。故填starvation。
    38.【with】考查介词。句意:农民在机器的帮助下种植、灌溉和施肥。分析句意再根据空格后的the help of可知,此处用介词构成固定短语with the help of表示“在……的帮助下”符合语境。故填with。
    39.【to control】考查动词不定式。句意:他们用化学药品处理田地以防治病虫害。分析句式结构可知,此处用动词不定式作目的状语符合语境。故填to control。
    40.【but/while/yet】考查连词。句意:收成越来越大,质量越来越高,但另一个结果是一些传统作物失去了。分析句意可知,此处上下文之间是转折关系,且有逗号隔开,故填but/while/yet。
    5、(2023届湖北省部分重点中学高三10月联考)
    Digital screen time before bed can have a negative impact on the quality of your sleep. ___41___ European study found being exposed to blue light for as little as 8 minutes keeps you mentally stimulated for over one hour, ___42___ tends to throw off the body’s biological clock.
    Much ___43___ (expose) to blue light suppresses (抑制) the production of melatonin, a hormone that induces sleepiness. Melatonin release in the evening helps you relax before bedtime. Suppression of melatonin can cause you ___44___ (stay) up later and sleep less than you normally would.
    Seeing something right before bed that either makes you upset ___45___ happy can trigger a response that extends falling sleep, which ___46___ (consequent) delays REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. These emotions can leave you ___47___ (stare) at the ceiling for hours feeling wide awake.
    Studies have also found that exciting or violent video games will increase heart rate, make it even ___48___ (hard) to fall asleep, and impair sleep quality.
    A writer, named Daphne K. Lee, in 2020 ___49___ (write) about “revenge bedtime procrastination” on Twitter—a phenomenon where people who don’t have much control ____50____ their daytime life refuse to sleep early to regain some sense of freedom during late-night hours.
    【语篇解读】
    这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项研究,研究发现睡前看电子屏幕会对人的睡眠质量产生负面影响。
    【详情解析】
    41.【A】考查冠词。句意:欧洲的一项研究发现,暴露在蓝光下哪怕只有8分钟,也能让你的精神兴奋超过一个小时,这往往会打乱身体的生物钟。后文可数名词单数study是泛指概念,应用不定冠词限定。所连接的单词European发音以辅音音素开头(虽然是元音字母开头),要用a。句首字母大写,故填A。
    42.【which】考查定语从句。句意:欧洲的一项研究发现,暴露在蓝光下哪怕只有8分钟,也能让你的精神兴奋超过一个小时,这往往会打乱身体的生物钟。分析可知,逗号后为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面整句,关系代词which引导从句,在从句中用作主语。故填which。
    43.【exposure】考查名词。句意:大量暴露在蓝光下会抑制褪黑激素的产生,褪黑激素是一种诱导睡意的激素。根据前文Much可知,此处应用其名词形式exposure(不可数)作主语。故填exposure。
    44.【to stay】考查非谓语动词。句意:抑制褪黑素会导致你熬夜,睡眠时间比平时少。根据前文cause you可知,此处应用其动词不定式作宾语补语,cause sb to do sth是固定句型。故填to stay。
    45.【or】考查连词。句意:睡前看到一些让你心烦或高兴的东西会引发一种反应,延长入睡时间,从而延迟REM(快速眼动)睡眠。后文happy和前文upset之间是选择关系,故填or。
    46.【consequently】考查副词。句意:睡前看到一些让你心烦或高兴的东西会引发一种反应,延长入睡时间,从而延迟REM(快速眼动)睡眠。副词修饰动词。故填consequently。
    47.【staring】考查非谓语动词。句意:这些情绪会让你盯着天花板几个小时,感觉非常清醒。分析可知,此处为非谓语,动词stare和前文you之间是主动关系,故用其现在分词作宾语补足语,leave sb/sth doing sth是固定句型。故填staring。
    48.【harder】考查形容词比较级。句意:研究还发现,刺激或暴力的电子游戏会增加心率,使人更难入睡,并损害睡眠质量。根据前文“exciting or violent video games will increase heart rate”等句意可知,此处应用形容词的比较级。故填harder。
    49.【wrote】考查时态。句意:2020年,一位名叫Daphne K. Lee的作家在推特上写了一篇关于“报复性睡前拖延症”的文章,这是一种现象,指那些对白天生活没有太多控制权的人拒绝早睡,以在深夜重获一些自由感。根据时间状语in 2020可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填wrote。
