高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题21完形填空之说明文（含解析）

这是一份高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题21完形填空之说明文（含解析），共34页。试卷主要包含了选材特点，smthly frm her，mtrway等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题21 完形填空之说明文

说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空多用一般现在时，其语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述，其主题明确，层次分明。高考说明文类完形填空往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象，从而为同学们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
解题要领
内容解读
明确说明对象，理清段落关系。
通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。
弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。
在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意图。



2022年
新高考

体裁
主题内容
考点发布
I卷
记叙文
介绍旅行经历
动词4 名词5介词短语2
形容词、副词4
II卷
记叙文
环球旅行
动词4 名词7 形容词4
全国卷
乙卷
说明文
孩子们捉迷藏时坚持相互承认和尊重
动词7 名词 7 形容词4
副词2 动词短语1
甲卷
记叙文
讲述了两个爱狗人士是怎么从相知、相爱到相伴的
动词9 名词6 形容词3
副词1 介词短语1

2021年
新高考
I卷
记叙文
介绍第一次暑期打工的经历
动词8 名词4 形容词2
介词短语1
II卷
记叙文
警察破案
动词6 名词7 形容词2
全国卷
乙卷
夹叙夹议
女患者表达感激之情
动词9 名词7 形容词1
副词2动词短语1
甲卷
记叙文
作者住酒店的经历
动词10 名词5 形容词4
副词1

命题专家谈高考
1.选材特点
完形填空的体裁主要以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，主题语境包括人与自我、人与社会及人与自然，选材都是积极向上、充满正能量的文章，倡导至真至善至美的价值观。
2．考查特点
主要考查实词。一般情况下，名词和动词(短语)考查的数量在2/3以上。在能力方面着重考查考生的词汇运用能力、阅读理解能力、分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力和跨文化交际能力。
3．新高考新变化
(1)文章长度：200词左右，较以往20空完形填空有所减短。
(2)空格设置：由原来的20空变为15个空，分值也大大降低，由以往的30分降为15分。



技法七　依常识，定答案
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地作出正确判断。
(1)、生活常识
真题体验1　(2019·全国Ⅰ)
Above 4,000 meters is the highland 57 ：gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks.58.Finally you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
57．A.village B．desert
C．road D．lake
答案　B
解析　根据空后的“gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks”可知，海拔4 000米以上是高原沙漠：砾石、石头和岩石。village村庄；desert沙漠；road道路；lake湖泊。
59．A.permanent B．little
C．fresh D．artificial
答案　A
解析　最后你会爬进一个像北极一样的地带，那里终年积雪，冰川可能很快就会消失。permanent永久的，永恒的；little小的；fresh新鲜的；artificial人造的，人工的。
真题体验2　(2021·全国乙)
One afternoon，while 45.attempting to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was 46.eventually discovered to be a heart attack.The collapse was disastrous， 47 the emergency medical team and good teamwork.
47．A.assessing B．requiring
C．forming D．proving
答案　B
解析　assess评估；require要求，需要；form形成；prove证明。病人跌倒需要救治是生活常识。
(2)、文化背景
真题体验3　(天津)
Roberta appeared on the stage.She took a deep breath and began to 16.speak.Now she was Portia，a strong-willed 17 in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice.The theatre was filled with people.She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced，the words flowing 18.smoothly from her.
17．A.member B．actress
C．player D．character
答案　D
解析　表示小说或戏剧等中的“人物”或“角色”，用character。故选D。
技法八　破难句，解句意
完形填空的文章中会出现一些长句或难句，而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析，准确理解句意，明确所填选项在句中的语法功能，从而做出正确判断。第7、8题便是一个长难句。
真题体验　(2021·天津3月)
For Pruitt，a keen bicyclist，the first thing to do was 19.replace his stolen bike.But when he went bike shopping，he found few available，which got him thinking: What if the 20 of bikes was COVID-19 related，and what if the person who’d taken his bike really needed 21 to get to work?
20．A.lack B．variety
C．increase D．quality
答案　A
解析　lack缺乏；variety多样性；increase增加；quality质量。句意为：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与COVID-19有关，如果骑他的自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？根据上文“he found few available”可知商店里缺少自行车。
21．A.instruction B．qualification
C．transportation D．permission
答案　C
解析　instruction指令；qualification资格；transportation运输工具；permission允许。根据前后文“needed...to get to work”可知，Pruitt猜测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。
技法九　巧排除，降难度
在掌握文章大意和细节的前提下，考生可以通过试填试题中的选项选出最吻合语境、最衔接语义的选项，这种解题方法被称为“排除错项”。
真题体验　(2020·浙江)
...the tractor heading towards the 44.motorway.I ran desperately but failed to 45 .It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.
45．A.take off B．catch up
C．hold back D．get out
答案　B
解析　根据上文的“ran desperately”和下文的拖拉机冲过一个木栅栏然后就不见了可知，作者没能追上(catch up)它。take off起飞；hold back抑制；get out出去。
技法十　由熟词，知生义
一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考不断出现的词汇活用现象。备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词生僻意义。
真题体验1　(2021·浙江)
My mother is 92.Unless I have to be out of town，each week I take my mother to do her 36.shopping and visit the doctor，providing 37 and transportation.During the week，however，she likes to go to a nearby store to 38.buy some small things she needs.
37．A.reward B．medicine
C．company D．shelter
答案　C
解析　reward报酬，奖赏；medicine药物；company公司，陪伴；shelter躲避处，避难所。根据文章首句“My mother is 92.”可知，作者的母亲年事已高，作者会陪着母亲去购物、去看医生。company本义是“公司”，此处是“陪伴”的意思。
真题体验2　(2021·全国甲)
“I have 55.matured and I admit responsibility for my 56.actions，” he said in the letter.“I come to you， 57 ，to apologize for the damage I had 58.indirectly caused and to ask you to 59.reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
His letter 60 .Banned from the hotel since 2001，Burchill is now welcome to come back，the Fairmont said.
57．A.hands in pockets B．nose in the air
C．hat in hand D．feet on the ground
答案　C
解析　hands in pockets两手插兜；nose in the air目中无人；hat in hand毕恭毕敬地；feet on the ground脚踏实地。句意为：我现在郑重地为我间接造成的损失向你道歉，并请你重新考虑我终身禁止入住该酒店的问题。
60．A.arrived B．worked
C．ended D．disappeared
答案　B
解析　arrive到达；work工作，起作用；end结束；disappear消失。句意为：他的信起了作用。根据下文“Burchill is now welcome to come back”可知，酒店现在欢迎Burchill入住酒店，说明酒店终身禁止他入住的问题解决了，即他的道歉信起作用了。 work本义是“工作”，此处是“起作用”的意思。


精做高考真题
1、 （2022·全国·高考乙卷）
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about ___1___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___2___ at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___3___.
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___4___ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ___5___ research results in child developmental psychology ___6___ that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC．Each ___7___ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___8___. We then asked the child if she could ___9___ or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same _____10_____ happened when the adult covered her own mouth: _____11_____ children said that they couldn’t _____12_____ to her.
A number of _____13_____ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects _____14_____ the questions and knew _____15_____ what was asked of them. Their _____16_____ to the questions reflected their true _____17_____ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply _____18_____ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our _____19_____ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _____20_____ when others use it.
