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    高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题24语法填空之无提示词(含解析)

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    这是一份高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题24语法填空之无提示词(含解析),共32页。
    专题24 语法填空之无提示词




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    有提示词
    谓语动词
    2
    2
    1
    1
    1
    1
    0
    2
    非谓语动词
    2
    2
    4
    3
    0
    2
    2
    2
    名词
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    2
    1
    形容词
    0
    1
    1
    2
    3
    2
    2
    2
    副词
    1
    1
    0
    0
    1
    0
    0
    0
    数词
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    1
    0
    0
    代词
    0
    0
    1
    0
    1
    0
    1
    0
    无提示词
    介词
    1
    0
    1
    1
    0
    1
    1
    1
    冠词
    1
    1
    0
    1
    1

    1
    1
    连词
    1
    1
    1

    1
    1
    1
    1
    其他词
    1(定语从句关系代词)
    1(特殊疑问词)
    0
    1(定语从句关系代词)
    1(主语从句关系代词)
    1(定语从句关系代词)
    0
    0

    『命题专家谈高考』
    【考纲解读】
    语法填空旨在通过语篇测试考生的英语语言知识与技能,将语法考查提高到语篇层次,在完整、真实、综合的语境中多角度考查考生运用语法知识理解篇章的能力。
    语法填空考查形式分为有提示词(7个)和无提示词(3个)两种形式。有提示词多考查实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)的词性转换和基本用法,如动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致;名词的数;形容词和副词的比较等级等。无提示词多考查虚词的用法,主要考查介词、冠词和连词等。
    【备考建议】
    1.该题型以后会更加突出语篇,强调运用。因此,考生要及时转变观念,关注语法在语篇中的交际使用情况,将学习英语的关注点转移到语言的实际运用上来。
    2.同时,还要加强语篇逻辑分析能力和精细阅读能力的培养,继续重视语言运用的准确性。
    3.语法和词汇知识是综合运用语言能力的基础,要与真实的交际场景和语篇运用紧密结合。



    微技能一 如何确定填冠词
    思维定向
    典题试做
    解题原则
    1.不定冠
    词a/an
    1.A child born in the US today has _________ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
    2.Chinese scientists have created the world’s first light-based quantum (量子) computer, called Jiuzhang.It’s ________ breakthrough in the field after Google completed its quantum computer last year.
    分析句子结构, 发现空格后有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑不定冠词a/an。
    用不定冠词a/an的常考点:
    (1)泛指一类人与物,表示“一”的概念;
    (2)在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。
    2.定冠词the 
    3.Due to ____________ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
    4.The plum trees are ____________ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
    5.In old age.Mrs.Johnson became ________ most celebrated of the small excellent group of black women who at midcentury served as mathematicians for the space agency.
    分析句子结构, 发现空格后有名词,搭配后表示特指时,应考虑定冠词the
    用定冠词the的常考点:
    (1)特指某人或某事;
    (2)用在序数词或最高级前或有only, very, same 等修饰的名词前;
    (3)用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前;
    (4)用在西洋乐器名词前,如piano, violin等;
    (5)用在“逢十”的年代前,表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
    3.固定搭配中的冠词
    6.It took us about 3 hours to go all ____________ way around the Xi’an City Wall.
    7.In the film, Michael Wood, one of BBC’s most popular hosts, visited ________ number of Chinese cities to retrace Du’s steps.
    8.Before answering the question, let’s take ________ look at students studying in China.
    9.In a sometimes callous (冷漠的) world where people can be so focused on what they’re doing, a random act of kindness can make ________ difference.
    固定搭配或抽象名词具体化的名词前用冠词
    (1)定冠词用在固定搭配中,如:
    at the same time, on the contrary, to tell the truth, in the distance,make the most/best of, on the spot等。
    (2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中,如:
    catch a cold, have a fever,
    all of a sudden, as a matter of fact,
    as a result, have a gift for,
    make a living, give sb a lift,
    have a good knowledge of等。
    (3)动词(catch/take/hit等)+sb+介词+the+身体部位。
    答案
    1.a [考查冠词。根据下文的chance 可知,这里语意表示“非常实际的一个可能性”,故填不定冠词,表示泛指。]
    2.a [考查冠词。句意:这是谷歌去年完成量子计算机之后在这一领域的一个突破。分析句子可知,句中“breakthrough”意为“突破,重大进展”,为可数名词,句中泛指一个突破,故应用不定冠词修饰,breakthrough单词音标的第一个音素为辅音音素,故应用不定冠词a。]
    3.the [考查冠词。名词popularity后有定语,故其前应用定冠词the表特指,the growing popularity of...“……的日益流行”。]
    4.the [考查冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指,所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。]
    5.the [考查冠词。句意:在晚年。约翰逊夫人是本世纪中叶为数不多的优秀黑人女性中最著名的一位,她们在太空总署担任数学家。设空处后为最高级,故设空处应用定冠词the。]
    6.the [考查冠词。all the way为固定短语,意为“一直,一路上”。]
    7.a [考查冠词。句意:在这部影片中,英国广播公司最受欢迎的主持人之一Michael Wood访问了中国多个城市,追溯杜甫的脚步。由句意可知,此处表“许多”,a number of...(许多……),用不定冠词a。]
    8.a [考查固定搭配。句意:在回答这个问题之前,让我们先来看看在中国学习的学生。take a look at意为“看一看……”,为固定搭配。]
    9.a [考查冠词。句意:在一个人们可能非常专注于他们做的有时很无情的世界里,一个随意的善举可能会有很大的影响。make a difference“有作用;有影响”,是固定短语。]
    微技能二 如何确定填介词
    思维定向
    典题试做
    解题原则
    1.句意明,
    辨成分

    1.The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist ____________ earth,Mother Nature.
    2.Museums must compete ____________ people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
    3.Du Fu:China’s Greatest Poet, a 58-minute film released recently on BBC introduces Du Fu to the Western world for the first time ________ the form of documentary.
    4.You can also gain some insight ________ the city’s present and future by experiencing modern leisure.
    若空格后是名词、代词或动名词, 且它们在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时考虑介词。
    (1)分析句子结构, 发现空格放在名词前后时, 应考虑名词与介词的搭配。
    (2)分析句子结构, 发现空格放在不及物动词后、名词前时, 应考虑动词与介词的搭配。
    (3)分析句子结构, 发现空格放在形容词或名词后名词前时, 应考虑形容词或名词与介词的搭配。
    2.介词多义
    看语境
    5.Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ____________ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
    6.This aging of the population is driven ____________ two factors.
    7.First celebrated ________ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区).
    8.But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ____________ this question is not clear.
    9.The celebration includes congratulations ________ students, recommending outstanding teachers, the exchange of ideas among teachers, and so on.
    10.Masterpieces such as Along the River During the Qingming Festival were projected on the roofs, giving visitors a feeling like walking ________ time.
    11.Within the sleeper carriage, ____________ little else to do, people talk or play cards, and soon a small community develops among the passengers.
    12.Modern methods ____________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
    13.If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ____________ dinner,get a few cooking tips from her.