    50.【over/of】考查介词。句意:2020年,一位名叫Daphne K. Lee的作家在推特上写了一篇关于“报复性睡前拖延症”的文章,这是一种现象,指那些对白天生活没有太多控制权的人拒绝早睡,以在深夜重获一些自由感。短语have control of/over“对……有控制权”是固定搭配。故填over/of。
    6、(2023届湖北省九师联盟高三10月质量检测)
    Angela Mia De la Vega breathes a realistic beauty into each of her lifelike sculptures. For De la Vega, sculpting is an opportunity to catch _____51_____ is happening around her, a way to share her most important thoughts_____52_____the public before they disappear. Most of her work is about youthful figures engaged in _____53_____ (energy) and playful activities. She expertly employs light and shadow to inspire an emotional connection between her work _____54_____her audience, so that one may see a reflection of life within each _____55_____ (finish) work.
    Whenever possible, De la Vega works with life models to accurately capture (捕捉) the little details that make her final _____56_____ (product) so unbelievably natural. For this reason, she chooses her _____57_____  (models) faces carefully. She seeks faces which are able to show their complex feelings. As a very serious artist, De la Vega_____58_____ (close) follows the entire process from the beginning to the end. As each sculpture _____59_____ (come) into shape, she begins to slow down and focus on _____60_____ (perfect) the details that allow her final pieces to have a spirit and a natural sense of movement.
    【语篇解读】
    本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Angela Mia De la Vega的雕刻作品的艺术特色。
    【详情解析】
    51.【what】考查名词性从句。句意:对De la Vega来说,雕塑是一个捕捉她周围发生的事情的机会,是一种在她最重要的思想消失之前与公众分享的方式。分析句子结构可知,该空引导宾语从句。同时从句中缺少主语,意为“什么”。故填what。
    52.【with】考查介词。句意:同上。句中share… with为固定短语,意为“同……分享”。故填with。
    53.【energetic】考查形容词。句意:她的大部分作品都是关于从事活力和有趣活动的年轻人物。分析该句成分可知,所填词在此处与playful一起作activities的定语,故用所给名词的形容词形式energetic。故填energetic。
    54.【and】考查连词。句意:她熟练地使用光影来激发她的作品和观众之间的情感联系,因此人们可以在每一个完成的作品中看到生活的反映。句中between…and…为固定短语, 意为“在……之间”。故填and。
    55.【finished】考查非谓语动词。句意:同上。分析该句成分可知,所填词在此处作定语,修饰work。而且finish与work之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词finished。故填finished。
    56.【products】考查名词复数。句意:只要有可能,De la Vega就会与生活模型一起工作,精确捕捉小细节,使她的最终产品如此令人难以置信的自然。分析句子,设空处使用名词作宾语。product为可数名词,此处表示复数意义,故此处用所给名词的复数形式。故填products。
    57.【models’】考查名词的所有格。句意:因此,她仔细挑选模特的面孔。所给名词models与空后的faces存在所属关系,故用所给名词的所有格。故填models’。
    58.【closely】考查副词。句意:作为一个非常认真的艺术家,De la Vega从始至终密切关注着整个过程。分析该句成分可知,所填词在此处修饰动词follows作状语,故用所给形容词的副词形式closely。故填closely。
    59.【comes】考查主谓一致。句意:当每个雕塑成型时,她开始放慢速度,专注于完善细节,让她的最终作品有一种精神和自然的动感。分析该句成分可知,所填词的主语是第三人称单数;而且,该句叙述的是一般性事实,故用所给动词的第三人称单数形式comes。故填comes。
    60.【perfecting】考查非谓语动词。句意:同上。分析该句成分可知,on为介词,故用动名词perfecting作宾语。故填perfecting。
    7、(2023届辽宁省大连市滨城联盟高三上学期期中联考)
    Chinese scientists have ____61____ (success) collected seeds of several plants at an altitude of about 6,200 meters on Mount Qomolangma, ____62____ (set) a new record for plant seed collection at the ____63____ (high) altitude in China.