1．A．following B．taking C．escaping D．directing
2．A．clever B．bad C．scared D．quick
3．A．exposed B．examined C．untouched D．imbalanced
4．A．supported B．guaranteed C．imagined D．interpreted
5．A．disappointing B．mixed C．surprising D．desired
6．A．explained B．confirmed C．contradicted D．tested
7．A．parent B．child C．researcher D．doctor
8．A．feet B．nose C．hands D．ears
9．A．see B．help C．reach D．fool
10．A．event B．thing C．action D．accident
11．A．Yet B．Now C．Soon D．Once
12．A．speak B．listen C．turn D．wave
13．A．instructions B．descriptions C．experiments D．assumptions
14．A．comprehended B．predicted C．explored D．ignored
15．A．partly B．honestly C．vaguely D．exactly
16．A．responses B．approaches C．contribution D．sensitivity
17．A．ability B．belief C．identity D．purpose
18．A．hold back B．relate to C．insist on D．make up
19．A．limitations B．requirements C．theories D．findings
20．A．tentative B．impressive C．creative D．effective
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
【详情解析】
1．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. following跟随；B. taking取走；C. escaping避开；D. directing指导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”（全球的孩子们享受玩捉迷藏的游戏）可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C项。
2．【B】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明的；B. bad不擅长的；C. scared害怕的；D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”（他们通常只是用手盖住自己的眼睛，身体的其他部分露在外面）可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。
3．【A】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed无遮蔽的；B. examined已检查过的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies” （他们通常只是用手盖住自己的眼睛，身体的其他部分露在外面）可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A项。
4．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supported支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interpreted解释。根据本句中的that从句内容“evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”并结合上文语境可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。
5．【C】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. mixed混合的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. desired渴望的。根据下文“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.”（我们的19 建议当一个孩子用毯子盖住头来隐藏时，这并不是自我中心的结果）可知，研究结果与之前孩子们自我中心的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C项。
6．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained解释；B. confirmed证实；C. contradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。根据下文“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 20 _ when others use it.”（我们的19 建议当一个孩子用毯子盖住头来隐藏时，这并不是自我中心的结果）可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C项。
7．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent父母亲；B. child儿童；C. researcher研究员；D. doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”（我们把一些2到4岁的孩子带到我们在USC的思维发展实验室）可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。
8．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet脚；B. nose鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。根据下文“We then asked the child if she could 　　9　　 or or hear the adult”（我们之后问孩子是否能或者听到大人的声音）可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。
9．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see看见；B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fool欺骗。根据上文“Each 　　7　　 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 　　8　　.”（每个孩子和遮住了眼睛和耳朵的大人坐在一起）可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。
10．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. event大事；B. thing事情；C. action行动；D. accident事故。根据下文“children said that they couldn’t _12_ to her.” (此刻孩子们说他们不能和她_12_)可知，发生了与前面孩子们不能看见大人类似的事情，即孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B项。
11．【B】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet然而；B. Now此刻；C. Soon很快；D. Once一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，此刻孩子们说不能和成年人说话了，强调当下。故选B项。
12．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak说；B. listen听；C. turn转；D. wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth” (大人的嘴巴被盖住了)可知，由于盖住的是嘴巴，因此同样的事情则是孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选A项。
13．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions命令；B. descriptions说明；C. experiments实验；D. assumptions假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C项。
14．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. comprehended理解；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽略。根据下文“ and knew _15_ what was asked of them”（我们年轻的主人公们理解了问题并且知道自己被问了什么）可知，只有先理解了才能能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。
15．【D】考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. partly部分地；B. honestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. exactly确切地。根据下文“Their 16 to the questions reflected their true _17_ ”(他们的 16 反映了他们真实的_17_)可知，只有确切地知道自己被问了什么，才能说他们的答案反映他们真实的看法。故选D项。
16．【A】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据上文可知，正是通过对孩子们进行提问来进行的，孩子们自然要对问题做出回答和回应可知，此处指孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。
17．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability能力；B. belief看法；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。根据上下文可知这个在思维实验室进行的实验的目的正是为了研究孩子们的思维方式，通过回答与大人的互动有关的问题，他们的回答反映的他们的真正的看法。故选B项。
18．【C】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”（只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你）可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。
19．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations限制；B. requirements必要条件；C. theories理论；D. findings检验发现。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”（我们把一些2到4岁的孩子带到我们在USC的思维发展实验室）可知，结合前文讲了实验的一些经过可知，此处表示实验的研究发现，故选D项。
20．【D】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative实验性的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“They simply 18 mutual recognition and regard.”（他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重）可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，他们自己使用这种方法，所以当其他人也使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。
2、（2018·上海·高考真题）
When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates. __21__, they stick to G-rated activities such as rock- climbing or talking about books.
They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into __22__. The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous (急剧的) __23__ in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.
To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the __24__ have slimmed considerably. Teens have also reported a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades, as the portion of high school students who have had sex fell from 54 percent in 1991 to 41 percent in 2015, according to Centers for Disease Control statistics. u People say, 'Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring, ' but they're __25__ the larger trend," said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less __26__ in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today's society, they no longer need to.
According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's "life strategy" slows down or speeds up depending on his or her __27__, exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the __28__ effect, the study said. In the first __29__, "You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more __30__and fewer resources, " said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of "iGen： Why Today's Super- Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy-and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood."
In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more __31__ about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for “ establishing mate value based on procurement of resources," the study said. But America is shifting more toward the __32__model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. uEven in families whose parents didn't have a college education. . . families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully  __33__ has really sunk in. ‘‘ The __34__of 41 adult activities'' could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurriculars as they did in the 1990 s (with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the __35__, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said.
21．A．Therefore B．Rather C．Moreover D．Besides
22．A．childhood B．neighborhood C．adolescents D．adulthood
23．A．escapes B．ends C．decreases D．changes
24．A．minorities B．majorities C．masses D．amounts
25．A．taking B．avoiding C．sending D．missing
26．A．interested B．envied C．relieved D．realized
27．A．emotions B．surroundings C．customs D．habits
28．A．wrong B．same C．opposite D．similar
29．A．event B．issue C．case D．occasion
30．A．trouble B．questions C．benefits D．diseases
31．A．respectively B．delicately C．seriously D．considerably
32．A．slower B．better C．smaller D．faster
33．A．emphasized B．related C．organized D．educated
34．A．implement B．postponement C．achievement D．payment
35．A．cause B．impact C．fact D．result
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为什么在美国现在越来越少的青少年推迟那些长期被视为成人仪式的活动，主要的原因还是在于生活模式的不同。
【详情解析】
21．【B】考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们坚持做G级活动，如攀岩或谈论书籍。A. Therefore因此；B. Rather相反；C. Moreover而且；D. Besides另外。此处参加G级活动“攀岩或谈论书籍”与前文“they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates（他们不会喝啤酒，也不会和约会对象开着车到处兜风）”前后转折。故选B项。