    1.注意下列介词在用法上的区别
    (1)表示时间的in, on, at
    ①in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等。
    ②on表示星期几或某一特定的日期。
    ③at表示某个时间点、时刻等。
    (2)表示方位的through和across
    ①through表示“从……的内部穿过”。
    ②across表示“从……表面穿过”。
    (3)表示交通方式的by和on/in
    ①by后可直接跟涉及交通工具的单数名词,名词前不加冠词。
    ②on/in后跟交通工具时,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。
    (4)表示“用……”的by, in, with
    ①by指“靠……手段,用……方法,凭借……”,后可接名词、代词或动名词。
    ②in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前。
    ③with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。
    (5)of 表示所属关系,“……的”
    “of+n.”相当于该名词对应的形容词
    2.注意常考介词的用法
    (1)表示“作为”,用as,表示“为了”,用for表示“来自”,用from
    (2)with复合结构:
    “with+宾语+宾补”中用介词with
    (3)在被动语态中表示动作发出者,用by
    (4)在下列结构中用to而不用of表示所属关系
    the key/answer to the question, a solution to the problem
    3.依据句式
    和搭配
    填介词
    14.It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ____________ the late 1980s.
    15.Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ____________,through agriculture.
    16.According to satellite monitoring results, the increase of vegetation in China accounted ____________ 25 percent of the world’s total new greenery.
    17.The opening of FAST not only offers more observation possibilities to the world’s scientific community but also contributes Chinese wisdom ____________ building a community of shared future for humanity.
    18.Morgan says that it is time that people stopped standing by and recording on their phones when they see someone ____________ trouble.
    19.Over the last two months, several great apes at the San Diego Zoo have received an experimental animal COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗), because they are most ____________ risk and can be easily vaccinated.
    20.In Singapore there’s no better place to find Chinese medicines than in Chinatown—a colorful and lively place, rich ____________ Chinese culture and history.
    (1)与动词搭配,如:
    remind sb of sth   提醒某人某事
    rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物
    go back to/date from 追溯至
    exchange...for... 用……交换……
    run out of 用完
    account for 占……比例; 说明
    ……的原因
    (2)与名词或代词搭配,如:
    by accident 偶然
    in trouble 陷入困境,陷入麻烦
    in spite of 尽管,虽然
    in turn 依次,转而
    in return 作为报答
    at risk 处于危险中
    on board 乘(飞机、船)
    on average 平均
    (3)与形容词搭配,如:
    be curious about 对……感到好奇
    be proud of 因……而自豪
    be rich in 在……方面丰富
    (4)其他搭配,如:
    not...until... 直到……才……
    from...to... 从……到……
    between...and... 在……和……之间
    答案
    1.on [考查介词。on earth在世上。]
    2.for [考查介词。根据语境可知,此处表达的是“为了人们的空闲时间和金钱与其他的娱乐活动进行竞争”,compete for “为……竞争”,故应用介词for。]
    3.in [考查介词。句意:《杜甫:中国最伟大的诗人》,这部58分钟的电影最近在英国广播公司上映,它首次以纪录片的形式向西方世界介绍杜甫。固定搭配in the form of...(以……的方式),用介词in。]
    4.into [考查介词。insight与介词into搭配,表示“对……洞悉/了解”。]
    5.of [考查介词。type后常跟of sth,various types of trips “不同类型的旅行”,因此填of。]
    6.by [考查介词。空格处位于被动语态的谓语后,用来表示动作的发出者, 故填by。]
    7.in [考查介词。根据空格后的1970可知,表示在某一年,应用介词in。]
    8.to [考查介词。the answer to the question为固定用法,表示“问题的答案”,故填to。]
    9.from [考查介词。句意:庆祝活动包括学生的祝贺,推荐优秀的老师,老师之间的思想交流等等。from 表示“来自”。]
    10.through [考查介词。句意:《清明上河图》等名作被投射在屋顶上,让游客们有一种穿越时间的感觉。结合句意,through 该处指“在时间中穿过”。]
    11.with [考查介词。句意:在卧铺车厢里,人们无事可做,要么聊天,要么打牌,很快在乘客中形成了一个小社区。分析句子,根据句意可知,此处应用介词with接复合宾语,即with+名词+不定式结构作状语,with表示伴随、原因、条件等,符合句意。]
    12.of/for [考查介词。methods of/for doing sth做某事的方法,故填of/for。]
    13.for [考查介词。go to some place for dinner “去某个地方吃饭”。介词for在此表示目的。]
    14.until [考查介词。根据句意和句中的not可知,本空填until。not...until “直到……才……”。]
    15.in [考查介词。live in是固定搭配,表示“在……地方生活”,故填in。]
    16.for [考查介词。句意:根据卫星监测结果,中国植被的增加量占世界新绿化总量的25%。account for“占……比例”。]
    17.to [考查介词。句意:FAST的开通不仅为世界科学界提供了更多的观测机会,也为构建人类命运共同体贡献了中国智慧。结合句意表示“贡献……”短语为contribute...to...。]
    18.in [考查介词。句意:摩根说,当人们看到有人陷入困境时,是时候停止站在一旁用手机录像。in trouble为固定短语,意为“陷入困境,陷入麻烦”。]
    19.at [考查介词。句意:在过去两个月里,圣地亚哥动物园的几只类人猿接受了COVID-19实验动物疫苗,因为它们面临的风险最大,并且可以很容易地接种疫苗。表示“有风险”为介词短语at risk,在句中作表语。]
    20.in [考查介词。句意:在新加坡,没有比唐人街能更好地找到中药的地方了,那是一个丰富多彩而充满生机的地方,有着丰富的中国文化和历史。(be) rich in“在……方面丰富”为固定用法。]
    微技能三 如何确定填代词
    思维定向
    典题试做
    解题原则
    1.句意清,
    指代明
    1.It was worth it, though.I still have that golden headdress, as ________ reminds me of those unforgettable days.
    2.However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ________ every day.
    3.Shi Yan, chief of the Liaoning University of TCM, says he supports international students to participate in such activities, which will help ____________ combine knowledge together with culture.
    无提示词类填空, 当句中缺少主语或宾语时, 一般要填代词, 主要包括不定代词和it。
    (1)如果空格前文出现了单数名词,并且空处作主语,可根据代指的情况用he,she或者it。
    (2)如果空格前文出现了单数名词,并且空处作宾语,可根据代指的情况用him,her或者it。
    (3)如果空格前文出现了复数名词,并且空处作主语,填they。
    (4)如果空格前文出现了复数名词,并且空处作宾语,填them。
    2.it的特
    殊用法
    4.But ____________ was not only her sex that kept her long marginalized and long unsung.
    5.The history of Beijing glassware dates back to the early Ming Dynasty.____________ is said that when people smelted (熔炼) bronze, they discovered that some waste materials could form beautiful colors.
    6.Every new year in the heartland of industrial China thousands upon thousands of motorcyclists brave the weather and hit the road, determined to make ____________ home.
    7.Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________ can be to eat out.