    The mission ____64____ (lead) by the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species (GBOWS), ____65____ national database for the collection and preservation of wild species.
    “The mission is a new ____66____ (explore) and an attempt to collect high-altitude germplasm resources, ____67____ is useful for protecting biodiversity and checking climate change impact ____68____ the globe.” said a researcher.
    The collection team went to Mount Qomolangma twice this year to conduct plant diversity ____69____ (survey). The seeds _____70_____ (collect) were preserved for long-term storage after drying, cleaning and counting in GBOWS.
    【语篇解读】
    这是一篇说明文。主要说明了中国科学家在海拔约6200米的珠穆朗玛峰成功采集了多株植物种子,创造了在中国最高海拔采集植物种子的新纪录。这项任务是由野生物种种质库(GBOWS)领导的,这是一个收集和保存野生物种的国家数据库。
    【详情解析】
    61.【successfully】考查副词。句意:中国科学家在海拔约6200米的珠穆朗玛峰成功采集了多株植物种子,创造了在中国最高海拔采集植物种子的新纪录。修饰动词应用副词successfully,作状语。故填successfully。
    62.【setting】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国科学家在海拔约6200米的珠穆朗玛峰成功采集了多株植物种子,创造了在中国最高海拔采集植物种子的新纪录。分析句子结构可知set与逻辑主语Chinese scientists构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填setting。
    63.【highest】考查最高级。句意:中国科学家在海拔约6200米的珠穆朗玛峰成功采集了多株植物种子,创造了在中国最高海拔采集植物种子的新纪录。根据上文定冠词以及句意“最高”可知应填最高级highest。故填highest。
    64.【was led】考查时态语态。句意:这项任务是由野生物种种质库(GBOWS)领导的,这是一个收集和保存野生物种的国家数据库。主语与谓语构成被动关系,描述过去发生的动作用一般过去时的被动语态,谓语用单数。故填was led。
    65.【a】考查冠词。句意:这项任务是由野生物种种质库(GBOWS)领导的,这是一个收集和保存野生物种的国家数据库。database为可数名词,此处为泛指且national是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
    66.【exploration】考查名词。句意:这次任务是一次新的探索和收集高海拔种质资源的尝试,这对保护生物多样性和遏制气候变化对全球的影响是有用的根据上文不定冠词可知应填单数名词exploration,作表语。故填exploration。
    67.【which】考查定语从句。句意:这次任务是一次新的探索和收集高海拔种质资源的尝试,这对保护生物多样性和遏制气候变化对全球的影响是有用的。非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子,从句缺少主语,故填which。
    68.【on】考查介词。句意:这次任务是一次新的探索和收集高海拔种质资源的尝试,这对保护生物多样性和遏制气候变化对全球的影响是有用的。短语impact on表示“影响”。故填on。
    69.【surveys】考查名词的数。句意:采集组今年两次前往珠穆朗玛峰进行植物多样性调查。survey为可数名词,前文没有冠词故用复数形式。故填surveys。
    70.【collected】考查非谓语动词。句意:采集的种子经GBOWS干燥、清洗、计数后长期保存。分析句子结构可知collect与逻辑主语seeds构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填collected。
    8、(2023届江苏省南京市六校联合体高三10月联合调研)
    Legend has ___71___ that tofu was discovered by a health-conscious Chinese prince named Liu An more than 2,000 years ago when he was making an elixir (丹药). He realized that soy milk left in certain conditions coagulated (凝固) and developed a pudding-like substance and that was the beginning of tofu.