22．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项新的研究显示，青少年越来越推迟那些长期以来被视为成年仪式的活动。A. childhood童年；B. neighborhood邻居；C. adolescents青少年；D. adulthood成年。根据下文“The  ___34___ of “ adult activities”” 可知，此处为“成年仪式的活动”。故选D项。
23．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意：周二发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的研究发现，自1976年以来，美国青少年中有驾照、试过酒、约会和打工的比例急剧下降，在过去十年中降幅最大。A. escapes逃跑；B. ends结束；C. decreases减少；下降；D. changes变化。根据下文“The declines appeared”可知，此处为“比例下降”。故选C项。
24．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：可以肯定的是，超过一半的青少年仍在从事这些活动，但大多数人已大幅减少。A. minorities少数；B. majorities多数；C. masses大量；D. amounts金额。根据空前“To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities（可以肯定的是，超过一半的青少年仍然从事这些活动）”，在结合“but”可知，前后为转折关系，可以推断，此处应指“大多数”已经大幅减少了。故选B项。
25．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们说，“哦，这是因为青少年更负责任、更懒惰、更无聊”，但是他们没有看到这个更大的趋势。A. taking采用；B. avoiding避免；C. sending发送；D. missing错过。根据后文指明更大趋势是“because in today's society, they no longer need to（因为在今天的社会，他们不再需要这样做了）”可知，此空前后都是分析原因，故此处为人们“忽略”了更大趋势。故选D项。
26．【A】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，她说，孩子们可能对约会、开车或找工作等活动不太感兴趣，因为在当今社会，他们不再需要这样做。A. interested感兴趣的；B. envied羡慕的；C. relieved解除；D. realized实现。根据前文“the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous decreases in the past decade.（自1976年以来，美国青少年中有驾照、试过酒、约会和打工的比例直线下降，在过去十年中降幅最大。）”可以推断，此处应为“青少年可能对约会、开车或找工作等活动不太感兴趣”，且“be interested in”意为“对……感兴趣”，是固定搭配。故选A项。
27．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据进化心理学理论研究称，一个人的“生活策略”会根据他或她的环境放慢或加快，暴露在“恶劣和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展，而资源更丰富和安全的环境则会产生相反的效果。A. emotions情绪；B. surroundings周围环境；C. customs风俗；D. habits习惯。根据后文“exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development（暴露在“严酷和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展）”可以推断，此处为“一个人的“生活策略”会根据他或她的环境放慢或加快”。故选B项。
28．【C】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据进化心理学理论研究称，一个人的“生活策略”会根据他或她的环境放慢或加快，暴露在“恶劣和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展，而资源更丰富和安全的环境则会产生相反的效果。A. wrong错误的；B. same相同的；C. opposite对面的；D. similar类似的。前文“a "harsh and unpredictable" environment（“严酷和不可预测的”环境）”与“ a more resource-rich and secure environment （资源更丰富和安全的环境）”形成对比，可以推断，此处为“产生相反的效果”。故选C项。
29．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在第一种情况下，你会有很多孩子，处于生存模式中。A. event事件；B. issue发行；C.  case案例，情况；D. occasion场合。根据后文“fewer resources（更少的资源）”可知，此句是对第一种情况“恶劣和不可预测的环境”的举例，故此处应指“第一种情况”。故选C项。
30．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：会有更多的疾病和更少的资源。A. trouble麻烦；B. questions问题；C. benefits好处；D. diseases疾病。此处是对第一种情况“恶劣和不可预测的环境发展”的举例，应与“fewer resources（更少的资源）”并列，突出环境的恶劣和不可预测，可以推断，此处为“更多的疾病”。故选D项。
31．【C】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在这种模式下，十几岁的男孩可能会更认真地考虑结婚问题，研究称，开车和打工对于“在获取资源的基础上建立配偶价值”很重要。A. respectively分别；B. delicately精致地；C. seriously认真地；D. considerably相当大。根据前文“exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development（暴露在“严酷和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展）”，且此处为在恶劣和不可预测环境的情况，可以推断，此处应为“更认真地考虑结婚问题”。故选C项。
32．【A】考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：特温格说，但美国正在更多地转向较慢的经济模式，而且这种变化在各个社会经济阶层都很明显。A. slower慢一点；B. better更好；C. smaller较小；D. faster更快。上文是发展快的例子，结合空前“But America is shifting more toward”可知，美国人开始转变了，前后转折，与上文“发展快”是相反的情况，可以推断，此处为“美国正在更多地转向较慢的经济模式”。故选A项。
33．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：家庭变小了，孩子需要被仔细教育的观念已经深入人心。A. emphasized强调；B. related相关；C. organized组织；D. educated教育。根据前文“Even in families whose parents didn't have a college education（即使是在父母没有接受过大学教育的家庭）”可以推断，此处应表示“即使在父母没有接受过大学教育的家庭里，仍然重视教育”。故选D项。
34．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“成人活动”的推迟不能归因于更多的作业或课外活动。A. implement实施；B. postponement延期；C. achievement 成就；D. payment付款。根据前文“teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into adulthood.（青少年越来越推迟那些长期以来被视为成年仪式的活动。）”可以推断，此处为“成人活动的推迟”。故选B项。
35．【A】考查名词词义辨析。句意：报告称，智能手机和互联网的使用也不完全是原因，因为智能手机和互联网的使用在普及之前就已经开始减少了。A. cause原因；B. impact影响；C. fact事实；D. result结果。根据前文“could not be attributed to”可知，此处讲的是“成人活动推迟的原因”。故选A项。
3、（2014·上海·高考真题）
Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple _36_.
Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we  _37_ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult _38_ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.
So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural _39_, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really _40_issues.
Dunbar _41_ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar— _42_, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.
Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the _43_ of the higher primates(灵长类动物)like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or_44_from outside it.
As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __45__ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the ___46___ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to  __47__ the pressure and calm everybody down.
But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be__48__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __49__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal(有声的)grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one__50__ contact.
36．A．claim B．description C．gossip D．language
37．A．occasionally B．habitually C．independently D．originally
38．A．social B．political C．historical D．cultural
39．A．admirers B．masters C．users D．wasters
40．A．vital B．sensitive C．ideal D．difficult
41．A．confirms B．rejects C．outlines D．broadens
42．A．for instance B．in addition C．on the contrary D．as a result
43．A．motivation B．appearance C．emotion D．behaviour
44．A．attack B．contact C．inspection D．assistance
45．A．recalls B．denies C．concludes D．confesses
46．A．prospect B．responsibility C．leadership D．protection
47．A．measure B．show C．maintain D．ease
48．A．saved B．extended C．consumed D．gained
49．A．common B．efficient C．scientific D．Thoughtful
50．A．indirect B．daily C．physical D．secret

【语篇解读】
本文是说明文。研究表明人们的语言大多数不是重大的话题讨论和研究，而很多是闲言碎语，这些闲言碎语是不是浪费时间呢，Robin Dunbar教授不是这样认为的，他认为闲言碎语是非常重要的，是人类发展过程中非常重要的交流形式。
【详情解析】
36．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，人类谈话的三分之二不是关于当今的文化或政治问题，也不是关于我们刚刚看过的电影或刚读完的书的激烈辩论，而是简单明了的闲话。A.宣称,B.描述，C.闲话，D.语言，根据“ not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple ”可知，我们人类的大多数对话不是文化的，政治的问题，也不是关于电影和树的讨论，而就是简单的闲言碎语，下文多次出现gossip这个词，所以选C。
37．【B】考查副词词义辨析。句意：语言是我们做为一个物种的最伟大的财宝，我们习惯怎么使用它？A.偶然地，B.习惯地，C.独立地，D.最初地，根据“We gossip. ”,得知，前面是提问我们习惯怎么使用它？所以选B。
38．【A】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：关于他人的行为和私人生活，比如谁和谁做了什么，谁在里面，谁在外面，以及为什么；如何处理涉及孩子、爱人和同事的困难情况。A.社交的，B.政治的，C.历史的，D.文化的，根据下文“involving children, lovers, and colleagues.”包括孩子，爱人和同事这些都是社会形势，所以选A。
39．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为我们是时间和语言的浪费者吗？。A.仰慕者，B.主人，C.使用者，D.浪费者，根据上文“So why are we keen on gossiping?”我们为什么喜欢说些闲言碎语，是浪费时间和语言的人。所以选D。
40．【A】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这位心理学家在他的新书《修饰、八卦和语言的进化》中说，八卦是其中一个真正的问题。A.至关重要的，B.敏感的，C.理想的，D.困难的，根据上文“It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar.”可知，Robin Dunbar教授不认为我们是浪费时间，而认为闲言碎语是最重要的事情，所以选A。
41．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dunbar教授是反对传统的关于语言是在人类社会发展初期在组织打猎的时候发展起来的这个观点。A.证实，B.反对，C. 概述，略述，画轮廓，打草图D.拓宽，根据“ Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. ”可知，Robin Dunbar教授是反对传统观点的，所以选B。
42．【C】考查词组词义辨析。句意：邓巴认为，我们不会因为会说话而花三分之二的时间八卦，语言是专门进化来让我们八卦的。A.例如，B.此外，C.相反的，D.因此，根据“We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk,”可知，前后表示转折，正相反的是，语言进化是让我们说些闲言碎语的，所以选C。
43．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：邓巴是通过研究像猴子这样更高的灵长类动物的行为得到他的理论的。A.动机，B.外表，出现，C. 情感，D.行为，根据下文的“By means of grooming”可知，教授是通过研究灵长类动物的行为得出这个令人高兴的理论的，所以选D。
44．【A】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过刷毛来清洁毛发，猴子与其他个体组成群体，当群体内或群体外发生冲突时，它们可以依靠这些个体来寻求支持。A.进攻，B.联系，C.视察，D.帮助，根据“ in the event of some kind of conflict within the group”的conflict可知，猴子和其他的个体形成群体来获得在内部冲突事件中或来自外界的进攻时的支持，所以选A。
45．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意：教授下结论说，我们在历史上做过相似的事情，。A.回想，B.否认，C.下结论，结束，D. 承认，聆听（某人的）忏悔，我们在历史上做过相似的事情，这是教授下的结论，所以选C。
46．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：分组是有意义的，因为群体越大，它提供的保护就越大;另一方面，群体越大，与他人生活在一起的压力就越大。A. 前景，期望，眺望处，景象，B.责任，C.领导，D.保护，根据下文“on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others.”可知，因为群体越大，获得的保护就越大，所以选D。
47．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：梳理毛发可以缓解压力，让每个人都冷静下来。A.衡量，B.展示，C.保持，D.缓解，根据上文“on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others.”群体越大，生活在一起的压力就越大，梳理毛发可以缓解压力，所以选D。
48．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着群体越来越大，花在打扮上的时间就要延长来维持它的效果。A.拯救，B.延伸，延长，C.消费，消耗，D.获得，根据“But as the groups got bigger and bigger,”得知，随着群体越来越大，花在打扮上的时间就要延长，所以选B。
49．【B】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很明显，需要一个更加有效的梳理毛发。A.常见的，普遍的，B.有效的，C.科学的，D.考虑周到的，根据上文“ to maintain its effectiveness. ”的effectiveness可知这里是需要一个更加有效的梳理毛发。所以选B。
50．【C】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：语言演变成了有声的梳理毛发，通过在更广泛的个人网络上交换信息，而不是通过一对一的身体接触，这样可以和更大的群体发展关系。A.间接的，B.日常的，C.物理的，身体的，D.秘密的，根据“By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, ”得知，梳理毛发需要身体接触的，所以选C。
　挑战名校考题
1、 （2023届湖北省十堰市联合体高三上学期期中联考试题）
I am very lucky because I enjoy my work very much. I’m a fitness instructor at a gym near where I live. I ____1____six aerobics(有氧运动) classes a week and also tell my students about ____2____ and nutrition. As they say, “You are what you ____3____ .”