    (1)指代天气、时间、距离等。
    (2)分析句子结构, 发现句子缺少形式主语或形式宾语时, 应考虑it。
    (3)it的常用固定句型:
    ·It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分
    ·It+be+形容词+of/for sb to do sth
    ·It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth
    ·hate/like/enjoy it that...讨厌/喜欢……
    ·when it comes to...当谈到……
    ·as sb puts it正如某人所言
    ·make it成功

    答案
    1.it [考查代词。句意:但这是值得的。我仍然留着那个金色的头饰,因为它让我想起了那些难忘的日子。分析句子,根据句意可知,此处连词as后应用代词it作主语,指前面的事物that golden headdress。]
    2.it [考查代词。指代前句中的the railway,故填it。]
    3.them [考查代词。句意: 辽宁中医药大学负责人石岩表示,他支持国际学生参加此类活动,这将有助于国际生将知识与文化结合起来。此处修饰复数名词international students,并且空处作宾语。所以应用them。]
    4.it [考查强调句型。句意:但使她长期被边缘化、默默无闻的,并不仅仅是她的性别。强调句的结构:it+is/was+强调成分+that/who+其他。]
    5.it [考查代词。句意:据说,当人们熔炼青铜时,他们发现一些废料可以形成美丽的颜色。固定句型:It is said that...“据说”,其中it是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语。]
    6.it [考查代词。句意:每年新年,在中国工业中心地带,成千上万的摩托车手冒着严寒上路,决心回家。根据句意可知,他们冒着严寒,也一定要回家,make it及时抵达,走完路程。]
    7.it [考查代词。此处应用it作形式主语,真正的主语是to eat out。]


    精做高考真题
    1、(2022·全国·高考甲卷)
    A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___1___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
    On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___2___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___3___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___4___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
    Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___5___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___6___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
    In the last five years. Cao ___7___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___8___ (high) mountain.
    Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___9___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____10____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
    【语篇解读】
    本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个有视力障碍的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
    【详情解析】
    1.【to journey】考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。step前面有序数词first,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to journey。
    2.【who】考查定语从句。句意:在1100公里的旅程中,8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词为the man,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
    3.【held】考查非谓语动词。句意:受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发,曹决定徒步穿越这条路线,以向古代丝绸之路致敬。动词hold意为“举行”,和谓语之间没有连词,和逻辑主语“the Belt and Road Forum”之间构成被动关系,且动作已完成,应用过去分词,作后置定语。故填held。
    4.【A】考查冠词。句意:他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。此处名词friend第一次出现,所以应用不定冠词表示泛指,且friend是以辅音音素开头的词,应用不定冠词a。故填A。
    5.【protection】考查名词。句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处应用名词protection,作宾语,protection表示“保护”时,是不可数名词。故填protection。
    6.【meaningful】考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,应用形容词meaningful表示“有意义的”,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
    7.【has walked】考查动词时态。句意:在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语Cao为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has walked。
    8.【highest】考查形容词最高级。句意:在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知,此处是指三者或三者以上的比较,应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
    9.【from】考查介词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from,固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
    10.【planning】考查非谓语动词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。动词plan意为“计划”,和谓语之间没有连词,和主语构成主动关系,应用现在分词,作状语。故填planning。
    2、(2022·全国·高考乙卷)
    May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___11___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___12___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
    The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___13___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___14___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___15___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___16___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
    The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___17___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
    ___18___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___19___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
    The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____20_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
    【语篇解读】
    本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日,中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
    【详情解析】
    11.【by】考查介词。句意:2019年11月27日,联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知,此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动,使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
    12.【the】考查冠词。句意:为了庆祝这一节日,周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。分析句意可知,特指International Tea Day这一节日,所以用定冠词the表特指。故填the。
    13.【addressed】考查动词的时态。句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。分析句意可知,本句是陈述过去事情,所以用一般过去时。故填addressed。
    14.【largest】考查形容词最高级。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知,中国是最大产茶国,所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
    15.【responsibility】考查名词。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
    16.【shared】考查非谓语动词。句意:这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。因为动词share和名词future之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
    17.【and】考查连词。句意:仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来,促进国际合作和文化交流。分析句式结构可知,名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分,作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
    18.【To strengthen】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
    19.【inviting】考查非谓语动词。句意:同上。分析句式结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语,表主动关系。故填inviting。
    20.【its】考查代词。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。分析句式结构可知,名词exhibition前应该用形容词性物主代词来故填its。
    3、(2021·全国·高考甲卷)
    The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It ___21___ (build) originally to protect the city ___22___ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible  ___23___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
    We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
    After ___24___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___25___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
    We ___26___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ___27___ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___28___ way around the Xi’an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___29___ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ______30______ (day) routines.
    【语篇解读】
    这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者游览西安长城的过程。
    【详情解析】
    21.【was built】考查动词语态。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。build和主语it之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,根据时间状语the Tang dynasty可知,应用一般过去时。故填was built。
    22.【in或during】考查介词。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。表示“在某个朝代”,应用介词in或during。故填in或during。
    23.【to walk】考查非谓语动词。句意:骑行或者走完全程的14公里是可能的。固定句型It +be+adj+to do sth.,it为形式主语,不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
    24.【spending】考查非谓语动词。句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。此处After为介词,应用动名词,作介词宾语。故填spending。
    25.【better】考查形容词比较级。句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文than可知,此处应用形容词good的比较级better。故填better。
    26.【hired】考查动词时态。句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。根据语境可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填hired。
    27.【but】考查连词。句意:我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃,但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系,应用转折连词but。故填but。
    28.【the】考查冠词。句意:我们绕着西安城墙一路走了大约3个小时。固定短语all the way“一直,完全地”。故填the。
    29.【watchtowers】考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。watchtower是可数名词,由different修饰,应用复数形式。故填watchtowers。
    30.【daily】考查形容词。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines,应用形容词daily,作定语。故填daily。
    4、(2021·全国新高考I卷)
    Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. ____31____ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____32____ (human) are.
    The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____33____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____34____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____35____ (astonish).
    What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____36____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____37____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____38____ (ache) legs.
    As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____39____ (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is _____40_____ must to visit!
    【语篇解读】
    本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海,温泉以及台阶。
    【详情解析】
    31.【What】考查主语从句。句意:这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句,从句缺乏主语,应用what引导,指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
    32.【humans】考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
    33.【undoubtedly】考查副词。句意:它无疑会帮助你恢复精神!此处修饰动词help,应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
    34.【hotter】考查形容词比较级。句意:关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是,气温越低,温泉越暖和!此处是固定结构“the +比较级,the+比较级”,意为“越……,越……”。故填hotter。
    35.【astonished】考查形容词。句意:但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”,补充说明宾语us的感受,应用-ed结尾形容词astonished,表示人的感受“感到震惊的”。故填astonished。
    36.【was】考查动词时态。句意:你不禁会想,对当时的人们来说,把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知,“how hard it 36 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语,it是从句的形式主语,不定式为真正主语,谓语动词用单数形式,“安置台阶的石头”是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填was。
    37.【and】考查连词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知,“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系,都是作it的谓语,应用并列连词and。故填and。

    38.【aching】考查形容词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知,此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”,修饰名词legs,意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
    39.【mine】考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知,本句的does替代前一句的stick,本句缺乏宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine,指代my memory。故填mine。
    40.【a】考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时,意为“绝对必要的事物”,为可数名词,此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”,应用不定冠词,must是以辅音音素开头的词,应用a。故填a。
    5、(2020·山东·高考真题)
    Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ___41___ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ___42___ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ___43___ (form) the core collection of the British Museum ___44___ opened in 1759.
    The parts of a museum open to the public ___45___ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ___46___ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
    Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ___47___ (they) living at a different time in history or ___48___(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ___49___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete ____50____people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
    【语篇解读】
    这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。
    【详情解析】
    41.【wealthy】考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people,应使用形容词,做定语。故填wealthy。
    42.【or】考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世,然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知,前后陈述的是两者可能性,应使用连词or:或者。故填or。
    43.【formed】考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
    44.【which/that】考查定语从句。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是the British Museum,关系词在从句中做主语,应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
    45.【are called】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用,应使用一般现在时;主语与call是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
    46.【is】考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语a small part of a museum’s collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
    47.【themselves】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
    48.【walking】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
    49.【accuracy】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于形容词historical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
    50.【for】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for,意为: “为了……竞争”。故填for。
     挑战名校考题
    1、(2023届广东省肇庆市第一中学毕业班第一次质量检测)
    Why is swimming____1____ (benefit)to you? One of the key____2____(reason) is that it’s a total-body workout and builds your muscle all over. Each stroke(划水动作)works out a different set of muscles,____3____no matter which stroke you’re using, the act of pulling your body through the water almost____4____(use) all your muscle groups. Swimming is also a workout for your heart system,____5____(raise) your heart rate without placing extra stress on your body.