    It’s ___72___ (universal) believed that Buddhist monks visiting China brought tofu back to neighbouring countries like Japan.
    ___73___ East Asia has been eating tofu for more than 1,000 years, it took a lot longer for it to catch on globally. Benjamin Franklin, one of the United State’s founding fathers, wrote a letter ___74___ some soy beans attached while he was in London, praising it as a “Chinese cheese” in 1770. The letter was one of the earliest documents on record ___75___ mentioned tofu in the West. Li Shizeng, ___76___ enthusiast for tofu, is often credited with making tofu a more widely accepted food outside of Asia. It’s said that he was first sent by the Chinese government to attend a French military school. He ended up ___77___ (study) at the agricultural school in Montargis and were  ___78___ (passion) about promoting tofu in France.
    Nowadays, tofu ___79___ (serve) in a modern way. In many fine dining restaurants, the tasting menu is designed around its textures. The dishes and ingredients change according to the seasons. For example, in one of the restaurants, the current menu starts with the texture “Silken”, ___80___ (represent) by tofu.
    【语篇解读】
    本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是豆腐的起源和发展。
    【详情解析】
    71.【it】考查代词。句意:相传,2000多年前,一位讲究养生的中国王子Liu An在制作长生不老药时发现了豆腐。“that tofu was discovered by a health-conscious Chinese prince named Liu An more than 2,000 years ago when he was making an elixir”是宾语从句,空格处用it作形式宾语,故填it。
    72.【universally】考查副词。句意:人们普遍认为,是访问中国的佛教僧侣把豆腐带回了日本等邻国。空格处用副词universally修饰动词believed,universally意为“普遍地”,故填universally。
    73.【While/Although/Though】考查连词。句意:虽然东亚人吃豆腐已有1000多年的历史,但它在全球流行起来却花了更长的时间。根据语境可知,句子表示“虽然东亚人吃豆腐已有1000多年的历史,但它在全球流行起来却花了更长的时间”,空格处意为“虽然”,是while/although/though,位于句首,首字母大写,故填While/Although/Though。
    74.【with】考查介词。句意:1770年,美国开国元勋之一本杰明·富兰克林在伦敦时写了一封信,附上了一些黄豆,称赞它是一种“中国奶酪”。“some soy beans attached”是表伴随的,空格处用with表伴随,此处是with复合结构,故填with。
    75.【that】考查定语从句。句意:这封信是有记载的最早提及西方豆腐的文献之一。分析可知,空格处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词documents是物,且被最高级earliest修饰,因此空格处用关系代词that,不能用which,故填that。
    76.【an】考查冠词。句意:豆腐爱好者李时增常常被认为是使豆腐成为亚洲以外更广泛接受的食物的功劳。enthusiast是可数名词,表泛指,前面需加不定冠词,enthusiast是元音音素开头,因此不定冠词用an,故填an。
    77.【studying】考查动名词。句意:他最终在蒙塔吉斯的农业学校学习,并热衷于在法国推广豆腐。end up doing是固定短语,意为“最后做……”,因此空格处用动名词studying作宾语,故填studying。
    78.【passionate】考查形容词。句意:他最终在蒙塔吉斯的农业学校学习,并热衷于在法国推广豆腐。空格处用形容词作表语,passion的形容词是passionate,意为“热诚的”,故填passionate。
    79.【is served】考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:如今,豆腐以一种现代的方式被端上桌。豆腐是被端上桌,句子用被动语态,由Nowadays可知,句子时态用一般现在时,因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态,主语tofu是不可数名词,因此空格处是is served。故填is served。
    80.【represented】考查非谓语动词。句意:例如,在其中一家餐厅,目前的菜单以豆腐为代表的“丝”质地开始。句中谓语是starts,空格处用非谓语动词,由by可知,空格处用过去分词表被动,故填represented。
    9、(2023届江苏省三名校(姜堰中学、沭阳中学、如东中学)高三10月联考)
    The history of the Great Wall is said to start from the Spring and Autumn Periods. Many countries appeared at the same time. In order to protect____81____(they), they all built walls on the borders.