To be honest, I worry about the ____4____ that many people have today. So many people are overweight. Because they eat the ____5____ foods and they don’t do any exercise. When you work in an office all day, I know it is difficult to find ____6____ to keep fit, but you only need to do 20 minutes a day!
It’s also very important to have a ____7____ diet, starting with breakfast in the morning. It’s not a good idea to ____8____ breakfast although many of us just have a cup of tea or coffee. Eat as much ____9____ food as possible — lots of fruit and vegetables — and ____10____ not to eat too much fried food.
One ____11____ why a lot of people feel less than 100% fit is that they don’t drink enough water. You need to drink two liters(升) a day — and water  ____12____ water, not tea, coffee or sugary drinks.
Keeping fit is fun. However, a lot of people think it’s boring to go jogging or cycling. They just want to ____13____ their food. Well, of course, it’s fine to have cakes and ice cream, but not every day! I would say we like what our bodies ____14____ and if you eat more healthy food, over time, you might find yourself wanting to eat them more than anything else. Try it, I think you’ll be ____15____!
1．A．design B．teach C．share D．choose
2．A．taste B．cooking C．health D．wealth
3．A．eat B．wear C．speak D．think
4．A．idea B．habit C．diet D．goal
5．A．cheap B．proper C．delicious D．wrong
6．A．space B．money C．time D．courage
7．A．special B．poor C．simple D．balanced
8．A．make B．miss C．get D．order
9．A．fresh B．dried C．fast D．expensive
10．A．promise B．beg C．decide D．try
11．A．reason B．excuse C．result D．opinion
12．A．means B．includes C．needs D．produces
13．A．enjoy B．show C．prepare D．research
14．A．settle down to B．are buried in C．are made of D．are used to
15．A．moved B．surprised C．troubled D．worried
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。作为健身教练，作者建议人们均衡饮食，多吃新鲜健康的食物，每天都要锻炼，这样才能保持健康。
【详情解析】
1．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我每周教六节有氧运动课，也给学生讲解健康和营养方面的知识。A. design设计；B. teach教；C. share分享；D. choose选择。根据前一句“I’m a fitness instructor at a gym near where I live.(我是我家附近一家健身房的健身教练)”可知，作者在健身房里当健身教练。由此可知，作者应是每周教六节有氧运动课。故选B。
2．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. taste味道；B. cooking烹饪；C. health健康；D. wealth财富。根据常识及语境可知，作者作为健身教练，应是告诉他的学生关于健康和营养的知识。故选C。
3．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如他们所说，“你吃什么就像什么。”A. eat吃；B. wear穿着，戴着；C. speak说话；D. think故思考，认为。根据下文“Because they eat the ____5____ foods and they don’t do any exercise.”可知，本文主要讲述的是关于饮食的问题，故此处表达的是，人们普遍认为：你吃什么，你就是什么样。故选A。
4．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我担心现在很多人的饮食。A. idea主意，想法；B. habit习惯；C. diet饮食；D. goal目标。根据下文“Because they eat the ____5____ foods and they don’t do any exercise.”可知，人们饮食不当，缺乏锻炼，从而导致发胖。由此可知，此处表达的是，作者担心很多人的饮食。故选C。
5．【D】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为他们吃错误的食物，他们不做任何锻炼。A. cheap便宜的；B. proper合适的；C. delicious美味的；D. wrong错误的。根据上文的“So many people are overweight.(很多人超重)”可知，人们饮食不当并且不锻炼是超重的原因。故选D。
6．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你整天在办公室工作时，我知道很难找到时间来保持健康，但你每天只需要做20分钟！A. space空间；B. money钱；C. time时间；D. courage勇气。据空前的“When you work in an office all day”及空后的“you only need to do 20 minutes a day”可知，作者认为人们一天需要锻炼20分钟，由此可知，这里是说如果你在办公室工作一整天，那么，你很难找到时间（健身来）保持健康。故选C。
7．【D】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：均衡的饮食也很重要，从早上的早餐开始。A. special特殊的；B. poor贫穷的，差的；C. simple简单的；D. balanced平衡的。由下文的“starting with breakfast in the morning”和“Eat as much ____9____ food as possible — lots of fruit and vegetables”可知，要吃早餐，吃很多水果和蔬菜，所以此处表达的是均衡的饮食也是很重要的。故选D。
8．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不吃早餐不是个好主意，虽然我们很多人只喝一杯茶或咖啡。A. make制作；B. miss错过；C. get得到，到达；D. order订购，命令。根据空后的让步状语从句“although many of us just have a cup of tea or coffee”可知，此处是指不吃早餐不好。miss 意为“错过”，符合语境。故选B。
9．【A】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：吃尽可能多的新鲜食物——大量的水果和蔬菜——尽量不要吃太多油炸食品。A. fresh新鲜的；B. dried干的；C. fast快速的；D. expensive昂贵的。根据后文的“fruit and vegetables”及“not to eat too much fried food”可知，此处作者建议人们尽可能多吃新鲜的食物。故选A。
10．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. promise承诺；B. beg恳求；C. decide决定；D. try试图，努力。根据语境可知，作者建议吃新鲜食物，尽量不要吃太多油炸食品。故选D。
11．【A】考查名词词义辨析。句意：很多人觉得自己不是100%健康的一个理由是他们没有喝足够的水。A. reason原因；B. excuse借口；C. result借口；D. opinion观点。根据下文对饮水的介绍可知，此处表达的是人们不够健康的其中一个原因。故选A。
12．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你需要每天喝两升水——水就是水，不是茶、咖啡或含糖饮料。A. means意味着；B. includes包括；C. needs需要；D. produces生产。根据语境及常识，尤其是后文的 “not tea, coffee or sugary drinks”可知，此处表达的是，水就是水，不是指茶、咖啡或含糖饮料。故选A。
13．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们只是想享受他们的食物。A. enjoy享受，喜欢；B. show展示；C. prepare准备；D. research研究。根据“it’s fine to have cakes and ice cream(吃蛋糕和冰淇淋是可以的)”可知，此处表达的是，很多人不想锻炼，他们只想享受他们的食物。故选A。
14．【D】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想说的是，我们喜欢我们的身体习惯的东西，如果你吃更多的健康食品，随着时间的推移，你可能会发现自己更想吃它们。A. settle down to开始专心于；B. are buried in专心于；C. are made of由……制成；D. are used to习惯于。由空后的“if you eat more healthy food, over time, you might find yourself wanting to eat them more than anything else”可知，如果你吃更多健康的食物，随着时间的推移，你可能会发现相比于其他任何东西，自己更想吃健康的食物。设空处表达的是，我们喜欢吃我们的身体已经习惯的东西。故选D。
15．【B】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：试试它，我想你会感到惊讶的。A. moved感动的； B. surprised惊讶的；C. troubled麻烦的；D. worried担心的。根据语境可知，此处表示如果你吃更多健康的食物，假以时日，你会发现自己更想吃健康食物。尝试一下吧，你会感到惊讶的！故选B。
2、（2023届安徽省江淮十校高三上学期第二次联考）
Have you heard of the save soil movement? It was ____16____ by Sadhguru, and he started a 100-day motorcycle journey starting from London and passing through 27 nations, including Europe, Central Asia, and the Middle East.