    While running can have a negative effect on your bones and joints, swimming is____6____  (complete) safe, which gives you the opportunity to work out____7____stressing your joints. It’s true that the low-impact nature of swimming makes it much less likely ____8____ (cause) injuries.
    According to a study conducted by New York University, swimming can cut men’s risk of dying by almost 50%, a rate which is significantly____9____(high) than running or walking. The study was undertaken over a period of 32 years, and____10____it was only conducted on men, there’s no real reason why the effects should be any different for women.
    【语篇解读】
    这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了游泳的益处。
    【详情解析】
    1.【beneficial】考查形容词。句意:为什么游泳对你有好处?分析句子可知,此空应填形容词作表语,提示词benefit是动词,其形容词为beneficial。故填beneficial。
    2.【reasons】考查名词复数。句意:其中一个关键原因是,这是一项全身锻炼,可以锻炼全身肌肉。此空考查名词的复数,one of +可数名词复数表示“……之一”,为固定搭配。故填reasons。
    3. 【but】考查连词。句意:每一次划水都会锻炼出一组不同的肌肉,但无论你使用哪种划水方式,将身体拉过水面的动作几乎会消耗你所有的肌肉群。分析句子可知,此空前后两句话为转折关系。故填but。
    4.【uses】考查时态。句意:每一次划水都会锻炼出一组不同的肌肉,但无论你使用哪种划水方式,将身体拉过水面的动作几乎会消耗你所有的肌肉群。此空考查谓语动词,主语为the act of pulling your body through the water,是第三人称单数,与谓语use为主动关系,再结合上下文,应该用一般现在时。故填uses。
    5.【raising】考查非谓语。句意:游泳也是一种锻炼心脏系统的运动,在不给身体带来额外压力的情况下提高心率。分析句子可知,此空考查非谓语,主语swimming与raise之间为主动关系,再根据句意可知,此空应填现在分词作状语。故填raising。
    6.【completely】考查副词。句意:跑步会对你的骨骼和关节产生负面影响,但游泳是完全安全的,这让你有机会在不给关节带来压力的情况下锻炼。分析句子可知,此空应填副词修饰后面形容词safe。故填completely。
    7.【without】考查介词。句意:跑步会对你的骨骼和关节产生负面影响,但游泳是完全安全的,这让你有机会在不给关节带来压力的情况下锻炼。根据句意,此空应填介词without,表示否定的含义。故填without。
    8.【to cause】考查非谓语。句意:的确,游泳的低冲击性使其不太可能导致受伤。likely to do sth.“可能做某事”,固定搭配。故填to cause。
    9.【higher】考查形容词比较级。句意:根据纽约大学的一项研究,游泳可以将男性的死亡风险降低近50%,这一比例明显高于跑步或步行。根据空格后的than可知,空格处应填所给词的比较级。故填higher。
    10.【though/although】考查连词。句意:这项研究历时32年,虽然只对男性进行了研究,但并没有真正的理由说明对女性的影响会有什么不同。根据句意,此空考查让步状语从句,连接词应该用though或although,表“虽然”。故填though/although。
    2、(2023届湖北省鄂东南教学改革联盟高三上学期期中联考)
    This summer, Chongqing, a city in Southwest China, faced a severe test, with a heat wave and drought ____11____ (cause) a series of wildfires since Aug 17.
    Thanks to the joint efforts of rescue workers, as well as volunteers and residents, more than 10 forest fires in the city were ____12____ (complete) put out in less than 10 days, with no ____13____ (injure) or deaths reported. The world witnessed ____14____ was highly praised as “Chongqing speed” in people’s united action.
    A spectacular aerial video circulating on social media captured the heart of netizens: a stream of headlights ____15____ (wear) by rescue teams lit up the dark mountain paths, being a comparison with the red flames swallowing the mountain, which was described by netizens ____16____ a “Great Human Wall”. Zeng, 20, a college student, was one of the bricks of the “Great Human Wall” helping transport supplies to the fire scene. “‘Too busy ____17____ (feel) tired; I have to be faster’ was the only sound ____18____ was echoing in my mind,” he recalled.
    The video ____19____ (receive) more than 100, 000 likes and shares on the platform WeChat in the past few months. The photographer said, “It’s really ____20____ hard-won success! What I want to show through the video is the ‘red rock soul’ of Chongqing people, and how China’s young people are shaping the country’s future.”
    【语篇解读】
    本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍救援人员、志愿者和居民的共同努力对抗重庆野火的事迹,重点讲述了一段壮观的航拍视频:救援队的头灯照亮了黑暗的山路,与吞噬山体的红色火焰形成对比。
    【详情解析】
    11.【causing】考查非谓语动词。句意:今年夏天,中国西南部城市重庆面临着严峻的考验,自8月17日以来,热浪和干旱引发了一系列野火。分析句子结构可知,此处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构,cause与a heat wave and drought之间为主动关系,所以应该用现在分词作宾补。故填causing。
    12.【completely】考查副词。句意:在救援人员、志愿者和居民的共同努力下,在不到10天的时间里,该市10多起森林火灾被完全扑灭,没有人员伤亡报告。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后动词put out,所以应填副词,complete的副词形式是completely,故填completely。
    13.【injuries】考查名词。句意:在救援人员、志愿者和居民的共同努力下,在不到10天的时间里,该市10多起森林火灾被完全扑灭,没有人员伤亡报告。分析句子结构可知,空前是介词with,所以空处应填名词,injure的名词为injury,此处意指受伤的人,为可数名词,根据空后的deaths知,应该用复数形式。故填injuries。
    14.【what】考查宾语从句。句意:世界见证了人民团结行动中被誉为“重庆速度”的时刻。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,指“……的东西”。故填what。
    15.【worn】考查非谓语动词。句意:在社交媒体上流传的一段壮观的航拍视频戳中了网友的心:救援队的头灯照亮了黑暗的山路,与吞噬山体的红色火焰形成对比,被网友称为“人体长城”。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词captured,所以wear应该用非谓语形式,再根据空后的by表“被”之意,所以应该用过去分词表被动。故填worn。
    16.【as】考查介词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知,此处考查固定搭配be described as意为“被描述成”。故填as。
    17.【to feel】考查固定搭配。句意:忙得感觉不到累;我必须跑得更快。分析句子结构可知,此处考查固定搭配too...to...意为“太……而不能……”。故填to feel。
    18.【that】考查定语从句关系词。句意:“‘忙得感觉不到累;我必须跑得更快’是唯一在我脑海中回响的声音,”他回忆道。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少主语,应该用关系代词,先行词是sound,指物,故应该用that或者which引导,但是当先行词有only修饰时,只能用that,不能用which。故填that。
    19.【has received】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的几个月里,这段视频在微信朋友圈获得了超过10万个点赞和分享。根据时间状语in the past few months可知,为现在完成时标志词,应用现在完成时,主语是video,为第三人称单数。故填has received。
    20.【a】考查冠词。句意:这真是来之不易的成功!success作“成功的事或人”时为可数名词,此处用不定冠词泛指,且hard-won发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
    3、(2023届浙江省绍兴市高三11月高考科目诊断性考试)
    If you’ve ever wondered what dreams taste like, you’re in for a treat, because Coca-Cola is releasing another new limited-edition flavor to its Creations lineup. ____21____ (call) Dreamworld, the latest Coke is supposed to taste like dreams.