    In 221BC, Emperor QinShihuang set up the first unified kingdom in Chinese history. He ordered the previous wall sections of different states be linked together and extended. The Great Wall of Qin seemed like a dragon, ____82____runs from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east. Thus it ____83____(name) “Wanli Changcheng”
    In the Western Han Dynasty, the Huns(匈奴人) in the north became much ____84____(powerful).The Han court started to build more walls in order to guard the frontier. The ____85____(follow) dynasties all built their own walls ____86____ on a smaller scale than the walls in the Han Dynasty. The strong Tang Dynasty saw peace between the northern tribes and central China for a long time, so few Great Wall sections were built in this period.
    The Ming Dynasty is the peak of wall building in Chinese history. The Ming suffered a lot by troubles from ____87____ (minor) tribes. The Ming court, from its first emperor to the last, endlessly built walls in the north. ____88____ made the country much safer in this period were those countless walls and watchtowers.
    Owing to its long history, natural disasters and human activities, many parts of the Great Wall are badly damaged and disappearing. Being a world-famous engineering project and seeing the rise and fall ____89____the Chinese history, the Great Wall needs to take immediate action_____90_____(protect) it.
    【语篇解读】
    这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了长城的形成过程。
    【详情解析】
    81.【themselves】考查代词。句意:为了保护自己,他们都在边境上筑起了墙。句子的主语是they,此处需用其对应的反身代词themselves作宾语。故填themselves。
    82.【which】考查定语从句。句意:秦长城看起来像一条龙,西起临洮,东至辽东。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是dragon,指物,在定语从句中作主语,需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
    83.【was named】考查动词时态语态。句意:因此被命名为“万里长城”。此处陈述过去发生的事情,使用一般过去时,主语it和name为被动关系,需用被动语态,主语为it,be动词用was。故填was named。
    84.【more powerful】考查形容词比较级。句意:到了西汉,北方的匈奴变得更加强大。became后面需加形容词作表语,much修饰形容词比较级。故填more powerful。
    85.【following】考查形容词。句意:之后的朝代都建造了自己的城墙,但规模小于汉朝的城墙。空处需填形容词作定语,修饰名词dynasties,following表示“接下来的”。故填following。
    86.【but】考查连词。句意同上。上下文是转折关系,需用连词“but”连接。故填but。
    87.【minority】考查名词。句意:明朝遭受了来自少数民族的苦难。空处需填名词作定语,修饰名词tribes。故填minority。
    88.【What】考查名词性从句。句意:使这个国家在这一时期更加安全的是那些无数的城墙和瞭望塔。空处引导主语从句,从句缺乏主语,需用连接代词what引导,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填What。
    89.【of】考查介词。句意:作为世界著名的工程项目,见证了中国历史的兴衰,长城需要立即采取行动来保护它。表示所属关系,需用介词of。故填of。
    90.【to protect】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。take action to do sth.为固定用法,表示“采取措施做某事”,空处需填动词不定式。故填to protect。
    10、(2023届山东省潍坊市(安丘、诸城、高密)三县市高三10月联考)
    With his wrinkled fingers, Wang Qiming put traditional makeup on the faces of young performers before dawn, making final preparations for the shehuo parade.