The efforts of Sadhguru have ____17____ the worldwide recognition of this movement. Sadhguru traveled to various international ____18____ on his bike as part of his save soil movement. The world acknowledges his ____19____ to save soil for the upcoming generation.
The movement aims to ____20____ the soil crisis in every part of the earth. The world has finally realized, and attention is being paid to the horrible statistics of the land quality and soil. This movement was started to stop the soil from further damage and is now receiving encouraging ____21____ in every corner of our planet.
The main motive of the campaign was to bring together people from all around the world to protect the soil’s health. Sadhguru has become ____22____ in just a period of 3 months as his movement Save Soil has become a global phenomenon and is now under the spotlight. Sadhguru’s efforts have created ____23____ not only in one region but in every part of the world. The ____24____ recognized movement is _____25_____ all individuals from all states to save the deterioration (恶化) of soil health for the future generation. Without healthy soil, human life is impossible, and with the _____26_____ climate changes, spending life on planet earth can become challenging for future generations. _____27_____, an initiative like saving soil was needed to _____28_____ the health of our upcoming generation.
Sadhguru is also the author of the New York Times bestseller Inner Engineering: A Yogi’s Guide to Joy. He has been a(n) _____29_____ voice and is now using his fame for a better cause. The success of the event will lay out several benefits to the world. From providing a more stable livelihood (生计) to the farmers to offering our upcoming generations healthier food and a safer and cleaner environment, healthy _____30_____ can do it all.
16．A．launched B．sponsored C．experienced D．commanded
17．A．resulted in B．originated from C．paid back D．reacted to
18．A．airports B．companies C．conferences D．locations
19．A．abilities B．struggles C．characters D．requests
20．A．transform B．address C．drag D．confirm
21．A．messages B．responses C．proposals D．positions
22．A．exhausted B．ambitious C．successful D．confident
23．A．improvement B．awareness C．imagination D．standard
24．A．locally B．individually C．nationally D．globally
25．A．urging B．requiring C．cheering D．permitting
26．A．stable B．ongoing C．favorable D．temporary
27．A．However B．Besides C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
28．A．ensure B．bring C．affect D．define
29．A．strong B．pleasant C．determined D．influential
30．A．circumstance B．lifestyle C．atmosphere D．soil
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Sadhguru为拯救土壤，开始了为期100天的摩托车之旅，呼吁世界各地的人们重视土壤危机，这一运动得到了全球的认可。
【详情解析】
16．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它由Sadhguru发起，他从伦敦开始了为期100天的摩托车之旅，途经27个国家，包括欧洲、中亚和中东。A. launched发起；B. sponsored赞助；C. experienced经历；D. commanded命令。根据下文“he started a 100-day motorcycle journey”可知，Sadhguru开始了为期100天的摩托车之旅，由此可知，他是拯救土壤运动的发起人，他发起了这项运动。故选A项。
17．【A】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Sadhguru的努力使这一运动得到了全世界的认可。A. resulted in导致，结果是；B. originated from起源于；C. paid back偿还；D. reacted to对……作出反应。根据句中“worldwide recognition”可知，Sadhguru努力的结果是得到了全世界的认可，“resulted in”意为“导致，结果是”，符合语境。故选A项。
18．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为拯救土壤运动的一部分，Sadhguru骑着自行车前往各个国际地点。A. airports机场；B. companies公司；C. conferences会议；D. locations地点。根据上文“he started a 100-day motorcycle journey starting from London and passing through 27 nations, including Europe, Central Asia, and the Middle East”可知，Sadhguru从伦敦出发，途经27个国家，包括欧洲、中亚和中东等地，由此可知，他骑着自行车前往各个国际地点。故选D项。
19．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：全世界都承认他为下一代拯救土壤所做的努力。A. abilities能力；B. struggles努力；C. characters性格；D. requests要求。根据上文“The efforts of Sadhguru have _____ the worldwide recognition of this movement.”中的“efforts”可知，Sadhguru的努力得到了全世界的认可，由此可知，全世界都承认他为下一代拯救土壤所做的努力，“struggles”与“efforts”呼应。故选B项。
20．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该运动旨在处理地球各地的土壤危机。A. transform使转换；B. address处理（问题）；C. drag拖，拽；D. confirm证实。根据下文“This movement was started to stop the soil from further damage”可知，这一运动是为了防止土壤进一步受损，由此可知，该运动旨在处理地球各地的土壤危机。故选B项。
21．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一运动的开始是为了防止土壤受到进一步的破坏，如今在地球的每个角落都得到了令人鼓舞的响应。A. messages信息；B. responses响应；C. proposals建议；D. positions位置。根据下文“Sadhguru’s efforts have created _____ not only in one region but in every part of the world.”可知，这一运动在世界各地都引起了人们的注意，由此可知，这一运动在地球的每个角落都得到了令人鼓舞的响应。故选B项。
22．【C】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Sadhguru在短短三个月的时间里就取得了成功，因为他的“拯救土壤”运动已经成为一种全球现象，现在正成为聚光灯下的焦点。A. exhausted筋疲力尽的；B. ambitious有雄心的；C. successful成功的；D. confident自信的。根据句中“as his movement Save Soil has become a global phenomenon and is now under the spotlight”可知，他的“拯救土壤”运动已经成为一种全球现象，现在正成为聚光灯下的焦点，由此可知，他是成功的。故选C项。
23．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Sadhguru的努力不仅在一个地区，而且在世界各地都引起了人们的注意。A. improvement改进；B. awareness意识，觉悟；C. imagination想象力；D. standard标准。根据上文“as his movement Save Soil has become a global phenomenon and is now under the spotlight”可知，他的“拯救土壤”运动已经成为一种全球现象，现在正成为聚光灯下的焦点，由此可知，他的努力让人们有了保护土壤的意识。故选B项。
24．【D】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这一全球认可的运动敦促所有国家的所有个人为下一代拯救土壤健康的恶化。A. locally局部地；B. individually分别地；C. nationally全国性地；D. globally全球地。根据上文“as his movement Save Soil has become a global phenomenon”可知，“拯救土壤”运动已经成为一种全球现象，由此可知，这一运动得到了全球认可。故选D项。
25．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一全球认可的运动敦促所有国家的所有个人为下一代拯救土壤健康的恶化。A. urging敦促；B. requiring要求；C. cheering欢呼；D. permitting准许。根据句中“save the deterioration (恶化) of soil health for the future generation”可知，运动的目的是敦促人们为下一代拯救土壤。故选A项。
26．【B】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有健康的土壤，人类的生活是不可能的，而随着持续的气候变化，在地球上生活对子孙后代来说可能会变得充满挑战。A. stable稳固的；B. ongoing持续存在的；C. favorable有利的；D. temporary暂时的。根据句中“spending life on planet earth can become challenging for future generations”可知，应该是持续的气候变化使子孙后代未来的生活充满挑战。故选B项。
27．【C】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，需要采取拯救土壤等举措来确保我们下一代的健康。A. However然而；B. Besides此外；C. Therefore因此；D. Meanwhile同时。根据上文“spending life on planet earth can become challenging for future generations”可知，上下文为因果关系，在地球上生活对子孙后代来说可能会变得充满挑战，因此，需要采取拯救土壤等举措来确保我们下一代的健康，“Therefore”意为“因此”，符合语境。故选C项。
28．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，需要采取拯救土壤等举措来确保我们下一代的健康。A. ensure确保；B. bring带来；C. affect影响；D. define定义。根据句中“an initiative like saving soil”可知，拯救土壤等举措的目的是确保我们下一代的健康。故选A项。
29．【D】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他一直是一个有影响力的声音，现在正利用他的名声为更好的目标而努力。A. strong坚强的；B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. determined有决心的；D. influential有很大影响力的。根据上文“The world acknowledges his _____ to save soil for the upcoming generation.”可知，全世界都承认他所做的努力，由此可知，他是有很大影响力的声音。故选D项。
30．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从为农民提供更稳定的生计到为后代提供更健康的食物和更安全、更清洁的环境，健康的土壤可以做到这一切。A. circumstance条件；B. lifestyle生活方式；C. atmosphere大气；D. soil土壤。根据句中“providing a more stable livelihood (生计) to the farmers”和“offering our upcoming generations healthier food and a safer and cleaner environment”可知，健康的土壤可以为农民提供更稳定的生计，也可以为后代提供更健康的食物和更安全、更清洁的环境。故选D项。
3、（2023届河南省豫东名校高三上学期开学摸底考试）
What if an animal’s main food source is very scarce in the winter? The___31___may be hibernation (冬眠)，that is, a deep sleep which allows them to___32___the winter with little or no food.