    “This limited-edition flavor is your gateway into a lively, ____22____ (energy) world where anything is possible; where imaginations are free to discover the magic in ordinary moments,” Coca-Cola said in ____23____ press release.
    The release of the new flavor is a part of the company’s effort ____24____ (attract) new Gen Z consumers through Coca-Cola Creations, ____25____ will introduce a series of unexpected beverages and experiences across physical and digital worlds.
    “Coca-Cola Dreamworld taps into Gen Z’s passion ____26____ the great potential of the mind by exploring ____27____ a dream tastes like,” Alessandra Cascino, Coca-Cola North America Operating Unit’s creative shopper program director, said in a statement. “Like the Coca-Cola Creations that came before it, Dreamworld plays with the unexpected ____28____ it will no doubt provoke discovery and debate among consumers...and that we welcome.”
    Starting Monday, Aug 15, Dreamworld will be available in grocery and gas ____29____ (station) across the US. There will be both regular and zero-sugar options available, and it _____30_____ (sell) by the bottle and in cans.
    【语篇解读】
    本文是说明文。文章主要介绍可口可乐公司新推出的一款可乐Dreamworld。
    【详情解析】
    21.【Called】考查非谓语动词。句意:被叫做梦幻世界,最新的可乐应该是梦幻般的味道。分析句子结构和意思可知,动词call和句子主语the latest Coke是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词形式,表示被动。故填Called。
    22.【energetic】考查形容词。句意:可口可乐在新闻稿中表示:“这款限量版是你进入一个充满活力的世界的大门,在这里一切皆有可能;在这里,想象力可以自由地在平凡时刻发现神奇。”分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要形容词做定语,修饰后面的名词world。故填energetic。
    23.【a】考查冠词。句意:见第2题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要不定冠词修饰后面的可数名词单数press release,表示泛指,“一”的意思。故填a。
    24.【to attract】考查非谓语动词。句意:新口味的发布是该公司努力通过可口可乐创意吸引新的Z世代消费者的一部分,可口可乐创意将在实体和数字世界中推出一系列意想不到的饮料和体验。分析句子结构和意思可知,“attract new Gen Z consumers through Coca-Cola Creations”是effort的定语,常用不定式作定语。故填to attract。
    25.【which】考查定语从句。句意:见第4题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知,“  25   will introduce a series of unexpected beverages and experiences across physical and digital worlds”是非限制性定语从句,先行词是Creations,在从句中做主语,指物,用关系代词which。故填which。
    26.【for】考查介词。句意:可口可乐梦想世界通过探索梦想的味道,挖掘Z世代对大脑巨大潜力的热情。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查固定搭配passion for,表示“……的热情”的意思。故填for。
    27.【what】考查宾语从句。句意:见第6题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知,“  27   a dream tastes like”是宾语从句,从句中缺少介词like的宾语,指物,“什么”的意思,用从属连词what。故填what。
    28.【so】考查连词。句意:就像之前的可口可乐创意一样,梦幻世界也在玩意想不到的游戏,因此,它无疑会引起消费者的发现和争论……我们对此表示欢迎。分析句子结构和意思可知,空格前后两个分句是因果关系,用连词so。故填so。
    29.【stations】考查名词的数。句意:从8月15日星期一开始,梦想世界将在美国各地的杂货店和加油站提供。分析句子结构和意思可知,station是可数名词,前面没有限定词,所以名词用复数形式,表示泛指。故填stations。
    30.【will be sold】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:将有常规和零糖两种选择,并按瓶装和罐装出售。分析句子结构和意思可知,这句话描述的是将来的情况,所以谓语用一般将来时。句子主语it和动词sell是被动的关系,所以用一般将来时的被动结构。故填will be sold。
    4、(2023届浙江省金华市十校高三上学期11月模拟考试)
    Lake Powell, the second largest human-made reservoir (水库) in the US, has lost nearly 7% of its potential storage capacity since it ___31___ (build) in 1963.
    In addition to water ___32___ (lose) due to years of drought, the US Geological Survey found, Lake Powell ___33___ (face) an average annual loss in storage capacity of about 33,270 acre-feet per year between 1963 and 2018. That’s enough water ___34___ (fill) the Reflecting Pool on the National Mall about 1,600 times.
    The capacity of the reservoir is becoming smaller because of sediments (沉淀物) ___35___ (flow) in from the Colorado and San Juan rivers. Those sediments settle at the bottom of the reservoir ___36___ decrease the total amount of water that the reservoir can hold. It’s bad news for a region ___37___ has already faced water shortages and extreme wildfires due to the drought.
    Lake Powell is ___38___ important reservoir in the Colorado River Basin. Both Lake Powell and nearby Lake Mead, the nation’s largest reservoir, are drying up ___39___ an alarming rate. In August, the government declared a water shortage on the Colorado River for the first time after Lake Mead’s water level decreased to a record low, leading to cuts in water consumption for the ___40___ (state) in the Southwest that began in January.
    【语篇解读】
    本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了由于干旱,鲍威尔湖的水位不仅直线下降,它的总容量也在减少。
    【详情解析】
    31.【was built】考查谓语动词。句意:鲍威尔湖是美国第二大人工水库,自1963年建成以来,其潜在蓄水能力已经损失了近7%。设空处在句中做谓语,根据时间状语in 1963,可知句子的时态为一般过去时,设空处和句子的主语it之间是被动关系,可知,设空处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。
    32.【loss】考查名词。句意:美国地质调查局发现,除了多年干旱导致的水资源损失外,鲍威尔湖在1963年至2018年期间平均每年面临约33270英亩英尺的蓄水量损失。设空处在句中作宾语,应用名词的形式,表示抽象概念为不可数名词。故填loss。
    33.【faced】考查谓语动词的时态。句意见上题解析。设空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语between 1963 and 2018,可知句子的时态为一般过去时。故填faced。
    34.【to fill】考查非谓语动词。句意:这些水足够灌满国家广场上的倒影池约1600次。设空处在句中作非谓语,表将来,应用动词不定式的形式作定语。故填to fill。
    35.【flowing】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于从科罗拉多河和圣胡安河流入的沉积物的流动,水库的容量越来越小。设空处在句中作非谓语,和句子的逻辑主语sediments (沉淀物)之间是逻辑的主动关系,应用现在分词的形式作定语。故填flowing。
    36.【and】考查连词。句意:这些沉积物沉积在水库底部,减少了水库可以容纳的总水量。设空处并列句子的谓语,应用and。故填and。
    37.【which或that】考查定语从句的引导词。句意:这对一个由于干旱已经面临缺水和极端野火的地区来说是个坏消息。设空处引导定语从句且在句中做指物的主语,先行词为region。故填which或that。
    38.考查冠词。句意:鲍威尔湖是科罗拉多河流域一个重要的水库。设空处后为名词单数的形式,表示泛指,应用不定冠词,因空后的important为元音音素开头。故填an。
    39.【at】考查介词。句意:鲍威尔湖和附近的米德湖(美国最大的水库)正以惊人的速度干涸。at a rate of以……的速度。故填at。
    40.【states】考查名词。句意:今年8月,在米德湖水位降至历史最低点后,政府首次宣布科罗拉多河缺水,导致美国西南部各州从1月开始削减用水量。设空处在句中作宾语,应用名词的形式,根据后面的“in the Southwest (美国西南部)”可知,设空处应用名词的复数的形式。故填states。
    5、(2023届河南洛阳市六校高三10月份联考)
    The Chinese folk dance is a microcosm (缩影乡) of the country’s rich culture. The peacock dance is __41__traditional folk dance of the Dai minority.