    The shehuo parade, a time-honored performance enjoying widespread ____91____ (popular) in rural areas across China, ____92____ (date) back to about 2, 000 years when sacrificial activities were performed to pray for a good harvest. Later on, as dancing and singing became part of the parade, it developed into a folk custom ____93____ (stage) during the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival ____94____ (remove) bad luck and bring a fresh start in the new year.
    Wangmazui is in Longxian county, previously known ____95____ Long Zhou, which is famous for shehuo parades ____96____ (feature) authentic and inclusive performances and simple yet delicate facial makeup. The county ____97____(name) the hometown of shehuo performances by the Chinese Folk Literature and Art Association in 2013.
    More than 100 shehuo festivities are held in Longxian every year, each of ____98____ involves dozens or hundreds of villagers. Participants usually perform on horses ____99____ pickup trucks, showing different performances including stilt (高跷) dances and land boats.
    Wang, 65, has clear ____100____ (memory) of the annual performances when he was a child. “My family has been engaged in shehuo performances for generations,” he said. “I started to watch the show in my childhood, and now I join them by making face-painting.
    【语篇解读】
    这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了民间习俗——社火游行的历史发展。
    【详情解析】
    91.【popularity】考查名词。句意:社火游行是一种历史悠久的表演形式,在中国农村地区广泛流行,可以追溯到大约2000年前,当时人们进行祭祀活动祈求丰收。形容词修饰名词,结合空前widespread,可知此处用名词popularity,故填popularity。
    92.【dates】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:社火游行是一种历史悠久的表演形式,在中国农村地区广泛流行,可以追溯到大约2000年前,当时人们进行祭祀活动祈求丰收。空处在句中为谓语,表示客观事实,所以时态用一般现在时;主语“the shehuo parade”,为单数名词,所以空处用单数。故填dates。
    93.【staged】考查非谓语。句意:后来,随着唱歌和舞蹈成为游行的一部分,社火成为了一种在春节和元宵节去除坏运气和给新的一年带来新的开始的民间习俗被搬上了舞台。分析可知,“    (stage) during the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival” 在句中为后置定语,修饰名词custom,custom与动词stage为被动关系,所以此处用过去分词,意为“被在春节和元宵节搬上舞台的习俗”,故填staged。
    94.【to remove】考查非谓语。句意:同上。空处及之后的内容在句中为目的,表示这种民间习俗的目的是去除坏运气和带来新的开始,所以用不定式。故填to remove。
    95.【as】考查短语。句意:王马咀村位于陇县,以前被称为“陇州”,这里以真实而包容的表演和简单而精致的面部化妆而闻名。短语:be known as“作为……而闻名”,所以空处填as,故填as。
    96.【featuring】考查非谓语。句意:同上。分析句子可知,which及之后的内容为非限制性定语从句,空处及之后的内容在定语从句中作定语,修饰名词parade,空处与名parade为主谓关系,所以用现在分词。故填featuring。
    97.【was named】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:该县被命名是2013年中国民间文学艺术协会社火演出的故乡。空处在句中为谓语,结合句中时间状语in 2013可知,时态为一般过去时;句子主语“the county”为第三人称单数,与动词name为动宾关系,所以此处填was named,故填was named。
    98.【which】考查定语从句。句意:每年,陇县都会举办100多场社火活动,每场活动都有数十或数百名村民参加。分析可知,逗号后为非限制性定语从句,结构为“代词+介词+关系代词+从句”,先行词为“shehuo festivals”,指物,所以关系代词用which,故填which。
    99.【or】考查连词。句意:参加者通常在马匹或皮卡上表演,表演不同的节目,包括高跷舞和登陆艇。空处前后的两个名词表示选择关系,指表演的场所,所以用连词or,故填or。
    100.【memories】考查名词复数。句意:现年65岁的王大爷对自己小时候每年的表演记忆犹新。空处在句中作宾语,要用名词。结合句中“when he was a child”,可知孩提时代的记忆为复数含义,所以此处用复数。故填memories。









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