Ways of hibernation___33___widely. Some animals store food in their burrows (洞穴) to eat when they awake for short periods. Many___34___extra food in the fall while it is plentiful, which is___35___as body fat to be used later for energy.
Hibernators have two kinds of___36___ ——regular white fat and special brown fat. The brown fat___37___near the animal’s brain, heart and lungs. Its main___38___is to provide extra body heat. It also sends a quick burst of___39___to warm these organs first when it’s time to wake up.
True hibernators go into such a deep sleep that they are difficult to____40____and may appear dead. Their____41____goes down. Their breathing and heart beat slow significantly. ____42____hibernating woodchuck’s heart rate____43____from 80 to 4 beats per minute, and its temperature____44____from 37°C to as low as 4°C．Other hibernating animals don’t experience major____45____in temperature, heart rate or breathing. They are usually the____46____sleepers, easily awakened. They may sleep during the____47____weather and wake to wander and eat during milder weather.
If an animal lives in an area where the winter is mild, it may hibernate only____48____or not at all. However, even when the____49____is severe, the animals may wake up for short periods every few weeks to use their “toilet rooms” and eat if food is____50____
31．A．solution B．explanation C．preparation D．imagination
32．A．miss B．avoid C．escape D．survive
33．A．arise B．vary C．exist D．spread
34．A．produce B．waste C．eat D．plant
35．A．buried B．stored C．blocked D．discovered
36．A．blood B．fiber C．skin D．fat
37．A．forms B．suffers C．declines D．continues
38．A．truth B．choice C．function D．possibility
39．A．light B．energy C．activity D．emotion
40．A．wake up B．jump up C．stay slim D．fall asleep
41．A．pulse B．pressure C．movement D．temperature
42．A．For example B．However C．In short D．Thus
43．A．runs out B．turns up C．slows down D．goes back
44．A．disappears B．passes C．drops D．starts
45．A．benefits B．changes C．challenges D．accidents
46．A．dangerous B．peaceful C．heavy D．light
47．A．nicest B．mildest C．warmest D．severest
48．A．briefly B．abruptly C．normally D．permanently
49．A．stress B．warning C．weather D．problem
50．A．affordable B．available C．necessary D．abandoned
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物冬眠的原因、方式和冬眠期间动物体内发生的变化等。
【详情解析】
31．【A】考查名词词义辨析。句意：解决办法可能是冬眠，也就是说，深度睡眠可以让它们在很少或没有食物的情况下度过冬天。A. solution解决方案；B. explanation解释；C. preparation准备；D. imagination想象。根据第一句话“What if an animal’ s main food source is very scarce in the winter?”和下文的“with little or no food”可知，第二句话是针对第一句的问题给出的解决办法。故选A项。
32．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：解决办法可能是冬眠，也就是说，深度睡眠可以让它们在很少或没有食物的情况下度过冬天。A. miss错过；B. avoid避开；C. escape逃走；D. survive生存。根据句中的“deep sleep”和“the winter with little or no food”可知，此处指的是深度睡眠可以让动物在很少或没有食物的情况下度过冬天，生存下来。故选D项。
33．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：冬眠的方式千差万别。A. arise出现；B. vary变化，不同；C. exist存在；D. spread散布。空格处的句子是本段的主题句。而下文的两个句子是解释的动物两种不同的冬眠方式。故选B项。
34．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多动物在秋天食物充足的时候会吃更多的食物，这些食物会作为身体脂肪储存起来，以供日后补充能量A. produce生产；B. waste浪费；C. eat吃；D. plant种植。根据空格后的“extra food in the fall while it is plentiful”可知，在秋天食物充足的时候，这些动物会吃更多的食物。故选C项。
35．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多动物在秋天食物充足的时候会吃更多的食物，这些食物会作为身体脂肪储存起来，以供日后补充能量。A. buried掩埋；B. stored储存；C. blocked阻挡；D. discovered发现。根据空格后的“as body fat to be used later for energy”可知，动物吃的这些食物会作为身体脂肪储存起来，以供日后补充能量。故选B项。
36．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：冬眠动物有两种脂肪，普通的白色脂肪和特殊的棕色脂肪。A. blood血液；B. fiber纤维；C. skin皮肤；D. fat脂肪。根据空格前的“two kinds of”和空格后的“regular white fat and special brown fat”可知，此处说的是两种脂肪。故选D项。
37．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：棕色脂肪在动物的大脑、心脏和肺附近形成。A. forms形成；B. suffers遭受；C. declines拒绝；D. continues继续。根据空格后的“near the animal’s brain, heart and lungs”可知，此处指的是棕色脂肪在动物身上近形成的位置。故选A项。
38．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的主要功能是提供额外的体热。A. truth真相；B. choice选择；C. function功能；D. possibility可能性。根据下文的“to provide extra body heat”可知，此处说的是棕色脂肪的功能。故选C项。
39．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在该醒来的时候，它还会发送快速爆发的能量来首先温暖这些器官。A. light灯；B. energy能量；C. activity活动；D. emotion情绪。根据下文的“to warm these organs first when it’ s time to wake up”可知，此处是说动物体内能量的作用。故选B项。
40．【A】考查动词短语辨析。句意：真正的冬眠动物睡得很沉，很难醒来，甚至看起来像死了一样。A. wake up醒醒；B. jump up跳起来；C. stay slim保持苗条；D. fall asleep入睡。根据空格前的“such a deep sleep”和空格后的“may appear dead”可知，此处说的是这些动物很难醒来。故选A项。
41．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的体温下降。A. pulse脉冲；B. pressure压力；C. movement运动；D. temperature温度。根据句意和该句子的谓语动词go down可知，此处一定说的是冬眠动物的体温。故选D项。
42．【A】考查介词短语和副词辨析。句意：例如，冬眠的土拨鼠的心率从每分钟80次下降到4次，温度从37°C下降到4°C。A. For example例如；B. However然而；C. In short简言之；D. Thus因此。根据空格后的“hibernating woodchuck’s heart rate”可知，作者是以冬眠的土拨鼠为例来说明问题。故选A项。
43．【C】考查短语辨析。句意：例如，冬眠的土拨鼠的心率从每分钟80次下降到4次，温度从37°C下降到4°C。A. runs out用完了；B. turns up出现；C. slows down慢下来；D. goes back追溯。根据空格前的“heart rate”和空格后的“from 80 to 4 beats per minute”可知，此处说的是冬眠的土拨鼠的心跳放慢。故选C项。
44．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，冬眠的土拨鼠的心率从每分钟80次下降到4次，温度从37°C下降到4°C。A. disappears消失；B. passes通过；C. drops下降；D. starts开始。根据空格前的“temperature”和空格后的“from 80 to 4 beats per minute”可知，此处说的是冬眠的土拨鼠的体温下降。故选C项。
45．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他冬眠动物在温度、心率或呼吸方面没有重大变化。A. benefits好处；B. changes变化；C. challenges挑战；D. accidents事故。根据空格前的“Other hibernating animals don’t experience major”可知，此处说的是其它冬眠动物和冬眠的土拨鼠不同，在温度、心率或呼吸方面没有重大变化。故选B项。
46．【D】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常是浅睡者，很容易被唤醒。A. dangerous危险的；B. peaceful 和平的；C. heavy重的；D. light睡得不沉的。根据下文的“easily awakened”可知，这些动物冬眠时睡得很浅。故选D项。
47．【D】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们可能在最恶劣的天气里睡觉，在较温和的天气里醒来闲逛和进食。A. nicest好的；B. mildest温和的；C. warmest温暖的；D. severest极为恶劣的。根据句意和下文的“milder weather”可知，空格处的单词应该和milder是反义词。故选D项。
48．【A】考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果一种动物生活在冬季温和的地区，它可能只会短暂冬眠或根本不冬眠。A. briefly短暂地；B. abruptly突然；C. normally正常情况下；D. permanently永久地。根据上文的“If an animal lives in an area where the winter is mild”和空格后的“or not at all”可知，此处是说在冬季温和的地区，一些动物可能只会短暂冬眠或根本不冬眠。故选A项。
49．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，即使在天气恶劣的时候，动物们也可能每隔几周醒来一小段时间，用它们的“厕所”，如果有食物就吃。A. stress压力；B. warning警告；C. weather天气；D. problem问题。根据句中的“however”和空格后的形容词“severe”可知，该句子和上一句是转折关系，when引导的时间状语从句还应该说的是天气情况。故选C项。
50．【B】考查词形容词义辨析。句意：然而，即使在天气恶劣的时候，动物们也可能每隔几周醒来一小段时间，用它们的“厕所”，如果有食物就吃。A. affordable负担得起的；B. available可用的；C. necessary必要的；D. abandoned被抛弃的。根据第二段的句中“Some animals store food in their burrows ( 洞穴) to eat when they awake for short periods.”可知，有些冬眠动物是在洞穴里储存食物的，然后等醒来后吃。所以，此处是说，这些动物醒来以后，如果有吃的，他们就吃。故选B项。
4、（2023届湖南省雅礼十六校高三上学期第一次联考）
It is commonly believed that the great English____51____and poet William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-on-Avon on April 23, 1564. But it is impossible to know the____52____day on which he was born.