    The Dai people are known ___42___ their dancing and singing skills. It’s said that more than a thousand years ago, the Dai minority’s head learned to dance through copying the elegant ___43___ (gesture) of the peacock. Afterwards, the dance ___44___ (promote) by later generations and spread widely. In the mind of the Dai people, the peacock is a symbol of ___45___ (happy).
    The dance movements are usually performed in a ___46___ (fix) order. The dance starts with a peacock flying out from its nest and looking around ___47___ (cautious). It wanders around the wild searching for food. Having had its fill, the peacock then goes to the river bank to bathe and play in the water. After that, it shakes the water drops off and combs its feathers. When ___48___ (compete) with other peacocks, it displays its beautiful tail to its rivals(竞争对手)and its beloved.At the end of the dance, the peacock’ spreads out its wings and flies joyfully into the sky.
    ___49___ (show) a lively peacock, dancers must use a range of hand movements and eye expressions. Their knees must be very flexible, ___50___ is a feature of the Dai dance.
    【语篇解读】
    这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国傣族孔雀舞的历史、特点等。
    【详情解析】
    41.【a】考查冠词。句意:孔雀舞是傣族的一种传统民间舞蹈。根据句意,此处需用不定冠词a泛指“一种”。故填a。
    42.【for】考查介词。句意:傣族人以他们的舞蹈和歌唱技巧而闻名。be known for是固定搭配,意为“以……而闻名”。故填for。
    43.【gestures】考查名词。句意:据说在一千多年前,傣族的首领就通过模仿孔雀的优雅姿势来学习舞蹈。本句中gesture表示“姿势、姿态”,为可数名词,且此处表泛指,故用复数形式。故填gestures。
    44.【was promoted】考查时态语态。句意:后来,这种舞蹈被后人发扬光大,广为流传。分析句子可知句中没有谓语,此处应填谓语动词,根据句意和by可知需使用被动语态,且由上文learned可知时态为一般过去时,主语the dance是单数,主谓保持一致,谓语动词用三单,所以应该填was promoted。故填was promoted。
    45.【happiness】考查名词。句意:在傣族人的心目中,孔雀是幸福的象征。此处用名词作介词of后的宾语。故填happiness。
    46.【fixed】考查形容词。句意:舞蹈动作通常按固定的顺序进行。此处用形容词fixed作名词order的前置定语。故填fixed。
    47.【curiously】考查副词。句意:舞蹈开始时,一只孔雀从巢中飞出来,小心翼翼地四处张望。此处用副词curiously修饰动词短语look around。故填curiously。
    48.【competing】考查非谓语动词。句意:它和其他孔雀比赛时,它会向它的竞争对手和它的爱人展示它美丽的尾巴。此处用连词+分词做时间状语,compete与逻辑主语it(the peacock)之间是主谓关系,需用现在分词。故填competing。
    49.【To show】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了表演一只活泼的孔雀,舞者必须使用一系列的手部动作和眼部表情。分析句子,可知本句的谓语是must use,故此处填非谓语动词形式,根据句意,句首应填不定式表示目的,所以填to show作目的状语。故填To show。
    50.【which】考查定语从句。句意:他们的膝盖必须非常灵活,这是傣族舞蹈的一个特点。分析句子可知,逗号后是非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句,即Their knees must be very flexible,从句缺主语,非限制定语从句用which来引导。故填which。
    6、(2023届陕西省宝鸡市、汉中市部分学校高三上学期联考)
    I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled “A Real Test in My Life” before the whole class at the age of 9! You can imagine how ___51___ (terrible) shy I was with so many eyes  ___52___  (fix) upon me. I had no ___53___ (choose) but to prepare for it, though. First of all, I was to draft the speech, which was just a piece of cake for me, a good writer. But the hardest part ___54___ (lie) in my oral presentation from my memory— for to read from the paper was not allowed. The real moment began ___55___   I stood on the platform with my legs trembling and my mind blank. But my listeners were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me. Gradually I found myself back, ___56___ (deliver) my speech with difficulty. After what seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding— I made ___57___! From then on, my fear of talking before an audience disappeared. Actually with my ___58___ (confident) building up, I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way   ___59___ success is our fear. Overcome it ____60____ we will be able to achieve our goals.
    【语篇解读】
    本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述作者9岁时的一次在全班面前的演讲,讲述当时的心情、动作及对以后成长的重要作用。
    【详情解析】
    51.【terribly】考查副词。句意:你可以想象我有多害羞,有那么多的眼睛盯着我。此处修饰形容词shy要用副词,故填terribly。
    52.【fixed】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处是with复合结构,其中eyes与fix是被动关系,用过去分词表被动,故填fixed。
    53.【choice】考查名词。句意:不过,我别无选择,只能做好准备。此处意为“不得不做某事”,表达为have no choice but to do…,“选择”这里用名词,故填choice。
    54.【lay】考查动词时态。句意:但最困难的部分在于从我的记忆中进行口头陈述,因为照着文章读是不允许的。此处讲述过去发生的事情,全文都是过去时态,故此处用一般过去式,故填lay。
    55.【when】考查连词。句意:当我双腿颤抖大脑空白地站在讲台上时,真正的时刻开始了。本句为when引导时间状语从句,故填when。
    56.【delivering】考查非谓语动词。句意:渐渐地我发现自己又回来了,艰难地发表了演说。此处做状语,deliver与主语I是主动关系,因此用现在分词delivering作状语表示伴随,故填delivering。
    57.【it】考查固定短语。句意:我成功了!短语make it意为“达到预定目标;成功”,故填it。
    58.【confidence】考查名词。句意:渐渐地,随着我自信心的增长,我现在成为了一个成功的演说家。此处应用名词作宾语,“confidence”自信心,为不可数名词,故填confidence。
    59.【to】考查介词。句意:回顾起来,我们成功路上最大的困难就是我们内心的恐惧。此处意为“通往……的路上”,表达为the way to…,故填to。
    60.【and】考查固定句型。句意:克服它,我们将能够实现我们的目标。此处为“祈使句+and句型”,故填and。
    7、(2023届山东省名校联盟高三上学期诊断性测试)
    China is much more concerned about livelihood projects. Another project of ____61____(channel) water from China’s Yangtze River to the Hanjiang River ____62____ (begin) construction in June this year. With a total ____63____ (invest) of 59.8 billion yuan, the project is a supplement to the middle route of the country’s South-to-North Water Diversion Project.
    The new project is expected ____64____ (enhance) the water allocation (分配) capacity of the Hanjiang River Basin to ____65____ (far) ensure water supply to the dry north. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project transfers water from China’s water-rich south ____66____ the dry north through the middle, eastern and western routes. The middle route, the most prominent one due to ____67____ (it) role in feeding water to the nation’s capital, begins at the Danjiangkou eservoir in the Hanjiang River in central province of Hubei and runs northeastward to Beijing and Tianjin. It started supplying water in December 2014.
    China has stepped up the water project construction. 10,644 new water projects ____68____ (value) at 414.4 billion yuan started construction in ____69____ first five months of the year. The money _____70_____ is invested in the country’s water project construction will be over 800 billion yuan this year, according to the official data.
    【语篇解读】
    这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国关心的民生项目——南水北调中工程。
    【详情解析】
    61.【channeling】考查非谓语动词。句意:另一个从长江引水到汉江的工程将于今年六月开工。空前有介词of,故空处动词需要变成动名词的形式;提示词为channel表示“输送”、“传送”,动名词形式为channeling。故填channeling。
    62.【begins】考查动词。句意:另一个从长江引水到汉江的工程将于今年六月开工。分析句子可知,空处为句子的谓语动词,主语为Another project,为单数,begin常用一般现在时表将来,用于表示在时间上确定好或安排好的事情,故谓语动词需要用第三人称单数的形式。故填begins。
    63.【investment】考查名词。句意:该项目总投资五百九十八亿元,是南水北调中线工程的补充。根据空前形容词total和空后介词of可知,空处需要填名词;invest意为“投资”,是动词,其名词形式为investment。故填investment。
    64.【to enhance】考查不定式。句意:新项目有望提高汉江流域的水资源分配能力,进一步确保干旱的北方地区的供水。固定短语be expected to do sth.意为“有望做某事”,故空处需要用到动词不定式的形式。故填to enhance。
    65.【further】考查动词。句意:新项目有望提高汉江流域的水资源分配能力,进一步确保干旱的北方地区的供水。根据空前不定式to表目的可知,空处需要填动词;far为形容词,表示“远的”,其动词形式为further,表示“进一步”,符合句意。故填further。
    66.【to】考查固定短语。句意:南水北调工程通过中线、东线和西线,将中国水资源丰富的南方的水调入干旱的北方。固定短语transfer A to B意为“把A转移到B”,符合句意。故填to。
    67.【its】考查代词。句意:中线是最引人注目的一条,因为它的角色是为中国首都提供水源。空后为名词role,意为“角色”,故空处需要填形容词性物主代词指代上文的The middle route。its意为“它的”,符合句意。故填its。
    68.【valued】考查非谓语动词。句意:今年前五个月,新开工水利项目一万零六百四十四个,估值四千一百四十四亿元。分析句子成分可知,后文started为谓语动词,故空处需要填非谓语的形式;主语10,644 new water projects和动词value“估价”为动宾关系,故要用过去分词形式表被动。故填valued。
    69.【the】考查冠词。句意:今年前五个月,新开工水利项目一万零六百四十四个,估值四千一百四十四亿元。结合句意可知,想表达“今年前五个月”需要用到the + first +数词+名词复数的形式,定冠词不能省略。故填the。
    70.【that/which】考查定语从句。句意:据官方数据显示,今年我国水利工程建设投资将超过八千亿元。分析句子结构可知,空处需要填关系词引导定语从句,先行词为The money,从句中缺少主语,故需要用到关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。
    8、(2023届河南省顶级名校高三10月份阶段性测试)
    During last year’s two sessions (两会), Shan Jixiang, director of the Palace Museum,____71____ (push) for major renovations (修复) inside the palace museum. And during this year’s two sessions, he proposed adopting ____72____ new set of regulations on how to best protect and preserve the historic complex.
    “The Regulation of the Preservation of the Great Wall ____73____ (adopt) over the past years, and it has proved very effective, so this year we’ve drafted an outline for new regulations and we hope to pass the cultural relics of the Palace Museum on to many generations ____74____ (come).” Shan said.
    The Palace Museum faces serious pressures. An increasing number of____75____ (tour) want to see the palace’s treasures, but overcrowding could harm preservation efforts. And ____76____ urbanization (城市化) progressing in Beijing, construction around the Palace Museum may end up damaging ____77____ (it) ancient buildings. The Forbidden City’s image as a museum has grown ____78____ Shan’s last measures were approved in 2012. To make more room for more visitors, Shan has proposed moving 750 employees, ____79____ (rough) half the museum’s staff, to offices outside the complex. He has also called for transforming an archaeological site which _____80_____unearthed in 2016 into a new public archaeological museum for the public to enjoy.
    【语篇解读】
    这是一篇新闻报道。本文讲述了去年两会期间,故宫博物院院长单继祥推动故宫博物院内部的重大翻修工作。今年两会期间,他建议通过一套关于如何最好地保护和保护历史建筑群的新规定。
    【详情解析】
    71.【pushed】考查时态。句意:在去年的两会期间,故宫博物院院长单继祥推动了故宫博物院内部的重大整修。此处缺少谓语,根据During last year’s two sessions,故用一般过去时。故填pushed。
    72.【a】考查固定搭配。句意:在今年的两会上,他提议通过一套关于如何最好地保护和保护历史建筑群的新法规。短语a set of表示“一套”,set的发音是辅音音素开头,故填a。
    73.【has been adopted】考查时态和语态。句意:“在过去的几年里,保护长城的规定已经被采纳,并被证明是非常有效的,所以今年我们起草了一个新规定的大纲,我们希望将故宫博物院的文物传递给下一代。”单说。主语与谓语构成被动关系;且over the past years和现在完成时态连用,且句子主语为The Regulation,助动词用has。故填has been adopted。
    74.【to come】考查不定式作定语。句意:“在过去的几年里,保护长城的规定已经被采纳,并被证明是非常有效的,所以今年我们起草了一个新规定的大纲,我们希望将故宫博物院的文物传递给下一代。”单说。表示“将会到来的”,用不定式作后置定语。故填to come。
    75.【tourists】考查名词的数。句意:越来越多的游客希望看到故宫的宝藏,但过度拥挤可能会损害保护工作。表示“游客”,且前面有An increasing number of,所以此处要用复数名词。故填tourists。
    76.考查with复合结构。句意:随着北京城市化进程的推进,故宫周围的建筑可能最终会破坏古建筑。根据urbanization progressing in Beijing可知此处是with的复合结构with+宾语+宾补,表示“随着……”。故填with。
    77.【its】考查代词。句意:随着北京城市化进程的推进,故宫周围的建筑可能最终会破坏古建筑。修饰名词buildings应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
    78.【since】考查连词。句意:自2012年单继祥的最后一项措施获得批准以来,紫禁城作为一座博物馆的形象得到了提升。分析句子成分可知,主句用现在完成时态,从句用一般过去时态,表示“自从”,所以此处要用since。故填since。
    79.【roughly】考查副词。句意:为了给更多的游客腾出更多的空间,单继祥提议将750名员工(约占博物馆员工的一半)搬到园区外的办公室。修饰数字half the museum’s staff应用副词roughly。故填roughly。
    80.【was】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:他还呼吁将2016年出土的考古遗址改造成新的公共考古博物馆,供公众欣赏。空处为定语从句的谓语动词,根据时间状语in 2016,可知用一般过去时态,主语which指代单数名词an archaeological site,故谓语动词用单数形式。故填was。
    9、(2023届山东省实验中学高三上学期第一次诊断性考试)
    Nowadays, millions of people get the news of air crash whenever it happens. Therefore, the fear of flying ____81____ (rise) in the past few years. This causes many Americans ____82____ (drive) rather than fly, but is driving really a ____83____ (safe)way to travel than flying?