Church records show he was baptized (施洗礼) on April 26, and three days was a(an)____53____amount of time to wait before baptizing a newly born baby. Shakespeare’s date of death is ____54____ known, however: it was April 23, 1616. He was 52 and had retired to Stratford three years before.
Although few plays have been performed or analyzed as____55____as the 38 plays Shakespeare wrote, there are few surviving____56____about his life. This ____57____ of biographical information is due primarily to his social ____58____; he was not a ____59____, but the son of a leather trader.
Shakespeare _____60_____ attended the grammar school in Stratford, where he would have studied Latin and read _____61_____ literature. He did not go to university and at age 18 married Anne Hathaway, who was eight years his _____62_____. They had four children, including the twins, Hamnet and Judith. Nothing is known of the period between the birth of the twins and Shakespeare’s _____63_____ as a dramatist in London in the early 1590s.
In a million words written over 20 years, he _____64_____ the full range of human emotions and conflicts with a _____65_____ that remains sharp today. As his great contemporary the poet and dramatist Ben Jonson said, "He was not of an age, but for all time."
51．A．writer B．artist C．dramatist D．actor
52．A．real B．exact C．certain D．right
53．A．customary B．fixed C．traditional D．permanent
54．A．conclusively B．finally C．actually D．rarely
55．A．vividly B．extensively C．dramatically D．intensively
56．A．facts B．proves C．hints D．details
57．A．bareness B．scarcity C．amount D．abundance
58．A．rank B．wealth C．evaluation D．reputation
59．A．lord B．businessman C．celebrity D．noble
60．A．indeed B．probably C．surely D．truly
61．A．classical B．comedic C．tragic D．ancient
62．A．wife B．junior C．senior D．sister
63．A．ambition B．development C．shift D．emergence
64．A．captured B．possessed C．gripped D．clenched
65．A．level B．pen C．precision D．method
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是威廉·莎士比亚的生平和伟大成就。
【详情解析】
51．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍认为，伟大的英国剧作家和诗人威廉·莎士比亚于1564年4月23日出生在埃文河畔的斯特拉特福德。A. writer作家；B. artist艺术家；C. dramatist剧作家；D. actor演员。由第13空后的“as a dramatist”可知，威廉·莎士比亚是一位剧作家，故选C。
52．【B】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是不可能知道他确切的出生日期。A. real真正的；B. exact确切的；C. certain一定的；D. right正确的。由后文“Church records show he was baptized (施洗礼）on April 26, and three days was a(an)____53____amount of time to wait before baptizing a newly born baby”可知，不可能知道他确切的出生日期。故选B。
53．【A】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：教堂记录显示，他在4月26日接受洗礼，按照惯例，给新生婴儿洗礼前需要等待三天。A. customary依惯例的；B. fixed固定的；C. traditional传统的；D. permanent永久的。由后文“amount of time to wait before baptizing a newly born baby”可知，按照惯例，给新生婴儿洗礼前需要等待三天。故选A。
54．【A】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，莎士比亚的死亡日期是确定的：1616年4月23日。A. conclusively确定地；B. finally最后；C. actually事实上；D. rarely罕见地。由后文“it was April 23, 1616”可知，莎士比亚的死亡日期是确定的，故选A。
55．【B】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管很少有戏剧像莎士比亚所写的38部戏剧那样被广泛地表演或分析，但关于他的生活的细节却很少被保存下来。A. vividly生动地；B. extensively广泛地；C. dramatically剧烈地；D. intensively强烈地。由后文“as the 38 plays Shakespeare wrote”可知，尽管很少有戏剧像莎士比亚所写的38部戏剧那样被广泛地表演或分析，空格处是“广泛地”，故选B。
56．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管很少有戏剧像莎士比亚所写的38部戏剧那样被广泛地表演或分析，但关于他的生活的细节却很少被保存下来。A. facts事实；B. proves证明；C. hints暗示；D. details细节。由上文的“Although”和后文的“about his life”可知，句子表示“尽管很少有戏剧像莎士比亚所写的38部戏剧那样被广泛地表演或分析，但关于他的生活的细节却很少被保存下来”，空格处是“细节”，故选D。
57．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种传记信息的缺乏主要是由于他的社会地位。A. bareness赤裸；B. scarcity不足，缺乏；C. amount数量；D. abundance丰富。由上文的“there are few surviving____56____about his life”可知，此处是说“这种传记信息的缺乏”，故选B。
58．【A】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种传记信息的缺乏主要是由于他的社会地位。A. rank地位，等级；B. wealth财富；C. evaluation评价；D. reputation名声。由后文“he was not a ____59____, but the son of a leather trader”可知，此处是说“这种传记信息的缺乏主要是由于他的社会地位”，故选A。
59．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不是贵族，而是一个皮革商人的儿子。A. lord主，上帝；B. businessman商人；C. celebrity名人；D. noble贵族。由后文的“but the son of a leather trader”可知，他不是贵族，而是一个皮革商人的儿子，故选D。
60．【B】考查副词词义辨析。句意：莎士比亚可能曾就读于斯特拉特福德的文法学校，在那里他会学习拉丁语，阅读古典文学。A. indeed的确；B. probably可能；C. surely肯定；D. truly真正地。由后文“attended the grammar school in Stratford”和上文的“there are few surviving____56____about his life”可知，此处是一种推测，空格处是“可能”，故选B。
61．【A】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：莎士比亚可能曾就读于斯特拉特福德的文法学校，在那里他会学习拉丁语，阅读古典文学。A. classical古典的；B. comedic喜剧的；C. tragic悲剧的；D. ancient古代的。由后文“literature”可知，此处是说他阅读古典文学。故选A。
62．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他没有上过大学，18岁时娶了比他大8岁的安妮·海瑟薇。A. wife妻子；B. junior较年幼者；C. senior较年长的人；D. sister姐妹。由上文“Anne Hathaway, who was eight years”和常识可知，他18岁时娶了比他大8岁的安妮·海瑟薇，空格处是“较年长的人”，故选C。
63．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从这对双胞胎出生到16世纪90年代早期莎士比亚在伦敦成为戏剧家这段时间，人们一无所知。A. ambition雄心；B. development发展；C. shift转变；D. emergence出现，显现。由“as a dramatist in London in the early 1590s”可知，莎士比亚在伦敦成为戏剧家，空格处意为“出现”，故选D。
64．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在20多年的时间里，他用100万字的文字记录下了人类所有的情感和冲突，其精准程度在今天依然敏锐。A. captured记录；B. possessed拥有；C. gripped握紧；D. clenched攥紧。由上文“In a million words written over 20 years”和后文“the full range of human emotions and conflicts”可知，他用100万字的文字记录下了人类所有的情感和冲突，故选A。
65．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在20多年的时间里，他用100万字的文字记录下了人类所有的情感和冲突，其精准程度在今天依然敏锐。A. level水平；B. pen钢笔；C. precision精确（性）；D. method方法。由上文“In a million words written over 20 years, he ____64____ the full range of human emotions and conflicts”和后文“remains sharp”可知，句子表示“他用100万字的文字记录下了人类所有的情感和冲突，其精准程度在今天依然敏锐”，故选C。
5、（2023届湖北省黄冈市部分重点中学高三上学期期中联考）
It is a common case that most people think a holiday requires a huge amount of preparation. However, a short day ____66____ can be just as refreshing as a long one. A short day’s drive or walk can be the channel that transports you into a ____67____ and casual world, where you can recall your childhood and enjoy your favourite songs. ____68____, a day trip can be a wonderful way to ____69____ the stresses of routine existence while feeding the soul.
You may be surprised to see how many day-trip possibilities ____70____ within a mere hour’s time from your home. Forests, lakes and mountains can serve as the perfect spots for a short ____71____ because the physical and mental transformation in an attractive setting is ____72____ by deep thinking and breathing, or just being still with ____73____.
I have numerous ways to ____74____ make up for the promise of my low-carbon life while still seeing to the _____75_____ of myself on a soul level. However, my _____76_____ to environmental well-being causes me to hesitate before using my car. So I cut my drive trip to a day.
Since day trips tend to require much _____77_____ investments of time and money than traditional outings, I can get _____78_____ travel experience day by day. On the weekend, I may be motivated to _____79_____ a vast state park to get to know wildlife. On another, my curiosity can inspire me to visit a(n) _____80_____ site to learn about ancient artists. Each mini trip will fill my existence with a sense of rebirth that prepares me for whatever lies ahead.
66．A．tour B．drama C．graph D．policy
67．A．tense B．light C．limited D．complicated
68．A．In turn B．In return C．In brief D．In advance
69．A．mind B．add C．recognize D．lessen
70．A．disappear B．recover C．exist D．cycle
71．A．issue B．holiday C．breath D．drive
72．A．developed B．interrupted C．misunderstood D．frozen
73．A．relatives B．friends C．nature D．reality
74．A．effectively B．roughly C．partly D．rarely
75．A．reputation B．discipline C．needs D．disadvantages
76．A．solution B．success C．access D．commitment
77．A．bitter B．smaller C．clearer D．fuller
78．A．shallow B．blank C．miserable D．extensive
79．A．establish B．explore C．imagine D．inspect
80．A．entertaining B．financial C．political D．historical
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一日游和长途旅行一样能让人精神振奋，它不仅能缓解人们日常生活的压力，同时又能抚慰人们的心灵。
【详情解析】
66．【A】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，短的一日游可以像长途旅行一样让人耳目一新。A. tour旅游；B. drama戏剧；C. graph图表；D. policy政策。根据下文“a day trip can be a wonderful way to ____69____ the stresses of routine existence while feeding the soul.”可知，此处指的是一日游。故选A。
67．【B】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：短短的一天的车程或步行就可以将你带入一个轻松随意的世界，在那里你可以回忆起你的童年，欣赏你最喜欢的歌曲。A. tense紧张的；B. light轻松的；C. limited有限的；D. complicated复杂的。根据空后的“and”可知，空处和“casual”表达内容相似。这里指一天的车程或步行可以将你带入一个轻松随意的世界。故选B。
68．【C】考查介词短语辨析。句意：简而言之，一日游可以是一个很好的减轻日常生活压力的方式，同时也能滋养灵魂。A. In turn 轮流；B. In return作为回报；C. In brief简而言之；D. In advance提前。根据下文“a day trip can be a wonderful way to ____69____ the stresses of routine existence while feeding the soul.”可知，此处是简而言之说明了一日游的好处。故选C。
69．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：简而言之，一日游可以是一个很好的减轻日常生活压力的方式，同时也能滋养灵魂。A. mind介意；B. add增加；C. recognize认出；D. lessen减轻。根据上文的“a wonderful way”以及“casual world”可知，此处指的是减轻压力。故选D。
70．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可能会惊讶地发现，在离家仅仅一个小时的时间里，就有那么多一日游的可能性。A. disappear消失 ；B. recover恢复；C. exist实际上有；D. cycle骑自行车。根据下文“Forests, lakes and mountains can serve as the perfect spots for a short ____71___”可知，此处是存在很多可能性。故选C。
71．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：森林、湖泊和山脉可以作为一个短假期的完美地点，因为在一个迷人的环境中，身体和精神的转变是通过深度思考和呼吸，或只是与静静地亲近自然来实现的。A. issue问题；B. holiday假期；C. breath呼吸；D. drive驾驶。根据第一段“It is a common case that most people think a holiday requires a huge amount of preparation.”可知，此处指的是假期的地点。故选B。
72．【A】考查动词词义辨析。句意：森林、湖泊和山脉可以作为一个短假期的完美地点，因为在一个迷人的环境中，身体和精神的转变是通过深度思考和呼吸，或只是与静静地亲近自然来实现的。A. developed发展、养成；B. interrupted打断；C. misunderstood误会；D. frozen结冰。通过下文“by deep thinking and breathing”可知，此处是通过深度思考和呼吸来实现这种转变。故选A。
73．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：森林、湖泊和山脉可以作为一个短假期的完美地点，因为在一个迷人的环境中，身体和精神的转变是通过深度思考和呼吸，或只是与静静地亲近自然来实现的。A. relatives亲戚；B. friends朋友；C. nature自然；D. reality现实。根据上文“Forests, lakes and mountains”可知，这些都是自然界的景观，所以这里指的是亲近自然。故选C。
74．【A】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我有很多方法可以有效地弥补低碳生活的承诺，同时也能在灵魂层面上满足自己的需要。A. effectively有效地；B. roughly粗略地；C. partly部分地；D. rarely几乎不。根据下文“However, my ____76____ to environmental well-being causes me to hesitate before using my car. So I cut my drive trip to a day.”可知，作者通过少开车来有效完成对环保的承诺。故选A。
75．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有很多方法可以有效地弥补低碳生活的承诺，同时也能在灵魂层面上满足自己的需要。A. reputation名声；B. discipline纪律；C. needs需求；D. disadvantages缺陷。根据下文“on a soul level.”可知，是精神层面的需求。故选C。
76．【D】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我对环保的承诺使我在使用我的汽车前犹豫。A. solution解决方法；B. success成功；C. access进入，使用；D. commitment投入，承诺。根据上文“the promise of my low-carbon life”可知，这里指的是对环保的承诺。故选D。
77．【B】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一日游比传统的郊游需要的时间和金钱要少得多，我可以每天获得丰富的旅行经验。A. bitter味苦的；B. smaller更少的；C. clearer更清晰的；D. fuller更满的。根据下文的“traditional outings,”以及上文可知，一日游比传统的郊游需要的时间和金钱要少得多。故选B。
78．【D】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于一日游比传统的郊游需要的时间和金钱要少得多，我可以每天获得丰富的旅行经验。A. shallow肤浅的；B. blank空白的；C. miserable悲惨的；D. extensive广泛的、丰富的。根据下文“Each mini trip will fill my existence with a sense of rebirth that prepares me for whatever lies ahead.”可知，随着时间的流逝，旅行经验也越来越丰富。故选D。
79．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：周末的时候，我可能会有动力去探索一个巨大的州立公园，了解野生动物。A. establish成立；B. explore探索；C. imagine想象；D. inspect视察。根据下文的“a vast state park to get to know wildlife.”可知，此处是去探索公园才能了解野生动物。故选B。
80．【D】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，我的好奇心可以激励我去参观一个历史遗址，了解古代艺术家。A. entertaining有趣的；B. financial金融的；C. political政治的；D. historical历史的。根据下文“to learn about ancient artists.”可知，作者是参观历史遗址，才能了解古时候的艺术家。故选D。