    As a matter of fact, ____84____ the media doesn’t show the world are other automobile accidents; research over the past several years has shown that flying is the safest method of transportation. In a Newsweek magazine study ____85____ (test) deaths per 100 million miles of transportation, cars have 0.94 deaths while trains 0.04 deaths and planes and buses came out ____86____ same with 0.01 deaths.
    When you look at the data, perhaps you will be worried about the ____87____ (frequent) of air crashes,  ____88____ actually only a small percent of these crashes involve deaths. On the other hand, when there is a crash, there is usually a fairly large loss of life ____89____ (involve). And nearly every air crash _____90_____ (probable) makes the front page headline in nearly every newspaper across the world.
    【语篇解读】
    本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当今世界人们总是对飞行充满恐惧,但是研究表明,乘飞机才是最安全的交通方式。
    【详情解析】
    81.【has risen】考查时态。句意:因此,对飞行的恐惧在过去的几年里有所上升。分析句子结构可知,空处为本句谓语动词。根据时间状语in the past few years可判断本句谓语动词为现在完成时;主语为the fear,不可数名词,所以谓语动词用has。故填has risen。
    82.【to drive】考查非谓语动词。句意:这导致许多美国人开车而不是坐飞机,但开车真的比坐飞机更安全吗?非谓语动词担当宾语补足语,构成固定短语:cause sb. to do sth.“导致某人做某事”。故填to drive。
    83.【safer】考查形容词比较级。句意:这导致许多美国人开车而不是坐飞机,但开车真的比坐飞机更安全吗?根据空后的than可知,空处为形容词比较级形式。故填safer。
    84.【what】考查主名词性从句。句意:事实上,媒体没有向世界展示的是其他的交通事故;过去几年的研究表明,乘飞机是最安全的交通方式。分析句子成分可知,本句为主语从句的连接词,主语从句谓语动词show之后缺少宾语,表示物,所以用what。故填what。
    85.【testing】考查非谓语动词。句意:《新闻周刊》对每1亿英里交通工具的死亡人数进行了调查,结果显示,汽车死亡人数为0.94人,火车死亡人数为0.04人,飞机和公共汽车死亡人数一样,都为0.01人。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语,和被修饰词a Newsweek magazine study之间存在主动关系,所以用现在分词形式。故填testing。
    86.【the】考查冠词。句意:《新闻周刊》对每1亿英里交通工具的死亡人数进行了调查,结果显示,汽车死亡人数为0.94人,火车死亡人数为0.04人,飞机和公共汽车死亡人数一样,都为0.01人。same前用定冠词the,构成固定结构the same with“和……一样”。故填the。
    87.【frequency】考查名词。句意:当你看到这些数据时,也许你会担心空难的频率,但实际上只有一小部分空难涉及到死亡。根据空前的the可知,空处为名词形式。故填frequency。
    88.【but】考查连词。句意:当你看到这些数据时,也许你会担心空难的频率,但实际上只有一小部分空难涉及到死亡。空前“也许你会担心空难的频率”和空后“实际上只有一小部分空难涉及到死亡。”存在转折关系,所以用转折连词but。故填but。
    89.【involved】考查非谓语动词。句意:另一方面,当飞机失事时,通常会有相当大的生命损失。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语,和被修饰词a fairly large loss of life之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词形式。故填involved。
    90.【probably】考查副词。句意:几乎每一次空难都可能成为世界上几乎所有报纸的头版头条。担当句子的状语,用副词形式。故填probably。
    10、(2023辽宁省高三上学期一轮复习联考试题)
    According to a report on the traditional culture trend in 2021,____91____(release) on Feb. 3 by Bilibili, an online video–sharing platform popular among younger people, more than 177 million of the platform’s users were in favor of____92____(video) featuring traditional culture.
    That approval reflected the way the “China Chic” (中国风) phenomenon has been____93____(warm) embraced by the younger generation in recent years.
    China Chic, or guochao, features fancy designs mixed____94____elements from traditional culture. It became widely known in 2018 after the sportswear brand Li–Ning took the fashion world by storm with its oriental–style designs at New York Fashion Week. That led to____95____increasing number of Chinese brands joining the trend and creating a wave of China Chic.
    China Chic has changed from a consumption trend to a cultural phenomenon. The 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing can be seen as a good example of____96____young people have embraced China Chic. Young athletes ____97____(wear) sports clothing bearing Chinese elements, such as dragons and pandas.
    China Chic expresses traditional culture with the language of pop culture, bringing it____98____(close) to young people and making it more acceptable to them. Eager to show their personalities to the world, young people find national identity a good way to distinguish____99____(they) from others, and culture is the perfect medium____100____(explain) why young people are passionate about traditional culture.
    【语篇解读】
    本文是一篇说明文。文章通过分析和举例说明了“中国风”现象受到了年轻一代的热烈欢迎。
    【详情解析】
    91.【released】考查非谓语动词。句意:在年轻人中很受欢迎的在线视频分享平台哔哩哔哩2月3日发布的《2021年传统文化趋势报告》显示,该平台超过1.77亿用户喜欢传统文化视频。句中谓语是were,空格处用非谓语动词,report和release之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,故填released。
    92.【videos】考查名词的复数。句意:在年轻人中很受欢迎的在线视频分享平台哔哩哔哩2月3日发布的《2021年传统文化趋势报告》显示,该平台超过1.77亿用户喜欢传统文化视频。video是可数名词,不止一个,因此空格处用复数videos,故填videos。
    93.【warmly】考查副词。句意:这种认可反映了“中国风”现象近年来受到年轻一代的热烈欢迎。空格处用副词warmly修饰动词embraced,warmly意为“热烈地”,故填warmly。
    94.【with】考查介词。句意:“中国风”的特点是花哨的设计与传统文化元素相结合。mix... with为固定短语,表示“与……融合”,因此空格处是介词with,故填with。
    95.【an】考查冠词。句意:这导致越来越多的中国品牌加入这一潮流,并创造了一波中国风。an increasing number of意为“越来越多的”,表故填an。
    96.【how】考查宾语从句。句意:2022年北京冬奥会可以被视为年轻人接受中国风的一个很好的例子。空格处引导的是宾语从句,从句中不缺成分,根据语境可知,句子表示“2022年北京冬奥会可以被视为年轻人是如何接受中国风的一个很好的例子”,空格处意为“如何”,用how引导宾语从句,故填how。
    97.【wore】考查时态。句意:年轻的运动员穿着带有中国元素的运动服,比如龙和熊猫。句子描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,空格处用过去式wore,故填wore。
    98.【closer】考查比较级。句意:China Chic用流行文化的语言表达传统文化,让传统文化更贴近年轻人,更容易被年轻人接受。由“more acceptable”可知,空格处用比较级closer,故填closer。
    99.【themselves】考查反身代词。句意:年轻人渴望向世界展示自己的个性,他们发现国家身份是区分自己和他人的好方法,而文化是解释为什么年轻人对传统文化充满热情的完美媒介。分析句子可知,空处为宾语,由句意可知,主语young people与宾语为同一人群,所以此处用反身代词themselves作宾语。故填themselves。
    100.【to explain】考查非谓语动词。句意:年轻人渴望向世界展示自己的个性,他们发现国家身份是区分自己和他人的好方法,而文化是解释为什么年轻人对传统文化充满热情的完美媒介。分析句子可知,此处用动词不定式作后置定语,修饰前面的名词medium。故填to explain。









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